Final Lo Res Wxy Evse Site Design Guidelines 122112

SITING AND DESIGN
GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC

VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT
Prepared for:
New York State Energy Research and
Development Authority
and
Transportation and Climate Initiative
Prepared by:
WXY Architecture + Urban Design
With support from:
Energetics Incorporated
November 2012
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

Overview

Charging Basics

Levels of Charge
1
2
3
SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN

Site Selection

Site Design Elements

EVSE Interfaces

Network Interface

Urban Interface

Power Interface

Parking Interface

EVSE Interface
4
5
5
6
8
9
10
12
SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING

Regulatory

Wayfinding
14
15
INSTALLATION CONTEXTS

Implementation Considerations

Commercial

Multi-Unit Residential

On-Street

Service Station

Fleet
16
18
21
23
25
27
RESOURCES
28
NOTICE
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Award Number #DE-EE0005586.
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government, the New York State Energy
Research and Development Authority and the State of New York. Neither the United States Government, the State of New York nor
any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use
would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name,
trademark, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the
United States Government, the State of New York or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not
necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Information and documents published under the name of the Transportation and Climate Initiative (TCI) represent work produced in
support of the TCI or its projects. TCI materials do not necessarily reflect the positions of individual jurisdictions or agencies unless
explicitly stated.
TCI is a collaboration of the transportation, energy and environment agencies from the 11 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states and
Washington, DC, focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector. Jurisdictions participating in this
TCI project are Connecticut, Delaware, DC, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode
Island and Vermont. Clean Cities Coalitions from the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions are working with the TCI states on this project
through the Northeast Electric Vehicle Network.
This document was commissioned by TCI, and was developed as part of the Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) Support project
awarded under NYSERDA Program Opportunity Notice (PON) 2392 to Energetics Incorporated. The research, interviews and analysis
in this report were performed by WXY Architecture + Urban Design (Project team Adam Lubinsky, Jennifer Gardner, Paul Salama,
Stephanie Koltun and Justine Ala), with support from Energetics Incorporated. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support
of Steve Schey, Rob Russo, Tom Jacobson, Paul Heitmann from ECOtality, Gustavo Collantes and Mark Stout.
vi
SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
Overview
Charging Basics
Levels of Charge
Charging stations are the point of connection

to the electrical grid for electric vehicles (EVs),
and the point of power for EV drivers. With the
anticipated growth of EVs as a widespread
transportation choice, the incorporation of
electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) will
become a critical element of city and town
planning and designing from a master plan for
site-specific installation.
EVSE is a new infrastructure typology. Unlike
traditional fueling stations for gas engine
vehicles, EVSE lets drivers charge up at home,
at work and countless places in between. In
fact, this is one of the central value propositions behind EVsthe ability to charge from
the grid anytime, anywhere. Estimates suggest that approximately 80%90% of charging
occurs at home, and nearly all of those homes
are of the single-family variety. These design
guidelines focus on the other 10%20%
of chargingmulti-unit dwellings; publiclyaccessible locations such as downtown lots,
on-street spaces, and highway stops; and
private locations including offices and fleet
depotswhich are critical to establishing a full
network of charging options. Expanding the
infrastructure network will help make EVs a viable option for all drivers, even those without
garages. The benefits come from extended
infrastructure networks that are consistent,
accessible and easy to use from place to
place. EVSE deployment depends on cooperation, a process in which municipalities, the
development community and the EV industry
will all play leading roles.
The purpose of these design guidelines is to
identify and diagram key siting and design
issues that are relevant to local governments
as well as developers, homeowners, businesses, utility providers and other organizations interested in best practices for EVSE
implementation.
The guidelines are organized into two main

sections.
ELEMENTS OF SITE DESIGN
Site-level planning creates the user and public
interface for EV charging. Critical factors in
early EVSE deployment include the following:
Accessibility and ease of use
Visibility
Safety for installers, users and the public
The guidelines explore communication
networks, connection to the grid and user
interface, as well as considerations that range
from the parking spot up to the urban scale.
Every site is unique. These guidelines set
out a framework for analyzing site conditions, typical issues and for locating additional
resources.
INSTALLATION SCENARIOS
These guidelines present analysis and site
design solutions that approach these considerations from the perspective of installation scenarios. Surface lots, on-street parking, parking
decks or garages, in-transit and trucking
applications comprise the primary installation
scenarios that, collectively, cover a majority of
potential EVSE applications.
Siting and installation of EVSE will depend
on a number of considerations, including:
proximity to power supply, parking space size
and orientation, pedestrian traffic, lighting and
visibility. Many of these considerations are
not yet standardized in terms of functionality,
and others fall outside the realm of the standards and codes system, such as aesthetics.
Each EVSE installation will be different, so
these guidelines takes the important step of
establishing baseline considerations that are
predicated on a typology of sites.
CHARGING BASICS
EVSE COMPONENTS
EVSE delivers electrical energy from the
power source to the EV, and ensures that
an appropriate and safe flow of electricity
is supplied to the vehicle. EVSE is the main
interface between user, vehicle and utility.
BATTERIES
Most EVs use lithium-ion batteries for their
relatively good power performance, energy
storage density, rapid charge capability and
long life span. The size and energy density of
batteries will greatly impact the future of EV
range, functionality and consumer cost. As
storage capacity increasesand as battery
size and weight decreasecharging times
and driving distance will change according to
new technology.
CHARGING STATION
There are currently three categories of
charging stations, which correspond to
the three levels of charge detailed in the
diagram on the following page. The charging
station acts as the point of transfer from
grid to vehicle, and for level 2 and up
contains network communications, utility
communications and monitoring, payment
interface and, oftentimes, user information
opportunities, such as advertising screens.
The majority of the charging operation actually
occurs inside the vehicles on-board charger,
where the conversion from alternating current
(AC) to direct current (DC) takes place at
charging levels 1 and 2, and the battery charge
is regulated.
CONNECTORS AND CORD SETS

Most EVs and EVSE use the Society
of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1772
connector and receptacle that is standard
for both level 1 and 2 charging equipment.
Nearly all EVs come equipped with a
portable level 1 cord that can plug into a
typical wall outlet.
Standardization in this area is an ongoing
issue for DC fast charging. Almost all current
DC fast charge EVSE in the US use the
CHAdeMO connector, developed in Japan
and used by Japanese EVs like the Nissan
LEAF and Mitsubishi iMiEV, allows vehicles
to connect to DC fast chargers. In October
2012 the SAE finalized the standard for a
hybrid connector, which allows all charging
to occur through a single receptacle on
the EV. American auto manufacturers are
expected to begin installing in vehicles
beginning in 2013.
The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires
that cords be no longer than 25 feet, unless
the charging station is equipped with a
retraction or other cord control device.
However, experienced installers recommend
site design that will require no more than 3-5
feet of cord distance from vehicle to charging
station or outlet to minimize tripping hazards.
IMAGE 1. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT: J1772 CONNECTOR AND J1772 DC FAST CHARGER
(DCFC) COMBO CONNECTOR
LEVELS OF CHARGE: DIAGRAMS AND ATTRIBUTES
820+
HOURS
CHARGE
TIME
LEVEL 1
LVL 1
120V AC
(12 [amperage] amps)
ATTRIBUTES:
A standard outlet can potentially fully recharge an EV battery in 812 hours,
though larger batteries, such as on the Tesla Model S, would require between
1 and 2 days
This level is often sufficient for overnight, home charging
Standard outlets can also provide an option for peace of mind charging using
onboard equipment on the go
Uses standard J1772 coupler
In-vehicle power conversion
LEVEL 2
LVL 2
240V AC
(1530
amps)
ATTRIBUTES:
Free-standing or hanging charging station units mediate the connection
between power outlets and vehicles
Requires installation of charging equipment and often a dedicated 2080 amp
circuit, and may require utility upgrades
Well-suited for inside and outside locations, where cars park for only several
hours at a time, or when homeowners seek added flexibility of use and a faster
recharge
The public charging network will comprise primarily level 2 charging stations
Public context requires additional design features, such as payment and
provider network interfaces or reservation systems
Uses standard J1772 coupler
In-vehicle power conversion, charging speed limited by the onboard charger
DC FAST CHARGE
480
600V
DC
FAST
CHARGER
(120 amps)
48
HOURS
CHARGE
TIME
30
MINUTES
CHARGE
TIME
ATTRIBUTES
Free-standing units, often higher profile
Enable rapid charging of EV battery to 80% capacity in as little as 30 minutes
Electrical conversion occurs in EVSE unit itself
Relatively high cost compared to level 2 chargers, but new units on the market
are more competitively priced
Draws large amounts of electrical current, requires utility upgrades and
dedicated circuits
Beneficial in heavy-use transit corridors or public fueling stations
Standard J1772 combo coupler approved in October 2012
SITE SELECTION
AND DESIGN
SITE SELECTION
Site Selection
Connection to Power
Networks and
Communications
Existing Infrastructure
EVSE Interfaces
Selecting a site for EVSE installation will

likely require consideration of a combination
of factors. While every site is unique and
every EVSE host has priorities for installation,
common physical elements characterize every
EVSE site design.
a drivers charge is complete. Complications

for network connections arise in garages,
where repeaters may need to be installed in
order to guarantee network signals. Potential
installation sites should be assessed for their
network connection ability.
Site Design Elements

Installation
Access
Operation
CONNECTION TO POWER
When installing EVSE or EVSE-ready wiring, a
dedicated circuit may be required or optimal.
This can be added to an existing panel, or
planned for in new construction. Dedicated
circuits may require a new conduit, in addition
to the conduit running from the panel to the
EVSEs location. Costs rise as cable length
increases due to the installation costs of
construction and trenching. Experienced
installers recommend not exceeding 25 feet
of conduit from panel to EVSE site, but this
will vary widely.
EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
Construction costs are the number one driver
of added expense for EVSE, and the cost
differential depends on the work required.
Existing elements such as landscaping,
walkways, curb cuts and other structural
elements should be considered in an EVSE
site plan. These elements add costs for
removal or relocation, in addition to acting
as barriers to accessible charging. Trenching,
curb cuts and drilling through hardscaping
or structural elements to add new conduits
to connect EVSE to power sources can also
be cost prohibitive. When possible, consider
trenching through landscaping, although
the EVSE should always be mounted on
a concrete or other hard surface pad and
protected from traffic.
Most facilities have accessible 120V circuits

sufficient to power level 1 EVSE. Level 2
charging requires 208-240 volts and at least
15-30 amps. Many jurisdictions require
or recommend a dedicated branch circuit
for level 2 charging. The existing electrical
panel in most installations, especially older
structures constructed prior to 1960, will not
have the system capacity to handle large and
continuous loads. While level 2 EVSE is similar
to other household appliances like clothes
dryers, the continuous nature of the load
may be a burden on the system. Installation
of dedicated branch circuits/new panels
may reduce safety risk and assist with peak
load management in scenarios with multiple
charging vehicles.
NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS
Most public EVSE will contain an advanced
metering system and link to a network that
tracks usage, bills customers and manages
electrical loads. Some EVSE will connect to
telecommunications networks using wi-fi,
Ethernet or cellular connections. This type
of communication is especially important
for managing user messaging and other
technology advances that regulate information
about available charging stations and when
EVSE INTERFACES
Each of the broad-based considerations
discussed above impacts planning at multiple
scales. Interfacespoints of interactionset
up actors, relationships and decision making,
determining specifics of EVSE site design
and implementation strategies. The following
sections diagram site design components
and relationships governing installation, use
and maintenance from different points of
reference, including:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Network Interface (page 6)

