ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION USING MOBILE

COMMUNICATION
PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
EPICS PROJECT

(BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY)
By

Ksheerasagar Tharun Kumar (124233)

Engala Dheeraj Kumar (124120)
Shamsheer Shaik (124150)
Batchu Sudheer Kumar (124213)
Reddi Ram Kumar (124249)

Supervisor:

Dr. C. B. Rama Rao

Certificate

This is to certify that the project work entitled Accident notification using mobile
Communication is a bonafide record of work carried out by Ksheerasagar Tharun Kumar
(124233), Engala Dheeraj Kumar (124120), Shamsheer Shaik (124150), Batchu Sudheer
Kumar (124213), Reddi Ram Kumar (124249) submitted to EPICS Co-ordination Team,

in the year of 2015.

Dr. Siva Sarma DVSS

Dr. C.B. Rama Rao

EPICS Co-ordinator
NIT Warangal

Associate Professor
NIT Warangal

INDE
Certificate.....................................................................................................................................2
ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION USING MOBILE COMMUNICATION........................................1
1.1

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................1

1.2

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................1

PROCESS FOLLOWED..........................................................................................................3

GSM..........................................................................................................................................4

3.1

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................4

3.2

SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE.............................................................................4

3.3

GSM specifications:...........................................................................................................5

3.4

AT commands:...................................................................................................................5

GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM).............................................................................8

4.1

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................8

4.2

GPS PRINCIPLE...............................................................................................................9

4.3

GPS RECEIVER..............................................................................................................10

4.3.1

Major Components of a GPS Receiver.................................10

4.4

FUNCTION OF GPS.......................................................................................................10

4.5

RECEIVER OUTPUT.....................................................................................................11

ACCELEROMETER SENSOR..............................................................................................12
5.1

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................12

5.2

ADXL3XX.......................................................................................................................12

5.3

FEATURES OF ADXL3XX............................................................................................12

5.4

Functional Block Diagram...............................................................................................13

5.4.1

5.5

Pin Configuration..............................................................13

THEORY OF OPERATION............................................................................................14

5.5.1

Performance:....................................................................14

5.5.2

Setting The Bandwidth Using Cx, Cy, And Cz :.....................15

6 RS-232 SERIAL PORT...............................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................16
Null Modem connection...............................................................16

Full handshake connection:..........................................................16

7 ARDUINO...................................................................................................................................19
INTRODUCTION:.....................................................................................................................19
Advantages:................................................................................................................................19
Hardware:...................................................................................................................................20
Software:.....................................................................................................................................20
Sample program:........................................................................20

RESULTS.......................................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................23
INDIVIDUAL DOCUMENTATION.............................................................................................25
ENGALA DHEERAJ KUMAR-- 124120..................................................................................25
ACCOMPLISHMENTS:...................................................................25
PROCESS FOLLOWED:..................................................................25
TEAM WORK:...............................................................................26
COMMUNICATION:.......................................................................26
CRITICAL THINKING:....................................................................26

THARUN KUMAR KSHEERASAGAR -- 124233..................................................................27

RESPONSIBILITIES:......................................................................27

BATCHU SUDHEER KUMAR -- 124213................................................................................28

ACCOMPLISHMENTS:...................................................................28
PROCESS FOLLOWED:..................................................................28
TEAM WORK:...............................................................................28
COMMUNICATION:.......................................................................29
CRITICAL THINKING:....................................................................29

SHAMSHEER SHAIK-124150.................................................................................................29
Accomplishments:.......................................................................29
Process Followed:.......................................................................30
Team Work:.................................................................................30
Communication:..........................................................................30
Critical Thinking:.........................................................................31

RAMKUMAR R - 124247.........................................................................................................31
Accomplishments:.......................................................................31
Process Followed:.......................................................................31
Team Work:.................................................................................31
Communication:..........................................................................32

Critical Thinking:.........................................................................32

Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................33

ACCIDENT NOTIFICATION USING MOBILE

COMMUNICATION
1.1 ABSTRACT
In highly populated Countries like India, during accidents, people lose their lives due to
unavailability of proper medical facilities at the right time. This project senses any accident in the
vehicle and intimates pre-programmed numbers like the owner of the vehicle, ambulance, police
etc. The GSM technology is used to send the position of the vehicle as a SMS to those numbers.
When there is an accident, the accelerometer sensor detects the change in position and
sends a signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller analyses the signal and finds there is an
accident. It immediately sends the position of the vehicle and also the information that there is an
accident, to pre-programmed numbers such as the owner of the vehicle, police, ambulance etc. So
the ambulance arrives in time .This reduces the time taken by ambulance to arrive.

1.2 INTRODUCTION
There is a drastic increase in the number of vehicles in these days which also cause a
steep rise in the number of accidents with a lot of people losing their lives. According to the
World Health Organization, an estimated 1.2 million people lose their lives every year due to car
accidents. India's road accident records 16 % of the world's road accident deaths, whereas India
has only 1 % of the world's road vehicles. It is due to the increase in the number of vehicles
without a subsequent increase in the road facilities required for it. In most of the accident cases,
the victims lose their lives because of the unavailability of medical facilities at the right time. To
solve problems like these, this project came into existence.
In case of any accident, the system sends automated messages to the pre-programmed
numbers and emergency services. We can send messages to any number of mobiles. This uses a
1

GPS (Global Positioning System) to know the exact position of the vehicle with an accuracy of a
few feet. GSM is used to send the position of the vehicle through a SMS. Arduino microcontroller
is used to control and co-ordinate all the parts used in this system. When there is any accident, an
accelerometer sensor is triggered and it sends signal to the microcontroller. The microcontroller
processes the input and sends the appropriate output according to the programming done.

GPS
RECIEVER

ACCLEROMETER
SENSOR

ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER

POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT

Figure 1.1 General Block Diagram

GSM
MODULE

Emergency Services
& Pre-programmed
users

2 PROCESS FOLLOWED

Of the numerous components available in the market, we have to select required

components which meet the specifications of our project as well as cost effective. For that purpose
we analysed the project and components and chose the following components:
1. SIM908
2. RS-232 to TTL Converter.
3. ADXL335 Accelerometer.
4. 12 V DC Adapter

First, we learned about the microcontroller. How it looks like? How it differs from a
microprocessor? After that we have divided our work and each chose their interest of work and
studied their respective component for 10 days. In between these days our project leader contacted
the team members to know the progress of the work in respective periods.
Later we shared our knowledge regarding their specified component to all others. Then we started
building the device. Then we tried to configure using TTL pins on SIM908. But it was not
successful then we used RS232 to TTL converter to communicate. We had sent AT commands to
call and message to the programmed numbers. We had located our device location accurately. We
measured the accelerometer readings.
In following chapter we describe each of the components that we used and their
specifications.

3 GSM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the worlds most popular
standard for mobile telephony systems. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that
both signalling and speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a second generation
(2G) mobile phone system. This also facilitates the wide-spread implementation of data
communication applications into the system.
The GSM standard has been an advantage to both consumers, who may benefit from the
ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who
can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors. GSM also pioneered low-cost
implementation of the short message service (SMS), also called text messaging, which has since
been supported on other mobile phone standards as well.

3.2 SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE

The subscriber identity module (or SIM card) is a key feature of a GSM cell phone. The
SIM contains the subscription profile and address book. Although the SIM card contains account
information that prevents or enables certain services, the handset (cell phone) is the device that
locks the user into a specific phone
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over
a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator
perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.

3.3

GSM specifications:
Frequency: 850MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz or 1900MHz frequency bands.
Modulation: Modulation is a form of change process where we change the input

information into a suitable format for the transmission medium. We also changed the information
by demodulating the signal at the receiving end. The GSM uses Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
(GMSK) modulation method.
Access Methods: Because radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users, a
method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as many users as possible. GSM
chose a combination of TDMA/FDMA as its method. The FDMA part involves the division by
frequency of the total 25 MHz bandwidth into 124 carrier frequencies of 200 kHz bandwidth.

3.4 AT commands:
AT commands are also known as Hayes AT commands. There are different views to
understand the meanings of "AT". Some call it "Attention Telephone", whereas others interpret it
as "Attention Terminal" commands.
AT commands allow giving instructions to both mobile devices and ordinary landline
telephones. The commands are sent to the phone's modem, which can be a GSM modem or PC
modem. Different manufacturers may have different sets of AT commands. Fortunately, many AT
commands are the same. Mobile device manufacturers may also give attention to operators to
allow or not to allow some commands on phones.

1. To check the modem: AT {Press Enter}

OK
2. To change sms sending mode:AT+CMGF=1{Press Enter}

OK
3. To Read SMS in Text mode:
AT+CMGR= no.
Number (no.) is the message index number stored in the sim card. For new SMS, URC will be
received on the screen as +CMTI: SM no. Use this number in the AT+CMGR number to read the
message.
Example:

AT+CMGR=1{Press Enter}

+CMGR: "REC READ","+919618191742","","15/04/10, 20:52:20"

4. To Send SMS in text mode:
AT+CMGS=mobile number press enter
Once The AT commands is given > prompt will be displayed on the screen.
Type the message to send via SMS. After this, press ctrl+Z to send the SMS.
If the SMS sending is successful, ok will be displayed along with the message number.

Example:

AT+CMGS=9618XXXXXX{Press Enter}
< Hi This is Epics Project CTRL+Z

5. To make a voice call:ATD9618191742; {Press Enter}

6. To Redial last no:ATDL{Press Enter}
7. To Hang up or Disconnect a call: ATH{Press Enter}
6

8. For receive incoming call:ATA{Press Enter}

9. To set a particular baud rate:AT+IPR=?{Press Enter} {To view the baud rate values}
AT+IPR=0

{To set the modem to auto bauding mode}

10. Operator selection:AT+COPS? {Press Enter}

OK
AT+COPS?
+COPS: 0, 0,"Reliance"
OK

4 GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)

4.1 INTRODUCTION
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite
system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times
and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four
or more GPS satellites. When people talk about "a GPS," they usually mean a GPS receiver. The
Global Positioning System (GPS) is actually a constellation of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in
operation and three extras in case one fails). The U.S. military developed and implemented this
satellite network as a military navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody else. Each
of these 3,000- to 4,000-pound solar-powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000 miles
(19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits are arranged so that at
anytime, anywhere on Earth, there are at least four satellites "visible" in the sky.
A GPS receiver calculates its position by precisely timing the signals sent by GPS
satellites high above the Earth. Each satellite continually transmits messages that include the time
the message was transmitted precise orbital information (the ephemeris) the general system health
and rough orbits of all GPS satellites (the almanac).
The receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and
computes the distance to each satellite. These distances along with the satellites' locations are
used with the possible aid of trilateration, depending on which algorithm is used, to compute the
position of the receiver. This position is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or
latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included. Many GPS units show derived
information such as direction and speed, calculated from position changes.

4.2 GPS PRINCIPLE

The GPS satellites act as reference points from which receivers on the ground detect
their position. The fundamental navigation principle is based on the measurement of pseudo
ranges between the user and four satellites. Ground stations precisely monitor the orbit of every
satellite and by measuring the travel time of the signals transmitted from the satellite four
distances between receiver and satellites will yield accurate position, direction and speed.
Though three - range measurements are

sufficient,

the

fourth observation is essential for

solving clock synchronization error between receiver and satellite. Thus, the term pseudo
ranges is derived. The secret of GPS measurement is due to the ability of measuring carrier
phases to about 1/100 of a cycle equalling to 2 to 3 mm in linear distance. Moreover the high
frequency L1 and L2 carrier signal can easily penetrate the ionosphere to reduce its effect. Dual
frequency observations are important for large station separation and for eliminating most of the
error parameters.

Figure 4.1 GPS Principle

9

4.3 GPS RECEIVER

A GPS navigation device is any device that receives Global Positioning System (GPS)
signals for the purpose of determining the device's current location on Earth. GPS devices
provide latitude and longitude information, and some may also calculate altitude, although this is
not considered sufficiently accurate or continuously available enough (due to the possibility of
signal blockage and other factors) to rely on exclusively to pilot aircraft. GPS devices are used in
military, aviation, marine and consumer product applications.
GPS receivers are composed of an antenna, tuned to the frequencies transmitted by the
Satellites, receiver-processors, and a highly stable clock (often a crystal oscillator). They may
also include a display for providing location and speed information to the user. A receiver is often
described by its number of channels: this signifies how many satellites it can monitor
simultaneously. Originally limited to four or five, this has progressively increased over the years
so that, as of 2007, receivers typically have between 12 and 20 channels.

4.3.1

Major Components of a GPS Receiver

The main components of a GPS receiver are

Antenna with pre-amplifier

RF section with signal identification and signal processing

Micro-processor for receiver control, data sampling and data processing

oscillator

Power supply

User interface, command and display panel

Memory, data storage

4.4 FUNCTION OF GPS

It is a "constellation" of twenty-four 20,000km high GPS satellites. The satellites are
distributed on 6 orbits, 4 per orbit. Every satellite makes a complete rotation of the Earth every 12
hours. Every satellite possesses an atomic clock, allowing a very precise measure of time. They
emit on two different frequencies: L1: 1575 MHz and L2: 1227 MHz L2 being reserved for the
American Army.
10

Every satellite thus sends ceaselessly a code of 1500 bits, containing numerous data such as
the time at which the code is to be sent, the position of the satellite, its state, the position of the
other satellites... This data allows the receiver to calculate its position.
Each GPS satellite transmits radio signals that enable the GPS receivers to calculate where its
(or your vehicles) location on the Earth and convert the calculations into geodetic latitude,
longitude and velocity. A receiver needs signals from at least three GPS satellites to pinpoint your
vehicles position.

4.5 RECEIVER OUTPUT

Typically receivers provide two different formats.
1. NMEA (Nation Marine Electronics Association)
ASCII Format
Defines a set of standard messages.
2. Proprietary Format
Typically Binary
No limit on information transmitted
Receiver output is related to position, velocity and time. The output in the following
Position:
Latitude: degrees: minutes: seconds
Longitude: degrees: minutes: seconds
Altitude m
Velocity:
Speed knots
Heading degrees Time
(UTC):
Date dd/mm/yy
Time hh/mm/ss.sss
GPS receiver gives the latitude, longitude, date, time, speed of the satellite, no of satellites on
view etc
11

5 ACCELEROMETER SENSOR
5.1 INTRODUCTION
Accelerometers are sensors or transducers that measure acceleration. Accelerometers
generally measure acceleration forces applied to a body by being mounted directly onto a surface
of the accelerated body. Accelerometers are useful in detecting motion in objects.
An accelerometer measures force exerted by a body as a result of a change in the velocity of the
body. A moving body possesses an inertia which tends to resist change in velocity. It is this
resistance to change in velocity that is the source of the force exerted by the moving body. This
force is directly proportional to the acceleration component in the direction of movement when
the moving body is accelerated. The motion is detected in a sensitive portion of the
accelerometer. This motion is indicative of motion in the larger object or application in which the
accelerometer is mounted. Thus, a sensitive accelerometer can quickly detect motion in the
application.

5.2 ADXL3XX
3 Axis Acceleration Sensor Board based on ADXL3XX from Analog devices. It is a firstgeneration 3 axis acceleration sensor. User could get acceleration value of X, Y, and Z axis. And it
is widely used in shock, slope, and moving detection. Output sensitivity could be select by simply
set voltage level on few pins. The output is analog mode, so you need a A/D converter to read the
acceleration value.

5.3 FEATURES OF ADXL3XX

3-axis sensing Small, low profile package 4 mm 4 mm 1.45 mm

LFCSP Low power : 350 mA (typical) Single-Supply operation: 1.8 V to 3.6 V

10,000 g shock survival

Excellent temperature stability

BW adjustment with a single capacitor per axis

12

5.4 Functional Block Diagram

Figure 5.1 Functional Block Diagram of ADXL335

5.4.1

Pin Configuration

Figure 5.2 Pin Configuration of ADXL335

13

5.5 THEORY OF OPERATION

The ADXL335 is a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement system. The ADXL335

has a measurement range of 3 g mini-mum. It contains a polysilicon surface-micro machined
sensor and signal conditioning circuitry to implement an open-loop acceleration measurement
architecture. The output signals are analog voltages that are proportional to acceleration. The
accelerometer can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications as well as
dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.
The sensor is a polysilicon surface-micro machined structure built on top of a silicon
wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a
resistance against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured using a differential
capacitor that consists of independent fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The
fixed plates are driven by 180 out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration deflects the moving mass
and unbalances the differential capacitor resulting in a sensor output whose amplitude is
proportional to acceleration. Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are then used to determine
the magnitude and direction of the acceleration.
The demodulator output is amplified and brought off-chip through a 32 k resistor. The
user then sets the signal bandwidth of the device by adding a capacitor. This filtering improves
measurement resolution and helps prevent aliasing.

5.5.1

Performance:
Rather than using additional temperature compensation circuit, innovative design

techniques ensure that high performance is built in to the ADXL335. As a result, there is no
quantization error or no monotonic behaviour, and temperature hysteresis is very low (typically
less than 3 mg over the 25C to +70C temperature range).

14

5.5.2

Setting The Bandwidth Using Cx, Cy, And Cz :

The ADXL335 has provisions for band limiting the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins.

Capacitors must be added at these pins to imple-ment low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise
reduction. The equation for the 3 dB bandwidth is
F3 dB = 1/(2(32 k) C(X,Y,Z))
or more simply
F3 dB = 5 F/C(X, Y, Z)
The tolerance of the internal resistor (RFILT) typically varies as much as 15% of its
nominal value (32 k), and the bandwidth varies accordingly. A minimum capacitance of 0.0047
F for CX, CY, and CZ is recommended in all cases.

15

6 RS-232 SERIAL PORT

INTRODUCTION
RS-232 is a standard for serial communication transmission of data. It formally defines the
signals connecting between a DTE (data terminal equipment) such as a computer terminal, and a
DCE (data communication equipment), such as a modem. Using RS-232 we can establish serial
communication between two devices.
There are basically two types in RS-232 communication
1) Null modem connection
2) Full handshake connection

Null Modem connection

This can be used for distances up to 50 feet. In this one only Tx , Rx & Gnd signals are
connected and all the handshake signals can be shorted.
Full handshake connection:
In this connection handshake signals such as DTS, RTS, CTS etc.., are used. This
communication generally used when we are using with modem for long distance communication.
In this one when computing device such as a computer or even a microcontroller or
microprocessor requests modem to transmit data, after modem establishes connection with
communication network it sends acknowledgement signal to micro controller.
In our present project all devices are nearby so its not necessary to use a modem, in our project
we are using null modem connection
There are several types of RS-232 ports, primarily DB-9 port & DB-25 port

16

Fig 6.1 DB-9 Male & Female ports

Fig 6.2 DB-25 male & female port

A DB-25 port generally used for parallel port printer but now we arent using it as we had
fast serial ports, our hardware (SIM 908 has DB-9 Female port).
17

On other hand Arduino has TTL Tx, Rx lines so now we need to translate TTL logic levels
which are unipolar signals (logic LOW 0V, logic HIGH 5V) to RS -232 levels which are
bipolar signal (logic LOW -12 V, logic HIGH +12 V) which can be done using MAX232 IC,
so we need a TTL to RS-232 male converter for proper interfacing.
Here is a pictorial representation of whole process stated above

Fig 6.3 Logic level changer from TTL to RS-232

18

7 ARDUINO
INTRODUCTION:
Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical
world than your desktop computer. It's an open-source physical computing platform based on a
simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board.
Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of
switches or sensors, and controlling a variety of lights, motors, and other physical outputs.

Advantages:
1. Inexpensive
2. Cross platform
3. Simple and clear programming environment
4. Open source and extensible software
5. Open source and extensible hardware
19

Hardware:
An Arduino board consists of an Atmel 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit AVR microcontroller with
complementary components that facilitate programming and incorporation into other circuits.
Has 5V linear voltage regulator and 16MHz crystal oscillator.
Provided with flash memory for writing programs on it.
Current Arduinos are programmed via USB.
Provided with digital and analog I/O pins that can be interfaced with various extension boards and
other circuits.

Software:
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross platform application written in
Java. Arduino programs are written in C or C++.The users need only to define two functions to
make an executable Cyclic executable program.

setup(): a function run once at the start of a program that can initialize settings

loop(): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off

Sample program:
Program that blinks LED on and off
#define LED_PIN 13
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);

// Enable pin 13 for digital output

// Turn on the LED
// Wait one second (1000 milliseconds)
// Turn off the LED
20

delay(1000);

// Wait one second

21

RESULTS
To find threshold limit of acceleration beyond which can be considered as accident, weve
taken sample readings from the automotive vehicle which are as follows

Variation of Acceleration values on X-Direction

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Figure: Variation of Acceleration in X-direction

Chart Title
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Figure: Variation of Acceleration in Z-direction

22

Chart Title
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Figure: Variation of Acceleration in Y-direction

Averag
e
Max
Varianc
e

X
16.427
35
62
3.6201
1

Y
16.005
07
62
2.0705
95

Z
19.115
86
60
2.3755
72

Figure: Statistical analysis of Acceleration Values

From the above test sample we fixed threshold value which is more than maximum value
obtained in the sample test. This may not be accurate value, more accurate value can be found if
we do crash test analysis, which is beyond our scope.
After this fixing of threshold limit we artificially created more jerks on accelerometer and
made it to cross the threshold which triggered GPS & GSM module. Then we got latitude coordinates & longitude co-ordinates using GPS. Which then sent over SMS to all numbers which
are stored in SIM.
The prototype can successfully get GPS location and send the Google Maps link to Mobile
numbers which are already defined in the SIM contact storage.

23

Here are the screenshots which shows our location after following link which was received
via SMS.

24

CONCLUSIONS
Arduino gives output in CMOS logic. While, SIM908 communicates with RS232 (has
Female port). So, we used RS232 to TTL female converter. We tried to use directly RS232 to TTL
female converter using single strand wires but it was not successful as there are many
configurations of RS232.
Initially we tried to use Arduino Uno (which has ATmega328) but because of RAM
insufficient RAM we encountered many problems in our code, which are highly unpredictable,
and microcontroller used to behave in an uncontrolled manner. Later we found the problem and
used Arduino Mega (ATmega2560) which solved all of our problems.
Though the our accelerometer has both range of 6g & 1.5g weve opted for 1.5 g, since it
has more sensitivity and generally deceleration are less than g.
Our prototype can be installed in any existing vehicle and can be used by anyone who wish
to have this system on their vehicle.
Though the system can work even if we install this in vehicle but we think the result of this
project will be more useful to community if manufacture themselves embed this system into
vehicles at the time of manufacturing. This will also decrease net cost to implement this as the
same processor which is more common in present day automotive can be made to do these
specific tasks.

25

INDIVIDUAL DOCUMENTATION
ENGALA DHEERAJ KUMAR-- 124120
My responsibility was to obtain the latitude and longitude values of device location and
frame a Google Maps link so that the user can see the location of the accident by just clicking on
that link.I have worked on the retrieving of latitude and longitude values of a location using the
GPS receiver embedded in the SIM908 module. The first task I have accomplished is obtained
the latitude and longitude values of our device location by sending proper AT commands
(Attention commands) to the SIM 908.

We have made efforts to establish proper serial

communication between Arduino and SIM908 module. The latitude and longitude values obtained
were not in the proper format of google maps link. So, I have written a code to convert coordinates received into a proper format to form GPS link.
I also shared the responsibility of developing the software code along with Tharun. We have
faced many problems while developing the code. While developing the code we have ran short of
available RAM size of arduino due to which we got incorrect results. We managed to overcome
this problem by replacing arduino uno with arduino mega. Finally, I have helped in making
prototype of the project.

THARUN KUMAR KSHEERASAGAR -- 124233

RESPONSIBILITIES:
As a Team Leader I co-ordinated among team members. We divided our work into separate
parts after analysing our proposed solution. Then assigned parts of works assigned to group of two
or individual based on the complexity of problem. And tried to make them work more effectively
towards EPICS project.
As a team member I along with my team member Dheeraj Kumar responsible for writing
code for locating the vehicle location and sending it to numbers which are in SIM. Specifically I

26

worked with extracting mobile numbers from the SIM & I worked Arduino memory problems &
found the unusual behaviour of the Arduino Uno & gave a solution for it.
While interfacing with microcontroller we faced lot of problems, so read about in detailed
technical details of RS-232 Communication, I came to know about different types of
communications ports and configurations in RS-232 alone, Later I analysed details of available
hardware and tried to connect two RS-232 female ports using crossover connection, but we faced
looping problem where the communication goes into infinite loop because of Tx, Rx short circuit,
later we used RS-232 male port using laptop and we successfully established communication
between system and SIM 908.

BATCHU SUDHEER KUMAR -- 124213

My main contribution to the project is identifying the threshold of the accelerometer for
which the message has to be sent i.e., the accident has occurred. Also, I have done much work
relating to the accelerometer such as writing the code for the accelerometer to detect the speed at
which the vehicle is going. For identifying the threshold for the deceleration, we have to find the
different readings given by the accelerometer when the vehicle is moving. We have to move the
vehicle rashly i.e., very fast and very slow with sudden breaks and on uneven roads so that we can
note the extreme readings. From which we can identify the threshold for the message to be sent.
For this process, we separated the accelerometer from the GSM and GPS devices and
connected to an Arduino for functioning of the accelerometer and to record the readings. As the
arduino has little memory, it cannot record all the values. So we needed a memory device to
record the values. We used arduino shield for that purpose. I helped with the coding of arduino
shield with accelerometer to record the test values. Later, we took a bike and placed the
accelerometer device and drove rashly and recorded the readings. Later, we found the extreme
values from the recordings as well as other things such as average etc. I also helped in adding the
piezoelectric speaker to the device.

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SHAMSHEER SHAIK-124150
Accomplishments:

Learned about microcontroller, accelerometer sensor, SD card module.

Fixed Threshold value for accident notification

Learned about working of GSM.

Configured GSM modem.

Prepared notes for what is done.

Send message and call from GSM modem.

Able to receive call and message to GSM modem.

Feasible solution for fault detection with the help of other team members.

Process Followed:

Understanding of GSM, accelerometer specifications.

To initiate call and send message using GSM, we need to issue AT commands. So learned
about GSM AT commands.

Tested all the GSM AT commands.

Learned about the working of GPS modem, its specifications and about AT commands by
discussing with team members.

Taken readings from accelerometer and stored in SD card.

Fixed threshold value and programmed microcontroller to send accident notification.

Team Work:

Analysed problem statement and classified them based on implementation.

Opted to work on GSM and accelerometer sensor.

Shared my knowledge about GSM to teammates and learned about their implementation.
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We met at weekends and shared our ideas so as to enhance our technical solution to provide

better solution.
Learned about other teammates about what they worked on.

Communication:

Contacted faculty in Electronics and Communication Engineering Department to resolve

interfacing issues.

Communicated with mechanical students about chassis design.

Discussed with team members when faced any problem and considered the views all the
members in selecting the best possible solution to overcome the problem.

Critical Thinking:
One of the key problem is proper location of our device in four wheeler. When a car is met with an
accident, it experiences a huge impulse. This force is distributed among the chassis. So our device
should be located at a place where it is not in contact with chassis. As our device should be
accessible to driver. It should be located either below CD player box or behind gear rod.

RAMKUMAR R - 124247
Accomplishments:
Learned about Arduino, its working, and its programming.
Interfaced the Arduino with SIM908 module and accelerometer sensor.
Programmed the Arduino to make and receive a call and text message.
Able to read the values sensed from the ADXL335 sensor.

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Process Followed:
1. Shared total project work among ourselves.
2. Learned about the Arduino from the internet and installed Arduino software.
3. Watched tutorials on Arduino interfacing with various other modules.
4. Started working on Arduino as soon as we got the required components and acquired practical
experience.
5. Prepared my own notes whenever I worked on the project.
Team Work:
1. Everyone used to work on their own part and learned their part from all the available resources.
2. We used to meet whenever we were free and exchanged our learning so that everyone gets deep
insight and more clarity on what we were trying to do. As soon as other team members came up
with their knowledge on their corresponding task, I learned from them and started working on my
part.
3. Assisted my team members in learning the Arduino part so that even others can help me in
getting better output.
4. During our project we faced problem with TTL to RS-232 conversion and we worked a lot on
this and finally solved this. This took some time and our team work paid off!
Communication:
1. Used to share my project details and status with my friends and used to get appreciation and
suggestions about our project.
2. Whenever I got any innovation or modification I used to assemble my teammates so there exists
no communication gap between us.
3. Everyone used to share their modification ideas with me and we had healthy communication
among us!

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Critical Thinking:
1. In our project we get our power from the car battery .I came up with the doubt about car battery
destruction during major accident which may completely change our basic theme. I discussed the
same with my teammates and came up with the idea of backup power we get when kit loses its
power connection from car battery. This was one of our major innovation.

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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. C.B. Rama Rao, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, NIT Warangal, for his continued guidance,
involvement and motivation throughout our project work and also for providing all
the facilities required for the fulfilment of the project.
Finally we are thankful to all our friends who have directly or indirectly
helped us in bringing out this work successfully.

Tharun Kumar K
Dheeraj Kumar E
Shamsheer S
Sudheer Kumar B
Ramkumar R

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