A

Report On
Asp.net/ C# With Summer Training

Submitted in partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Technology

In
Information Technology

2015-2016

Submitted By:-Pooja Pandey

1250813034

Submitted To:-

Under Guidance of:-

Ms. Komal Asrani

H.O.D. (I.T.)

Ms. Preeti Singh

Industrial Training Co-Ordinator

Babu Banarasi Das Engineering College, Lucknow

U.P. (India)

ABSTRACT
This project work automates school management system. In the system two applications are
developed, Windows based (thick client) and Web based (thin client). The windows
application takes most of the activities such as offline student registering, transcript and
report card generation and producing the timetable. The web application facilitates attendance
recording by the homeroom teachers, to view status of students by their parents and to view
reports by kebele and kifle-ketema education bureau officials. Our solution of the timetable is
very simple. In the high school considered for the project there are ten subjects for both grade
nine and grade ten. Loads are assigned to each subject teacher and a code is given for each
teacher-subject combination. A simple search technique has been used during allocation of
each teacher-subject code to a time slot. A database has been used to enforce constraints and
to store data. The prototype has been tested with data from Kokebe Tsebah Secondary School.
It has been observed that the system successfully registers students, facilitates attendance
recording by the home room teachers and generates various reports such as report card,
transcript and a feasible timetable satisfying the constraints (requirements). It has also been
shown that the system facilitates to view the status of students by their parents using the
Internet or Intranet of the

College Department of I.T.

Engineering

Babu Banarasi Das

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A training work owes its success from commencement to completion, to

the people involved at various stages. I would like to express my sincere
gratitude indebtedness to Ms. Komal Asrani

(H.O.D., Department of

Information Technology) for allowing me to undergo the summer training

of 30/45 days at Review Technologies Company,Lucknow.
I am also thankful to all faculty members of the Department of I.T., for
their true help, inspiration and for helping me to preparation of the final
report and presentation.

Department of I.T.
College

Babu Banarasi Das Engineering

DECLARATION
I, Pooja Pandey,hereby declare that the work which is being presented in
this project/training titled .Net with C# Summer Training Program by
me, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of
Technology (B.Tech) Degree in Information Technology.

Date:
6/10/15

Pooja Pandey

Roll No:-1250813034
Ms. Komal Asrani
(HOD I.T.)
(Industrial Training) (Coordinator)

Ms. Preeti Singh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. PART
Introduction...06
IT Services..07
i. Software Solutions
ii. Web Solutions
iii. Search Engine Optimization
iv. Internet Marketing
v. Application Maintenance and Support
II. PART-A
Asp.net/C# With School Management System.08
Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET
Framework08
i. Visual Studio 2015.08
ii. C# Language..09
iii. ASP.Net..10
Theoretical Background......................................11
i. History of C#..............................................................11-13
ii. A brief version of asp.net..13-15
Features of C# with .net.15-16
Distinguish Features of C#................................................15-20
The evolution of C#.................................................................20
Importance of .net with C#................................................20-22
III. PART-B
School Management System Development..23-26
i. Theoretical Background..26-27
ii. Scope of the System..27-30
iii. Operating Envirnoment....30-31
iv. Data Management.30-31
v. Database.31-32
Performance Criteria.....32-33

Screen Shots of the Project.33-35

Conclusion35-36

PART I
Review Technologies Company
1. Introduction
.
Review Technologies is a Professional Web Design / Development,
Consultancy/ Software Solutions Company based in Lucknow, U.P. India. We are a team
of highly motivated and hard working Professionals having rich and extensive
experience in Developing Websites and providing complete IT solutions. We specialize in
creating effective online strategies for different organizations.
Review Technologies. is a leading software company that delivers tangible value to
leading organizations worldwide by designing, developing and implementing innovative
software solutions to stream line complex business processes or replace high maintenance
legacy applications that help industry leaders remain attentive and responsive to the need
of their client.
We offer high-end creative solutions for business communication. We are technically
skilled in creative concepts, visualization, artwork, graphics, layout and copywriting with
your profile and target audience in mind
2. IT Services
With the dedicated and adroit employees at Review Technologies, it has been adept in
assisting the growth of the nation in the field of Information Technology. Review
Technologies with its vision of quality and innovation has been successful in catering the
needs of those who seek our assistance in following areas of IT enabled services

1. Software Solutions
2. Web Solutions
3. Search Engine Optimization (web promotion)
4. Internet Marketing
5. Application Maintenance & Support

.software solutions: IT software solution professionals always work closely with

clients to
modify existing systems or create new systems. They may modify off
the shelf software and integrate it into the existing systems. They often work as part
of a team of software professionals responsible for the requirement specification,
system analysis and design, construction, testing, training and implementation, as well
as maintenance of a business software system.

Web Solutions: Web solutions refer to anything that helps business flourish online. It
includes website design and management, online sales management, and online
advertising.

Searche Engine Optimization: Search engine optimization is the

process of organizing a website's structure and content to obtain the maximum results
in the search engines. This can also be done with link building. You can attempt this
yourself, or search engine optimization companies also help websites to improve their
rankings, through these strategies.

Internet

Marketing: nternet marketing also known as online marketing, e-

marketing or web marketing is the marketing technique used online by the

companies to sell goods and services directly to consumers as well as those who
operate
on
a
business-to-business
model.
There are lots of benefits by using internet marketing:

Application Maintenance and Support: as applicable Working in a partnership

model with clients, our teams function as extension of our clients own IT teamin onsite,
offshore, or mixed onsite-offshore models to exploit the time zone differences and to provide
maximum flexibility for team ramp-ups and ramp-downs. Our teams thus maintain and
enhance legacy applications as well as develop and implement new applications and COTS.

Part II- A
Asp.net/C# With School Management System
Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework
I.

Visual Studio 2015

C# is an elegant and type-safe object-oriented language that enables developers to build a

variety of secure and robust applications that run on the .NET Framework. You can use C# to
create Windows client applications, XML Web services, distributed components, client-server
applications, database applications, and much, much more. Visual C# provides an advanced
code editor, convenient user interface designers, integrated debugger, and many other tools to
make it easier to develop applications based on the C# language and the .NET Framework.