Urban Interface (page 8)
Power Interface (page 9)
Parking Interface (page10)
EVSE Interface (page12)
MOUNTING APPROACH
ACCESSIBILITY
PARKING SPACE LOCATION
WEATHER
SIGNAGE SPACE LOCATION
SPACE ORIENTATIONPARKING
TYPE OF ESVE
SIGNAGE
LOCATION OF PORTPARKING
ON VEHICLE
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPE OF ESVE
TECHNOLOGY
SIGNAGE
EVSE PROTECTION
TYPE OF ESVETRAFFIC
LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PEDESTRIAN
VISIBILITY
WEATHER
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PARKING SPACE LOCATION LOCATION
EVSE PROTECTION
OF PORTPEDESTRIAN
ON VEHICLE
SITE DESIGN
ELEMENTS
EVSE PROTECTION
WEATHER
CONNECTORS
SPACE SIZE TRAFFIC
SIGNAGE
CONNECTORS
SPACE SIZE
EVSE PROTECTIONLIGHTING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
CONNECTORS
INSTALLATION
ACCESS
OPERATION
MOUNTING APPROACH
LIGHTING
ACCESSIBILITY
These site design elements are considerAccessibility has many aspects and
These
LOCATION OF PORT
ONelements
VEHICLE of site design relate to
VISIBILITY
ations
for initial site planning and design.
includes wireless connections to VISIBILITY
comday-to-day use of the EVSE as well
as
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE
OF ESVE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SLOPED
PARKING SPAC
LENGTH
CHARGING
TIME
TheyOF
contribute
to
costs
and
determine
what
munications
networks,
as
well
as
access
long-term
goals
of
hosts
and
operators.
EVSE PROTECTION
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SPACE
SIZE
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
WATER
POOLING
WATER
POOLING
type of EVSE to
install.
to buildings. These
site
design
elements
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
WEATHER
METERING
relate to the user
experience.
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC TIME
LENGTH
OF CHARGING
SPACE
METERING
TYPE OFSIZE
ESVE
WATER POOLING
ACCESSIBILITY
LIGHTING
WEATHER
PARKING SPACE ORIENT
ACCESSIBILITY
CONNECTORS
TYPE
OF PARKING
ESVE
PARKINGCONNECTION
SPACE ORIENTATION
SLOPED
SPACES
HOST-OPERATOR
AGREEMENTS
CHARGE
NETWORK
WEATHER
TECHNOLOGY
TYPE OFLEVEL
ESVE
VISIBILITY
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
TECHNOLOGY
MOUNTING APPROACH
CONNECTORS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PARKING
SPACE
LOCAT
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
METERING
VISIBILITY
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
MOUNTING
APPROACH
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
MOUNTING APPROACH
CONNECTORS
SIGNAGEPOOLING WEATHER
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
VISIBILITY
WATER
PROXIMITY
TO
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TOPOWER
POWER SOURCE
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURCE
CONNECTORS
PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION
SIGNAGE
MOUNTING APPROACH
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE OF ESVE
LOCATION
PORT
ON
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME OFTO
TECHNOLOGY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PROXIMITY
POWER
ACCESSIBILITY
LOCATION OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
VISIBILITY
EVSE PROTECTION
TYPE
OF ESVE
LIGHTING
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TO TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC
LOCATION
IN LOTLOCATION
CHARGING
TIME
TYPE
OFOF
ESVE
ACCESSIBILITY
PEDESTRIAN
PARKING
SPACE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
EVSE PROTECTIONLENGTH
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
LENGTHSIZE
OF CHARGING TIME
SPACE
WATER POOLING
TYPE
OF ESVE
WATER POOLING
SIGNAGE
CONNECTORS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY TO ELEVAT
ACCESSIBILITY
SIZE
PROXIMITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PEDESTRIAN
LOCATION
PORTSPACE
ON VEHICLE
PROXIMITY
BUILDING
PROXIMITYTOTOBUILDING
BUILDING
METERING
CONNECTORS
NUMBER
OFTO
CORD
SETS
CONNECTORS
METERING OFTRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURCE
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
ENTRANCE
LIGHTING
EVSE
TYPE OF ESVE
ENTRANCE
ENTRANCE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
EVSE PROTECTION
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY TO BUILDIN
EVSE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME
ENTRANCE
WATER POOLING SPACE
SIZE TRAFFIC
PEDESTRIAN
SLOPED
PARKING SPAC
WEATHER
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TECHNOLOGY
PARKING
SPACE
DIMENSIONS
LENGTH
OF
STAY
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
LIGHTING
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
!
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
METERING
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURCE
WATER POOLING
!
PROXIMITY TO POWER SOURCE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WATER POOLING PARKING
SLOPED
PARKING EVSE
SPACES
SPACE ORIENT
SPACE SIZE
SIGNAGE
VISIBILITY
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
ENVIRONMENTAL
EVSE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
LIGHTING
FUTURE-PROOFING
LIGHTING
WEATHER
VISIBILITY
MOUNTING
APPROACH
TECHNOLOGY
METERING
CONDITIONS
ENTRANCE
PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR
MOUNTING APPROACH
WEATHER
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
WATER POOLING
PARKING
SPACE LOCAT
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATION
EVSE
SLOPED PARKING
SPAC
EVSE PROTECTION
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
SIGNAGE
AND WAYFINDING
SIGNAGE
VISIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
METERING
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE
TYPE OF ESVE PROXIMITY TO BUILDING
VISIBILITY
BUILDING
EVSE
PROXIMITY TO POWER
ENTRANCE
TYPE OF
ESVE
PARKING
SPACE LOCATION
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON
! SOURCE
MOUNTING APPROACH
PARKING SPACE
ORIEN
ENTRANCE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
SOURCE
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
SIGNAGE
EVSE
PROTECTION
HAZARDS
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
TECHNOLOGY
ACCESSIBILITY
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
!
EVSE
!
CONNECTORS
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON VEHICLE
PARKING SPACE LOCAT
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
SOURCE
EVSE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE OF ESVE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
EVSE
SIGNAGE
EVSE
PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
ENTRANCE
EVSE
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
EVSE
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME TO BUILDING
LOCATION OF PORT ON
WATER POOLING 5
ENTRANCE
SITING
AND
DESIGN
GUIDELINES
FOR
ELECTRIC
VEHICLE SUPPLY
EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
PROXIMITY TO ELEVATOR PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
EVSE
CONNECTORS
WATER
POOLING
EVSE
PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WEATHER
ENTRANCE
MOUNTING APPROACH
SIGNAGE
METERING
ACCESSIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
SPECIFICATIONS
SITE
CONDITIONS
SITE
CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDIT
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
PARKING CONDITIONSEVSE SPECIFICATIONS
IONAL ELEMENTS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
PARKING
CONDITIONSSITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
PARKING CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDIT
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
PARKING CONDITIONSSITE CONDITIONS

ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDIT
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE
CONDITIONS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
1) NETWORK INTERFACE
Many EVSE and EV manufacturers include onboard or on-unit technology enabling network
communications and metering. Networks help
maximize drivers access to EVSE by providing
a mechanism through which drivers can most
efficiently locate and cycle through EVSE
parking spaces.
Car to parking spot communication occurs
through cellular network communication,
alerting drivers to charging space locations
in public areas through on-vehicle systems
or smart phone apps. Developments on the
horizon include built-in sensors that help
determine if spaces are free.
Consumer to charging network
communication enables payment for
publicly-accessible EVSE. Public EVSE will
need to track usage and potentially bill
consumers by charging network, typically
connecting to back-office billing software.
Such communications will involve an ongoing
evolution of business models; currently,
most networks require members to swipe an
access card that links charging to an account.
Not all networks are yet compatible across
charging platforms, but innovation in the area
of communications will ultimately improve
overall efficiency and ease of use.
EVSE to utility communication can enable
better service, even adapting the rate of flow
of electrical current to the unit, such as at
times when grid loads are highand when
rates peak.
In each of these communications areas, data

collection will improve systems and let us
learn more about EV charging demand.
PHYSICAL NETWORKS
EVSE is connected via physical road and
highway networks, and electrified corridors
extend the effective battery range of an EV.
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
Networks can help mitigate emerging issues
in the EV driver community. Systems like
alerts and other communication-based
approaches can help ensure more efficient
access to and use of publicly-accessible EVSE
charging spaces.
Network-based communication and
community enforcement may help to avoid
regulatory enforcementa more costly
approach for local jurisdictions responsible
for ticketing and towing. As an alternative to
enforcing parking ordinances, networks can
disincentivize prolonged parking by charging
for time in addition to electricity, where
allowed.
NETWORKED COMMUNICATIONS
1) EV to parking space sensor
2) EV to EVSE
3) EVSE to grid
4) Consumer to payment network
5) Consumer to vehicle
6) EVSE to host/operator
FIGURE 1.
EXAMPLE CELLULAR APPLICATION INTERFACE
AVAILABILITY
VACANT
METERING
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
Charging
networks are currently
experimenting with options. It is widely
agreed that a common platform for
communication will be via smart phones, in
addition
to built-in vehicle technology.
SIGNAGE
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
FIGURE 2. NETWORKED PATHWAY TO A FULL CHARGE

THIS DIAGRAM FOLLOWS THE PATH OF ONE VEHICLE FROM
A LOW BATTERY ALERT TO THE LOCATION OF A CHARGING
STATION. ALSO SHOWN IS THE PARKED CAR CONNECTING
TO THE CHARGING NETWORK AND THE UTILITY COMPANY
THROUGH WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS.

PARKING
CONDITIONS
This type of technology depends on network

access in all locations. Hardwiring and
wireless
network connections may require
LIGHTING
special
to bring these networks to
EVSEequipment
PROTECTION
remote or indoor scenarios.
METERING
Most
EVSE have integrated payment
METERING
technologies. Whether in residential or public
locations, EVSE will need to communicate
with the utility grid in order to measure and
meter electricty used.
SPACE
SIZEOF PORT ON VEHICLE
LOCATION
SLOPED PARKING SPACES
SITE CONDITIONS
TECHNOLOGY
WEATHER
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SIGNAGE
VISIBILITY
MOUNTING APPROACH
EVSE PROTECTION
100%
TYPE OF ESVE
SITE CONDITIONS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
WEATHER
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
MOUNTING APPROACH
TYPE OF ESVE LOW
CONNECTORS
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
WATER POOLING
VACANT
ACCESSIBILITY
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PARKING
CONDITIONS
VISIBILITY
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
2) URBAN
INTERFACE
SPACE SIZE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ACCESSIBILITY
LENGTH
TIMEthe larger-scale systems
The urban interface
of OF
theCHARGING
EVSE includes
and patterns that
relatePARKING
to traffic,SPACES
frequency of EVSE use and accesSLOPED
sibility, as well as the fine-grained details of how the EVSE and EV
driver interact with the streetscape. Placement of EVSE with respect
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIChost priorities. From an owner or
to building frontage
demonstrates
host perspective, the urban scale includes location choice and the
SPACE
ORIENTATION
management PARKING
of the EVSE
and parking
space. The urban interface
considers functional and aesthetic aspects of site design.
PARKING CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
LIGHTING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR

User
visibility begins with wayfinding systems that
SIGNAGE
PROXIMITY
TO and
POWER
provide
consistent
clearSOURCE
signage to direct EV drivers
to parking spaces. Signage should have a hierarchy,
helping to direct drivers and organize the EVSE
infrastructure network at the urban scale. Consistency
WEATHER
PROTECTION
andEVSE
visibility
of signage throughout a city, state or region
ELEVATOR
can PROXIMITY
help drivers TO
locate
EVSE regardless of network
access.
SITE CONDITIONS
!
EVSE
ON-STREET
SPACE
SIZE TRAFFIC
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOURCE
WATER POOLING
PROXIMITY
TO TRAFFIC
METERING
Physical
proximity to heavy traffic use may be positive
(highLOCATION
traffic volume)
or negative
(difficult to install onOF PORT
ON VEHICLE
street EVSE). Large-scale traffic patterns and counts
determine viability of locations for most commercial
operations,
and TRAFFIC
such analytics may be used for EVSE
TECHNOLOGY
ON-STREET
location choice.
EVSE
WATER POOLING
PROXIMITY
VISIBILITYTO BUILDING ENTRANCE
PROXIMITY
TOEVSE
BUILDING
Placement
of the
determines its visibility and
accessibility,
typically
with respect to priority parking
ENTRANCE
spacesthose that are located a short distance from
building entrances. EVSE hosts that choose to highlight
the ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE through prominent placement may incur higher
installation costs, due to increased distance from panels.
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
ENTRANCE
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE PEDESTRIAN
SPECIFICATIONS
TRAFFIC
HighPEDESTRIAN
traffic areas TRAFFIC
offer visibility and challenges. EVSE and
cord sets should not interfere with pedestrian routes;
MOUNTING
APPROACH
charging
stations
should not be placed in a location that
would cause a cord to be a tripping hazard. Pedestrian
paths relate to site planning and design of parking lots,
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
garages
and other places. EVSE site choices should
consider building entry ways, pathways, street crossings
and meeting points so as not to impede pedestrians.
TYPE OF ESVE
WATER POOLING
CONNECTORS
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
WEATHER
MANAGEMENT OF SPACE
At theVISIBILITY
urban scale, EVSE hosts or owners (e.g., garage managers,
retail chain stores, transportation authorities) are responsible for
managing the use and maintenance of the EVSE and parking space.
On-site relationships are very important to user experience (accessibility or charge network access, for example). EVSE locations and
amenities
depend on the motivation of EVSE hosts. Green branding
ACCESSIBILITY
or points for the U.S. Green Building Councils LEED certification,
providing customer amenities, and a companys sustainability mission are all examples of factors that determine whether a parking
operator chooses to host EVSE and where within the lot these are
located.
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
WATER POOLING
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
3) POWER INTERFACE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
MOUNTING APPROACH
The ability to connect to a power source is the top priority for EVSE site
designwithout power, there is no charge. The EVSEs connection to
both vehicle and power source occurs across boundaries of ownership
and management and includes both the public and private sectors.
There is a potentially complex set of relationships and costs, with different aspects of the power connection occurring in one or both of two
areas: the public realm, including the public right-of-way, and the private
space. These relationships have physical and business implications.
Installing
the EVSE
close to
the required
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOURCE
power source reduces the need for cutting,
trenching and drilling to add new conduits
LIGHTING
to reach
the EVSE. Additionally, the cost of
TYPE OFcan
ESVE
installation
be reduced if the existing
conduit
has adequate
capacity for EVSE.
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
METERING
Separate
or sub-metering allows electricity
METERING
used
by EVSE to be isolated from the rest of
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
a building
or structures
energy usage, though
distinguishing
ENTRANCE usage between multiple cords
of an EVSE can only be accomplished by the
TECHNOLOGY
EVSE
itself. For locations with multiple EVSE,
it is best practice to separately meter each.
Smart meters, through a network connection
to the utility, help users and utilities to balance
electrical
use across peak energy times.
SIGNAGE
ELECTRICAL CAPACITY
Connecting EVSE to a power source will require evaluation of existing electrical capacity.EVSE
This has two parts: the electrical system at the
location of the EVSE installation, and the capacity of neighborhood systems to support many EVs charging at once. Electrical cabinets, panels
and circuitry will need to accommodate the anticipated additional load.
Some municipalities, such as Vancouver, Canada, have used their building codes to require that new construction allow sufficient space within
electrical rooms for panels and other equipment required to increase
capacity in the future.EVSE
Utilities will be at the center of discussions of capacity. In addition to

ensuring safety where EVSE is installed, utilities are concerned with
overloading local transformers. Jurisdictions such as Maryland have
passed legislation that allows for the disclosure of EV owner data to
utilities, enabling them to plan for neighborhood power needs.
HOST-OPERATOR AGREEMENTS
Different ownership and management structures will determine the degree of difficulty
EVSE PROTECTION
associated
with accessing power supply,
running conduit and maintaining EVSE. The
relationship of owners and operators is critical, as different business models will place
different requirements on navigating these
relationships. The utility will work with the
host or operator to bring the power connection to the site.
CONSTRUCTION COST
The cost differential for EVSE installation is represented by the power
interface. Considering a sites power sources and capacity will help plan
for lower-cost installations that require less physical construction.
MANAGEMENT IN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE
FIGURE 3.
ZONES OF OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
IN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN
THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN
INCLUDES ALL CHARGING-RELATED EQUIPMENT FROM THE COUPLER THAT CONNECTS
THE CHARGER TO THE VEHICLE TO THE
ELECTRICAL PANEL AND CONDUIT THAT
CONNECTS THE CHARGING STATION TO THE
UTILITY GRID. THE OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT OF EACH AREA THAT THE EVSE
CONNECTS TO WILL REQUIRE CONSULTATION
AND POSSIBLE PARTNERSHIP TO INSTALL
CHARGING EQUIPMENT.
!
EVSE
VEHICLE
POWER
INTERFACE
MOUNTING APPROACH
ELECTRICAL
CLOSET
TYPE OF ESVE
LANDLORD
CONNECTORS
UTILITY
PARKING
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS PARKING
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
4) PARKING INTERFACE
WAYS TO AVOID SPACE SIZE

SPACE
SIZE
TRIPPING
PARKING CONDITIONS
LIGHTING
ADDITIONAL
LIGHTING ELEMENTS
HAZARDS
With regard to parking spaces, EVs will require certain considerations above and beyond typical design approaches to parking lots
and garages. At this scale, the physical requirements take precedence but theLIGHTING
user experience must be considered. Cost-adding conMETERING
cerns are largely
addressed inMETERING
the previous section; however, design
choices such as canopies, alternative power sources and other extras
will add expense. Adding EVSE into the typically tight mix of parking
lot and garage planning may cost planners and developers some
valuable floorTECHNOLOGY
area; EVSE installation
and access can require several
TECHNOLOGY
METERING
extra square feet
of space.
SLOPED
PARKING SPACES
SPACE SIZE
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
- CAR STOPPER
PARKING
SPACEPARKING
ORIENTATION
SLOPED PARKING
SPACESSPACE ORIENTATION
SPACE LOCATION
PARKING SPACEPARKING
LOCATION
ORIENTATION
For safety, extra care in general should be given to placement of

electrical equipment in areas that will experience extreme weather
SIGNAGE
or pooling of water.
TECHNOLOGY SIGNAGE
- BOLLARD
PARKING CONDITIONS
LOCATION
OF PORT ON VEHICLE
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
PARKING SPACE
LOCATION

EVSE
PROTECTION
SIGNAGE
SPACE
SIZEto the
EVSE
PROTECTION
Guiding
a car
space
is one function of signage,
but the parking interface requires clear markings that
designate the space for EVSE charging only. Markings
appearing on the ground similar to striped spaces
(reserved for handicapped parking) as well as on vertical
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
EVSE
PROTECTION
surfaces
should
be used.
LOCATION
OF PORT ON VEHICLE
- ELEVATED
CONNECTOR
MOUNTING
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING SPACE SIZE

In addition
standard
parking space considerations,
PARKINGtoSPACE
ORIENTATION
when siting EVSE, the charging equipment must not
interfere with passenger loading and unloading nor
impact adjacent traffic.
WEATHER
WEATHER
SITE
CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
FIGURE 4.
EVSE PROTECTION
WHEEL STOPS AND BOLLARDS OFFER PROTECTION OF THE EVSE FROM
TRAFFIC INCIDENT, AND CAN ALSO SERVE TO BLOCK PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
FROM TRIPPING HAZARDS. COST AND SPACE WILL DETERMINE WHAT TYPE,
IF ANY EVSE PROTECTION IS SUITABLE. WALL-MOUNTED BARRIERS AND
SETBACKS ARE OTHER PROTECTION OPTIONS.
MOUNTING APPROACH
Site
design willAPPROACH
specify
a mounting
approach. Choice of
MOUNTING
APPROACH
MOUNTING
EVSE unit design will allow site planners to save space
by choosing a configuration that maximizes square footLOCATION
OF PORT ON VEHICLE
age:
wall- or ceiling-mounted
products will be appropriate where floor area is at a premium, while charging
stations
with multiple
cord sets will enable one unit to
MOUNTING
APPROACH
serve
TYPE OF ESVE
TYPEmultiple
OF ESVEspaces.
WEATHER
VISIBILITY
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
ACCESSIBILITY
SITE CONDITIONS
LENGTHTIME
OF CHARGING TIME
LENGTH OF CHARGING
VISIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
necessary to create spaces and routes that

VISIBILITY ItareisACCESSIBILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
safe and accessible to drivers of all physical
PARKING CONDITIONS
abilities. In general, EV drivers spend more
LIGHTING
Visibility
is critical for EV driver safety and helps to deter
LIGHTING
vandalism
ofESVE
the equipment. Most parking facilities are
TYPE
OF
CONNECTORS
CONNECTORS
designed
with lighting that is suitable for EVSE installations. Dim lights or cables can create tripping hazards.
Lighting upgrades (such as to more sustainable fluorescent
lamps) may also present an opportunity to extend
WEATHER
METERING
wiring
for EVSE installation.
CONNECTORS
10
VISIBILITY
time than usual maneuvering around a parking

space in order to connect and disconnect from
the PEDESTRIAN
EVSE. Accessibility
strategies should seek
SPACE
SIZE
TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
PEDESTRIAN
toTRAFFIC
limit tripping hazards and minimize liability
concerns. Accessibility is also about Americans
With Disabilities Act (ADA)-compatible designs
and space designation. Wheelchair accessible EV
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
charging
needs a free path from the space to the
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
building entrance. Standards are being considered
to determine how many, if any, EVSE spaces in a
lot should be ADA-accessible.
POOLING
WATER
PARKINGPOOLING
SPACEWATER
ORIENTATION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PARKINGPOOLING
SPACE LOCATION
WATER
FIGURE 6.
PARKING SPACE CONSIDERATIONS FOR
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBILITY
THE GROUND SURFACE SHOULD BE FIRM, LEVEL, AND
HAVE A SLOPE NO MORE THAN 2% IN ANY DIRECTION
36 MINIMUM
CLEARANCE
36 MINIMUM
CLEARANCE
FIGURE 5.
STANDARD PARKING SPACE CONSIDERATIONS
MORE THAN TYPICAL SPACE IS REQUIRED IN ORDER
TO ENSURE SAFE AND EASY MOVEMENT AROUND THE
CHARGING STATION.
18 MINIMUM
18 MINIMUM
FIGURE 7.
POSSIBLE VARIATIONS FOR
WHEELCHAIR ACCESSIBLE EVSE
CHARGING SPACES
9 MINIMUM
9 MINIMUM
5 MINIMUM
4.
=
FIGURE 8.
MULTI-DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSIBILITY
VERTICAL SIGNAGE (SEE SECTION ON SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING FOR
MORE DETAIL) SHOULD DESIGNATE WHETHER EVSE IS WHEELCHAIRACCESSIBLE. THE GROUND SURFACE SHOULD BE FIRM, LEVEL, AND HAVE A
SLOPE NO MORE THAN 2% IN ANY DIRECTION
.4
.3
.2
2% SLOPE
1.
.1
2.
11
3.
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE PROTECTION
5) EVSE INTERFACE
THE CHARGING EXPERIENCE

Most EVSE is equipped with touch screens and video capability, providing a forum for user information, ranging from communicating EV
driver account details to local news content. Branding also plays a role
in bringing information to drivers. The user experience at the EVSE
site presents branding opportunities for the EVSE hosts, installers, or
partners purposes.
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
MOUNTING APPROACH
APPROACH
SITE MOUNTING
CONDITIONS
Site
design will APPROACH
specify a mounting approach,
MOUNTING
which will affect users interaction with the
EVSE.
EVSE
models should be chosen to
TYPE
OF ESVE
allow
users easy access to the electric cord
WEATHER
and EVSE interface.
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE OF ESVE
NUMBER OF CONNECTORS
TheCONNECTORS
method of coupling the EV to the charger
VISIBILITY
impacts
placement at the site and ease-of-use
for EV drivers.
At the scale of the vehicle, the interface connecting the EV and the
EV driver to the charging station highlights the final group of site
design considerations.
MOUNTING APPROACH
The EVSE interface presents design challenges for several key exchanges:
1) Physical interface of the technical components
2) Human and technology interface
TYPE OF ESVE
CONNECTORS
ADDITIONAL
ACCESSIBILITY ELEMENTS
LENGTH
CHARGING
TIMErefers to the
At the
EVSE OF
scale,
accessibility
ACCESSIBILITY
ability of the EV driver
to comfortably and
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
safely plug in and access any on-screen or
other controls on the EVSE unit. The location

