Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unidad l
NUMEROS COMPLEJOS
-------------------------------------------------------- 1=i
Ejemplo:
X2+63=0
x2=-63
x=
63
x=
(7)(9)
x=
9 7
x=3
7 1
X=3
7i
Ejercicio:
a) X2+48=0
X2=-48
x=
48
x=
(12 )( 4 )
x=
4 12
b) X2+68=0
x=2
x=2
12 1
12i
X2=-68
x=
68
x=
( 4)(17)
x=
4 17
17 1
x=2
x=2
17i
c) X2+60=0
X2=-60
x=
60
x=
( 4)(15)
x=
4 15
x=
x=2
d) X2+112=0
X2=-112
x=
112
x=
(16)(7)
x=
16 7
x=4
x=4
7 1
7i
e) X2+45=0
X2=-45
x=
45
x=
(9)(5)
x=
9 5
f) X2+75=0
x=3
5 1
x=3
5i
15 1
15i
X2=-75
x=
75
x=
(25)(3)
x=
25 3
3 1
x=5
x=5
3i
g) X2+56=0
X2=-56
x=
56
x=
( 4)(14)
x=
4 14
x=2
x=2
14 1
14 i
h) X2+50=0
X2=-50
x=
50
x=
(25)(2)
x=
25 2
x=5
2 1
x=2
2i
x=3
7 1
i) X2+63
X2=-63
x=
63
x=
(9)(7)
x=
9 7
x=3
7i
j) X2+20=0
X2=-20
x=
20
x=
( 4)(5)
x=
4 5
x=2
5 1
x=2
5i
i=
i1=i
i=
1
i= -1
i2=-1
Por lo tanto
1
i3=-i
i4=1
1. i28= (i4)7=1
2. i29= (i4)7(i)=i
3. i55=(i4)13(i3)=-i
4. i25=(i4)6(i)=i
5. i32=(i4)8=1
6. i41=(i4)10(i)=i
7. i9=(i3)3=-i
8. i85=(i4)21(i)=i
9. i133=(i4)33(i)=i
10.
i99=(i4)24(i3)=-i
Realizar:
Z1=-5+4i
Z2=8-7i
a) Z1-Z2
(-5+4i)- (8-7i)
(-5-8)+ (4+7) i = -13+11
b) Z2-Z1
(8-7i)- (-5+4i)
(8+5)+ (-7-4) i= 13-11i
c) (Z2+Z1)- Z3
Z3=-9-2i
12-i
d) (Z2-Z3)+ Z1
((8-7i)-(-9-2i))+ (-5+4i)
((8+9)+ (-7+2) i)-5+4i
(17-5i)+ (-5+4i)= (17-5)+ (-5+4) i=
12-i
Z1= 2 + 3i
Z2= - 1 + 5i
3i
Z5= - 2 i
Z3= - 3 + 2i
e) 2Z1 + Z2
2(2 + 3i) + (- 1 + 5i) = (4 + 6i) + (- 1 + 5i)
(4-1) + (6 + 5) i = 3 + 11i
f) Z3 + 3Z4
(- 3 + 2i) + 3(4 3i) = (- 3 + 2i) + (12 9i)
(- 3 + 12) + (2 9) i = 9 7i
g) 3Z2 4Z5
-3(- 1 + 5i) 4(- 2 i)= (3 15i) (- 8 -4i)
(3 + 8) (15 - 4) i = 11 11i
h) 5Z4 3Z1
5(4 3i) 3(2 + 3i) = (20 15i) (6 + 9i)
(20 6) (15 + 9) i = 14 - 24i
i) 3Z1 4Z5
Z4=4
Multiplicacin de nmeros
complejos
-------------------------------------------------------Sean
Z1= 5+7i
Z2= 4-9i
a) Z1Z2= 20-45i +28i-63i2
Z1Z2= 83-17i
Z3=-4-7i
Z4= 9+2i
b) Z3 Z4= -36-8i-63i-14i2
Z3 Z4=-22-71
c) Z1 Z3+ Z2
(5+7i)(-4-7i)+ (4-9i)
-20-35i-28i-49 i2 + (4-9i)
29-63i+ (4-9i)
(29+4) + (-63-9) i
33-72i
d) Z2 Z4- Z1Z3
(4-9i)(9+2i) (5+7i) (-4-7i)
(36+8i-81i-18 i2) (-20-35i-28i-49 i2)
(54-73i) (29-63i)
(54-29) + (-73+69) i
25-10i
Z1= 2 + 3i
Z2= - 1 + 5i
3i
Z5= - 2 i
e) ( 5Z3)(-2Z5)
-5(-3 + 2i)-2(-2 i)= (15 10i) (4 + 2i)
(60 + 30i 40i - 20i2) = 80 10i
f) (-2Z3)(-2 Z5)
-2(-3 + 2i)-2(-2 i) = (6 4i) (4 + 2i)
(24 + 12i -16i 8i2) = 32 4i
g) (4 Z2)(-3 Z2)
4(-1 + 5i)-3(-1 + 5i) = (-4 + 20i) (3 15i)
(-12 + 60i + 60i 300i2)= 288 + 120 i
h) (2 Z1)(Z5)
2(2 + 3i) (-2 i)= (4 + 6i) (-2 i)
(-8 4i 12i 6i2)= -2 16i
i) (Z4)(Z3)
(4 3i)(-3 +2i)
(-12 + 8i + 9i 6i2) = -6 + 17i
Z3= - 3 + 2i
Z4=4
j) (Z2)(Z4)
(2 + 3i)(4 3i)
(8 6i + 12i 9i2)= 17 + 6i
16-49i2
Z2/ Z3= 47
65
65
+ 64 i
65
b) Z1/Z4=
5+ 7i 92i
9+2i 92i
9+2 i
(49i
)
(-4-7i)
Y1= 3 + 2i
Y2= -1 + 2i
d) Y1/ Y2
Y1/ Y2=
3+2 i
1+2 i
( 3+2 i ) (12i)
= (1+2 i) (12i)
-3 6i 2i 4i2 = 1 8i
1 4i2
5
Y1/ Y2=
1 8i
5 5
e) Z1= - 1 5i
Z1/ Z2=
15 i(1i)
=
1+i(1i)
Z2= 1 + i
- 1 + i 5i + 5i2 = - 6 4i
1 i2
Z1= 2+ 3i
Z2= - 1 + 5i
3+2 i(15 i)
1+5 i(15i)
- 3 2i
2
Z3= -3 + 2i
Z5= - 2 i
f) Z3/ Z2 =
Z4= 4 3i
g) Z4/ Z5=
43 i(2+ i)
2i(2+i)
-8 + 4i + 6i 3i2 = - 5 + 10i =
4 i2
5
2+ 3i(2+i)
2i(2+i)
h) Z1/ Z5=
- 1 + 2i
-4 + 2i 6i + 3i2 = - 7 4i =
4 i2
5
i)
Z3/ Z1=
3+2 i(23 i)
2+3 i(23 i )
-6 9i + 4i - 6i2 =
4 - 9i2
j) Z4/Z1=
- 7 - 4i
5
5
=
- 5i
13
43 i( 23 i)
2+3 i(23 i)
a)
b)
c)
d)
c) 6/5 3i
d) 3 5 i
Imaginario
Complejo
Complejo
Complejo
e)
f)
g)
h)
e)
f) i
g) (1/3) i
h) - 15
Real
Imaginario
Complejo
Real
Imaginarios
18i 9i
4i
5i + 43i
(3 + 4i)
4
2i
(- 2 + 3i)
e)
f)
g)
h)
1 + 3i
6-i
-2
- 4i
(3 + 4i)
(-2 +
3i)
(1 +
3i)
(-1 +
i)
(-
(-2)
(6
i)
(-2i)
4)
4.