The Visual C# documentation assumes that you have an understanding of basic

programming concepts. If you are a complete beginner, you might want to explore Visual
C# Express, which is available on the Web. You can also take advantage of books and Web
resources about C# to learn practical programming skills.

II.

C# Language

C# syntax is highly expressive, yet it is also simple and easy to learn. The curly-brace syntax
of C# will be instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with C, C++ or Java. Developers who
know any of these languages are typically able to begin to work productively in C# within a
very short time. C# syntax simplifies many of the complexities of C++ and provides powerful
features such as nullable value types, enumerations, delegates, lambda expressions and direct
memory access, which are not found in Java. C# supports generic methods and types, which
provide increased type safety and performance, and iterators, which enable implementers of
collection classes to define custom iteration behaviors that are simple to use by client code.
Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) expressions make the strongly-typed query a first-class
language construct.
As an object-oriented language, C# supports the concepts of encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism. All variables and methods, including the Main method, the application's entry
point, are encapsulated within class definitions. A class may inherit directly from one parent
class, but it may implement any number of interfaces. Methods that override virtual methods
in a parent class require the override keyword as a way to avoid accidental redefinition. In
C#, a struct is like a lightweight class; it is a stack-allocated type that can implement
interfaces but does not support inheritance.
In addition to these basic object-oriented principles, C# makes it easy to develop software
components through several innovative language constructs, including the following:
Encapsulated method signatures called delegates, which enable type-safe event notifications.
Properties, which serve as accessors for private member variables.
Attributes, which provide declarative metadata about types at run time.
Inline XML documentation comments.

Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) which provides built-in query capabilities across a

variety of data sources.
If you have to interact with other Windows software such as COM objects or native Win32
DLLs, you can do this in C# through a process called "Interop." Interop enables C# programs
to do almost anything that a native C++ application can do. C# even supports pointers and the
concept of "unsafe" code for those cases in which direct memory access is absolutely critical.
The C# build process is simple compared to C and C++ and more flexible than in Java. There
are no separate header files, and no requirement that methods and types be declared in a
particular order. A C# source file may define any number of classes, structs, interfaces, and
events.

Asp.NET
C# programs run on the .NET Framework, an integral component of Windows that includes a
virtual execution system called the common language runtime (CLR) and a unified set of
class libraries. The CLR is the commercial implementation by Microsoft of the common
language infrastructure (CLI), an international standard that is the basis for creating execution
and development environments in which languages and libraries work together seamlessly.
Source code written in C# is compiled into an intermediate language (IL) that conforms to the
CLI specification. The IL code and resources, such as bitmaps and strings, are stored on disk
in an executable file called an assembly, typically with an extension of .exe or .dll. An
assembly contains a manifest that provides information about the assembly's types, version,
culture, and security requirements.
When the C# program is executed, the assembly is loaded into the CLR, which might take
various actions based on the information in the manifest. Then, if the security requirements
are met, the CLR performs just in time (JIT) compilation to convert the IL code to native
machine instructions. The CLR also provides other services related to automatic garbage
collection, exception handling, and resource management. Code that is executed by the CLR
is sometimes referred to as "managed code," in contrast to "unmanaged code" which is
compiled into native machine language that targets a specific system. The following diagram
illustrates the compile-time and run-time relationships of C# source code files, the .NET
Framework class libraries, assemblies, and the CLR.

Language interoperability is a key feature of the .NET Framework. Because the IL code
produced by the C# compiler conforms to the Common Type Specification (CTS), IL code
generated from C# can interact with code that was generated from the .NET versions of
Visual Basic, Visual C++, or any of more than 20 other CTS-compliant languages. A single
assembly may contain multiple modules written in different .NET languages, and the types
can reference each other just as if they were written in the same language.
In addition to the run time services, the .NET Framework also includes an extensive library
of over 4000 classes organized into namespaces that provide a wide variety of useful
functionality for everything from file input and output to string manipulation to XML
parsing, to Windows Forms controls. The typical C# application uses the .NET Framework
class library extensively to handle common "plumbing" chores.

Objective: Understand Bsic Concept of C#

1. Like the C++ language, C# is an Object Oriented language programming language.
2. C# is a new language especially developed from scratch to work with the .NET
environment.
3. Using C# we can write a webpage, XML based applications like web services,
Components for distributed applications as well as desktop applications.
4. Generally many people spell C# as C#.Net (C Sharp dot Net), but here Microsoft
developed the .Net environment mainly for distributed applications (the sharing of
processing between client and server) and in C#.Net "Net" indicates that C# is used to

develop only Distributed Applications but using C# we can develop any kind of
software applications including Windows applications.

1. List object to Number List object.whats will happened and why. If there is a problem
so whats the solution.
Create a Generic ArrayList of Number add some element to it.Create a Another Generic
ArrayList of Integers. Assign Number List object to Integer List object.whats will happened
and why. If there is a problem so whats the solution.
2. Can we use instance of operator with Generic Class Object .Give Example
3. Demonstrate the use of Generic iterator.
4. Write a Generic Class that will work for only number data types like
int,float,double,Byte.