LENGTH
OF CHARGING
TIME to the EVSE
LIGHTING
of the
on-vehicle
inlet to connect
coupler
presents TRAFFIC
an accessibility issue for EV
PEDESTRIAN
drivers
at this scale. As a rule of thumb, EVSE
LIGHTING
should be located in the first 1/3 of a parking
space, preferably directly ahead, to allow
drivers
to plug in with minimal draping of the
METERING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
cord.
CONNECTORS
METERING
TECHNOLOGY
Communications
systems linking the EV to
TECHNOLOGY
WATER POOLING
the EVSE via sensors (such as those that
detect
the presence of the vehicle and can
TECHNOLOGY
indicate that the space is occupied).
FIGURE 9.
EXAMPLES OF USER INTERFACE
SIGNAGE
EVSE
AVAILABILITY
VACANT
AVAILABILITY
VACANT
EVSE PROTECTION
EVSE PROTECTION
EVSE
EVSE
EVSE
CHARGING
COMPLETE
YOU WILL BE
CHARGED:
CHARGING
COMPLETE
3%
100%
YOU WILL BE
$4.25
CHARGED:
3%
100%
$4.25
!
12
EVSE
SIGNAGE
ANDTRAFFIC
WAYFINDING
ON-STREET
Signage
indicating parking information and
SIGNAGE
directions on how to operate the EVSE completes the signage hierarchy.
EVSE
PROXIMITY TO BUILDING
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
ENTRANCE
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
MOUNTING APPROACH
MOUNTING APPROACH
09/06/12
3:45 PM
82 F
3%
[SPONSORED ADVERTISEMENT]
30
36
TH
ID
EP
TH
09/06/12
4:02 PM
82 F
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DISTANCE TRAVELED ON
OUR NETWORK:
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MOUNT CONNECTOR
BETWEEN
36 AND 48
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82 F
LOCATION
OF CORD
100%
THANK YOU FOR CHARGING

YOUR VEHICLE WITH US!
YOU WILL BE CHARGED:
$4.25
FIGURE 10.
EVSE CLEARANCE DIMENSIONS
THE RECOMMENDED CLEARANCE WIDTH
AND HEIGHT FOR EVSE ARE FROM THE
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE 2008 EDITION.
13
SIGNAGE AND
WAYFINDING
Regulatory
Wayfinding
Signage designates EV parking spaces and

helps EV drivers locate charging stations.
Regulatory signage designates a space and
restrictions regarding its use, while wayfinding
signage directs drivers to charging stations;
both should be provided in a consistent and
accessible style.
Regulatory signs indicate who may park in

a designated location. Common examples
of regulatory include handicapped parking
designations, curb striping, no parking
or permit-only signs. Regulations can be
communicated through wording or design,
The United States Department of
such as through the color. A report on EVSE
Transportation Federal Highway Administration signage written by ECOtality for the EV
publishes a guide, Manual of Uniform
Project recommends a combination of visual
Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) that sets
and written cues. These would include both
signage standards used by road managers
an EV symbol and regulatory instructions. A
nationwide on all public and private roads.
symbol and wording, such as Electric Vehicle
Local regulations also come into play. Local
Charging Only, can be used in combination.
jurisdictions, property owners and parking
managers will have preferences for look and
Vertical or pole-mounted signage is the most
function of signs. For EVSE, the goal should
standard (please reference the following page
be clarity and consistency, particularly in the
for examples). Pavement markings, similar to
early stages of the sectors development. A
those used at handicapped-accessible parking
common visual identity will reduce confusion spots, can also be used for clear designation
and increase public awareness of EVSE.
of EV parking spaces. For handicappedaccessible EV parking spots, additional
It is important for local jurisdictions and
pavement markings can indicate ADA routes
designers to note that any deviance from
that must be kept clear. See page 11 for
MUTCD regulations requires approval under
several possibilities for designating handicapthe experimentations waiver. Overall
accessible EV charging spaces.
regulations applicable to EV charging
designation signage include color and
Other regulations, such as the length of
placement hierarchy. The examples of signage parking if the electricity is provided with
offered in these guidelines are intended to
the cost of parking, can be indicated. Signs
be illustrative. Jurisdictions and designers
associated with DC fast chargers should
will need to ensure their signs and systems
indicate a time limit of up to one hour, for
comply with any applicable regulations.
example. This is one example of how signage
FIGURE 11.
PAVEMENT MARKINGS
EFFECTIVE WAYS OF CLEARLY
DESIGNATING SPACES FOR
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING.
14
REGULATORY
FIGURE 12.
WALL MARKINGS
PARKING GARAGES OFFER MANY
SURFACES FOR SIGNAGE TO BE
ATTACHED OR PAINTED.
FIGURE 13.
WAYFINDING SIGNAGE
DIRECTS DRIVERS TO EV CHARGING
STATIONS AND CAN INDICATE WHAT
TYPE OF EVSE IS AVAILABLE.
can work with local parking management

strategies to establish clear expectations for
EV and non-EV drivers. Time limits will also
include the participation of local authorities or
parking managers to enforce the regulations
established on the sign.
Information on the charging station should
also indicate voltage and amp levels and any
fees or safety information. Electrical codes will
ask hosts to indicate the date of installation,
equipment type and model and owner contact
information on the EVSE.
WAYFINDING
Wayfinding describes a system of signs that
do just thathelp people find their way. In the
case of EVSE, wayfinding systems will direct
drivers to EVSE locations. These signs can
be located on adjacent streets, access points
to parking areas and highways. Pavement
markings can also offer additional guidance
and point drivers to the exact spaces. It may
also be beneficial to drivers if signs indicate
the level of charging available.
The MUTCD provides guidelines for
developing wayfinding signage systems.
Community wayfinding signs have a lower
placement priority than other guide signs.
MUTCD also suggests that color coding
can be an effective way to differentiate
between different types of destinations.
Where wayfinding signs can be installed

will be an area of potential contention for
EVSE. At present, community wayfinding
signs cannot be installed on freeway or
expressway main lines or ramps. Nor
can they be used to designate primary
destinations. Recognizing the need to
connect a decentralized infrastructure
system, moving forward, it will be
necessary for communities and for the
Federal Highway Administration to consider
what type of destination an EV charging
station is, and whether EV charging station
locations can be indicated to drivers en
route along major highways.
COLOR AND SYMBOLS
Currently, a variety of symbols, colors
and wording are used for EVSE and the
associated regulations. As such, signs can
be extremely confusing and may result
in non-EV drivers unintentionally using
these spaces. Color choice also poses
a communication problem. Blue is often
mistaken for accessibility, green is mistaken
for short term parking and red is associated
with prohibited action.
the term charging to eliminate confusion

for drivers of hybrid electric vehicles, or EVs
that do not need to charge. This language
also encourages drivers to move their EV
once charging is complete. It is important to
indicate the active use of the charging station
for EVSE designated parking stalls.
INFORMATION AND ADVERTISING
The many surfaces of the EVSE can be used
to display information, such as how to use the
machine or level of power. Display screens
also may provide status information for the
user and other communications, including
advertising and branding for the EVSE host or
partners.
LANGUAGE
There is a need for clear language on
all regulatory and wayfinding signs.
No Parking Except for Electric Vehicle
Charging has been recommended to be
used on regulatory signs. Signs should use
EXCEPT FOR
VEHICLE
CHARGING
EXCEPT FOR
VEHICLE
CHARGING
EXCEPT FOR
VEHICLE
CHARGING
FIGURE 14.
EV-ONLY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES
A COMBINATION OF SYMBOL AND TEXT IS RECOMMENDED. THE TERM CHARGING SHOULD BE USED TO ENSURE
HYBRID VEHICLES DO NOT USE THE SPACES FOR PARKING. THE SELECTED ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYMBOL SHOULD BE
LARGER AND MORE PRONOUNCED THAN THE NO-PARKING SYMBOL TO AVOID CONFUSING MESSAGES.
15
INSTALLATION
CONTEXTS
Implementation
Considerations
Factors Affecting EVSE
Installation
This section is intended to illustrate basic site

design concerns and wider implementation
considerations, such as the motivations of the
EVSE installer, costs and operational issues
that are relevant to shaping EVSE deployment on a site-by-site basis. The installation
contexts described in the following pages of
this guide will place design issues in perspective. It is acknowledged that each context
shown here would include a wide degree of
site-specific variation.
IMPLEMENTATION
CONSIDERATIONS
structural, utility or electrical work. Soft costs

are incurred through the permitting, maintenance and network servicing of EVSE.
In some cases, EVSE manufacturers and
service providers will supply the EVSE unit
for free if they are in position to collect data
or fees associated with the EVSE usage. As
a result, the business models of the EVSE
manufacturing groups may have an influence
on emerging EV locations based on their ability to collect fees in certain kinds of locations.
REGULATIONS
Ordinances serve planning and permitting
purposes at the city-wide scale and are
MARKETS AND MOTIVATION
another layer of agreement for developers and
Placement of the EVSE will depend on host
EVSE hosts. Liability issues associated with
motivation. For example, green branding opportunities require prominent placement while hazards and accessibility are another regulatory concern.
the provision of EV charging for employees
might mean settling for more economically efficient locations. The hosts understanding of HOST AGREEMENTS
Tenants, such as retail operators, contract
the EVSE users at their site and the benefits
with landowners; both of these parties may
that the EVSE will provide them with will
inform decisions about their site locations and assume responsibility for EVSE-related costs,
but landlords will likely assume liability for the
expenditures.
EVSE. Owners, tenants, developers, parking lot operators and EVSE networks may be
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
operators of the EVSE.
The capital outlay associated with EVSE
includes the purchase of the unit and the
construction costs associated with trenching,
COMMERCIAL LOT
16
2
MULTI-UNIT
RESIDENTIAL
OPERATIONS
LEGAL
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
MARKET
ANALYSIS
FACTORS AFFECTING EVSE INSTALLATION

TARGET MARKETS
What are the hosts motivations and goals for EVSE installation?
DEMAND
How does anticipated use determine the scope of work for charging stations and EVSE-ready sites?
HOST LOCATION
Does the retail, commercial or residential location affect the rate of use?
EVSE COST
Will grant or program funding be available? What is the marginal cost of additional EVSE?
CONSTRUCTION
Is trenching or other heavy work required?
SERVICE UPGRADE
What is the cost of a service upgrade? How does this impact location?
MAINTENANCE
What will annual upkeep cost?
REVENUE
What business model is most appropriate for recuperating the hosts or networks capital outlay?
FISCAL IMPACTS
What costs and benefits are associated with public or government-installed EVSE?
REGULATIONS
What codes and ordinances apply to the site, construction and electrical installation?
LAND USE
Are there any local barriers to where EVSE can be installed?
LIABILITY
What entity takes responsibility for any necessary insurance or other liability measures?
TERMS
What agreements and contracts are necessary or advisable to install and operate EVSE?
MANAGEMENT
What entity (host/site owner/network/municipality) will operate and maintain the EVSE?
UTILITY
What upgrades to service, conduit installation, and metering are needed?
EQUIPMENT
Will installation require equipment or technology upgrades beyond the charging station itself?
SCENARIOS
What alternative installation scenarios could reduce costs or increase revenue?
EXCEPT FOR
VEHICLE
CHARGING
3
ON-STREET
PARKING
4
SERVICE
STATION
FLEET
17
1) COMMERCIAL
Retailers and other commercial operators will
be among the early adopters of EVSE. For
retail and commercial parking, priority considerations may include satisfying customers,
branding the retail outlet or serving employees. The outcomes for the decisions about
site location and design will vary depending on
the key host motivations. The chart on page 19
associates the EVSE decision-making process
for commercial parking lots with iconography
describing the relevant site design elements.
36
CL MIN
EA IM
RA UM
NC
E
1) Signage is critical for finding designated

spaces within a busy lot. For large and heavily
trafficked lots, vertical signage indicating EVSE
charging is key. This type of signage should
not be used for commercial purposes, such as
branding.
1
3
2) Pedestrian safety in commercial areas is

critical. ADA requires a minimum of 36 clearance between building wall and street furniture or signage, so care should be taken not to
obstruct pathways for safety and egress.
18
MI
NI
MU
M
9
I
M
NI
MU
MI
NI
MU
4
FIGURE 15. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR A COMMERCIAL LOT
IMAGE 2. MILILANI, HI THE EVSE IS MOUNTED

