DOPPLER-VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO RANGE
DVOR-RYS

SHORT DESCRIPTION
AND

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

1. DVOR-RYS General Information

1.1 General
The VOR (Very high frequency Omnidirectional Radio range) is a radio navigation aid recommended by the ICAO and
introduced internationally for short and medium range aircraft guidance. It can be remote controlled and remote monitored.
The DVOR radio navigation equipment is a further development of the conventional VOR. Through its utilization of the
Doppler Effect and a widebased antenna system it is able to produce a considerably more precise azimuth signal. DVOR
radio navigation installations are used mainly where the geographical conditions are difficult.
The principle on which the (D) VOR operates is based on the measurement of the phase angle of two 30 Hz signals radiated
by the station. One signal (reference signal) is radiated with the same phase in all directions. For the second 30Hz signal
(variable signal), the phase relationship relative to the first signal changes as a function of the azimuth. The electric phase
angle measured in the airborne receiver corresponds to the azimuth angle.
Main features of DVOR-RYS in particular are as follows:
----Available as main or standby equipment with power up to 50W or 100W;
----advanced technology based on the established and proved Navaids System, in conformance with ICAO standards;
----Antenna configuration: 48 sideband antennas with DSB radiation, having a minimum of distortion on the 9960 Hz
subcarrier, High signal quality and long time stability of transmitted signals, real time monitoring;
----30Hz ref phase are generated and controlled by micro-professor to act amplitude modulation . The phase number is
adjustable.
----Carrier and sideband signal are generated by frequency synthesizer. The carrier frequency are changeable via keyboard,
the phase number of the sideband signal are adjustable.
----Modular design, signal digitalization and unit modular design, features with high integrity and high reliability.
----Utilize LCD and keyboard, friendly interface and convenient to operate.
----Local computer can realize function of parameter setting, system calibration and status indication through LOCAL
port.
----Remote computer can realize function of parameter setting, system calibration and status indication through
REMOTE port.
----Parameter can be set and modified by means of password.

The DVOR system can be combined with a DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) to form a DVOR/ DME station. Then an
aircraft can determine its position by referring to the location of a single DVOR/DME station.
The DVOR equipment can be supplied already installed in a container shelter. The DVOR-antenna system is mounted on a
counterpoise optionally available in different heights as made necessary depending by local conditions.
1.2 DVOR/VOR PRINCIPLE
Todays airway network is marked by a number of VOR and DVOR ground beacons operating in the 108...118 MHz
frequency range and having a transmission range of up to 300 km (optical propagation characteristics of VHF). VOR/DVOR
produces an azimuth information which enables the pilot of an aircraft to fly from one (D)VOR station to another on a
preselected course. Deviations from this course are indicated by an instrument giving the information "fly to the right" or "fly
to the left" and also a "to/from" indication showing whether the aircraft is flying toward the beacon or away from it. The basic
arrangement of a DVOR installation is shown in Fig. 11.

1.2.1 VOR Method

The RF signal radiated by a VOR is modulated by two 30 Hz sinewaves. Both 30 Hz signals have a certain phase
relationship, which is dependent on the direction from which the signal is received. The phase relationship is identical to the
geographical angle between North and the direction of the aircraft relative to the ground beacon (azimuth). One of the two 30
Hz oscillations is irrespective of the azimuth (reference signal), whilst the phase relationship of the second 30 Hz oscillation
to the reference signal varies with the azimuth (variable signal). The reference signal and the variable signal are modulated in
different ways.
The direction-independent (reference) signal frequency modulates a subcarrier of f0 9960 Hz with a frequency shift of 480
Hz. The subcarrier is then radiated as amplitude modulation of the carrier f 0 with 30% modulation depth by a horizontally
polarised antenna with omni-directional characteristics.
In addition, the carrier f0 is modulated with an identity code (1020 Hz) as well as with voice(300~3000 Hz).
The direction-dependent (variable) signal is radiated by 2 crossed dipoles. The crossed dipoles receive sideband signals from
the two sideband transmitters with a 90 phase difference in the envelope. The carrier of the sideband signals is suppressed.
This results in a signal-in-space with a "figure-eight pattern" rotating 30 times per second.
Since the carrier f0 is radiated by an antenna with omnidirectional characteristics, the superposition of the carrier and the
30Hz sidebands in the field - if the phase is correctly set-produces a pure amplitude modulation, with the phase of the
resulting 30Hz signal being dependent on the azimuth, related to the 30Hz reference signal.
1.2.2 DVOR Method
In the DVOR the functions of the two 30Hz oscillations have been interchanged as compared with the conventional VOR.
This means that the 30Hz oscillation which amplitude-modulates the VHF carrier now acts as the reference signal, whilst the
directional, frequency-modulated 30Hz oscillation (variable signal) is contained in the 9960Hz subcarrier. The carrier
oscillation is transmitted omnidirectionally by a stationary center antenna. It is amplitude-modulated with the voice
(300~3000Hz) and the identity code in addition to the 30Hz reference signal. The 9960Hz subcarrier signal is transmitted by
a sideband radiator, which can be considered to be rotating along a circular path. The radiated sideband frequency is offset by
+9960Hz or 9960Hz with respect to the carrier frequency. If the sideband radiator rotates with a frequency of 30Hz, the