3. Theoretical background
HISTORY OF C# (pronounced as see sharp) is a multi-paradigm programming language
encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented
(class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by
Microsoft within its .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by Ecma (ECMA-334)
and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270:2006).
C# is one of the programming languages designed for the Common Language Infrastructure.
C# takes its name from C and C++ languages. In C language ++ operator is used to
increment an integer. That was the reason for naming a language which is an upper version of
C and supports Object Oriented programming to be named as C++, meaning C + 1. After C+
+, C# was developed with the naming convention coming from this formula: C# = (C++)++
(As # is consisted of 4 +)
Anders Hejlsberg was leading a team which they did designed C#. He also designed Pascal
and Delphi languages previously. In C#, Anders took the syntax of popular object oriented
language of that time, Java as the base.
C# syntax is highly expressive, yet it is also simple and easy to learn. The curly-brace syntax
of C# will be instantly recognizable to anyone familiar with C, C++ or Java. Developers who
know any of these languages are typically able to begin to work productively in C# within a
very short time. C# syntax simplifies many of the of collection classes to define custom
iteration behaviors that are simple to use by client code. Language-Integrated Query (LINQ)
expressions make the strongly-typed query a first-class language construct. Lets look at the
changelog of the languages from 2.0 to upcoming 6. complexities of C++ and provides
powerful features such as nullable value types, enumerations, delegates, lambda expressions

and direct memory access, which are not found in Java. C# supports generic methods and
types, which provide increased type safety and performance, and iterators, which enable
implementers 0 versions:
typed local variables
Object and collection initializers
Auto-Implemented properties
C# 2.0

Generics

Partial types

Anonymous methods

Iterators

Nullable types
Getter/setter separate accessibility
Method group conversions (delegates)
Covariance and Contra-variance

Static classes

C# 3.0

Implicitly types
Query expressions
Lambda expressions
Expression trees
Partial methods

C# 4.0

Extension methods
ynamic binding
Named and optional arguments
Generic co- and contravariance
Embedded interop types (NoPIA)

C# 5.0
Asynchronous methods
Compiler-as-a-service (Roslyn)
C# 6.0 Planned/Done
Declaration expressions
Import of static type members into namespace
Exception filters
Await in catch/finally blocks
Default values for getter-only properties
Expression-bodied members
Parameter arrays for IEnumerable interfaces
Null propagator (Succinct null checking)
Binary literals and digit separators
C# 6.0 Maybe
String Interpolation
Constructor type inference
Succinct syntax for primary constructors

A brief version history of ASP.NET

ASP.NET Version History

ASP.NET Version
Introduced with .NET & IDE
Features Detail
4.5.1
4.5.1 and Visual Studio 2013
One ASP.NET
ASP.NET Scaffolding
ASP.NET Identity
4.5
4.5 and Visual Studio 2012
Strongly Typed Data Controls
Model Binding
Unobtrusive Validation
Bundling and Minification
Async Support
Support for asynchronous modules and handlers
Friendly URL
HTML5 Features enhancements
Support for WebSocket protocol
oAuth Support
4.0
4.0 and Visual Studio 2010

Introduced ClientIdMode property for Server Control

Routing
Introduced Meta tags MetaKeyword and MetaDescription
Chart Control
3.5
3.5 and Visual Studio 2008
Integrated ASP.NET AJAX
Support LINQ
New Data controls LINQ DataSource, ListView and DataPager
Dynamic Data
Multi-targeting Framework Support
2.0
2.0 and Visual Studio 2005
New Data controls GridView, FormView and DetailsViewDataSource controls
SQLDataSource, Object DataSource, AccessDataSource, XMLDataSource and
SiteMapDataSource
Navigation controls
Master pages
Cross Page Postbacks
Validation Groups
Themes
Skins
Login controls
Role Management
Profiles
Membership Service
Localization and Globalization
1.1

1.1 and Visual Studio .NET 2003

ASP.NET Mobile controls
Built-in support for ODBC and databases
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
1.0
1.0 and Visual Studio .NET
Support for Object-oriented Web application development
Use of DLL class libraries

4.Features of .net with c#

Visual C# .NET (pronounced Visual C sharp) is Microsoft's new-generation programming
language that integrates the flexibility of C++ with the short development cycle of Visual
Basic. These features, along with an array of new features, make Visual C# more than just the
sum of Visual Basic and C++.
Some of the features of Visual C# are

Garbage collection: The function of the garbage collector, provided by Visual C#, is
to check for the objects not being used by an application and to delete them from
memory.

Value/reference type system: According to the value/reference type system, the

standard data types, enumerations, and structures are called value types. Interfaces,
classes, and delegates are called reference types. This type system provides the advantage
of eliminating a number of memory bugs and simplifying object manipulation.

Unified declaration and definition of class methods: The unified declaration and
definition of class methods alleviates you from creating multiple files one for
declaration and the other for definition.

Delegates: A type-safe and secure object that contains a reference to a method. The
advantage of using delegates is that it is helpful in anonymous invocation, which means
that the method to be invoked is not known at compile time.

Simple thread synchronization: Enables you to create multithreaded applications.

Versioning: You need to explicitly override the members of a base class in a derived
class. This revision creates a new version without affecting the existing program.

Interoperability: Visual C# applications are platform-independent.

Access to native-code: Visual C# allows a developer to programmatically view the

native code.

Attributes: A declarative tag that you can use to describe various entities in your
programs

5.Main Features of C#
1. SIMPLE
1. Pointers are missing in C#.
2. Unsafe operations such as direct memory manipulation are not allowed.
3. In C# there is no usage of "::" or "->" operators.
4. Since it's on .NET, it inherits the features of automatic memory management and
garbage collection.
5. Varying ranges of the primitive types like Integer,Floats etc.
6. Integer values of 0 and 1 are no longer accepted as boolean values.Boolean values are
pure true or false values in C# so no more errors of "="operator and "=="operator.
7. "==" is used for comparison operation and "=" is used for assignment operation.
2. MODERN
1. C# has been based according to the current trend and is very powerful and simple for
building interoperable, scable, robust applications.
2. C# includes built in support to turn any component into a web service that can be
invoked over the internet from any application runing on any platform.
3. OBJECT ORIENTED
1. C# supports Data Encapsulation, inheritance,polymorphism, interfaces.
2. (int,float, double) are not objects in java but C# has introduces structures(structs)
which enable the primitive types to become objects.
int i=1;
string a=i Tostring(); //conversion (or) Boxing

4. TYPE SAFE
1. In C# we cannot perform unsafe casts like convert double to a boolean.
2. Value types (priitive types) are initialized to zeros and reference types (objects and
classes) are initialized to null by the compiler automatically.
3. arrays are zero base indexed and are bound checked.
4. Overflow of types can be checked.
5.INTEROPERABILITY
1. C# includes native support for the COM and windows based applications.
2. Allowing restriced use of native pointers.
3. Users no longer have to explicityly implement the unknown and other COM
interfacers, those features are built in.
4. C# allows the users to use pointers as unsafe code blocks to manipulate your old code.
5. Components from VB NET and other managed code languages and directlyt be used
in C#.
6. SCALABLE AND UPDATEABLE
1. .NET has introduced assemblies which are self describing by means of their manifest.
manifest establishes the assembly identity, version, culture and digital signature etc.
Assemblies need not to be register anywhere.
2. To scale our application we delete the old files and updating them with new ones. No
registering of dynamic linking library.