ON AN EXISTING POST AS TO NOT SHORTEN
THE PARKING SPACE OR INTERFERE WITH
PEDESTRIAN ROUTES.
18
IMAGE 3. BURBANK, CA THE EVSE IS PLACED ON A

CONCRETE PAD IN EXISTING LANDSCAPING, TAKING
ADVANTAGE OF EXISTING OPEN SPACE IN FRONT OF
THE PARKING SPOT WITHOUT REDUCING SIZE.
3) Commercial operators seeking to highlight

green branding will choose to install EVSE
in prime parking spaces. Priority locations
communicate to customers the value that the
EVSE host places on sustainable business,
while incentivizing EV drivers to patronize their
store. In some locations, however, such as
hospitality businesses with long or overnight
stays or those with valet parking, it may be
more advantageous to position EVSE further
out in the lot, leaving prime spaces free for all
customers.
4) Installing EVSE in prime parking spaces
will likely add additional expenses, as these
spaces are often far from the electrical panel,
which are commonly located at the back of a
building. Trenching, running additional conduit
and replacing paving are the types of construction activities that account for the primary
expenditures associated with EVSE.
5) Placing EVSE close to the door is an incentive and an out-front location may act as an
additional deterrent to vandalism or other
damage. Care should be taken to allow sufficient room for user access, including curb
cuts, as well as methods to prevent tripping
over cords.
EVSE PROTECTION
SIGNAGE
CONNECTORS
METERING
1A) MID-LOT
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
TECHNOLOGY
APPR
LOCATIONMOUNTING
OF PORT
ON
VEH
TYPE
OF ESVE
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOU
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
METERI
WEATHER
SIGNAGE
PARKING SPACE
ORIENTAT
SITE CONDITIO
EVSE PROTECTION
PARKING
COND
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
SITE
COND
PRIORITIES
FOR
RETAIL
AND
COMMERCIAL
PARKING
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY
WATER POOLING
CONNECTORS
TYPE
OF ESVE
EVSE
LIGHTING
MOUNTING APPROACH
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONSSITE CONDITIONS
MARKET
ANALYSIS
SIGNAGE
TARGET MARKETS
HOST LOCATION
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
CONSTRUCTION
REVENUE
LEGAL
METERINGMOUNTING APPROACH
EVSE PROTECTION
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
TYPE OF ESVE
!
EVSE
LAND USE
LIABILITY
TERMS
TECHNOLOGY
MOUNTING
APPROACH
TYPE OF ESVE
CONNECTORS
SIGNAGE
TYPE OF ESVE
CONNECTORS
EVSE
FIGURE 16. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR A MID-LOT
1B) CARPORTS
EVSE
OPERATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE PROTECTION
TECHNO
SPACE SIZE
WEATHE
VISIBILITY
EVSE
PROTECTION
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
CONNECTORS
MOUNTING APPROACH
EQUIPMENT
SIGNAG
CONNECTORS
LENGTH
OF
CHAR
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
SLOPED
PARKING
ENTRANCE
WEATHER
LOCATIONACCESSIBILITY
OF PORTVISIBILI
ON VEH
ADDITIONALEVSEELPR
EVSE
PARKING
SPACE
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOUO
LENGTH
OF
CHAR
VISIBILITYPEDESTRIAN
ACCESS
TRA
!LIGHTING
EVSE
SPECIFICATIO
PARKING SPACE L
SITE CONDITIONS
OBSTACLES/HAZA
PEDEST
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE
MOUNTING APPROACH
WEATHERMETERING
LOCATION
OF POR
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
WATER
POOLING
OBSTAC
PEDESTRIAN
ENTRANCE TRAFFIC
EVSE SPEC
VISIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
TYPE
OF ESVE
WATER
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
MOUNT
ON-STREET
TRAF
EVSE
SITE CONDITION
SIGNAGE
ACCESSIBILITY
CONNECTORS
1) Mid-lot parking represents a range of opportunities.
POOLING
In some cases, such as big-box stores orWATER
shopping
TYPE OF ESVE
PROXIMITY
TO PO
! most
center locations with no building-adjacent
parking, WEATHER
mid-lot ON-STR
EVSE
spaces will be prime locations for EVSE.
The same instal- TYPE OF
EVSETRAFFIC
PROTECTION
lation can take place further from the building
entrance
as
PEDESTRIAN
EVSE
well.
PROXIM
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO EL
2) EVSE can maximize small spaces by !
being
installed
in
VISIBILITY
CONNEC
locations
accessible
to
multiple
parked
vehicles.
Wheel
MOUNTING APPROACH
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
stops protect the EVSE but may present a tripping hazard.

EVSE
3) Landscaped areas can accommodate EVSE

as well,
PROXIMITY
TOSOU
BU
PROXIMITY
TObut
POWER
PROXIM
concrete pads are necessary to anchor the device.ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE
!
EVSE
EVSE
FIGURE 17. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CARPORTS
ENTRANCELENGTH
WATER POOLING
TYPE OF ESVE 4) Canopies and carports add visibility, shelter and op-
EVSE SPECIFICA
EVSE
CONNECTORS
EVSE
portunities for signage. Price Chopper supermarkets, for

PROXIM
example, are installing canopies to designate
EVSE parkPROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
PEDESTRIAN
TRA
ing spaces, which will feature a sustainability branding
ENTRAN
campaign.
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
MOUNTING
APPRO
5) Photovoltaics are a natural fit for canopy designs.
SolarTO BUILDING
assisted EVSE enhance green marketing,PROXIMITY
and in instances
OBSTACLES/HAZA
where connections to the grid are impracticle,
there is
ENTRANCE
potential for a closed-loop setup containing
substantial
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOU
battery storage.
TYPE
OFPOOLING
ESVE
WATER
19
SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

