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AbstractIn this paper, we propose a relay selection amplify-andforward (RS-AF) protocol in general bidirectional relay networks with
two sources and N relays. In the proposed scheme, the two sources first
simultaneously transmit to all the relays, and then, a single relay with a
minimum sum symbol error rate (SER) will be selected to broadcast the
received signals back to both sources. To facilitate the selection process,
we propose a simple suboptimal minmax criterion for relay selection,
where a single relay that minimizes the maximum SER of two source
nodes will be selected. Simulation results show that the proposed minmax
selection has almost the same performance as the optimal selection with
lower complexity. We also present a simple asymptotic SER expression
and make a comparison with the conventional all-participate AF relaying scheme. The analytical results are verified through simulations. To
improve the system performance, optimal power allocation (OPA) between the sources and the relay is determined based on the asymptotic
SER. Simulation results indicate that the proposed RS-AF scheme with
OPA yields considerable performance improvement over an equal-powerallocation scheme, particularly with a large number of relay nodes.
Index TermsAmplify-and-forward (AF) protocol, analog network
coding, relay selection, two-way relaying.
I. I NTRODUCTION
Bidirectional relay communications have recently attracted considerable interest, and transmission schemes in bidirectional relay
networks have been analyzed and compared [1]. In [2] and [3],
an amplify-and-forward (AF)-protocol-based network coding scheme
was discussed. The transmission in this AF bidirectional relay network
takes place in two time slots. Two source nodes first transmit at
the same time through one or multiple relays. The relay receives a
superimposed signal, then amplifies the received signal, and forwards
it back to both source nodes. Analog network coding has been proved
particularly useful in wireless networks, because the wireless channels
are used as a natural implementation of network coding by summing
the wireless signals over the air [1][5].
1955
(2)
where k = (ps |h1,rk |2 + ps |h2,rk |2 + N0 )(1/2) is an amplification factor so that the signal transmitted by the relay satisfies the
following power constraint:
2
E xrk 1.
(3)
Then, the relay Rk forwards xrk to two source nodes. The signal
, can be
received by Si , where i = 1, 2, which is denoted by yi,k
written as
=
yi,r
k
(4)
Fig. 1.
Block diagram of the proposed RS-AF scheme and the AP-AF scheme.
(5)
y2,rk = k s1 + w2,rk
(6)
2
s1 = arg max y2,rk k s1
s1 (t)A
2
s2 = arg max y1,rk k s2 .
(1)
yrk = ps h1,rk s1 + ps h2,rk s2 + nrk
y1,rk = k s2 + w1,rk
(7)
s2 (t)A
(8)
1956
ci,rk
(9)
where
is
the
Gaussian-Q
function,
Q(x) =
Q()
.
Var wi,rk
2
i,rk =
(10)
2) S-RS-AF: The aforementioned O-RS-AF scheme is very difficult to analyze. In this section, we propose the suboptimal relay
selection amplify-and-forward (S-RS-AF) scheme. It is well known
that the sum SERs of two source nodes, i.e., SER1,rk + SER2,rk ,
is typically dominated by the SER of the worst user. As a result,
for low complexity, the relay node, which minimizes the maximum
SER of two users, can be selected to achieve the near-optimal SER
performance. We refer to such a selection criterion as the minmax
selection criterion. Let R denote the selected relay. Then, the minmax
selection can be formulated as follows:
Define kmin = min{1,rk , 2,rk }. Let f min (x) and F min (x) repk
k
resent its pdf and cdf, respectively. Then, the pdf of R can be
calculated by using order statistics as [25]
1
(x)
fR (x) = N f min (x)FNmin
k
2 N 1
1 1Fk (x)
(14)
r +s
K1
r s
2x
r s
2x
r s
+2K0
U (x)
(15)
(11)
lim fk (x) =
x0
exp x
2
2
(16)
(12)
where k = 1, . . . , N .
lim FR (x) =
N
lim (1 exp(x))
2
2
(20)
FR
cR }
X2
<
c
= E FR
(19)
=P
(13)
= (x)N .
r h1,rk + s h2,rk
2
2
2
r s h1,rk h2,rk
(18)
SERRS = P {X >
2
2
r s h1,rk h2,rk
=
2
2
r h1,r + s h2,r + 1
k
(17)
1,rk
Fk (x) = 1 exp x .
2
X2
c
X2
c
FX (x)dx.
(21)
N
x2N exp
2
x
2
dx.
(22)
(2N 1)!!
2
/k [28],
N
(23)
n
N
i,rk
(24)
k=1
where AP,i represents the effective SNR at the ith source node. For
fairness, the total transmit energy and equal power division among
relay nodes are assumed for both systems.
By using a general result based on [4], [6], [7], and [29], the SER
in (23) can be approximated in the high-SNR regime by considering a
first-order expansion of the cdf of AP,i . In particular, if the first-order
expansion of the cdf of AP,i can be written in the form
N +
N
+ o AP,i
,
FAP,i (x) = AP,i
>0
(25)
N
(2N 1)!! Fi,rk
.
N
2N !cN
i,r
k
(26)
N
fi,rk (0)
(27)
N
(2N 1)!!
=
N r1 + s1
.
2N !cN
(28)
SERRS
= N!
SERAP,i
1 + 2
1 + 2N
(30)
(31)
(32)
p
2
(33)
which indicates that the power allocated in the relay should be equal to
the total transmit power at both sources to compensate for the energy
used to broadcast the combined information in one time slot, regardless
of the number of relays.
The SER improvement using OPA compared with EPA can be
calculated as
8 N
9
(34)
increases. Note that the major difference between RS-AF and AP-AF
is that RS-AF utilizes all the transmit power in the best relay, whereas
AP-AF equally splits the transmit power into every relay node. In
RS-AF, there exists a relay node determination process, but in AP-AF,
there is none.
SERopt
=
SERequ
k=1
1957
N
(29)
We can easily prove that the ratio in (29) is always smaller than 1
for all N > 1. It clearly indicates that RS-AF obtains better SER than
AP-AF, and this gain gets larger when the number of relay nodes
1958
Fig. 3. Simulated SER performance by the proposed RS-AF and the AP-AF
schemes, where ps = pr = 1.
1959
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