6. Distinguishing features of C#:

I. Portability
By design, C# is the programming language that most directly reflects the
underlying Common Language Infrastructure (CLI).[40] Most of its intrinsic types correspond
to value-types implemented by the CLI framework. However, the language specification does
not state the code generation requirements of the compiler: that is, it does not state that a C#
compiler must target a Common Language Runtime, or generate Common Intermediate
Language (CIL), or generate any other specific format. Theoretically, a C# compiler could
generate machine code like traditional compilers of C++ or Fortran

II. Typing
C#

supports strongly typed implicit variable declarations with the keyword var , and
implicitly typed arrays with the keyword new[] followed by a collection initializer.
C# supports a strict Boolean data type, bool . Statements that take conditions, such
as while and if , require an expression of a type that implements the true operator, such as
the Boolean type. While C++ also has a Boolean type, it can be freely converted to and from
integers, and expressions such as if(a) require only that a is convertible to bool,
allowing a to be an int, or a pointer. C# disallows this "integer meaning true or false"
approach, on the grounds that forcing programmers to use expressions that return
exactly bool can prevent certain types of programming mistakes such as if (a = b) (use of
assignment = instead of equality == , which while not an error in C or C++, will be caught
by the compiler anyway).
C# is more type safe than C++. The only implicit conversions by default are those that are
considered safe, such as widening of integers. This is enforced at compile-time, duringJIT,
and, in some cases, at runtime. No implicit conversions occur between Booleans and integers,
nor between enumeration members and integers (except for literal 0, which can be implicitly
converted to any enumerated type). Any user-defined conversion must be explicitly marked
as explicit or implicit, unlike C++ copy constructors and conversion operators, which are
both implicit by default.
C# has explicit support for covariance and contravariance in generic types, unlike C++ which
has some degree of support for contravariance simply through the semantics of return types
on virtual methods.
Enumeration members are placed in their own scope.
The C# language does not allow for global variables or functions. All methods and members
must be declared within classes. Static members of public classes can substitute for global
variables and functions.
Local variables cannot shadow variables of the enclosing block, unlike C and C++.

III. Meta programming

Meta programming via C# attributes is part of the language. Many of these attributes
duplicate the functionality of GCC's and VisualC++'s platform-dependent preprocessor
directives.

IV.Methods and functions

. Like C++, and unlike Java, C# programmers must use the keyword virtual to allow
methods to be overridden by subclasses
.Synchronized)] , and has Extension methods in C# allow programmers to use static methods
as if they were methods from a class's method table, allowing programmers to add methods to
an object that they feel should exist on that object and its derivatives.
The type dynamic allows for run-time method binding, allowing for JavaScript-like method
calls and run-time object composition.
C# has support for strongly-typed function pointers via the keyword delegate . Like the Qt
framework's pseudo-C++ signal and slot, C# has semantics specifically surrounding publishsubscribe style events, though C# uses delegates to do so.
C# offers Java-like synchronized method calls, via the
attribute [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions support for mutually-exclusive locks via the
keyword lock .

V. Property

.C#
using
attribute
syntax
rather
than
more
verbose
method
calls
provides properties as syntactic sugar for a common pattern in which a pair of
methods, accessor (getter) and mutator (setter) encapsulate operations on a
single attribute of a class. No redundant method signatures for the getter/setter
implementations need be written, and the property may be accessed

VI.

Namespace

A C# namespace provides the same level of code isolation as a Java package or a C+

+ namespace , with very similar rules and features to a package .

Memory access
In C#, memory address pointers can only be used within blocks specifically marked
as unsafe, and programs with unsafe code need appropriate permissions to run. Most object
access is done through safe object references, which always either point to a "live" object or
have the well-defined null value; it is impossible to obtain a reference to a "dead" object (one
that has been garbage collected), or to a random block of memory. An unsafe pointer can
point to an instance of a value-type, array, string, or a block of memory allocated on a stack.

Code that is not marked as unsafe can still store and manipulate pointers through
the System.IntPtr type, but it cannot dereference them.
addresses the problem of memory leaks by freeing the programmer of responsibility for
releasing memory Managed memory cannot be explicitly freed; instead, it is automatically
garbage collected. Garbage collection that is no longer needed.

Polymorphism
Unlike C++, multiple inheritance is not supported by C#, although a class can implement any
number of interfaces. This was a design decision by the language's lead architect to avoid
complication and simplify architectural requirements throughout CLI. When implementing
multiple interfaces that contain a method with the same signature, C# allows the programmer
to implement each method depending on which interface that method is being called through,
or, like Java, allows the programmer to implement the method once and have that be the
single invocation on a call through any of the class's interfaces.
However, C#, unlike Java, supports operator overloading. Only the most commonly
overloaded operators in C++ may be overloaded in C#.

Functional programming
Though primarily an imperative language, C# 2.0 offered limited support for functional
programming through first-class functions and closures in the form of anonymous
delegates. C# 3.0 expanded support for functional programming with the introduction of a
light weight syntax for lambda expressions, extension methods (an affordance for modules),
and a list comprehension syntax in the form of a "query comprehension" language.