EVSE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
1
2
FIGURE 18. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR MULTI-USE RESIDENTIAL PARKING
20
TECHNOLOGY
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE
CONDITIONS
PARKING
CONDITIONS
ELEMENTS
2)
MULTI-UNIT
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
G TIME
EVSE PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
MOUNTING
APPROACH
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON
VEHICLE
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
SIGNAGE
RESIDENTIAL
WATER POOLING
LIGHTING
WEATHER
PRIORITIES FOR MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL
PARKINGSPACE
SPACESIZE
ORIENTATION
TYPE
OF ESVE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
EVSE
PROTECTION
MARKET
ANALYSIS
ICATIONS
APPROACH
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
YE
EVSE COST
CONSTRUCTION
SERVICE UPGRADE
LEGAL
TIONS
TARGET MARKETS
DEMAND
REGULATIONS
LAND USE
TERMS
OPERATIONS
CTION
CHARGING TIME
MANAGEMENT
PARKING CONDITIO
VISIBILITY
PARKING
WEATHERSPACE LOCATION
SPACE SIZE
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDITIONS
WEATHER
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
VISIBILITY
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
METERING
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
SPACE SIZE
CONNECTORS
TYPE OF LIGHTING
ESVE
PARKING SPACE ORIENTATI
WEATHER
SITE PARKING
CONDITIONS
VISIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
TECHNOLOGY
LOCATION
OFTOPORT
ON SOURCE
VEHICLE
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
PROXIMITY
POWER
MOUNTING
APPROACH
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
METERING
CONNECTORS
LIGHTING
SIGNAGE
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
TYPE OF ESVE
TECHNOLOGY
ACCESSIBILITY
MOUNTING
LENGTH LOCATION
OFAPPROACH
CHARGING
TIME
OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
EVSE
PROTECTION
METERING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
ENTRANCE
CONNECTORS
WEATHERSIGNAGE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
WATER POOLING
LIGHTING
TECHNOLOGY
TYPE OF ESVE
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
SLOPED
PARKING SPACES
WEATHER
SPACE
SIZE
WATER POOLING
ACCESSIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
LOCATION
OF PORT ON VEHI
VISIBILITYSLOPED PARKING
SPACES
PEDESTRIAN
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC TRAFFIC
WATER POOLING
PARKING CONDITIO
PARKING SPACE
SPACE SIZE
ORIENTATION
ACCESSIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
UTILITY
LOCATION
PORT
ON VEHICLE
EQUIPMENT
IMAGE 4. PARAMUS, NJ BY MOUNTING THE
EVSE ON
ANTRAFFIC
EXISTINGOF
POST
BETWEEN
ON-STREET
SPACES, PARKING SPACE SIZES ARE MAINTAINED AND WHEEL STOPS OR BOLLARDS
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME
PARKING
SPACE LOCATION
VISIBILITY
EVSE PROTECTION
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
DO NOT NEED TO BE INSTALLED
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
SLOPEDPOOLING
PARKING SPACES
WATER
H
SIGNAGE
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
WEATHER
METERING
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOURCE
most
1) How EVSE electricity consumption
is metered
and billed
is a cenG TIMEMulti-unit residential applications are among the WEATHER
complex. While estimates presume thatWATER
up to 90%
of
tral multi-unit residential question.
Typically,
tenants or
owners
willVEHICLE
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
POOLING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ACCESSIBILITY
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATI
EV charging will occur at home, issues arise
for drivers
be billed for the electricity used in their unit; installing
split metering
ON-STREET
TOunit
BUILDING
EVSE residential
without private, off-street parking. While
parking
for parking lot electricity use and assigningPROXIMITY
usage to
the
is TRAFFIC
a
EVSE
PROTECTION
VISIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURCE
arrangements range widely and include both surface
and TECHNOLOGY
challenge.
ENTRANCE
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
structured garage parking, the scenario presented here MOUNTING APPROACH
WATER
POOLING
VISIBILITY
looks at an indoor garage. ManagementPEDESTRIAN
considerations
2)
The
location
of
EVSE
within
a
residential
garage will
involveSPACE
costs LOCATION
PARKING
TRAFFIC
WEATHER
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PPROACH
include differences in owner vs. renter-occupied
buildings
associated
with
extending
conduits
from
the
available panel or
!
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOUR
and designation of parking spaces. Developers of new
electrical room, which will be the primary consideration.
However,
SIGNAGE
ACCESSIBILITY
construction housing with parking
consider TO ELEVATORbuildings that provide EVSE space
in only theTO
most
accessible locaPROXIMITY
BUILDING
EVSE garages shouldPROXIMITY
the opportunity to add EVSE-ready wiring
tions may feel push back from residents who are not EV drivers,
EVSE at construction,
ENTRANCE
TYPE OF ESVE particularly in the early stages ofON-STREET
LOCATION OF PORT ON VEH
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
which is much less costly than retrofitting
in the ACCESSIBILITY
future
EV adoption.
TRAFFIC
VISIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURCE
when demand arises. In general, the decision
to include
E
APPROACH
PROXIMITYinTO ELEVATOR
EVSE
EVSE in a residential application will hinge on a developer/
are constructed
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
TO PROTECTION
BUILDING3) Garages have limited available space, and
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
! as an amenity toMOUNTING
resimodules, meaning that adding one or two additional spaces for EVSE
G TIMEowners choice to provide EVSE
ENTRANCE
dents.
to a plan may not be possible. Finding space within an existing layout
WATER POOLING
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC that is suitable for EVSE involvesPROXIMITY
CONNECTORS
TO POWER
SOURCE
some creativity.
Smaller
spaces like
EVSE
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
Image 4 can often accommodate chargingACCESSIBILITY
with thePROXIMITY
right mounting
TO BUILDING
EVSE
S
approach. Underutilized space near rampsVISIBILITY
or entrances
can also
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE OF ESVE
ENTRANCE
MOUNTING APPROACH often accommodate temporary EV charging.
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
4) EVSE-ready
ensure PEDESTRIAN
sufficient
space
in the
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
PROXIMITY
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME installations should
TRAFFIC
! TO BUILDING
electrical room or closet for the future inclusion of capacity,
panels
WATER
POOLING
ENTRANCE
WEATHER
ACCESSIBILITY
and, potentially, charging equipment.
HARGING TIME
CONNECTORS
WATER
POOLING
EVSETYPE
ESVE SOURCE
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
EVSE
PROXIMITY TOOF
POWER
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
21
ENTRANCE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFICTRAFFIC
VISIBILITY
ON-STREET
TIONS
ICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EXCEPT FOR
VEHICLE
CHARGING
4
5
FIGURE 19. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ON-STREET PARKING
22
PARKING SPACE
ORIENTATION
SLOPED
PARKING SPACES
TYPE OF ESVE
TECHNOLOGY
EVSE
PROTECTION
LOCATION
OF
PORT ON
VEHICLE
SPACE
SIZE
PEDESTRIA
LENGTH OFMETERING
CHARGING
TIME
ACCESSIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WATER
POOLING
LIGHTING
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PARKING SPACE
LOCATION
VISIBILITY
PROXIMITYTYPE
TO POWER
SOURCE CONNECTORS
OF ESVE
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATION
3) ON-STREET
MOUNTING
APPROACH
CONNECTORS
WEATHER
SIGNAGE
ING TIME
TECHNOLOGY
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFICOBSTACLES
WATER
POOLING
PRIORITIES FOR ON-STREET PARKING
SPACE
SIZE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
METERING
WEATHER PARKING
LOCATION
OFTRAFFIC
PORT ON
VEHICLE
ON-STREET
SPACE
LOCATION
WEATHER
ACCESSIBILI
PROXIMITYCONNECTORS
TO ELEVATOR
G
EVSE
PROTECTION
WATERSIZE
POO
TYPE OFORIENTATION
ESVE
LENGTH
OFSIGNAGE
CHARGINGVISIBILITY
TIME SPACE
PARKING
WEATHER SPACE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
MOUNTINGDEMAND
APPROACH
LIGHTING
WATER
POOLING
ON-STREETSLOPED
TRAFFIC
PARKING SPACES
HOST LOCATION
TECHNOLOGY
PROXIMITY
TO POWEROFSOURCE
VISIBILITY LOCATION
PORT ON
VEHICLE
WEATHER
PEDESTRIAN
VISIBILITY
NG MOUNTING APPROACH
MOUNTING
APPROACH
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
ENTRANCE
SLOPED PAR
EVSE PROTECTION
PARKING SPACE
LOCATION
WATER POOLING
ACCESSIBILITY
CONNECTORS
VISIBILITY ON-STREET
EVSE COST
SPACE
ORIENTATION
METERING
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITYPARKING
TO POWER
SOURCE
SIGNAGE
CONSTRUCTION
TYPE
OF ESVE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
OBSTACLES/
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
SERVICE UPGRADE
VISIBILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
LOGY
MAINTENANCE
ACH
PARKING SP
LOCATION OFTRAFFIC
PORT ON VEHICLE
TYPE OF ESVE
PEDESTRIAN
WEATHER
FISCAL IMPACTS
TYPE OF ESVE
ACCESSIBILITY
SPACE
SIZE
PROXIMITY
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
LENGTH
OF CHARGING TIME
TECHNOLOGY
SPACE
SIZE SOURCEWATER POOL
EVSE
PROTECTION
LIGHTING
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
BUILDING
EVSE
SPACE
SIZE
OF ESVE
PEDESTRIANTOTRAFFIC
LIGHTING TYPE
E
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
ENTRANCE
LIGHTING
PARKING SP
REGULATIONS
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
VISIBILITY WEATHER
CONNECTORS
LIABILITY
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY TO POWERPROXIMITY
SOURCE
LOCATION
OF PORT ON
VEHICLE
SIGNAGE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
IMAGE 5. LONDON, UK CORD MANAGMENT
AND EVSE
!
PROXIMITYTECHNOLOGY
TO ELEVATOR
SLOPED PARKING
SPACES
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ENTRANCEMETERING
PLACEMENT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT FOR ON-STREET PARKING SO ASON-STREET T
OTECTION
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFICCONNECTORS
METERING
WATER POOLING TO NOT CREATE TRIPPING HAZARDS. EVSE SHOULD NOT BE PLACED IN LOCATION O
METERING
A LOCATION THAT WOULD CROSS
SIDEWALKSVISIBILITY
OR PEDESTRIAN
PATHS.
EVSE
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
ACCESSIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
MANAGEMENT
PROXIMITY
EVSE TIME EVSE PROTECTION
LENGTH OF CHARGING
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
RETRACTION DEVICES OR A PLACE TO HANG PERMANENT
CORDS
AND
LENGTH OFUTILITY
CHARGING TIME
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
EVSE
WATER
POOLING
WEATHER
SUFFICIENTLY ABOVE THE GROUND SHOULD BE PRESENT ENTRANCE
TECHNOLOGY
PARKINGCONNECTORS
SPACE ORIENTATION
WATER
POOLING
TYPE OF ESVE
EQUIPMENT
PROXIMITY T
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ON
ALL
EVSE.
ENTRANCE
TECHNOLOGY
SCENARIOS
TECHNOLOGY
WATERLOCATION
POOLING
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
PARKING
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFICSPACE
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
EVSE parking is one of !
For
urban
centers
and
main
streets,
on-street
the
3.
Placement
of
EVSE
in
the
public
right-of-way
is
a
chalPARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
ING TIME
!
SIGNAGE
SPACECharging
LOCATION
primary types of parking available. Providing
EVSE POOLING
in parallel
stations with simple ENTRANCE
and streamlined deVISIBILITY PARKINGlenge.
WATER
TYPE
OForESVE
TRAFFIC
CONNECTORS
SIGNAGE
ON-STREET
TRAFFICsigns are desirable, as theON-STREET
angled parking
spaces in these highly trafficked
areasWEATHER
is tricky but
not
EVSE will be
a part of an existing
PROXIMITY T
EVSE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SIGNAGE
impossible:
London, UK has recently
installed
hundreds
of
on-street
streetscape
that
may
already
contain
numerous
obstacles,
EVSE
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
SOURCE
! Avenue, an on-street
EVSE, and Portland,OR has created Electric
such as planters, benches,OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
bike racks,PEDESTRIAN
signage, vending
andTRAFFIC
LOCATIONON-STREET
OFTRAFFIC
PORT ON
VEHICLE
demonstration project. Central issues and priorities outlined here
merchant furniture or displays.
WEATHER
PROTECTION
point to challenges and opportunities for this context.EVSE
For example,
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
SOURCE
EVSE
EVSE
PROTECTION
TO POWER
SOURCE EVSE may be provided in partnership with PROXIMITY T
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
municipalities or businesses looking to install
on-street
EVSE
willPROXIMITY
4. On-street
EVSE
LENGTH
OFCONNECTORS
CHARGING
TIME
VISIBILITY
EVSE associated
PROTECTION
weigh
costs
with
accessibility
and
liability
with
the
opporowners
of nearby businesses
or buildings,
WATER
POOLING from which ENTRANCE
TYPE
OF
ESVE
NG APPROACH
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
tunity to provide widely-accessible EVSE in the public realm. Many
power may be drawn. Alternately, electricity
may
come
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
municipalities have yet to consider zoning and other design issues
from existing on-street sources, including city-owned lines,
VISIBILITY
!
TRAFFIC
for on-street parking. This can be another hurdle for developers,PEDESTRIAN
and
telecommunications
companies through phone booths and
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TOparking
POWER
SOURCEMOUNTING
TO
ELEVATOR
LENGTH
OFPROXIMITY
CHARGING
TIME
points to the need for municipalities to address
on-street
private sources connecting to street lighting, among others.
ACCESSIBILITY
locations.
Ownership
of
the
conduit
will determine
metering
and billing
WATER
POOLING
CONNECTORS
EVSE
responsibility and options.ON-STREET TRAFFIC PROXIMITY TO ELEVAT
ESVE
ENTRANCE
ACCESSIBILI
1. Signage and wayfinding is crucial for locating and designating EVSE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WEATHER
TO BUILDING
EVSE Municipalities or districts seekcharging spaces in the public realm.
5. Access for all drivers willPROXIMITY
include allowing
sufficient space
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
OF ESVE
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFICTYPE
ing a green identity may choose to locate EVSE
spaces
in prominent
to maneuver to the front and
side of the
EV in order to attach
ENTRANCE
WEATHER
locations, and incorporate identity campaigns into accompanyingENTRANCE
the coupler to the vehicle.PROXIMITY
Drivers mayTO
bePOWER
required
to enter
SOURCE
TRAFFIC
EVSE
oncoming traffic in order to reach theON-STREET
EVs port. PROXIMITY
EVSE
place-TO BUILDIN
TORSsignage. Signage should also designate limits of use. Enforcement
WATER
POOLING
PEDESTRIAN
should be provided by traffic police
who
issue
tickets
for
metered
ment
will
also
help
accessibility;
because
of
the
location
ENTRANCE
!
VISIBILITY
parking, and penalties should be enforced in
order to maximize
use
of EVSE inlets on most EVs is the front grill or over a front
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
VISIBILITY
MOUNTING
APPROACH
of the EVSE.
CONNECTORS
VISIBILITYwheel, EVSE should be installed at the front third of a paralENTRANCE!MOUNTING APPROACH
lel
space.
For
angled
front-in
parking,
EVSE can occupy
the SOURCE
EVSE
TO POWER
PROXIMITYPROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
APPROACH
2. StreetMOUNTING
markings can
further identify spaces, but striping or painting
triangular left over space at the front.
OBSTACLES
OF CHARGING
should beTIME
distinct from no parking or bike lane designation.
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
WATER
POOLING
EVSE
ACCESSIBILITY
SITING
AND OF
DESIGN
GUIDELINES
FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
23
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPE OF ESVE
LENGTH
CHARGING
TIME
PROXIMITYPROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
EVSE
TO ELEVATOR
TYPE OF ESVE
WATER POO
TYPE OF ESVE
ENTRANCE
OPERATIONS
LEGAL
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
MARKET
ANALYSIS
SPECIFICATIONS
SITEEVSE
CONDITIONS
PARKING
CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS
AL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CO
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE CONDITIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
SITE
EVSECONDITIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
ATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
PARKING
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
PARKING CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
CIFICATIONS
EVSESITE
SPECIFICATIONS
CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDIT
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE
SITE CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
1
4
FIGURE 20. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR SERVICE STATION PARKING
24
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
PARKING CO
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING
CONDITIONS SITE CONDITIONS
ELEMENTS
PARKING CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
SITEADDITIONAL
CONDITIONS
CONDI
ELEMENTS SITE PARKING
CONDITIONS
ECIFICATIONS
EVSECONDITIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
SITE
ECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTSEVSE SPECIFICATIONS
CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE PARKING
IONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CONDI
SITEADDITIONAL
CONDITIONSELEMENTS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDIT
ECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
CATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSESITE
SPECIFICATIONS
CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
VSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATIONS
LEGAL
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
MARKET
ANALYSIS
ACCESSIBILITY
PARKING
SPACE LOCATION
MOUNTING
APPROACH
EVSE PROTECTION
LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHIC
TECHNOLOGY
ACCESSIBILITY
SPACE
SIZE
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
PROTECTION
TYPE OF ESVE
WEATHER
TING
TYPE OF ESVE EVSE PROTECTION
VISIBILITY
SIGNAGE
PARKINGACCESSIBILITY
SPACE LOCATION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
METERING
LOCATION
OF PORT ON VEHICLE MOUNTING APPROACH
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFI
SIGNAGE TYPE OF ESVE
4) SERVICE STATION
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
VISIBILITY
SPACE SIZE
CONNECTORS
TIME
MOUNTING
APPROACH
RING
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
EVSE
PROTECTION
ACCESSIBILI
LIGHTING
CONNECTORS
WATER POOLING
WEATHER
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
TECHNOLOGY
PRIORITIES FOR SERVICE STATION CHARGING
OBSTACLES/HAZARD
SPACE
SIZE
EVSE PROTECTION
WEATHERSPACE SIZE
TYPE OF ESVE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
CONNECTORS
SLOPED PAR
WEATHER
ACCESSIBILITY
LIGHTING
SPACE SIZE
NOLOGY
WEATHER
DEMAND
PEDESTRIAN
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
LIGHTING
SIGNAGE
VISIBILITY
WATER POOLING
TYPE
OF METERING
ESVE
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
HOST LOCATION
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACES
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
NTING APPROACH
WATER
POOLING
VISIBILITY
CONNECTORS
LOCATION OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PARKING
SP
LENGTH OF
CHARGING TIME
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
WEATHER
VISIBILITY
SLOPED
PARKING
SPA
AGE
METERING