Representa
grficamente el
opuesto del
conjugado de:
a)
b)
c)
d)
3
3
1
2
+ 5i
2i
2i
+i
e) 6
f) 5i
g) 3
h) - 4i
OPUESTO:
a) 3 5i
b) 3 +2i
c) - 1 + 2i
d) 2 i
e) 6
f) - 5i
g) - 3
h) 4i
(4i)
(-1 + 2i)
(- 3 +
(2
(3
(-5i)
CONJUGADO:
a) -3 -5i
b) 3 + 2i
c) 1 + 2i
d) - 2 i
e) 6
f) - 5i
g)
h)
3
4i
4i
3+
2i
1+
2i
3
-2 i
-3
5i
-5i
-------------------------------------------------------b
=
a
b
=180
a
b
=180 +
a
0
=0
a
b
=90
0
0
=180
a
b
=270
0
Ejercicios
a) 1+ 3
(1)2 + 32
4
2
3
1 =1.73
Arctag =-1.73
=59.97
=180-59.97
b
=360
a
2120
b) 1+ 3i
=
(1) + 3
2
= 1+ 3
= 4=2
3
1 =1.73
= 259.9 7
=Arctag=1.73
c) 1 3i
=
(1 ) ( 3 )
2
= 1+ 3= 4=2
3
= 1 =1.73
Arctag= 1.73
=59.97
239.97
= 2239.97
d) 1 3 i
=
(1) (3)
2
= 1+ 3= 4=2
3
1 =1.73
Arctag= 1.73
= 2300.03
=59.97
300.03
e) 2
=
(2)2
=2
= 2 =0
f)
(2 ) = 4=2
2
= 2 =180
= 2180
g) 2 i
=
(2 ) = 4=2
2
2
0 =270
= 2270
h) 2i
=
(2 ) = 4=2
2
= 0 =90
= 290
i)
2i
(2)2 (1)2
= 4+ 1= 5=2.23
1
= 2 =0.5
Arctag= 0.5 = 26.56
= 2.23206.56
j)
1+i
206.56
(1 )+(1)2
= 2=1.41
1
= 1 =1
Arctag= 1=45
= 1.4145
b= 2 sin 45
= 1.41
2. z=3225
a= 3 cos 225
= 2.12
b= 3 sin 225
= 2.12
Z= 2.122.12i
3. Z= 4 0
a= 4 cos 0
=4
Z= 4
4. Z= 3270
b= 4 sin 0
=0
a= 3 cos 270
=0
Z=
5.
b= 3 sin 270
3 i
z=2135
a= 2 cos 135
b= 2 cos 135
1.41
Z= 1.41+1.41 i
6. Z= 2.390
a= 2.3 cos 90
= 0
= 2.3
2.3 i
Z=
3135
7.Z=
a= 3 cos 135
= 2.12
Z=
8.
b= 2.3 sin 90
b= 3 sin 135
= 2.12
2.12+2.12 i
1270
a= 1 cos 270
= 0
b= 1sin 270
= 1
1.41
1 i
Z=
9.
630
a= 6 cos 30
= 5.19
Z=
= 3
5.19+3 i
530
10.
a= 5 cos 30
= 4.33
Z=
b= 6 sin 30
b= 5 sin 30
= 2.5
4.332.5 i
Teorema de Moivre
-------------------------------------------------------Calculo de potencias:
Ejemplos:
Za= 4300
Ze= 71200
Zb= 2100
4. - Calcula Zd2
Zd2= 36 (cos 1800 + sen 1800)
= 36 (-1 + 0)
= -36 + 0 i
Zc= 5450
Zd= 6900
8. - Calcular Zc3
Zc3= 125 (cos 1350 + sen 1350)
= 125 ( -0.70 + 0.70)
= -87.5 + 87.5 i
UNIDAD II
SOLUCION DE ECUACIONES
-------------------------------------------------------EJEMPLO:
7+ x=12
x=127 x=5
Cunto vale x?
7+ x=122 x
2 x + x=127
3 x=5 x=
5
3
Ecuaciones simultneas
Mtodos de solucin
Suma y resta
Sustitucin
Igualacin
2 x +3 y=18
x+ 2 y =11
2 x +3 y=18
2 ( x +2 y=11 )
2 x +3 y=18
2 x + 4 y=22
y =4
y=4
x+ 2 ( 4 )=11
x+ 8=11
x=118
x=3
Comprobacin
2 x +3 y=18
x+ 2 y =11
18=18
3+8=11
11=11
2. +2 y=5
x +5=y
3 (x + y=5 )
3 x+2 y=5
3 x+2 y=5
3 x +3 y=15
5 y=10
y=
5 x4=9
5 x=9+4
10
5
y=2
x=
5
5
x=1
3 x+2 (2 )=5
3 x4=5
3 x=5+4
x=
9
3
4. 3 x + y=2
5 x+6= y
3 x + y=2
x=3
5 x y=6
2 x =4
Comprobacin
3 ( 3 ) +2 (2 )=5
x=
4
2
94=5
x=2
5=5
( 3 )+ (2 ) =5
3 (2 ) + y=2
32=5
6+ y =2
5=5
y=26
3. 5 x y=9
5 x +3 y=17
5 x y=9
5 x +3 y=17
2 y=8
y=
8
2
y=4
Comprobacin
3 (2 )4=2
64=2
2=2
5 (2 ) (4 ) =6
y=4
10+ 4=6
6=6
3 x+2 ( 2 )=7
3 x+ 4=7
3 x=74
Comprobacin
5 (1 )4=9
x=
3
3
54=9
x=1
9=9
5 (1 ) +3 ( 4 )=17
Comprobacin
5+12=17
3 ( 1 )+ 2 ( 2 )=7
17=17
3+4=7
7=7
4 (1 ) 3 ( 2 )=2
46=2
2=2
3 x+2 y=7
5.