The Evolution of C# The Microsoft was released version of C # 5.0 bundles with
.NET Framework 5.0 in Visual Studio.NET 2012 at August 2012. This version introduced
few The Microsoft was released the first version of C# 1.0 bundle with .NET Framework 1.0
in Visual Studio.NET 2002 at January 2002. C# was introduced programming language to
develop .NET Application and its supported managed code initially.
The Microsoft was released the second version of C# 2.0 bundle with .NET Framework 2.0
in Visual Studio.NET 2005 at November 2005. This version introduced couple of features
like
Generics,
Nullable
type,Partial
type
and
Anonymonus
methods.
The Microsoft was released the third version of C# 3.0 bundle with .NET Framework 3.0 in
Visual Studio.NET 2008 at November 2007. This version introduced many features like
implicitly typed local variables, Object Initializers, Lambda expressions, Extension
methods, Query expressions (LINQ), Expression trees and Automatic properties.
The Microsoft was released version of C # 4.0 bundles with .NET Framework 4.0 in Visual
Studio.NET 2010 at April 2010. This version introduced couple of features like Dynamic

binding, Optional parameters, Named arguments and more COM interoperability.

features
Asynchronus
and
Caller
information.

7.Importance of .Net with C#:

NET is a software framework that provides a lot of system functionality to
programming languages, and applications, design to use it. It provides support for
complex data structures (lists, etc.), access to system services (files, XML
read/writing, etc.) and many many more features. This is done through a common
interface but more importantly a common run time. So, the features are
implemented exactly the same way for all.
It's true value is that it brings languages like VB and C++ up to a common base.
Now a VB.NET developer has the same abilities as a C# developer.
. It is greatly simplifies the creating of powerful applications. Many things that I
had to code using C++ and MFC are now embedded into the framework. I can
turn around complex applications much quicker. For example, XML processing
required a lot of complex work in C++. With .NET & C# there are built in reader
and writer class.

 VB.NET is basically the VB language with extensions to support the .NET objects
an interfaces. ASP.NET is for building active server pages, utilizing VB.NET or
C#
As far as Jakko's assertion that it was taken from JRE. Development of .NET was going
on before JRE became predominent and JRE only supports Java. .NET can support
multiple languages. That means there is a bit of a difference.

Basic Features of C#

It has native garbage-collection.

It allows you to treat class-methods' signatures as free functions (i.e. ignoring the
statically typed this pointer argument), and hence create more dynamic and flexible
relationships between classes. edit if you don't know what this means, then try assigning
a member method returning void and accepting void to a void (*ptr)() variable. C#
delegates carry the this pointer with them, but the user doesn't always have to care about
that. They can just assign a void()method of any class to any other void() delegate.
It has a huge standard library with so much useful stuff that's well-implemented and
easy to use.

It allows for both managed and native code blocks.

Assembly versioning easily remedy DLL hell problems.

You can set classes, methods and fields to be assembly-internal (which means they are
accessible from anywhere within the DLL they're declared in, but not from other
assemblieInstead of a lot of noise (EJB, private static class implementations, etc) you get
elegant and friendly native constructs such as Properties and Events.

You have real generics (not the bad casting joke that Java calls generics), and you can
perform reflection on them.

It supports native resource-management idioms (the using statement). Java 7 is also

going to support this, but C# has had it for a way longer time.
It doesn't have checked exceptions :) (debatable whether this is good or bad)

It's deeply integrated with Windows, if that's what you want.

It has Lambdas and LINQ, therefore supporting a small amount of functional
programming.

It allows for both generic covariance and contravariance explicitly.

It has dynamic variables, if you want them.

Better enumeration support, with the yield statement.

It allows you to define new value (or non-reference) types.

Part-II
Part-B
School Management System Development
1. Objective of the project:Review Technologies will develop Website which will be based on requirements given by
you. The website will take care of requirements relating to branch operation as well as
consolidation functions at the level of Company Head Office.
The Website will be modular and generalized in nature and will comprise of following
components

Student Information System:

First Name, Last Name, Fathers Name, Mothers name, Date of Birth, and other
personal details

Photo of Student ,Address , telephone & mobile numbers of

o Student
o Parent
o Guardian

Scholar Number

Original Branch allotment / Branch transfer details

University Enrolment number

Reports for a student can be customized for the college, topics include:

Conduct report: Behavior in the college, involved in anti-social activities like ragging,
etc

Activity report : Participation in games, sports, event management, social activities,

wining of awards

Performance in recognized state/nation and international level tests and competitions

College Degree Management:

Create and manage the different degrees that are run in the college.

Define Degree Name

Define Degree Nature (Yearly, Class etc)

Define Degree Length

Enroll/Un-enroll students in a degree

Course Management:

Create and manage courses being offered by the college.

Define Course Code, Syllabus, Books and other information related to a course.

Map courses to degrees i.e courses being offered in a degree.

Enroll students in a course and manage current and carry over courses

Extensive collaboration tools for interactivity between faculty and students and also
among peers

Tools to manage homework, and assessments

Various communication tools including chat, discussion boards for knowledge sharing

Teacher feedback

Grading and performance reporting system

Time Table Management:

Generate schedule for classes, faculty and resources such as rooms, auditorium

Graphical representation of booked resources

Automatic timetable generation for students

Certificates and Document:

Student can request certificates that he/she wants to get issued.

Certificate can be associated with fees with automatic linkup with fees management,
auto approval, manual approval; rejection and complete certificate/document issue
management can be done.

Print the certificates/documents directly on college stationary or pre-defined format is

also present.

Documents handed over at time of admission. e.g. Address Certificate, Birth

Certificate etc

Certificates and Documents at time of graduation. e.g. Provisional Degree, Transfer

Certificate, Character Certificate, Final year Mark Sheet, 10th/12th Mark Sheet )

Attendance Record Management:

Attendance record for each course studied during the tenure at college

Generate reports for students and courses

Mark sheet Management:

Create and manage different heads and sub-heads for marking scheme

Store marks for each student for each course that he/she took in the college

Associate these heads/sub-heads with degree and courses

View/Print student mark sheets

Announce college results on the intranet/internet. Each student can then see the
results in his/her account.