WATER
POOLING
VISIBILITY
EVSE
COST
OBSTACLES
NTING APPROACH
WEATHER
SPACE SIZE
TECHNOLOGY
EVSE
ACCESSIBILITY
CONSTRUCTION
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
METERING
MOUNTING
APPROACH
PROXIMITY
TOPROTECTION
POWER
SOURCE
CONNECTORS
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
LIGHTING
SERVICE UPLOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATION
WEATHER
ACCESSIBILITY
OF ESVE
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
GRADE
SPACE
SIZE
PARKING
SP
OBSTACLES/HAZARD
PARKINGWATER
SPACE POO
ORIE
VISIBILITY
ACCESSIBILITY
TECHNOLOGY
PROTECTIONREVENUE
LIGHTING
TYPE
OF
ESVE
ACCESSIBILITY
FISCAL IMPACTS
SIGNAGE
VISIBILITYON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PARKINGPEDESTRIAN
SPACE LOCATION
TECHNOLOGY
TRAFFIC
OF ESVE
PROXIMITY APPROACH
TO ELEVATOR
PROXIMITY TO POWE
MOUNTING
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
TYPE
OF
ESVE
METERING
PEDESTRIAN
VISIBILITY
REGULATIONS
PROXIMITY
TOTRAFFIC
POWER
SOURCE
WATER
LOCATION
SLOPED
PARKING
SPACESPOOLING
ECTORS
PARKING
SPACE LOCO
LAND USE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SIGNAGE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
LIABILITY
CONNECTORS
METERING
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATION ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE
PROTECTION
ON-STREET
SIGNAGE
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
PROXIMITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TERMS
WEATHER TO POWER SOURCE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
NECTORS TECHNOLOGY
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVA
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ENTRANCE
TION
TYPE
OF ESVE CONNECTORS
ACCESSIBILITY
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
IMAGE 6. BEAVERTON, OR THE
EVSE IS INTEGRATED
INTO EXISTING
LOCATION
OF
PORT O
SPACE
SIZE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TH OF CHARGING TIME
EVSETRAFFIC
PROTECTION
PEDESTRIAN
INFRASTRUCTURE. IT IS LOCATED BETWEEN OTHER GAS PUMPS AS TO NOT
WEATHER
LIGHTING
TECHNOLOGY
TYPE
OF ESVE
PARKING SPACE LOCATION CHARGING VEHICLE MAY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WATER
POOLING
FOR UPPROXIMITY
EVSE PROTECTIONBLOCK TRAFFIC SINCE THE PEDESTRIAN
UTILITY
LENGTH OF CHARGING
TIME
TRAFFICBE
PROXIMITY
TOPARKED
ELEVATOR
VISIBILITY
TO HALF AN HOUR.
EQUIPMENT
PROXIMITY
TO BUILD
EVSE
WATER POOLING
SIGNAGE
TH OF CHARGING
TIME
MOUNTING APPROACH
PARKING
SPACE LOCATION
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
EVSE
ENTRANCE
LENGTHPOOLING
OF CHARGING TIME
CONNECTORS WATER
SLOPED PARKING
SP
PROXIMITY
TO POWE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ENTRANCE
WATER POOLING
SIGNAGEVISIBILITY
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
METERING
PROXIMITY TO BUILDING WEATHER
PROXIMITY
EVSECONNECTORS
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
NTINGService
APPROACH
!
ACCESSIBILITY
station
charging
will
most
closely
approximate
the
experi1) The type of EVSE most appropriate
will likely be DC fast
EVSE
PROTECTION
ENTRANCE
TIME ence of gasoline fill stations,!and will likely be accommodated
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
charging. Allowing customers
to
quickly
charge
up while
in
WEATHER
PARKING
SPACE ORI
TYPE
OF ESVE
WATER
POOLING
at existing service station locations. This
type of
charging
will TIME
transit is the most important aspect of this context.
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVA
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
WEATHER
EVSE
EVSE
PROTECTION
prioritize speed and convenience, allowing
drivers to pullACCESSIBILITY
in offEVSE
theTECHNOLOGY
WATER POOLING ON-STREET TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
! LENGTH
EVSE
road and top off a battery in
order to continue
for
distances.
2) Clear markings for EVSE charging is essential in
order to
VISIBILITY
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
OFlonger
CHARGING
TIME TO POWER SOURCE
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
Service station operators may have to contend with negative cusavoid
customer confusion,
as POOLING
many
DC fast EVSE
modelsENTRANCE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
WATER
OF ESVE
PROXIMITY
TOLocation
POWER SOURCE
PARKING
tomer perception about the proximity
of
electricity
and
gasoline,
resemble
standard
gasoline
pumps.
on
the
serviceSPACE LOC
VISIBILITY
EVSE
PROXIMITY
EVSEPROXIMITY
CONNECTORS
but
in
fact,
this
scenario
does
not
present
any
clear
additional
user
station
site
must
not
interfere
with
vehicles
accessing
the TO BUILD
TO
POWER
SOURCE
ON-STREET TRAFFIC ! SIGNAGE
PPROACH
VISIBILITY
hazard.
gasoline pumps.
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER SOURC
ENTRANCE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILI
VISIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
3) Protecting DC fast chargers from the elements at outMOUNTING
APPROACH
WEATHER
NECTORS
LOCATION OF PORT O
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
EVSE
TYPE OF ESVE
door locations is both ON-STREET
a customer TRAFFIC
amenity
and desirable
!POWER SOURCE
ACCESSIBILITY
safety
precaution
for
electrical
devices.
PROXIMITY
TO
LENGTH PROXIMITY
OF
CHARGING
TOTIME
ELEVATOR
EVSE
PROTECTION
ACCESSIBILITY
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WEATHER
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
WATER
POOLING
PROXIMITY TO BUILDING 4) Service stations willPROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOURCE
PEDESTRIAN
need
to
partner
with EVSE
networks
ACCESSIBILITY
TYPEEVSE
OF ENTRANCE
ESVE
appropriate TO
charge-for-charge
model.
VISIBILITYor establish their ownPROXIMITY
PROXIMITY
BUILDING
EVSE
TO POWER SOURCE
TH OF CHARGING
TIME APPROACH
TYPE OF CONNECTORS
ESVE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
MOUNTING
ENTRANCE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
WATER
POOLING
5)
Customer
amenities
are
crucial,
as driversTRAFFIC
will need a
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
PEDESTRIAN
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
VISIBILITY
EVSE
safe place to wait for up to a half
hour while
their vehicle
ENTRANCE
OBSTACLES/
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
MOUNTING APPROACH
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
charges. Rest stops already
have
these
options,
but
ENTRANCE
!
CONNECTORS
standard service stations may need to consider a covered
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
seating area or expanding
the convenience
retail model to
CONNECTORS
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
include
a
caf.
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE OF ESVE
!
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
WEATHER
WATER POOL
EVSE
ACCESSIBILITY
ENTRANCE
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING OBSTACLES/HAZARD
EVSE
PROXIMITY TO POWER
SOURCE
HARGING TIME
ENTRANCE TO BUILDING
TYPE
OFPOOLING
ESVE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
EVSE
EVSEWATER
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING TIME
25
WATER POOLING
ENTRANCE
CONNECTORS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
VISIBILITY
!
SITE CONDITION
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
FIGURE 21. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL FLEET PARKING
26
TYPE OF ESVE
TECHNOLOGY SPACE
SIZE
TYPE OF ESVE EVSE PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
MOUNTING APPROACH
NG
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
VISIBILITY
PARKING WEATHER
SPACE LOCATION
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
PARKING CONDITIONS
SITEPARKING
CONDITIONS
SIGNAGE
EVSE
SPECIFICATIONS
TIME
CONNECTORS
CONDITIONS
SLOPED
PARKING SPACES
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
WATER POOLING
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY TO POWER
SOURCE
PARKING
CONDIT
ADDITIONAL
ELEMENTS
ACCESSIBILITY
SITE
CONDITIONS
SPACE
SIZE
PRIORITIES
FOR
COMMERCIAL
FLEET
CHARGING
RING
ELEMENTS
5) FLEET
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
VISIBILITY
WEATHER
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
SPACE SIZE
SPACE SIZE
WEATHER
DEMAND
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
WATER POOLING
OLOGY
WATER
POOLING
ACCESSIBILITY
VISIBILITY
CONNECTORS
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SLOPED PARKING SPA
TYPE
OFPARKING
ESVE SPACE LOCATION
VISIBILITY TO BUILDING
PROXIMITY
EVSEMETERING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PARKING
SPACE
ORIENTATION
GE
EVSE COST
MOUNTING
APPROACH
METERING
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
SOURCE
ENTRANCE
CONSTRUCTION
ON-STREET
SPACE SIZE
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFICTRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PARKING
SPACE ORIENTATION
SERVICE
UPLIGHTING
LOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
PARKING SPACE ORIEN
WEATHER
GRADE
CONNECTORS
TYPE !
OFTECHNOLOGY
ESVE
SPACE SIZE
WATER POOLING
ACCESSIBILITY
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
TECHNOLOGY
PROTECTION
LIGHTING
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATORSLOPED
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
PROXIMITY
TO POWER SOURC
TYPE OF ESVE PARKING SPACES
PEDESTRIAN
PARKING
SPACE
LOCATION
PROXIMITY
TOTRAFFIC
POWER
SOURCE
EVSE
PARKING
SPACE LOCA
REGULATIONS
METERING
VISIBILITY
SIGNAGE
SLOPED PARKING
SPACES
LAND USE
CONNECTORS
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
LOCATION
OF PORT
ON VEHICLE
MOUNTING
APPROACH
SIGNAGE
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
PROXIMITY
TO BUILDING
WATER
POOLING
METERING
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
LOCATIONPROXIMITY
OF PORT ON
TOVEHICLE
ELEVATOR
ENTRANCE
CONNECTORS
TION
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
IMAGE 7. FRITO LAY COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE
TRUCKS SUCH
AS SMITHOF PORT ON
LOCATION
TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRICS NEWTON, PICTURED
ABOVE,
USE THE SPACE
STANDARD
J1772
PARKING
ORIENTATION
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
SPACE SIZE
UTILITY
USE PROPRIETARY ADAPTERS.
EVSE PROTECTION CONNECTOR, BUT MANY FLEETS
PROXIMITY
TO
POWER
SOURCE
LIGHTING
WEATHER
EQUIPMENT
TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY
ESVE
WATER POOLING
PROXIMITY
EVSE
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC TO BUILDING
SCENARIOS
EVSE
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
SIGNAGE
ENTRANCE
PARKING
SPACE POOLING
LOCATION
ENTRANCE
WATER
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
SLOPED PARK
PROXIMITY
TO
ELEVATOR
SIGNAGE
Commercial trucking represents a growth area
for
EV
use.
Benefits
1)
Proximity
to
building
entrances
is
a
different
considerLOCATION
OF
PORT
ON
VEHICLE
VISIBILITY
! fleets an important METERING ation for fleet vehicles.ON-STREET
CONNECTORS
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
For green
loading
acces-SOURCE
TRAFFICzones,
TING associated
APPROACHwith reduced air!pollution will make EV
WEATHER such as
option
for
inner
city
freight
hubs.
Several
large
corporations,
sibility to freight entrances and elevators is the primary
EVSE PROTECTION
LOCATIONoperators
OF PORTmay
ON VEHICLE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
FedEx, Frito Lay and Duane Reade have begun to incorporate EVs into
consideration. For other
fleet charging,
PARKING SPA
EVSE
WEATHER
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
their commercial fleets. Green
desire a location further
from building
entrances
so
as not
EVSE loading zones will be located at delivery
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
WEATHER
EVSE
PROTECTION
locations and will designate areas near loading docks, orACCESSIBILITY
on the street TECHNOLOGY
to impede delivery traffic or other industrial operations.
ENTRANCE
PROXIMITY
TOSOURCE
ELEVATOR
adjacent to building freight entrances, LENGTH
and eliminate
the environmental
OF
CHARGING
TIME
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
VISIBILITY
hazards associated with idling diesel engines. However,
fleet use is not
2) Length of stay for fleet
vehicles
will help site planners to
WATER
POOLING
OF
ESVE
PROACH
PARKING SPA
limited to delivery vehicles. University or medical campuses, governdetermine the appropriate level of charge. For green loading
PROXIMITY TO
POWER SOURC
VISIBILITY
! are all incorporating EVs. All fleet
ments and car share companies
zones with a fast turnaround, DC fast charging may
become
VISIBILITY
SIGNAGE the norm, although level 2 will be more cost effective
APPROACH
PEDESTRIAN
vehicles will need a place to chargeEVSE
overnight atMOUNTING
their home
parking TRAFFIC
and
MOUNTING
APPROACH
location.
standard for the immediate
future.TO ELEVATOR
PROXIMITY
ACCESSIBILITY WEATHER
EVSE
ENTRANCE
ECTORS
LOCATION OF
TRAFFIC
3) Overnight chargingON-STREET
is necessary
but may place a burden
ACCESSIBILITY
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
on
the
existing
systems.
Most
industrial
locations
will
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSE PROTECTION
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
WEATHER
!
already have access to heavy power
in the buildings, but
TYPE OF ESVE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
EVSE
bringing power to the charging location will add to installaTYPE OF ESVE
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC
ENTRANCE
VISIBILITY
tion costs and the addition
of numerous
largeSOURCE
EV batteries
PROXIMITY
TO POWER
H MOUNTING
OF CHARGING
TIME
EVSE
PROXIMITY
TO
BUILDING
EVSE
to the circuit will dramatically increase
the
systems
load.
APPROACH
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
WATER POOLING
Local electrical service transmission capacity
is
a
central
PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC
ENTRANCE
VISIBILITY
!
concern, and site designers will
work with the local utility
CONNECTORS
MOUNTING
APPROACH
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
to ensure that any necessary upgrades are made.
CONNECTORS
ACCESSIBILITY
!
PROXIMITY
TO ELEVATOR
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
EVSE
OBSTACLES/HAZARDS
TYPE OF
ESVE
ARGING
TIME
WEATHER
ON-STREET TRAFFIC
ACCESSIBILITY
EVSEWATER POOLING
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIME
TYPE OF ESVE PEDESTRIAN
TRAFFIC TIME
LENGTH OF
CHARGING
PROXIMITY
TOSUPPLY
BUILDING
EVSE
WATER
POOLING
EQUIPMENT (EVSE)
27
WATER POOLING
ENTRANCE
CONNECTORS
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC VISIBILITY
TYPE OF MOUNTING
ESVE
APPROACH
EVSE PROTECTION
SPACE ORIENTATION
LIGHTINGPARKING
LENGTH LIGHTING
OF CHARGING TIME
LENGTH
OF
CHARGING
TIMESPACES
ON-STREET
TRAFFIC
SLOPED
PARKING
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATIONS
LEGAL
ECONOMIC
FEASIBILITY
MARKET
ANALYSIS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
PARKING CONDITIONS
TIONAL ELEMENTS
CONDITIONS
CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS SITE PARKING
CIFICATIONS
CATIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
PARKING CO
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
SITE CONDITIONS
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
SITE CONDITI
EVSE SPECIFICATIONS
RESOURCES
Advanced Energy. Charging Station Installation Handbook for Electrical Contractors and
Inspectors, Version 1. (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Advanced Energy Corporation, 2011).
http://www.advancedenergy.org/transportation/evse/Charging%20Handbook.pdf.
Advanced Energy. Community Planning Guide for Plug-In Electric Vehicles. (Raleigh, NC:
North Carolina Advanced Energy Corporation, 2011.) http://www.advancedenergy.org/
transportation/resources/Community%20Planning%20Guide.pdf.
Clean Cities. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Public Charging Station Hosts. (Washington,
DC: U.S. Department of Energy, 2012). http://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/51227.pdf.
ECOtality North America. Lessons Learned - The EV Project EVSE Signage, Award #DEEE0002194. (Phenoix, AZ: ECOtality North America, 2012). http://www.theevproject.com/
downloads/documents/Signage%20Initial%20Issue%204-20-2012.pdf.
Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Deployment Guidelines for the Oregon I-5 Metro Areas of Portland, Salem, Corvallis and
Eugene. (Pheonix, AZ: Electric Transportation Engineering Corporation, April 2010). http://
www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/OIPP/docs/evdeployguidelines3-1.pdf.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, Revision 1. Vol. 77 No. 93.
23 C.F.R. 655 (May 14, 2012). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-14/pdf/2012-11712.
pdf.
Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, Revision 2. Vol. 77 No.
93. 23 C.F.R. 655 (May 14, 2012). http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-05-14/pdf/201211710.pdf.
National Electrical Contractors Association. Standard for Installing and Maintaining Electric
Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), NECA 413-2012. (Bethesda, MD: National Electrical
Contractors Association, April 2011). http://www.necanet.org/store/products/index.cfm/
NECA%20413-12.
John MacArthur and Colin Rowan. Charging Foward: Lessons Learned from the First Six
Months at Electric Avenue. (Portland, OR: Oregon State University, June 2012). http://www.
pdx.edu/electricavenue/sites/www.pdx.edu.electricavenue/files/ElectricAveLessonsV1.pdf.
Puget Sound Regional Council. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure: A Guide for Local Governments
in Washington State. (Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Commerce, July 2010).
http://www.psrc.org/assets/4325/EVI_full_report.pdf.
Sustainable Transportation Strategies. Site Design for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations.
(Albany, NY: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, July 2012). http://
www.revi.net/downloads/NYSERDA%20Site%20Design%20for%20EV%20Charging%20
Stations.pdf?id=4294988404&dl=t.
28
IMAGE CREDITS
Image 1. SAE J1772-2010 Electric Vehicle Charges. JPG Digital Image, http://carstations.com/
types/j09 (accessed August 14, 2012) and SAEs J1772 combo connector for AC and DC
charging advances with IEEEs help. JPG Digital Image, http://www.sae.org/mags/aei/10128
(accessed July 29, 2012).
Image 2. Ozawa, Ryan. Electric Vehicle Parking. Available from: Flickr. JPG Digital Image, http://
www.flickr.com/photos/hawaii/6879222319/ (accessed August 11, 2012).
Image 3. Electric Vehicle Charging stations. Available from: IKEA. JPG Digital Image, http://
www.ikea.com/us/en/store/burbank/activities (accessed August 11, 2012).
Image 4. Yasukawa, Mitsu. Chris Neff of Mendham charges his car at an electric charging
station in parking lot A on the campus of Bergen County Community College. JPG Digital
Image, http://www.northjersey.com/news/environment/Electric_car_tour_stops_in_Paramus_
to_charge_up_at_Bergen_Community_College.html?page=all (accessed August 14, 2012).
Image 5. Plug-in Prius Prototype. JPG Digital Image, http://www.plugincars.com/exclusivetoyota-explains-its-position-electric-cars.html (accessed August 14, 2012).
Image 6. Tenney, Sam. A new Chevron station at the corner of Allen and Murray boulevards in
Beaverton features an eco-roof, a geothermal system, a solar array, and an electric-vehicle
charging station. Available from: Daily Journal of Commerce Oregon. JPG Digital Image,
http://djcoregon.com/news/2011/10/04/beaverton-gas-station-goes-green-with-help-fromeugene-company/ (accessed August 12, 2012).
Image 7. Frito-Lay Smith EV. Available from: Fleets and Fuels (Business Intelligence For Clear
Transportation Professionals). JPG Digital Image, http://www.fleetsandfuels.com/fuels/
cng/2012/05/100-more-smith-evs-for-frito-lay/ (accessed August 16, 2012).
29