4 x 3 y=2
4 ( 3 x+ 2 y =7 )
3 ( 4 x3 y =2 )
12 x8 y=28
6.
3 x+2 y=2
x+ 3 y =3
12 x9 y=6
1 ( 3 x+ 2 y=24 )
17 y =34
3 ( x+3 y =3 )
y=
34
17
3 x2 y=24
y=2
3 x+ 9 y =9
7 y=15
y=
15
7
( x.1+ y0.08=3170 )
(0.9 x+ 0.92 y =3170)
0.9 ( x+ y =3500 )
y=2.142
x+ 3 (2.142 )=3
x6.426=3
x=3+6.426
x=9.426
Comprobacin
y=
20
0.02
y=1000
x+ 1000=3500
24=24
x=35001000
x=2500
3=3
Comprobacin
2500+1000=3500
3500=3500
7. x+ y=3500
x
10
8y
+ y
=3170
100
100
8. 2 x +3 y=1
3 x+ 4 y=0
4 ( 2 x+3 y =1 )
3 ( 3 x + 4 y=0 )
8 x12 y=4
9 x+ 12 y=0
x=4
9. 2 ( x +5 ) =4 ( y 4 x )
10 ( yx )=11 y12 x
( 2 x +10=4 y 16 x )
18 x4 y =10
10 y10 x=11 y12 x
2 x y=0
2 ( 4 )+3 y =1
8+3 y=1
3 y=18
y=
9
3
y=3
2 ( 18 x4 y=10 )
18 ( 2 x y =0 )
36 x +8 y=20
36 x18 y=0
10 y =20
Comprobacin
2 ( 4 )+3 (3 )=1
89=1
1=1
y=
20
10
y=2
2 x (2 ) =0
2 x =2
x=
2
2
x=1
Comprobacin
18 (1 )4 (2 )=10
18+ 8=10
10=10
2 (1 ) (2 )=0
2+2=0
0=0
x+ y=2000
10.
10 x
15 y
x+
+ y+
=2260
100
100
Ejemplos de ecuaciones
por el mtodo de
sustitucin
1. 2+3 y=18
x+ 2 y =11
1 ( 2 x +3 y=18 )
2 ( x +2 y=11 )
0.05 y =60
y=
60
0.05
y=1200
x+ 1200=2000
x=20001200
x=800
Comprobacin
Despejo ecuacin 1
x=112 y
Sustituyo en ecuacin 1
2 (112 y ) +3 y=18
224 y +3 y=18
22 y =18
2218= y
y=4
x+ 2 ( 4 )=11
800+1200=2000
x+ 8=11
2000+2000
x=3
Comprobacin
2 x +3 y=18
x=
2 (3 )+ 3 ( 4 )=18
9
3
x=3
6+12=18
18=18
Comprobacin
3 ( 3 ) +2 (2 )=5
x+ 2 y =11
94=5
5=5
3+2 ( 4 )=11
3+8=11
11=11
( 3 )+ (2 ) =5
32=5
5=5
2. 3 x+2 y=5
x + y=5
x=
5 y
=5+ y
1
3. 5 x y=9
3 ( 5+ y ) +2 y =5
5 x +3 y=17
15+3 y +2 y=5
15+5 y=5
x=
9+ y
5
(9+5 y )+ 3 y=17
5 y=515
y=
10
5
y=2
3 x+2 (2 )=5
3 x=5+4
5 (1.8+0.2 y )+ 3 y=17
9+ y +3 y=17
4 y=179
y=
8
4
5 x( 2+3 x ) =6
5 x23 x=6
y=4
2 x =6+ 2
2 x =4
5 x4=9
x=
5 x=9+4
5
x=
5
x=1
4
2
x=2
3 (2 ) + y=2
6+ y =2
Comprobacin
5 (1 )4=9
y=26
y=4
54=9
9=9
Comprobacin
3 (2 )4=2
5 (1 ) +3 ( 4 )=17
64=2
5+12=17
2=2
17=17
5 (2 ) (4 ) =6
10+ 4=6
6=6
4. 3 x + y=2
5 x+6= y
y=2+3 x
5. 2 x +3 y=1
3 x+ 4 y=0
x=
13 y
2
3 (0.51.5 y ) +4 y =0
6. x+ y=58
2 x + 4 y=168
x=58 y
1.54.5 y + 4 y=0
0.5 y =1.5
2 (58 y ) +4 y=168
1.5
0.5
1162 y+ 4 y =168
y=
y=3
116+ 2 y=168
2 y=168116
y=
2 x +3 (3 )=1
2 x =1+9
x=
8
2
52
2
y=26
x+ 26=58
x=5826
x=4
Comprobacin
x=32
Comprobacin
32+26=58
2 ( 4 )+3 (3 )=1
58=58
89=1
1=1
2 (32 ) + 4 ( 58 )=168
64+104=168
168+168
7. 8 x5=7 y9
6 x=3 y +6
( 8 x7 y=4 )
( 6 x3 y=6 )
6=6
4+7 y
x=
8
308+ x2 y=30
4 +7 y
3 y=6
8
6 (0.5+0.875 y )3 y=6
( x2 y=8 )
5 x29=x5+ 4 y
( 4 x 4 y =24 )
3+ 5.25 y 3 y=6
3+ 2.25 y =6
x=8+2 y
2.25 y=6+3
3
y=
2.25
y=1.333
4 ( 8+2 y )4 y=24
32+8 y4 y=24
32+4 y=24
4 y=2432
8 x7 (1.333 )=4
8 x+ 9.333=4
8 x=49.333
x=
13.333
8
x=1.666
y=
8
4
y=2
x2 (2 ) =8
x+ 4=8
x=84
Comprobacin
x=4
y=0.75
Comprobacin
42 (2 )=24
4 +4=8
x=
8=8
21
6
x=3.5
4 ( 4 )4 (2 )=24
Comprobacin
16+8=24
24=24
2121=0
0=0
9.
12 ( x +2 y )882 x+ y =2( x6 y )
20 ( x4 y )=10
70+ 60=10
10=10
12 x +24 y 16 x8 y=2 x12 y
(6+28 y=0 )
x+ 3 y =3
( 20 x80 y=10 )
x=
28 y
6
3 x+2 y=24
10.
x=33 y
20
28 y
80 y=10
6
13.33 y=10
y=
10
13.33
7 y =249
7 y =15
y=
15
7
y=2.142
x+3 (2.142 )=3
x6.426=3
y=
x=3+6.426
x=9.426
Comprobacin
2 y=11x
y=
24=24
9.426+3 (2.142 )=3
9.4266.426=3
182 x
3
11 x
2
182 x 11x
=
3
2
2 (182 x ) =3 (11x )
364 x=333 x
3633=3 x+ 4 x
3=3
x=3
2 (3 )+ 3 y =18
6+3 y=18
3 y=186
y=
12
3
y=4
Ejemplos de ecuaciones
por el mtodo de
igualacin
1.