Fees Management:

Create and manage fee heads and sub heads

Map these heads with degree and students enrolled in the academic year

Manage challans, receipts, student ledger and other accounting heads.

Manage student weavers, scholarships, fee payment in installments etc.

Manage student fines, miscellaneous collections like fees for certificates, transcripts,
etc.

Generate reports pertaining to daily/weekly/monthly fees collections, student

outstanding amount, student statements and other accounting reports.

Ability to link this module to your existing system for seamless integration with your
accounting department

Payroll Management:

Create and manage salary heads

Create and manage salary types

Map salary types to employees

Manage challans, receipts, student ledger and other accounting heads

Hostel Management:

Maintain details about hostels in the college. Maintain information related to total
number of rooms, room type, warden, manager, etc.

Store and retrieve student information who avail hostel facility

Ability to link hostel management with fees management module for seamless
integration of hostel and mess fees.

Report generation for hostel occupancy and other related reports.

Library Management:

Create and manage book records

Issue/receive books to students/faculty

Search books based on various parameters such as Name, Author Name

Generate reports on Book History, Student History, Utilization of books

Define/manage late fine

Inventory/Store Management:

Create and maintain list of categorized products and items

Issue/book/distribute items to departments/faculty

Generate resource utilization reports with the feature to book/block items and check
availability

Generate various reports to item utilization, department wise issue/pending items, and
other related reports

Alumni Management:

Create and maintain a complete database of details of alumni

Real-time communication with and among alumni via message boards, SMS, email
and file-sharing

Alumni Search: Alumni can search the profiles of others by various parameters such
as Name, Last Name etc.

Bdays / Anniversary this month: Dynamically generated information about the

birthdays and anniversaries of Alumni

Photographs can be shared by the Alumni

Reports:Various reports can be extracted from the system that gives the management access to real
time information. Some reports that can be generated are

Student listing with ability to choose any field from the profile

Student-Degree Enrollment report

Student-Course enrollment report

Student Attendance report

Student Mark sheet details

Library Book usage and student activity report

Fees collection report with ability to slice and dice fees heads

Fees Outstanding report

Resource utilization report

Hostel occupancy report

Certificate issued/requested/pending report and many more.

These are some of the features our system would. These can be tweaked to meet the
requirement of the institution with ease. The feature are not limited to what has been
mentioned above.

2. Theoretical Background
School Management System The project is titled "SCHOOL Data Management System".
This package once developed will help the school/institute to manage various details
pertaining to its students. This will help accounts department in maintaining the details
related to the fees & basic details like their security deposits, conveyance and etc, it will also
help management or we can say administration department in maintaining students basic
details as well as keeping a check on fees details. This package is basically developed for the
authorities of the school/institute to make their task easier or we can say this package
automate their tasks like maintaining students personal details, marinating cash details,
printing of receipts. This package helps the administrative & accounts department in
maintaining the students personal & fees related details.
The details of the system are as follows:
It is basically a Database management package for the authorities of the school/institute like
management, accounts & administrative department. All the details of the students & the
daily work of various departments are managed by the package i.e. Personal details, Cash
details, Fees status, printing of receipts etc. The package is by the name of School/institute
Data Management Package. Package helps the various departments in maintaining &
manipulating the data. School/institute data are divided into Personal information, Cash
details, fee status
The Package is developed to help the department maintaining the student details,
earlier the records where maintained manually, with the help of this package the
concerned departments will be able to improve the productivity, reduce the time, cost
factors associated with the system. The automation of the system will help the
organization in proper maintenance of the record, less manpower, less man-days, less
cost, proper & accurate functioning.
The basic need for the package was to automate the whole procedure of maintaining of
student details, earlier it was all done manually. By developing this package lot of burden was
removed from the department, which was maintaining students details. It improved the
efficiency, reduced the cost, and reduced the time need to do the work manually. With the
help of this package the past details of the students can assessed and reports can be generated
on this details.
In brief we can say this system was required to automate the processing of students details,
which was done manually before the development of the package. Earlier all the
information / data pertaining to the students was maintained manually or we can say it was on
paper, hence it created a problem for the organization/ school, how to manage it properly.

With the help of this system the organization/school is able to maintain the data properly &
accurately.
Why System was build?

Earlier, data pertaining to students was maintained manually.

Manual system was not efficient.

Cost of maintaining data manually was bigger or huge.

Large manpower was required.

The procedure was error prone, it was not accurate.

Manual system was not suited for electronic exchange of data.

Solution?
The solution for all this problem was to automate the system, automation of the students data
maintenance would reduce the manpower, man days will result in accurate data & above all
increase the efficiency of the concerned department.

.SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM

Scope of the system measures the scope of the project, which is going to be developed.
Answering following aspects can answer the project scope:
1. Context
2. Information objective
3. Function & Performance
4. Interfaces

The system SCHOOL data management system is a data management of students. All the
details of the students are managed with the help of this package i.e. their Personal
information, fees information & their report generation, with the help of this package the
organization can maintain & manipulate students data. This package has the provision for
adding new records, editing old records, viewing the database, searching facility, report
generation, help i.e. how to use the package & etc. Scope of the system can be measured with
the help of the dimensions.

Context:
This project is related to management of students data and the daily activities of the
authorities with the help of this package the user of this package, which is the department i.e.
administrative will be able to maintain the data through the computer which will help in
increasing he efficiency, accuracy of the department as well as help in electronic inter change
of the data. Administrative department can use this package to check for the details of the
students, whether they have paid their fees amount or whether it is due to them, through
which receipt no. it was paid they can study the past records analyze the trends.
Information objective:
Basically this is related to the Inputs & Outputs to the system. In other way we can say it is
related to the inputs required by the system & outputs generated by the system.
This package is basically data management package, in which the inputs given by the user is
itself the output of system it performs few calculation like the total cash received from the
students. We can say it is data management package, it provides the user with front end which
is very easy to use.
1. Inputs:
The input to the system is username & password for the system security, their
Personal details like Name, Address, Phone number, admission details, roll no for data
management, their fees details like admission fees, tuition, computer fee & etc .
Outputs:
The output for this system is the maintained records, personal details, fees details, fee status
& report generated. The outputs of the system are the records that were added in the database
as well as the reports that are generated with the help of he data in the database. Function &
Performance:
This dimension measures the scope of the system with the help of functions & performance
of the system. The basic function performed by the system is of data management & report
generation.
The system performs various functions like:
1. Security:
The first function of the system is to provide security from unauthorized access to the
data, which is provided with the help of user name & password at the beginning of the
package. This system is been developed for a single user hence no rights are
employed or we can say administrator is only the user.
2. Data maintenance:
The most important function of the system is to maintain student data, the data is
maintained with the help of different menus like adding, editing, viewing, searching

& etc. There are different kinds of data in the system like personal information, fees
information & cash details with the help of the front end data is managed.
3. Report generation:
The last function of the system is to generate reports of the data like student details
report, cash report, fee status report & etc. With the help of this report the data can be
electronically exchanged as well as the reviewing of policies can be done with the
help of reports.
These are some of the basic function performed by the system Student Data
Management.
Interfaces:
Interfaces are the link between the user and the system, basically we can say interfaces are
the objects through which user of the system interacts with the system. This system has
different interfaces through which user interacts with the system they are:
1. Login interface:
This is the first interface in which user is required to enter the username &
password if the password is correct then access is granted otherwise not. User
has got three attempts to enter the correct password; if he is not able to enter
the correct password in three attempts then the system is exited.
2. Data maintenance:
This is the most important interface in the system in which the user interacts with
the system to store the data or to retrieve the data from the database, this
interface has got many sub parts like addition of records, editing of records,
searching of records & etc.
3. Reports:
This interface is the output for the system in which the user receives the results
or output, which is required in the form of reports like cash details, student
details & fee status.

OPERATING ENVIORNMENT
The system is developed in Visual Basics 6.0 / M S Access and run under windows 95/98 &
upper versions.
Visual Basics:
Visual basics is event driven programming language, which is used to develop front end for
the application. This is called event driven because every action of the user is an event & the
application is driven with the help of these events, which are programmed with the help of
Visual basics. In Visual basics there are forms, Controls, reports & many more things to
provide the user with overwhelming experience of user friendliness. Visual basics is a

programming language for windows environment & provides the user with windows like
interface.
M.S. Access:
Access is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that you can use to store and
manipulate large amounts of information. Because its tools are user-friendly and because it is
a powerful development environment, Access is equally appropriate for novices and MIS
professionals.
Beginners can use Access to:
1. Store and manage various types of inventories.
2. Log information such as auto repairs for cars, doctor visits, etc.
3. Create contact management databases that can track contacts, but phone calls,
meetings, and any other interactions with contacts.
Developers can use Access to:
1. Create applications that manage survey results.
2. Manage front ends for enterprise-wide database such as SQL server.
3. Establish help-desk applications.
Access is an object-oriented program; that is, everything in Access is an object, including the
application itself. Each object has properties that define how it looks and performs. The uses
of Access are limited only by the needs of an organization and the imagination of the user or
developer.

Persistent Data Manahement:

Persistent data management deals with how the persistent data (file, database, etc) are stored
and managed and it outlives a single execution of the system. Information related to student
basic information, students attendance and grade mark, the timetable produced and other
related information are persistent data and hence stored on a database management system.
This allows all the programs that operate on the SMS data to do consistently. Moreover,
storing data in a database enables the system to perform complex queries on a large data set
The schools register students every year in thousands per grade level. For complex queries

over attributes and large dataset Microsoft SQL Server is implemented, which is a Relational
Database Management System.
.

DATA BASE:
A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemes, tables, queries,
reports, views and other objects. The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in
a way that supports processes requiring information, such as modelling the availability of
rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts
with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A
general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and
administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include MySQL, PostgreSQL,Microsoft
SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase and IBM DB2. A database is not generally portable across
different DBMSs, but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such
as SQL and ODBC or JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one
DBMS. Database management systems are often classified according to the database
model that they support; the most popular database systems since the 1980s have all
supported the relational model as represented by the SQL language.[disputed discuss]Sometimes a
DBMS is loosely referred to as a 'database'

SQL-SEVER:
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft.
As a database server, it is a software product with the primary function of storing and
retrieving data as requested by other software applicationswhich may run either on the same
computer or on another computer across a network (including the Internet).
Microsoft markets at least a dozen different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at
different audiences and for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to
large Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.

Microsoft makes SQL Server available in multiple editions, with different feature sets and
targeting different users. These editions are:

Datacenter
SQL Server 2008 R2 Datacenter is the full-featured edition of SQL Server and is
designed for datacenters that need the high levels of application support and
scalability. It supports 256 logical processors and virtually unlimited memory. Comes

with StreamInsight Premium edition. [49] The Datacenter edition has been retired in
SQL Server 2012, all its features are available in SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition.
Enterprise
SQL Server Enterprise Edition includes both the core database engine and add-on
services, with a range of tools for creating and managing a SQL Server cluster. It can
manage databases as large as 524 petabytes and address 2 terabytes of memory and
supports 8 physical processors. SQL Server 2012 Enterprise Edition supports 160
physical processors.[51]
Standard
SQL Server Standard edition includes the core database engine, along with the standalone services. It differs from Enterprise edition in that it supports fewer active
instances (number of nodes in a cluster) and does not include some high-availability
functions such as hot-add memory (allowing memory to be added while the server is
still running), and parallel indexes.
Web
SQL Server Web Edition is a low-TCO option for Web hosting.
Business Intelligence
Introduced in SQL Server 2012 and focusing on Self Service and Corporate Business
Intelligence. It includes the Standard Edition capabilities and Business Intelligence
tools: PowerPivot, Power View, the BI Semantic Model, Master Data Services, Data
Quality Services and xVelocity in-memory analytics.[52]
Workgroup
SQL Server Workgroup Edition includes the core database functionality but does not
include the additional services. Note that this edition has been retired in SQL Server
2012.
Express
SQL Server Express Edition is a scaled down, free edition of SQL Server, which
includes the core database engine. While there are no limitations on the number of
databases or users supported, it is limited to using one processor, 1 GB memory and
10 GB database files (4 GB database files prior to SQL Server Express 2008 R2). [53] It
is intended as a replacement for MSDE. Two additional editions provide a superset of
features not in the original Express Edition. The first is SQL Server Express with
Tools, which includes SQL Server Management Studio Basic. SQL Server Express
with Advanced Services adds full-text search capability and reporting services.