Doppler Effect will cause the subcarrier to be frequency-modulated as a function of the azimuth.
A circle with radius "R" of 7.5~6.5m is required in the frequency range from 108 to 118MHz, in order to obtain the frequency
deviation of 480Hz stipulated by the ICAO. The equation for determining R is derived from the formula for the Doppler
Effect.
The different methods used to generate the two 30Hz signals in the VOR and DVOR is of equipment-internal significance
only. The VOR receiver installed in the aircraft has no means of determining externally whether the received signal originates
from a VOR or DVOR ground station. However the DVOR permits a considerably more precise azimuth specification thanks
to the wide-base antenna system which can be realized only by utilization of the Doppler Effect. The two 30Hz signals have a
particular phase relationship with respect to one another and with respect to magnetic north in accordance with the azimuth.
With an azimuth angle of 0 (North) the phase angle between the two signals is 0. With an azimuth angle of 180 (South) the
phase angle is 180, with an azimuth angle of 90 (East) it is 90 and with an azimuth angle of 270 (West) it is 270. The
radio reference lines, along which the azimuth angle remains constant, are radial with respect to the DVOR installation. Fig.12 shows the phase relationship which is obtained between the reference signal and the direction dependent signal in various
directions.

Fig. 1-2 Azimuth as a function of the phase angle

1.2.3 Doppler Effect and Direction-Dependent FM
Fig. 13 shows generation of direction-dependent frequency modulation with the aid of the Doppler Effect. If
omnidirectional antenna A is orbiting mechanically in an anticlockwise direction, the frequency measured by the two
observers B1 and B2 will be increased or reduced due to the Doppler Effect (providing the diameter "D" is negligible as
compared with the distance of the observers from the system), depending on whether the antenna is moving towards the
observers or away from them. The frequency change f is a function of the orbiting speed or the orbiting frequency fn, the
diameter D of the orbit and the mean radiated wavelength0. The relationship is expressed as follows:
If antenna A begins its orbit at point 1 and continues via 2 and 3 to 4, the frequencies received by the two observers B1 and
B2 will change as a function of time. If a reference signal with the same frequency is transmitted at the same time by an
omnidirectional, central antenna M, the phase angle between the reference signal (of antenna M) and the changing frequency
(of antenna A) will be in proportion to the azimuth (observers position), i.e. the phase relationship of signal M and A with
respect to one another is a function of the azimuth. The reference point is magnetic north (point 1), where both signals are inphase.

Fig. 13 Generation of the direction-dependent FM

It can be seen from the frequency spectrum (Fig.1-4) that the azimuth-dependent frequency modulation of the DVOR is
located on the subcarrier f1= 9960Hz. The two sidebands (f0+f1) and (f0 f1) are generated separately in the DVOR
transmitter for this purpose, and radiated via "rotating" outer antennas. The powers and phase relationships of the sidebands
with respect to the carrier are set such that when added in the far field an amplitude-modulated composite signal re-emerges.
If the outer antennas for the two sidebands are then allowed to orbit in an anticlockwise direction, but with their phases
reversed, the requirement for frequency modulation of the sidebands in the double sideband mode is fulfilled automatically,
namely that an increase in the frequency in the upper sideband must be coupled with a lowering of the frequency in the lower
sideband and vice versa. The depth of modulation of the individual frequencies can be adjusted within certain limits. The
values which apply for the normal cases are:
30 Hz navigation signal
30 %
9960 Hz auxiliary carrier
30 %
Voice
30 %
Identity code
10 %

Fig. 14 Frequency spectrum of the DVOR (VOR) omnidirectional radio beacon

Fig. 15 (D) VOR signal amplitude modulated with 30 Hz and 9960 Hz

1.2.4 Electronic Simulation of the Antenna Movement
The subcarrier frequency deviation of 480 Hz and the carrier frequency range of 108~118 MHz are the same as with the
conventional VOR. Taking a mean carrier frequency of 113 MHz (= 2.65m) the equation below reveals that the orbit must
have a diameter of 13.5m:

-6-

The orbital movement of the sideband signals at an orbiting frequency of 30Hz is best implemented by electronic means. 50
fixed, equidistant single antennas are installed on the orbit for this purpose. They are fed in sequence via an antenna switching
unit such that the focal point of radiation orbits at the desired velocity.
If the double sideband method is used (f0+f1 and f0f1), the two sidebands whose focal points of radiation are orbiting in the
same direction are transmitted by antennas opposite one another on the orbital path. To achieve this effect the antenna
switching unit activates sideband antenna 1 with the upper sideband (f0+9960Hz) and sideband antenna 26 with the lower
sideband (f09960Hz) simultaneously (Fig.16a). When antennas 1 and 26 reach their radiation peak, the adjacent antennas 2
and 27 are activated. As soon as these reach their radiation peak, the upper sideband of antenna 1 is switched to 3 and
simultaneously the lower sideband of antenna 26 is switched to 28 (Fig.16b). This method of activation of the sideband
antennas and the modulation of the sideband signals result in a continuous, almost smooth orbiting of the focal points of
radiation of the upper and lower sidebands.

Fig. 16 Switching of the sideband antennas in the DVOR 1.2.5 Monitoring

According to ICAO, Annex 10 all navigation systems must be permanently monitored for correct radiation by an
independently operating monitoring system.
In the case of the DVOR this signal monitoring is performed by one or two monitors, whereby signal components are
obtained via equipment-internal coupling circuits and one (or two) monitor dipoles, and supplied to the monitor.
In case of dual monitoring these are split by the monitor divider switch and transferred to the two monitors, whereby the
monitor 1 signal processing is driven by monitor signal processor 1 and the monitor 2 by monitor signal processor 2 in order
to select the various signals in accordance with a specified control sequence. The actual values of the signals are compared
with nominal values by the processor. Any deviation from the nominal values exceeding specified tolerance thresholds always
leads to an alarm and to an automatic switchover to the standby transmitter or shut down of the system.