2 x +3 y=18
x+ 2 y =11
Comprobacin
2 x +3 y=18
2 (3 )+ 3 ( 4 )=18
6+12=18
18=18
Despejar la misma
variable en las dos
ecuaciones
Despejamos y
3 y=182 x
2.
3 x+2 y=5
x +5=y
y=
53 x
y =5+ x
2
53 x=2 (5+ x )
3. 5 x y=9
5 x +3 y=17
53 x=10+2 x
5+10=2 x +3 x
x=
15=5 x
15
=x
5
9+ y
3 y +17
x=
5
5
5 (9 y )=5 (3 y+17 )
455 y=8515 y
x=3
5 y +15 y=8545
3 ( 3 ) +2 y =5
2 y=59
y=
4
2
10 y=40
y=
40
10
y=4
y=2
5 x4=9
Comprobacin
3 ( 3 ) +2 (2 )=5
94=5
5 x=9+4
x=
5
5
x=1
5=5
( 3 )+ (2 ) =5
32=5
5=5
Comprobacin
5 (1 )4=9
54=9
9=9
5 (1 ) +3 ( 4 )=17
5+12=17
17=17
5 (2 ) (4 ) =6
10+ 4=6
6=6
4. 3 x + y=2
5 x+6= y
65 x
y=2+3 x y=
1
2+3 x=1 (65 x )
5. 3 x+2 y=7
4 x 3 y=2
x=
2+3 x=6+5 x
26=5 x3 x
4=2 x
4
=x
2
x=2
72 y
2+3 y
x=
3
4
34=17 y
3 (2 ) + y=2
6+ y =2
y=26
y=4
Comprobacin
34
=y
17
y=2
4 x 3 (2 )=2
4 x 6=2
3 (2 )4=2
4 x =2+6
64=2
x=
2=2
4
4
x=1
x=9.426
Comprobacin
Comprobacin
3 ( 1 )+ 2 ( 2 )=7
3+4=7
28.264.26=24
7=7
24=24
4 (1 ) 3 ( 2 )=2
46=2
2=2
3=3
6. 3 x+2 y=24
x+ 3 y =3
x=33 y x=
242 y
3
7. x+ y=3500
x
3 ( 33 y )=242 y
10 x
8y
+ y
=3170
100
100
99 y=242 y
924=2 y +9 y
( x.1+ y0.08=3170 )
15=7 y
15
=y
7
y=2.142
x=
31700.92 y
x=3500 y
0.9
x+ 3 (2.142 )=3
x6.426=3
x=3+6.426
y=26
0.02 y=20
y=
x+26=58
20
0.02
x=5826
y=1000
x=32
x+ 1000=3500
Comprobacin
x=35001000
32+26=58
x=2500
58=58
Comprobacin
2 (32 ) + 4 ( 58 )=168
2500+1000=3500
64+104=168
3500=3500
168+168
8. x+ y=58
2 x + 4 y=168
9. 3 ( x+2 ) =2 y
2 ( y+5 )=7 x
x=58 y x=
1684 y
2
2 (58 y )=1684 y
1162 y=1684 y
2 y + 4 y=168116
2 y=52
52
y=
2
( 3 x2 y =6 )
(7 x +2 y=5 )
x=
6+ 2 y
52 y
x=
3
7
42+15=6 y+14 y
x+ y9 y +11 x=2 y2 x
57=8 y
( 14 x10 y=0 )
57
=y
8
x=
y=7.125
3+ 4 y
10 y
x=
5
14
3 x2 (7.125 )=6
14 (3+4 y )=5 ( 10 y )
3 x14.125=6
42+56 y=50 y
3 x=6+14.125
56 y50 y=42
x=
8.25
3
x=2.75
Comprobacin
3 ( 2.75 )2 ( 7.125 )=6
8.2514.25=6
6=6
y=
42
6
y=7
5 x4 ( 7 )=3
5 x28=3
x=
25
5
x=5
Comprobacin
5 ( 5 )4 ( 7 )=3
2528=3
3=3
10.
( x y )( 6 x +8 y )=( 10 x+ 5 y +3 )
( x+ y )( 9 y11 x )=2 y2 x
14 ( 5 )10 ( 7 )=0
7070=0
x y6 x8 y=10 x5 y 3
0=0
( 5 x4 y =3 )
1.
y + 41=2
x+ 61=1
2.
y = 6
x = 4
Buscamos soluciones
3.
Buscamos soluciones
4.
x+ 4 y 8 z=8
4 x +8 y z=76
8 x y4 z=110
4 x16 y32=2
4 x 8 yz=76
8 y 31 z=108
32 y +60 z=174
8 y +31 z=108
33 y +60 z=174
A continuacin resolvemos el sistema utilizando el mtodo de igualacin:
Despejando la incgnita z en ambas ecuaciones obtenemos un nuevo
sistema:
z=
108+ 8 y
31
z=
174+33 y
60
6480+480 y =5394+1023 y
1086=543 y
y=2
z=
z=4
x=16
5.
3 x2 y+ z =8
x+ 3 y +2=2 z
x + y z=6
x+ 3 y 2 z =2
x + y z=6
3 x2 y+ z =8
x +3 y2 z=2
x + y z=6
4 y3 z=8
3 x9 y +6 z =6
3 x2 y+ z =8
11+7 z=14
x+ 3 y 2 z =2
4 y3 z=8
11 y +7 z=14
44 y33 z=88
44 y +28 z=56
5 z=32
z=
32
=6.4
5
z=6.4
4 y3 ( 6.4 ) =8
x+ 3(2.8)2(6.4)=2
y=2.8
x=2.4
Mtodo de Gauss
-------------------------------------------------------Ejemplos:
1.- F1: 3x-3y= 15
F2: 2x+5y= -4
F1
F2
-3
2
15
5
-4
-3
1
-8
15
19
-1
1
-8
19
F1- F2---F2
1
0
-1
7
F2/7---F2
5
-14
1
0
-1
1
y=-2
5
-2
x-y= 5
x-(-2)= 5
x=3
F1/ 3---F1
F1-F2---F2
3
0
2
7
17 34
F2/17---F2
3
0
2
1
y= 2
F1
F2
-8
1
-12
3
12
4 -3
-2
F1 (4) ---F1
F2 (3) ---F2
28
12 -9
F1-F2---F2
12
-6
28
0 17
F1/4---F1
34
3x+4=7
3x=3
x= 1
7
2
3.-F1: 3x-4y= -6
F2: 2x+4y= 16
6
0
F1
F2
-4
-6
2
4 16
F1 (2) ---F1
F2 (3) ---F2
-8
-12
6
12
F1-F2---F2
48
-8
-12
0 -20 -60
F2/ -20---F2
3x= -6+12
x=2
y=3
F1
-1
-1
-1
-2
F2: 3x+4y= 0
F2
F2-F1---F2
0
1
1
1
-3
1
y= -3
F1-F2---F1
2x-9=-1
x=8/2
x=4
F1-F2---F1
F1
F2
3
2 5
F1-F2---F1
-1
3
2
F1/-1---F1
-1
5
3 2
y= 1
F1
-1
-1
F2
F3 1
F1
1
0
0
1
2
1
-1
-9
-4
1
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
0
-1
-9
-1
1
3
-1
z= 1
-7
-2
F3
F1
3(F1) - F3---F3
-4
5(F1) - F2---F2
x=1-6+1
x=-4
-1
-1
-3
18
10
F2
-2
F3: 4x+3y-3z=1
0
2
4
2y-9 (1) = 3
2y=3+9
y=12/2
y=6
F2: 3x+2y-z=4
6
-1
-7 8 10
1 1 7
3 -3 1
2 (F2) ---F2
0 -1 -4 -14
0 -1 5 13
4 3 -3
1
F2-F1---F2
0
4
4
-7 8 10
2 2 14
3 -3 1
F2-F3---F2
0 -1 - 4 -14
0 0 9 27
4 3 -3
1
F2/9---F2
F3 4 3
3(F1) ---F1
2(F2) ---F2
-3
0 -7 8 10
0 -1 5 13
4 3 -3 1
F1-F2---F1
0
0
4
-1 - 4
0 1
3 -3
z=3
4 3 -3
F1-F2---F1
1
4 3
F2-F3---F2
0 -6 3 -3
0 -1 5 13
4 3 -3 1
F1/3---F1
-14
3
1
-y-4(3)= -14
-y= -14+12
-y=-2
y= 2
-3
0 -2 1 -1
0 -1 5 13
4 3 -3 1
F1-F2---F
4x+6-9=1
x= 4/4
x= 1
8.-F1: 9x+4y-10z= 6
F1
-10
-10
F2: 6x-8y+5z= -1
F2
-8
-1
6 -8
F3 12
F3/3---F3
12
-15 10
4 4
-5
2(F2)-3(F3) ---F3
-1
F3: 12x+12y-15z= 10
9
4 -10 6
6 -8 5 -1
0 -28 25 -12
2(F1)-3(F2) ---F2
32y+7=15
32y=8
y=1/4
9
4 -10
6
0 32 -35 15
0 -28
25 -12
28(F2)+32(F3) ---F3
9 4
-10
6
0 32 -35 15
0 0 -180 36
F3/-180---F3
9 4 -10
0 32 -35
0 0
1
z= -1/5
10/3
6
15
-1/5
9x+1+2=6
9x=3
x=1/3
Tipos de Matrices
-------------------------------------------------------Las siguientes figuras representan los tipos de matrices
existentes:
Matriz Columna: Dentro de la matriz, los nmeros se
colocan de forma vertical con una sola columna y las filas que
desee. Ejemplo: (2x1, 3x1, 4x1, etc.).INTEGRANTES
Las siguientes figuras
Docente
Rogelio
Quintero
representan algunos
ejemplos
de marices
columna: Gonzlez
Vega
Arroyo Mara
de los ngeles
1.
0
0
7
6. 9
10.10
0
-2
2.
1
3.
10
-2
4
7
2
3
57.
7
0
3
0
0
-2
-1
4
2
4. 0
5. 6
-2
9
2
9
0
-4
4
8.
9.
3
0
3
.5
9
.3
8
12. 3 -1 0
4.
4 2 4 5 -10
7.
8.
1 3 -23. 0 10 2 -11 9
5.
1 3 2
1 -2
6.
9.
2 4 -2 9
1 20
10.
1 2094
1 4 5 10 -22 1 4
1 3 4
-1 3 5
2.
2 4 5 6 9 0
3 10 6 7 9 7
2
3
4
5
5
0
9
-1
3.
2 4
2 -3
0 0
4.
5.
8.
0 -2
1 6
9.
9
1
1
7
6.
4 -5 4
5
0
2
8
2 4 0 -1
0 4 .5 3
4 5
8 8
10.
2
0
7
4
9
3
6
1
6
-1
-3
3
7
3
5
6
8
6
5
-2
7.
1 3
4 4
0 4
4 0
2 -9
1 2 4
0 3 -2
.5 .5 3
0 8 8
0 0 0
9
9
0
2
1.
1 3 6 7
3.
7 6 43
4.
6.
4 5 6 -1
4 5 6
4 5 5
4 4
5 5
6 5
2.
7
6
4
3
4
5
6
-1
7.
t
1
t
3
6
7
2 4
5 4
3 2
2 5 3
4 4 2
1 2 3
3 4 5
7 -3
4 -4
3 4
8.
5.
7 4 3
-3 -4 4
13
24
35
1
2
4
124
1 4
1
4
0 0 1
0 3 3
9.
0 0
0 3
1 3
10.
5 5 3 4
4 2 1 2
5
5
3
4
4
2
1
2
2.0 0 0 0
0 3.
0
0
0 0
6.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 04.
0 0 0
8.
9.
0
0
0
0
5.
0 0
0 0
0 0
10.
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
10.
2.
1 9
5 2
0 21
2 45
3 45
6. -1 2 3 4 5
0
5
1
9
4
6
1
8
5
5
1
9
6
3
2
1
7
2
3
1
0
3
9
0
1
4
2
3
7.
2 3 4
3 2 1
1 3 4
4 1 2
3.
2
4
9
5
34
32
21
32
0 3
0 2
4.
8. 1 2 3
2 3 1
3 1 2
.5 -2 5
.4 .4 5
-9 4 3
9.
5.
-2 -3
-3 -4
2.
2 0 0
2 0
0 3 0
0 01
10.
6. 0 0
2 0 3.
0 5
4 7.
0 0
0 -2 0
0 0 -9
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
9
0 0 24.
0 4 0
8 0 0
0 08.4
0 -2 0
8 0 0
0 0 0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
5
0
0 5.
0
0
4
9. 2 0 0 0
0
0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
7.
2.
2 0
6.
0 2
7
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
2 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 2
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
7
8.
3.
4.
3 0
0 3
9.
8 0 0
0 8 0
0 0 8
9
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
4 0 0
0 4 0
0 0 4
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
9
0
10 0 0
0 10 0
0 0 10
5.
0
0
0
5
0
0
10.
0
0
0
9
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2.
1 0
0 1
3.
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
14.
0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
5.
0 00
0
0
1
0
0
00
00
00
10
01
Sumas de Matrices
Cuando tenemos dos matrices y sea necesario hacer
una suma con ellas, simplemente se suman los
nmeros que se encuentren en el mismo lugar. Por
ejemplo:
1. (A + B = C) La suma de la matriz A y B.
Cada nmero dentro de una cuadrante se sumara con un
nmero dentro de la misma cuadrante de otra matriz. En
el caso de abajo sera (0 + 1 = 1), (3 + 4 = 7), etc.
0 3 4
5 2 2
0 1 6
1 4 5
4 1 8
1 3 5
1 7
9
9 3
6
1 2 11
2. (D + E = F) La suma de la matriz D y E.
1 2
2 1
3 3
7 2
4 5
9 3
1
4
5
4 1
1 3
8 5
1 7 5
9 3 5
5 9 11
1 4 5
4 1 8
1 3 5
1 7
9
9 3
6
1 2 11
Transpuesta :
1 9 1
7 3 2
9 6 11
1
4
5
4 1
1 3
8 5
1 9 1
7 3 2
9 6 11
1 4 5
4 1 8
1 3 5
1 9
5
7 3
9
5 5 11
1 9 5
7 3 9
5 5 11
2 18 6
14 6 11
14 1 22
1 7 5
9 3 5
5 9 11
2 14 14
18 6 1
6 11 22
10.
1 7 5
9 3 5
5 9 11
1 10 9
14 5 7
5 10 17
la matriz A.
1 7 9
9 3 6
1 2 11
0 3 4
5 2 2
0 1 6
1 10 13
14 5 4
1 3 17
Multiplicacin de Matrices
La multiplicacin de matrices se puede hacer de dos
formas. Un nmero real por una matriz o una matriz
por una matriz.
Iniciaremos con el nmero real por una matriz. Para
lograr esto efectivamente se multiplica el nmero
singular (real) por cada elemento dentro de la matriz.
Adelante mostramos algunos ejemplos de esto:
1.
2 3 0 10 15 0
5 x 1 2 0 = 5 10 0
3 5 6 15 25 30
(5 x A)
5 1 10 2
2. 2 x 3 0 = 6 0
(2 x B)
1 9 4 4 36 16
3. 4 x 2 4 3 = 8 16 12
4.
(4 x C)
2 1 3 6 3 9
3 x 3 2 5=9 6 15
0 0 6 0 0 18
5 3 15 9
5. 3 x 1 0 =3 0
(3 x At)
(3 x Bt)
1 9 4 6 54 24
6. 6 x 2 4 3 =12 24 18
7.
2 4 10 20
5 x 1 5 = 5 25
4 1 20 5
(6 x Ct)
(5 x D)
2 1 4 10 5 20
8. 5 x 4 5 1 =20 25 5
9. 6 x 1 2 1/3=6 12 2
10.
4 x 3 1=12 4
2 0 8 0
(5 x Dt)
(6 x E)
(4 x F)
1.
1 2 3 2 4 6 2 12 12
3 2 1 x 6 4 2= 12 8 2
2 1 3 4 2 6 12 2 18
(A x B)
2.
1 2 3 2 6 4 2 8 18
3 2 1 x 4 4 2 =18 8 2
2 1 3 6 2 6 8 2 18
(A x Bt)
3.
1 3 2 2 4 6 2 18 8
2 2 1 x 6 4 2= 8 8 2
3 1 3 4 2 6 18 2 18
(At x B)
4.
1 3 2 2 6 4 2 12 12
2 2 1 x 4 4 2=12 8 2
3 1 3 6 2 6 12 2 18
(At x Bt)
5.
1 3
2 0
6.
1 2 x 4 2 = 4 6
3 0 3 4 6 0
(Ct x D)
7.
1 3x 4
3 =4 6
2 0 2 4 6 0
(C x Dt)
8.
1 2x 4
3 =4 4
3 0 2 4 9 0
(Ct x Dt)
4 2 = 1 4
3 4 9 0
(C x D)
2 3
2 3 4x
4 12 16
4 5=
8 4 6
24 20 0
4 0
9.
(E x F)
6
3 4 2 x 5 =18 20 8
4
10.
(G x H)
Unidad IV
Inversa de Matrices
Para obtener la inversa de una matriz se utiliza el
mtodo de Gauss-Jordan. Se debe alinear esta con
una matriz identidad y realizar ecuaciones que afecten
a ambas. Esto se debe hacer hasta convertir la matriz
regular en una matriz identidad y la identidad en una
matriz normal. El resultado de esto es una matriz
inversa.
2 31 0
1. 1 2 0 1
; 32 ( 2 )=1 ; 12 ( 0 )=1 ;
02 ( 1 )=2
2 3 1 0
0 1 1 2
2 3 1 0
0 11 2
Hacemos: F1 / -2 = F1
1 0 2 3
0 1 1 2
41 0
2. 4 6 0 1
2F1 F2 = F2
2 41 0
0 2 2 1
F2 / 2 = F2
2 41
0
0 1 1 1/2
4F2 F1 = F1
2 0 3 2
0 1 1 1/2
F1 / -2 = F1
1 0 3 /2
1
0 1 1
1 /2
3 /2
1
1
1 /2
Inversa:
4 10 1 0
60 1
3. 6
6F1 4F2 = F2
3
2
4 10 1 0
0 36 6 4
F2 / 36 = F2
4 10
0 1
1
0
6/ 36 4 /36
10F2 F1 = F1
4 0
0 1
24 /36 40 /36
6 /36 4 /36
F1 / -4 = F1
1 0 1/ 6 5/18
0 1 1 /6 1 /9
Inversa:
1 /6 5/18
1/6 1/9
3 31 0
4. 4 2 0 1
4F1 3F2 = F2
3 31 0
0 6 4 3
F2 / 6 = F2
3 3
0 1
1
0
4 /6 3 /6
3F2 F1 = F1
3 0
0 1
1 9 /6
4 /6 3 /6
F1 / -3 = F1
1 0 1/3 1 /2
0 1 2 /3 1/2
Inversa:
1 /3 1/2
2/3 1 /2
2 41 0
5. 8 8 0 1
4F1 F2 = F2
2 41 0
0 8 4 1
F2 / 8 = F2
2 4 1
0
0 1 4 /8 1/8
4F2 F1 = F1
2 0 1 4/8
0 1 4 / 8 1/8
F1 / -2 = F1
1 0 1/2 1/4
0 1 1 /2 1/8
Inversa:
1 /2 1/4
1/2 1/8
6.
1 2 31 0 0
2 3 10 1 0
3 1 20 0 1
3F1 F3 = F3
1 2 31 0 0
2 3 10 1 0
0 5 7 3 0 1
2F1 F2 = F2
1 2 31 0
0
0 1 5 2 1 0
0 5 7 3 0 1
5F2 F3 = F3
1 2 31 0 0
0 1 5 2 1 0
0 0 18 7 5 1
F3 / 18 = F3
1 2 3 1
0
0
0 1 5 2
1
0
0 0 1 7 /18 5/18 1/18
5F3 F2 = F2
1 2 3 1
0
0
0 1 0 1/18 7 /18 5/18
0 0 1 7 /18 5 /18 1/18
-1F2 = F2
1 2 3 1
0
0
0 1 0 1 /18 7/18 5/ 18
0 0 1 7 /18 5/18 1/18
3F3 F1 = F1
1 2 0 3/18 15 /18 3/18
0
1 0 1/18 7 /18 5 /18
0
0 1 7/18 5 /18
1/18
2F2 + F1 = F1
1 0 0 5 /18 1/18 7 /18
0 1 0 1/18 7/18 5 /18
0 0 1 7 /18 5/18 1 /18
-1F1 = F1
1 0 0 5 /18 1/18
7/ 18
0 1 0 1 /18
7 /18 5/18
0 0 1 7 /18 5 /18 1/ 18
7.
1
4
1
2 21 0 0
1 20 1 0
4 20 0 1
F1 F3 = F3
1 2 21 0 0
4 1 20 1 0
0 2 0 1 0 1
4F1 F2 = F2
1 2 21 0
0
0 7 6 4 1 0
0 2 0 1 0 1
2F2 + 7F3 = F3
1 2 2 1
0
0
0 7 6 4 1 0
0 0 12 15 2 7
F3 / 12 = F3
1 2 2 1
0
0
0 7 6 4
1
0
0 0 1 15 /12 2 /12 7 /12
6F3 F2 = F2
1 2 2 1
0
0
0 7 0 42 /12
0
42/12
0 0 1 15/12 2/12 7 /12
F2 / -7 = F2
1 2 2 1
0
0
0 1 0 1/2
0
1 /2
0 0 1 15 /12 2 /12 7 /12
2F3 F1 = F1
2F2 + F1 = F1
1 0 0 1 /2 4 /12 2/12
0 1 0 1/2
0
1/2
0 0 1 15 /12 2/12 7 /12
-1F1 = F1
1 0 0 1/2 4 /12
2/12
0 1 0 1/2
0
1 /2
0 0 1 15 /12 2 /12 7 /12
8.
2 1 11 0 0
2 2 20 1 0
1 2 30 0 1
F1 2F3 = F3
2 1
1 1 0 0
2 2
2 0 1 0
0 3 5 1 0 2
F1 F2 = F2
2 1
1 1 0
0
0 1 1 1 1 0
0 3 5 1 0 2
3F2 F3 = F3
2 1
1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0
2 2 3 2
F3 / 2 = F3
2 1
1 1
0
0
0 1 1 1
1
0
0 0
1 2/2 3/2 2/ 2
F3 + F2 = F2
2 1 1 1
0
0
0 1 0 4 / 2 5/2 2/2
0 0 1 2/2 3/2 2/2
-1F2 = F2
2 1 1 1
0
0
0 1 0 4 / 2 5 /2 2/ 2
0 0 1 2/2 3/2 2 /2
F3 F1 = F1
2 1 0 0
3 /2 2/2
0
1 0 4 /2 5/2 2/2
0
0 1 2/2 3 /2 2/2
F2 + F1 = F1
2 0 0 4/2 2/2
0
0 1 0 4/2 5 / 2 2 /2
0 0 1 2/ 2 3 /2 2/2
F1 / -2 = F1
Inversa:
1 0 0 4 /4 2/4
0
0 1 0 4 /2 5/2 2/2
0 0 1 2/2 3 /2 2/2
1 1 /2 0
1 /2 5 /2 1
1
3 /2 1
UNIDAD V
DETERMINANTES
-------------------------------------------------------Sea el sistema:
3 x+2 y=24
x+ 3 y =3
(31 23|243|)
(31 23)
El determinante se obtiene con la matriz compacta
| |
3 2
1 3
D=( 3 3 )( 2 1 )=92
D=7
3 2
4 3
D=( 3 3 )( 2 4 )=98
D=17
| |
2 3
3 4
D=( 2 4 ) ( 3 3 )=89
D=1
EJEMPLOS
1.
| |
5 8
3 1
D=( 5 1 ) ( 8 3 )=5+ 24
D=29
2.
4 3
0 5
D=( 4 5 ) 3=20+3
D=17
3.
3 2 1
1
3
1
1 1 1
D=( 3 3 1 )+ (1 1 1 ) + (12 1 )( 1 3 1 ) + ( 1 1 3 ) + (1 2 1 )
D=[ (9+1+2 ) (3+3+ 2 ) ] =62
D=8
4.
2 1 2
3 2 1
4 3 3
D=[ ( 2 2 3 ) + ( 3 3 2 )+ ( 4 1 1 ) ] [ ( 2 2 4 ) + (1 3 2 ) + (3 1 3 ) ]
D=(12+18+4 )( 166+ 9 )=109
D=9
5.
| |
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9
3 4 8
( 1 5 9 ) + ( 2 6 7 ) + [ (7 5 3 ) + ( 8 6 1 )+ ( 9 4 2 ) ]
D=
D=( 45+84+ 96 ) (105+ 48+72 )=2525
D=0
6.
| |
1
1
3
1
1
2
4
4
1 1
3 1
2 1
3 1
Sea el sistema:
3 x+2 yz =12
4 x 3 y+3 z=19
2 x + 4 y +4 z =20
Solucin:
7.
3 2 1
D= 4 3 3 =[ ( 3 3 4 )+ ( 4 4 1 ) + ( 2 2 3 ) ] [ (1 3 2 ) + ( 3 4 3 )+ ( 4 2 4 ) ]
2 4
4
D=(3616+12 )( 6+ 36+32 )=4074
D=114
12 2 1
Dx= 19 3 3 =(14476+ 120 )( 60+144 +152 )
20 4
4
x=100356=456
456
=4
114
x=
3 12 1
Dy= 4 19 3 =( 22880+72 )(38+180+192 )
2 20 4
y=220334=11 4
y=
114
=1
114
3 2 12
Dz= 4 3 19 =(180+192+70 )(72+228+160 )
2 4 20
z=88316=228
z=
228
=2
114
Comprobacin
3 x +2 yz=12 12+22=12
4 x3 y+3 z =19 163+6=19
2 x + 4 y +4 z =20 8+4 +8=20
2 x+3 y + 4 z=3
8. 2 x+ 6 y +8 z=5
4 x +9 y 4 z=4
| |
2 3 4
D= 2 6 8 =(48+ 72+ 96 ) ( 96+14424 )
4 9 4
D=120216
D=96
3 3 4
Dx= 5 6 8 =(72+180+96 )( 96+21660 )
4 9 4
x=204252=48
48 1
=
96 2
x=
2
Dy= 2
4
3 4
5 8 =(40+32+96 )( 80+6424 )
4 4
y=88120 =32
y=
32 1
=
96 3
| |
2 3 3
Dz= 2 6 5 = ( 48+54+ 60 )( 72+90+ 24 )
4 9 4
z=162186=24
z=
24 1
=
96 4
Comprobacin:
2 x+ 3 y+ 4 z=3 1+1+1=3
2 x +6 y +8 z=5 1+2+2=5
4 x+ 9 y 4 z =4 2+31=4
3 x +5 y+ 2 z=22
9. 2 x y+ 6 z=32
8 x+ 3 y 5 z=33
3 5
2
D= 2 1 6 =( 15+12240 ) (16+ 54+50 )
8 3 5
D=(21388 )
D=301
22 5
2
Dx= 32 1 6 =(110+192+ 990 )(66396+800)
33 3 5
x=( 1072470 )=602
x=
602
=2
301
3 22 2
Dy= 2 32
6 =(4801321056 )( 512594+ 800 )
8 33 5
y=1668138=1806
y=
1806
=6
301
3 5 22
Dz= 2 1 32 =( 991321280 ) ( 176+288+330 )
8 3 33
z=1313794=2107
z=
2107
=7
301
Comprobacin
3 x5 y +2 z=22 630+14=22
2 x+ y+ 6 z =32
46+ 42=32
8 x +3 y5 z=33 16 +1835=33
10.
9 x+ 4 y 10 z =6
6 x8 y +5 z=1
12 x +12 y15 z=10
9
4 10
D= 6 8
5 =( 1080720+240 ) ( 960+540360 )
12 12 15
D=6001140
D=540
6
4 10
Dx= 1 8
5 = (720+ 120+200 )( 800+ 360+60 )
10 12 15
x=10401220=180
x=
180 1
=
540 3
9 6 10
Dy= 6 1
5 = (135600+360 ) ( 120+450540 )
12 10 15
y=10530=135
y=
135 1
=
540 4
9
4
6
Dz= 6 8 1 =(720+ 43248 )(576108+ 240 )
12 12 10
z=(336+444 )=108
z=
108 1
=
540 5
REPASOS EXTRAS
Ejemplos:
b5 b5 = b5 +5 =
e
= c
= x
c c
2
x x
e+f
2+3
b10
g
T T
am +n
= x
= t
g+ a
x 8 x 8 = x 8+8 = x 16
5
a a
5 +3
= a
=a
2 3
3 5
( 5
2.3
53.5
515
2 5
( 8 =
2 3
( a =
82.5 = 810
a2.3 = a6
5 5
( b
4 5
( d
2 2
( 8
5 5
( 9
5.5
4.5
82.2
95.5
25
= b
20
4
= 8
925
3x
4
(
2
= (3x)(3x)(3x)(3x)
(5x
(5x)(5x)
= 3.3.3.3.x.x.x.x
= 5.5.x.x
=
=
34 x 4
52 x 2
4
= 51 x
2
= 25 x
3 2
( 2 xz
x2 z6 3
2
3 2
2
= ( 2 (x ( z
=8
5p
( 3 = (5p)(5p)(5p)
5
2 5
( 4 xg
4
= ( 5
x
2 5
( 5 ( g
10
1024 x g
= 5.5.5.x.x.x
=
53 p 3
3
= 125 p
ba
bc =
m n
C5
c3
a c
53
gp
go
g po
=
a4
2
a
a 42
p2
p2
p22
am
n
a
a a
a2
e8
4
e
e 84
an
m
a
an am
e4
mo
s
m
mos
am
1
am
3
5
d
p7
bc
6
st
2
bc
8
zk
f a
4
fa
d5
2
5
p
1
= r2
a
n
a
am n
b0 = 1
c0 = 1
d 0 =1
50 = 5
4 0 =4
=1
am
m
a
a a
am
m
a
a0
n am
=h
g f v
=a
m
n
2
2
=f
o p c
4 j2
v
g
=j
5 e3
c
o
=p
t ba
a
t
=b
2 h2
2
4
=e
3
5
xc
=x
n a = a n
1
c
o 5 = 5 o
c p =
2 8 = 8 2
1
j 9 = 9
b = b m
1
2
p t = t p
1
n
9
j
u d = d u
2 x = x
n a1
a c a+ b
+ =
b b
b
5 1 6
+ =
7 7 7
7 2 9
+ =
5 5 5
15 8 23
5
+ = =2
9 9 9
9
3 7 10
+ =
14 14 14
b a b+ a
+ =
a a
a
15 5 20
+ =
5 5 5
a b a+ b
+ =
b b
b
5 1 15+2 17
5
+ =
= =1
4 6
12
12
12
5 1 5+15 24
+ =
=
9 3
27
27
13 8 65+ 32 97
17
+ =
= =4
5 4
20
20
20
8 4 5+12 20
2
+ =
= =2
9 3
9
9
9
8
9
3 5 9+10 19
+ =
=
4 6
12
12
1 4 5+ 4 9 3
+ =
= =
3 15 15 15 5
1 8 3+16 19
+ =
=
2 3
6
3
2 1 2+2 4
+ =
=
4 2
4
4
3.-Resta de fracciones
5 1 4
=
7 7 7
12 5 7
=
8 8 8
13 3 5218 34
10
=
= =1
6 4
24
24
24
5 8 3524 11
=
=
3 7
21
21
1 1 24 2
=
=
8 2
8
8
3 1 154 11
=
=
4 5
20
20
3 5 1510 5 1
=
= =
6 15
30
30 6
4 5 3230 2
1
=
= =
6 8
48
48 48
5
4 54 1
=
=
10 10
10
10
7 5 75 2
=
=
3 3
3
3
5 1 5
x =
4 6 24
a c ac
x =
b d bd
5 1 5
x =
4 6 24
b a ba
x =
a b ab
8 8 64
x =
2 5 15
5 4 20
x = =1
4 5 20
8 3 18
x =
6 3 24
c a ca
x =
a b ab
j a ja
x =
d c dc
5 4 20
x = =2
2 5 10
4 1 20
: =
2 5 2
6 2 36
: =
3 6 8
1 1 3 1
= : =
2 2 1 6
3
1
a c ad
: =
b d bc
1 1 1 2
= : =
4 4 2 4
1
2
8 5 24
: =
2 3 15
c a cj
: =
d j da
5 11 45
: =
10 9 110
1 1 1 9
= : =
8 8 9 8
1
9
5 20 25
: =
8 5 160