Final Lo Res Wxy Evse Site Design Guidelines 122112

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SITING AND DESIGN

GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC

SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING

Charging stations are the point of connection

The guidelines are organized into two main

CONNECTORS AND CORD SETS

LEVELS OF CHARGE: DIAGRAMS AND ATTRIBUTES

(12 [amperage] amps)

Selecting a site for EVSE installation will

a drivers charge is complete. Complications

Site Design Elements

Most facilities have accessible 120V circuits

Network Interface (page 6)

PARKING CONDITIONSSITE CONDITIONS

In each of these communications areas, data

PARKING SPACE ORIENTATION

FIGURE 2. NETWORKED PATHWAY TO A FULL CHARGE

PARKING SPACE LOCATION

This type of technology depends on network

SLOPED PARKING SPACES

TYPE OF ESVE LOW

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

PARKING SPACE LOCATION

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING

Utilities will be at the center of discussions of capacity. In addition to

MANAGEMENT IN THE EVSE INFRASTRUCTURE DOMAIN

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

WAYS TO AVOID SPACE SIZE

For safety, extra care in general should be given to placement of

SIGNAGE AND WAYFINDING

PARKING SPACE SIZE

PARKING SPACE LOCATION

necessary to create spaces and routes that

time than usual maneuvering around a parking

LOCATION OF PORT ON VEHICLE

THE CHARGING EXPERIENCE

other controls on the EVSE unit. The location

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

THANK YOU FOR CHARGING

Signage designates EV parking spaces and

Regulatory signs indicate who may park in

can work with local parking management

Where wayfinding signs can be installed

the term charging to eliminate confusion

This section is intended to illustrate basic site

structural, utility or electrical work. Soft costs

FACTORS AFFECTING EVSE INSTALLATION

Is trenching or other heavy work required?

What will annual upkeep cost?

Are there any local barriers to where EVSE can be installed?

What upgrades to service, conduit installation, and metering are needed?

What alternative installation scenarios could reduce costs or increase revenue?

1) Signage is critical for finding designated

2) Pedestrian safety in commercial areas is

IMAGE 2. MILILANI, HI THE EVSE IS MOUNTED

IMAGE 3. BURBANK, CA THE EVSE IS PLACED ON A

3) Commercial operators seeking to highlight

FIGURE 16. SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR A MID-LOT

stops protect the EVSE but may present a tripping hazard.

3) Landscaped areas can accommodate EVSE

portunities for signage. Price Chopper supermarkets, for

LENGTH OF CHARGING TIME

SITING AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE