qarTveluri memkvidreoba (akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo

universitetis qarTveluri dialeqtologiis samecniero-kvleviTi

institutis perioduli samecniero Jurnali) tomi XII, gv., 49-52

elene gegeSiZe

kultura _ mravalmniSvnelobiani
kompleqsuri fenomeni

kultura umniSvnelovanesi mecnieruli cnebaa, romelic zust axsnasa

da definicias saWiroebs. sazogadoebriv mecnierebaTa arc erTi dargi ar
iwvevs iseT sxvadasxvaobas SexedulebebSi, rogorc kulturis cneba.
mecnierebaSi dReisaTvis kulturis aseulobiT definicia arsebobs, magram
am cnebis Sinaarss srulyofilad verc erTi maTgani ver gamoxatavs.
konkretul gamokvlevaTa CarCoebSi (istoriul, eTnografiul,
sociologiur da sxva) kultura imdenad sxvadasxagvaradaa warmodgenili,
rom Wirs kidec maTi erTimeoresTan SeTanxmeba. bunebrivia, TiToeuli es
disciplina kulturis cnebas udgeba Tavisi amocanis Sesabamisad da mis
SinaarsSi debs imas, rac gadasaWrel problemaTa rigSi yvelaze
mniSvnelovanad miaCnia. kulturis cnebisadmi aseTi gansxvavebuli midgomis
ZiriTad mizezs, ra Tqma unda, TviT am cnebis polifunqciuroba
warmoadgens.
Tanamedrove samecniero definiciiT kultura ixmareba moculobiT
da SinaarsiT friad mravalsaxovani cnebis gamosaxatavad, rogoricaa
saukuneTa manZilze adamianTa mier Seqmnili materialur da sulier
RirebulebaTa erToblioba. kulturis raobis kvleva erT-erTi ZiriTadi
filosofiuri problemaa, friad rTulic, aqtualuric. kulturologia
filosofiuri disciplinaa da misi raobis gaazrebas filosofosebisagan
unda movelodeT. kulturis gansazRvreba albaT iseTi unda iyos, rom man
SeiTvisos kulturis stagnaciac, e. i. ar unda emTxveodes eTikur
Sefasebas, iseve rogorc, magaliTad, adamianis cneba cud adamiansac
gulisxmobs. miuxedavad rTuli struqturuli Semadgenlobisa, kultura
erTiani organizmia, romelic Seiswavleba msoflio istoriuli procesebis
konteqstSi. amitom ar SeiZleba kulturis meqanikuri dayvana
kacobriobis calkeuli teqnologiuri Tu sulieri Semoqmedebis, didi
aRmoCenebis, calkeuli Sedevrebis ubralo jamamde. adamianis goni,
sazogadoebrivi Tu individualuri azrovneba, aRzrda-ganaTlebis sistema,
xalxuri Semoqmedeba Tu damwerloba-mwignobroba, mecniereba, xelovneba,
sporti da sportuli TamaSobebi, religia, yofa-cxovreba, zne-Cveulebebi,
erovnuli samzareulo kulturis Semadgeneli nawilebia, e. w.
struqturuli elementebia.
pirvelyofili sazogadoebis kulturis cnobilma mkvlevarma e.
teilorma jer kidev 1870 wels mogvca kulturis klasikuri gansazRvreba,
romlis Tanaxmad is warmoadgens codnis, rwmenis, zneobis, xelovnebis,
unarisa da Cvevebis erTobliobas. dRes miRebulia, rom kultura aris
,,sazogadoebis miRwevaTa erToblioba ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, teqnikis,
xelovnebis, agreTve yofa-cxovrebis dargSi".
kulturis istoriis axlebur, sistemur gaazrebas mieZRvna
aRiarebuli mecnierebis (istorikosebis, filosofosebis, sociologebis,
kulturologebis) narkvevebi. am problemebze ramdenjerme gaamaxvila
yuradReba ,,iuneskos" saerTaSoriso konferenciam, sadac moismines mravali
saintereso moxseneba kulturis Teoriisa da istoriis sakiTxebze.
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos kulturologiis dargSi qarTvel
filosofosTa moRvaweoba. wlebis manZilze saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa
akademiis filosofiis instituti sagangebod ikvlevs kulturis
filosofiis rig problebebs. gamoqveynebulia sayuradRebo monografiuli
Sromebi kulturis, adamianuri fenomenis sxvadasxva filosofiur aspeqtze.
qarTvel filosofosTa naSromebma kulturologiaSi saerTo aRiareba
poves. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis instituti dReisaTvis
kulturologiis erT - erT msxvil samecniero centradaa miCneuli.
kulturisa da misi istoriisadi aseTma cxovelma interesma,
specialistTa azrebis urTierTgaziarebam kulturis meTodologiisa da
istoriis ZiriTadi principebis Taobaze ukve gamokveTa zogierTi saerTo
azri, rac TavisTavad did miRwevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. dadginda, rom
kulturis istoria warmoudgenelia kulturis Teoriis gareSe, rom
kulturologia, romelic eZebs kulturis raobas, misi Sinagani
struqturisa da topologiis dadgenis gzebs, kulturis istoriasTan
iseT mimarTebaSia, rogorc sxva Teoriuli da konkretuli disciplinebi,
rom kulturis specialists unda SeeZlos kulturis abstraqtuli
(kulturologiuri) gansazRvridan konkretul-istoriul procesze
gadasvlis rTuli amocanis gadawyveta.
kulturis istoria Seiswavlis yvela im komponents, rac
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis winsvlas apirobebs. yovel ers, romelsac
istoriuli cxovrebis gza gamouvlia, ucxovria Tavisi sazogadoebrivi da
politikuri wyobilebiT, xangrZlivi istoriuli erTobis Sedegad
gamomuSavebuli aqvs Tavisi tradiciebi, Tavisi fsiqikuri wyoba, hqonia da
aqvs Tavisi cxovrebis wesi, sarwmunoeba, Tavisi miRwevebi da siZneleebi,
materialur da sulier RirebulebaTa miseuli gageba. TiToeulma erma
didma Tu pataram, Tavisi istoriuli cxovrebis manZilze Seqmna Tavisi
sulieri samyaro, Rirebulebani, riTac SeuZlia iamayos da rac unda
Seitanos da daicvas saerTo sakacobrio civilizaciis saganZurSi. es
,,Tavisi" specifikuri aris is, rasac erovnul kulturas vuwodebT.
erovnul kulturaSi vlindeba eris saxe, misi TavisTavadoba. kultura
eris pasportia, igi udidesi SemoqmedebiTi Zalaa, romelic erovnuli
Rirsebis grZnobas warmoSobs.
erovnul kulturas da misi istoriis problemas swavloben dRes
qarTveli mecnierebi, didi samuSaoa Catarebuli qarTuli kulturis
istoriis kvlevis saqmeSi.
me-19 saukunis evropaSi kulturis tolfas cnebad civilizacia
Semodis. TandaTanobiT me-20 saukunis mijnaze gaCnda maTi azrobrivi
dapirispireba. warmoiSva kulturisa da civilizaciis cnebaTa
sinkretuloba-diakretulobis problema. civilizaciis problemiT
qarTuli filosofiuri skola me-20 saukunis samocdaaTiani wlebidan
iwyebs dainteresebas. dReisaTvis CvenSi miRebulia, rom kultura erTiani
sistemaa, romelsac Tavisi struqtura gaaCnia. is warmoiSva adamianis
socialur da biologiur moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis procesSi da
warmoadgens codna-gamocdilebis, Cvevebis, teqnologiuri miRwevebis
erTobliobas, sulieri Semoqmedebis samyaros. kultura ara marto
adamianis azris Seqmnilia, aramed misi fizikuri energiis nayofic aris.
misi gadacema ar xdeba biologiuri, genetikuri xaziT, kulturis
memkvidreobiTobas uzrunvelyofs informaciis gadacema. amasTanave,
mecniereba, xelovneba da zneoba ar amowuravs gonis, anu sulierebis
sferos. kultura ganixileba sazogadoebriv faseulobebTan kavSirSi.
amgvarad, SegviZlia aRvniSnoT, rom qarTul istoriografiaSi
civilizacia, ZiriTadad, miCneulia kulturis ganviTarebis xarisxobriv
Sedegad. kultura farTo cnebaa, xolo civilizacia misi ganviTarebis
erT-erTi etapia. kultura arabiologiuri bunebisaa, meoradia,
garemomcvel samyarosTan, maT Soris sxva adamianebTan urTierTmoqmedebis
konkretuli Sedegia. adamiani kulturul evoluciasTan erTad
egzomastur, anu fsiqologiur cvlilebebsac eqvemdebareba. adamianis
kulturis ganviTareba mimdinareobs drosa da sivrceSi, e. i. istoriul
dinamikaSi. amitom is saistorio kvlevis obieqticaa adamianis Semswavlel
sxva e. w. ,,mega disciplinebTan" erTad. kulturis istoriis Seswavlisas
xdeba adamianis yofierebis, rogorc erTiani sasicocxlo istoriuli
procesis, gaazreba zogadsakacobrio doneze.
kulturis TviTmyofadobisaTvis brZola didi sisxlis fasad
ujdeboda qarTvel ers. gasaocaria, gauTavebeli TavdacviTi omebis
pirobebSi rogor viTardeboda qarTuli suliereba, TviTmyofadi
xuroTmoZRvreba, xelovneba Tu mwignobroba. SesaniSnavi Zeglebis,
WeSmariti Sedevrebis Sesaqmnelad saWiro iyo qveynis ara marto didi
sulieri aRtkineba, Sromismoyvareoba, gulmodgineba, aramed qveyanaSi
dagrovili dovlaTis gonivruli gamoyenebac. amasTanave, iranis, romis,
bizantiis, arabebisa Tu Turqebis winaaRmdeg brZola arasodes qceula
maTi kulturebis siZulvilis wyarod. bibliasa da berZen-romael
filosofosTa naSromebis gverdiT, qarTveli ganaTlebuli kacis sakiTxavi,
mSobliur enaze Seqmnili literaturis garda, iyo maRalostaturad
Targmnili wignebi - firdousis ,,Sah-name" Tu gurganis ,,visramiani". i.
WavWavaZis, n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZis, e. TayaiSvilisa da sxva
cnobil mkvlevarTa azriT, iseT patara ers, rogorc qarTvelobaa,
aramcTu mTlianad auTvisebia mowinave msoflios kulturuli monapovari,
armed Tavisi sakuTari wvlili Seutania mis saganZurSi.
msoflio kultura yoveli eris SenataniT iqmneba da mdidrdeba,
msoflio kultera nairferadi yvavilebis is Taigulia, sadac TiToeul
yvavils Tavisi surneleba, eSxi da silamaze aqvs.
 damowmebuli literatura

e. kasireri, 1983 - e. kasireri, ra aris adamiani? Tb., 1983.

kultura rogorc filosofiuri kvlevis sagani, Tb., 1977.
g. lorTqifaniZe, n. Ciqovani, 1977 - g. lorTqifaniZe, n. Ciqovani,
qarTuli kulturis istoria Tb., 1997.
a. surgulaZe, 1981 - a. surgulaZe, qarTuli kulturis istoriis
narkvevebi, Tb., 1981.

ELENE GEGESHIDZE

CULTURE – MULTI-CONTENT COMPLEX PHENOMENON

Culture as a scientific term is used with the volume and contents to denote such
multifarious concept as unity of material and spiritual values created and preserved by
human beings through centuries. Culture studies, as a subject investigating the essence of
culture and its inner structure, and seeking after the methods of determining its typology,
is related to the history of culture as is any other general or special discipline to its own
history. Culture specialists should be able to solve the complex task of transferring from
abstract definitions to concrete-historical process.
The history of culture studies all the components that underline the development of
social life. The world culture is being constantly filled up along with the development of
each particular nation who creates her own spiritual world and values by which a nation
cannot only exercise the feeling of self-dignity but preserve its creation in the common
treasury of the world civilization.