Performance Criteria:
The part of the system to be used for the record office should have a fast response
time (real time) with maximum throughput. Furthermore, the system should not be
taking up too much space in memory. The record officer has chosen fast response time
over throughput and hence the system should try to be more interactive. In the case of
the timetabling subsystem, the system should be more reliable in order to satisfy the
constraints than fast response time.

Dependibility:
The school needs the system to be highly dependable as it is expected to be used by
nonIT professionals. The system should be robust and fault tolerant. Furthermore, as the
system is handling sensitive data of the school, high emphasis should be given with regards to
security, as there are subsystems to be accessed through web.

Maintenance
The system should be easily extensible to add new functionalities at a later stage. It
should also be easily modifiable to make changes to the features and functionalities.

End User Criteria Usability:

Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve
specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.
From the end users perspective the system should be designed in such a way that it is easy to
learn and use, efficient and having few errors if any. Trade-off is inevitable in trying to
achieve a particular design goal. One best case is the issue of security versus response time.
Checking User-Id and Password before a member can enter to the SMS creates response time
problem/overhead. The other case is the issue of response time versus quality. There is some
amount of time taken by the system to generate the timetable. So the user has to wait a little
after telling the system to generate the timetable and getting the result to get a quality
timetable.

Screenshots of Apps:

WELCOME TO USER SECTION

Welcome user Logout

STUDENT

Student Registration

Registration Due/Clear

Roll No. Allotment

Transfer Certificate

Promote Class

Update Leaving Student

Student Fee Collection

FEE

Student Fee Status

Student Fee Report

Bus Fee Collection

Bus Fee Report

ATTENDANCE

Student Attendance

Edit Attendance

Attend Search Date Betw

Attend by Class/Reg No.

RESULT

Class I to II Entry

EVALUTION I/ II/ III

Co_Scholastic

Class III to V Entry

EVALUTION I/ II/ III

Co_Scholastic

Class VI to VIII Entry

FA1/FA2/FA3/SPI1/SPI2

Co_Scholastic

Report & Print

Class I to II

I to II Co_Scholastic

Class III to V

III to V Co_Scholastic

Class VI to VIII

VI to VIII Co_Scholastic

Final Result

Class I and II

Class III to V

Class VI to VIII

HOSTEL

Enter Bed Number

Book Room

Due Hostel Fee Collection

Releasing Room

Classwise Due Stud List

TIME TABLE

Entry Time Table Details

Teacher Wise Schedule

Day Wise Schedule

Section Wise Schedule

EMPLOYEES DETAILS

Employee Registration

Employee Salary Details

Emp Bulk Attendance

Employee Salary

STOCK

Stock Item Master

Stock Item Entry

Stock Report Details

ALUMNI

Alumni Details

Sms Sending Procedure

HELP

Student Registration Form

Register Student

*Registrat
ion Date :

FM00837

*Form No.

Preview

2015-16

Session :

Note
:Plea
se
Nam
e
Stud
ent
Phot
o
with
Reg
No
befor
e
Uplo
ad

RT00837

*Reg No.:

Batch :

Form
Valid Till :

Class :
Image :

INFORMATION OF CHILD

Last
Name
*DOB
Nationali
ty

Middle
Name
D
D

MM

YYY Place
Y
of Birth
*Religi
on

*First Name

State
GEN/OBC/SC/
ST

PERMANENT ADDRESS DETAILS

Address

Phone
with
Code

Mobile

EmailId

Fax

PREVIOUS SCHOOL DETAILS

School where Student is Presently Studing

Class
Studing

CBSE

Medium

ICSC

State

School Affilated to :
Board

Next

Cancel

CONCLUSION
In this project, we developed an automated school management system that
facilitates the various activities taking place at schools. The system developed in the
project consists of windows and web applications. These are two different
applications on the same database. The windows application takes most of the
activities such as offline student registering, transcript and report card generation and
producing the timetable. The web application facilitates attendance recording by the
homeroom teachers and to view reports, to view status of students by students,
teachers and parents. Our solution of the timetabling problem is very simple. Data
structures are used to implement the timetable designed. The scheduler selects a
subject-teacher from the database, retrieves all the classes assigned to the teacher,
calculates the load of the teacher which cannot be greater than the maximum load and
selects one of the days randomly based on the number of lessons of the subject,
searches a free appropriate time slot and assigns the slot to the lesson. The scheduler
repeats the process until the load of the teacher becomes zero and all the teachers in
the database are visited. Finally the result generated is stored in a database. The
prototype has been tested with data from Kokebe Tsebah Secondary School. It has
been shown that the system effectively registers students along with parental
information, easily retrieves information about a student and generates the required

reports such as transcript, report card and timetable. In addition to generating a

feasible master timetable it produces a timetable for each teacher. Further more it has
been shown that the web application of the system helps attendance recording by the
homeroom teacher and parents can view the status of their children using the Internet
or Intranet of the school.
the things that I learned for two years. I do not regret anything in this experience
and I thank all those who have allowed such a thing feasible. The training people will
remain forever engraved in my memory . The people I met here are not just
classmates, roommates and professors, they are friends, and once again I thank you
all.