Real fluids are "sticky" and contain (and conduct)
heat. Perfect fluids are idealized models in which
these possibilities are neglected. Specifically, perfect fluids have noshear stresses, viscosity, or heat conduction. Ideal Fluids an imaginary fluid that lacks viscosity thermal conductivity. There is no internal friction in an ideal deal. Fluid that is there no tangential stresses between two neighboring layers. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. These can be thought of as "recording" the path of a fluid element in the flow over a certain period. The direction the path takes will be determined by the streamlines of the fluid at each moment in time. Streamlines are
family
of curves that
are
instantaneously tangent to the velocity vector of the
flow. These show the direction a massless fluid element will travel in at any point in time. Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along streakline. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection. Turbulent flow flow regime characterized by chaotic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and flow velocity in space and time.
A steady flow is one in which the conditions (velocity,
pressure and cross-section) may differ from point to point but DO NOT change with time. Unsteady Flow - If at any point in the fluid, the conditions change with time, the flow is described as. unsteady. Uniform flow: If the flow velocity is the same magnitude and direction at every point in the fluid it is said to be uniform. Vortex is a region in a fluid medium in which the flow is mostly rotating around an axis line, the vortical flow that occurs either on a straight-axis or a curved-axis. The flow velocity of a fluid is a vector field, and the vorticity of the flow can be defined by. A common alternative notation for vorticity is . If is irrotational, with , then the flow is said to be an irrotational flow. The vorticity of an irrotational flow is zero.
Stagnation point is a point in a flow field where the
local velocity of the fluid is zero. [1] Stagnation points exist at the surface of objects in the flow field, where the fluid is
brought
to
rest
by
the
object.
The Bernoulli
equation shows that the static pressure is highest when
the velocity is zero and hence static pressure is at its maximum value at stagnation points. This static pressure is called the stagnation pressure.
a boundary layer is the layer of fluid in the immediate
vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant.
The separation point is defined as the point
between the forward and backward flow, where the shear stress is zero. The overall boundary layer initially thickens suddenly at the separation point and is then forced off the surface by the reversed flow at its bottom. Wake turbulence is turbulence that forms behind an aircraft as it passes through the air. This turbulence includes various components, the most important of which are wingtip vortices and jetwash. A flownet is a graphical representation of twodimensional steady-state groundwater flow through aquifers.
Volumetric flow rate is defined by the limit: I.e.,
the flow of volume of fluid V through a surface per unit time t. Since this is only the time derivative of volume, a scalar quantity, the volumetric flow rate is also a scalar quantity.