Here are the answers , if any one has different opinion or idea share with me.1.

Can you explain

in detail three or more major differences between code ANSI B31.1 and code ANSIB31.3?
Answer: There is only one major difference between the two, B31.1 is for Power Piping and
B31.3 is forRefinery/Chemical Plant Piping.2. There is a power plant inside a Process refinery.
Where exactly the ANSI B31.1 & ANSI B31.3 scopebreak occurs?Answer: Based on my
experience there were two cases. Case #1, B31.1 stopped at the Power Plant Unitblock valves.
Thus all piping inside the Power Plant was B31.1. Case #2, B31.1 stopped at the
equipment(Boiler) isolation block valves and then all other piping was B31.3. This is normally
the choice of theowner/operator/client.3.
Which of the following piping system is more health hazardous. A) Fuel oil piping b) Process
pipingwith Caustic c) process piping with HF acid d) Sulphuric acid piping.
Answer: c) process piping with HF acid4.
There is a steam piping with low pocket but without steam trap. What will be worst consequence
of this layout?Answer: There will be a build up of condensate to the point that a slug will
be pushed by the steam flow.
This slug of condensate will cause water hammer and could rip the piping apart
.5. In what circumstance, the reducer of a pump suction piping will be in bottom flat position.
Explainwhy the reducer should be so.
Answer: Still Needs a Proper Explanation for the this answer.6. A P&ID shows a spec break
(at Flange) between carbon steel & stainless steel specification.

Whatadditional arrangements you have to make for that dissimilar material flange joint?Answer:
Use the Gasket and bolts from the SS spec.7. A stainless steel piping specification mentions
Galvanized carbons steel bolts. What is your firstreaction ti this and how do you rectify it?
Answer: If that is what the Spec call for then that is what I am supposed to use. But, I would ask
thePiping Material Engineer (PME) why he/she specified galvanized bolts.8. How many types of
piping specialty items do you know? Why it is called a piping special? Why not weinclude them
in standard piping specification.
Answer: I could possibly count 50 or more depending on the PME and how the piping material
specswere developed. They are called them SP items because they are NOT written into the
normal PipingMaterial (Line Class) Specifications. They are not included because they are
normally of limited use,purchased from a limited product line vendor and are often
after thoughts.9. Draw a typical steam trap station layout and explain why the existence of a bypass line around thetrap is not a good idea, when the condensate is returning to a condensate
header?Answer: (No drawing) It is not advisable to have a bypass around a steam trap because
the block valvecould be left open and defeat the purpose of the trap.

10. Explain what is a Double block & Bleed valve? Why we need a bleed valve? When do we
use this?
Answer: The primary purpose of a Double Block & Bleed is Safety. However i
t is not fail safe. The next
better Safety set
-up would be Double Block Valve with a Spec Blind between the valves. The higherlevel of
safety would be double block valves with a removable spool for absolute isolation.11. In a
typical tie-in where should the spectacle blind be inserted? a) after block valve and
towardsexisting plant b) before block valve and towards new plant. Explain why.Answer: The
Spec Blind shall be placed on the Unit side of the Unit Block valves. This placement allowsfor
the closing of the Unit isolation block valve, the unit side is depressured and drained. Then the
specblind can be installed for isolation of the unit.
12. Stress intensification factor (SIF) Where do we use this? Explain this term. How many
types of
these SIF
s exist?
Answer: Stress Intensification Factor (SIF) is a multiplier on nominal stress for typically bend
andintersection components so that the effect of geometry and welding can be considered in a
beamanalysis. Stress Intensification Factors form the basis of most stress analysis of piping
systems. As for thequantity, ask a Stress Engineer.13. When all design parameters are same,
whose thermal expansion is higher among the following? A)Carbon steel b) Stainless steel c)
Duplex steel d) Cast Iron e) Galvanized Carbon steel.Answer: b) Stainless steel14. In a hose
station the hose couplings used for water, air & steam should be different type. Do youagree?
Explain your view.Answer: I agree. If they are all the same then the hoses can be connected to
the wrong services andcould result in the injury of an operator (i.e.: thinking the hose is
connected to water when it isconnected to steam).15. What is your view on the usage of Metallic
expansion joints? When they become necessary andwhen they could be avoided?
Answer: I do everything I can as a piping designer to avoid the use of all types of expansion
joints.Expansion joints are always the weakest point in any system where they are used.16. A
water cooler heat exchanger, located on a 20 m high structural platform. Water header is
locatedu/g. What precaution do you take, in case of Pressure loss in cooling water header?
Answer: I do not understand this question it does not appear to be a piping issue. I would assume
thatthe cooling water system has a (loss of) pressure sensor and the plant shut-down alarms and
sequencewould be activated.17. In what order do you arrange the pipes in the Pipe rack and
why? How much % of area should bereserved for Future expansion? Specify a range.Answer:
The largest hottest lines on the outside edge of the pipe rack working in with cooler lines
intowards the middle of the rack. This allows the longer loop legs as you lay the loops back over
the otherlines to the other side of the rack and back. The lower temper
ature loops would be nested inside the
larger, hotter loops.
Future rack space is normally at the direction of the Client. It may be anything from 0% to as
much as
25%.18. When a utility line (like condensate or water etc) is connected permanently to a process
piping whatprecaution we have to take to avoid cross contamination?Answer: Option #1, double

block valve with a drop-out spool.Option #2, Double block valve with a spec blind.Option #3,
double block valves with a bleed valve.19. A air fin cooler (2 air coolers with each having 2 inlet
nozzles) needs a Typical piping arrangement.How many types of piping arrangement is
possible.Answer: There are a number of ways to pipe a Fin-Fan cooler depending on what the
P&ID call for?
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