SYS Bolt Manual

Bolt Connections
Design Software for Bolt Connections of Steel Structures
With the best Complement of

Siam Yamato Steel Co., Ltd.
1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand

Tel: (66 2) 586-2783-4, 586-5563, 586-2371-2
Fax: (66 2) 586-2687, 910-3123
E-mail: yamato@cementhai.co.th
Manual
SYS Bolt Connection
DISCLAIMER
CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSEHAVE GONE
INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SYS
BOLT CONNECTIONS DESIGN PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN THOROUGHTLY TESTED AND USED. IN
USING THE PROGRAM, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS
AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED BY THE DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS
ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THE
PROGRAM.
THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM AND MUST INDEPNDENTLY
VERIFICATION THE RESULTS.
Contents
Introduction to SYS Bolt Connections
Fundamental of Steel Connection Design
Shear Plate Design Module
15
Shear Angle Design Module
19
Bending Splice Plate Design Module
23
Beam Moment End Plate Design Module
27
Calculation Example: Shear Plate Connection
31
Calculation Example: Shear Angle Connection
36
Calculation Example: Bending Splice Plate Connection
42
Calculation Example: Bending Moment End Plate Connection
51
References
55
SYS Bolt Connections Manual
Introduction
Introduction
SYS Bolt is a design software for bolt connections. The software is able to design
simple shear connection and moment connection. There are four modules namely, Shear
Plate Design, Shear Angle Design, Beam Moment End Plate Design, and Bending Splice
Plate Design. All modules are written in the same environment and interactively interface
with users.
The software uses windows platform. Users can easily control the program by the
command buttons as shown.
Exit
About
Run Program
Preview
Save File
Open File
Project Description
Figure 1. Control Buttons
Project Description Input Box
The project description input box shows user information about the project e.g.
project name, job title, job no., engineer. The relevant information of Design task
can be input as the reference
Figure 2. Project Description

-2-
Control Buttons
1. Open File Button
To be used for opening the existing file in the database.
2. Save File Button
To be used for saving the file onto hard disk or floppy disk or removable disk.
3. Preview Button
To be used for previewing the connection figure.
4. Run Button
To be used for running the program after completing the connection inputs
5. About
Containing program information such as, a version of the program is now being used.
6. Exit
To be used for exiting the program.
-3-
Design Module 1 : Shear Plate Design
Figure 3. Shear Plate Design Module

Shear Plate design module provides the design of shear connection between
beam-to-column or beam-to-beam. The direct shear force from loaded beam will be
transferred to supports through the designed number of bolts and shear plates having
sufficient load carrying capacity. All information required for shear plate connection
design such as member section, bolt type, bolt diameter, shear force and so on, shall be
prepared and filled in the Input box by users. The option on connection advisor is
provided for user as a first start of design, then user can modify the data for his/her
designed variables.
-4-
Design Module 2 : Shear Angle Design
Figure 4. Shear Angle Design Module

Similar to Shear Plate design module, Shear angle design provides the design of
shear connection between beam-to-column or beam-to-beam. The direct shear force from
loaded beam will be transferred to supports through the designed number of bolts and
shear angles having sufficient load carrying capacity. The angle section is provided in
pull-down menu for users selection. The option on connection advisor is also provided
for user as a first start of design, then user can modify the data for his/her designed
variables.
-5-
Design Module 3 : Bending Splice Plate Design
Figure 5. Bending Splice PlateDesign Module

Bending Splice Plate design module provides the design of shear connection
between beam-to-column or beam-to-beam. The bending moment and shear force from
web and flange plates having sufficient load carrying capacity. The option on connection
advisor is also provided for user as a first start of design, then user can modify the data
for his/her designed variables.
-6-
Design Module 4 : Bending Moment End Plate Design
Figure 6. Bending Moment End Plate Design Module

Similar to Bending Splice Plate design module, Bending Moment End Plate
design provides the design of shear connection between beam-to-column or beam-tobeam. The bending moment and shear force from loaded beam will be transferred to
supports through the designed number of bolts and end plates having sufficient load
carrying capacity. The option on connection advisor is also provided for user as a first
start of design, then user can modify the data for his/her designed variables.
-7-
Theory
Fundamental of Steel Connection Design

The designs of simple shear and moment connections follow mainly to the design
guidance recommended by American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC). Two design
guidances, Manual of Steel Construction 9th edition (Allowable Stress Design) and
Structural Steel Design guidance of Engineering Institute of Thailand (Allowable Stress
Design) are used as the references. In order to facilitate the designers, the summary of the
basic concepts used in the program are summarized as follows:
Net area
where
An
{b ( d + h )} t
for line bolts
An
s2
b ( d + h ) +
t
4g
for zigzag bolts
An
b
d
h
s
=
=
=
=
=
net area (cm2)

gross width (cm)
bolt diameter (cm)
oversize tolerance (0.2 cm)
longitudinal center-to-center spacing (pitch)
of two consecutive holes (cm)
transverse center-to-center spacing of (gage)
between fastener gage lines (cm)
member thickness (cm)
Effective net area
Ae = UAn
where
Ae
U
An
=
=
=
effective net area (cm2)

reduction coefficient
net area (cm2)
Values of U in AISCs specification are as follows
a. For W, M, or S shaped with flange widths not less than two-thirds the depth and
structural tees cut from them, connected by the flanges, and for bolted and riveted
connections with at least three fasteners per line in the direction of the stress, U =
0.90.
-8-
b. For W, M, or S shaped not meeting the conditions specified in a., for structural
tees cut from them, for all other shapes including built-up sections, and for bolted
and riveted connection with at least three fasteners per line in the direction of
stress, U = 0.85.
c. For all members with bolted or riveted connections with only two fasteners per
line of the stress, U = 0.75.
d. If all the elements of a member cross section are connected, U = 1
Tension Members:
Tension failure caused by yielding
T = 0.6 Fy Ag
where
T
Fy
=
=
tensile force (kg)

yield stress (ksc)
Ag
gross sectional area (cm2)
Tension failure caused by rupture
T = 0.5Fu Ae
where
T
Fu
Ae
=
=
tensile force (kg)

ultimate tensile stress (ksc)
effective net area (cm2)
Tension failure caused by block shear rupture
T = ( 0.3Fu ) Anv + ( 0.5Fy ) Ant

where
T
=
Anv =
Ant =
tensile force (kg)

net shear area (cm2)
net tension area (cm2)
-9-
Strength of Bolts:
Tensile strength
Rt = Ft Ab
where
Rt
Ft
Ab
=
=
allowable tensile force/bolt (kg)

allowable tensile stress of bolt (ksc)
cross sectional area of one bolt (cm2)
Shear strength
Rv = Fv Ab
where
Rv
Fv
Ab
allowable shear force/bolt (kg)
=
=
allowable shear stress of bolt (ksc)

cross sectional of one bolt (cm2)
Bearing strength
Rb = 1.2 Fu dt
where
Rb
Fu
d
t
allowable bearing force (kg)
=
=
=
ultimate tensile stress (ksc)

bolt diameter (cm)
member thickness (cm)
Allowable stress of bolts

Table 1 Allowable stress of bolts (ksc)
Bolt type
Allowable
Allowable shear stress
tensile stress
of bolt ( Fv )
of bolt ( Ft )
Bearing
Slip critical
A 307
1380
690
A325-N
3030
1450
1170
A325-X
3030
2070
1170
A490-N
3720
1930
1450
A490-X
3720
2760
1450
Other-N
0.33 Fu
0.17 Fu
Other-X
0.22 Fu
0.33 Fu
Remarks: Bolt F8.8 class is equivalent to A325 class.
Bolt F10 class is equivalent to A490 class.
- 10 -
Allowable stress of combined tension and shear of bolts

Table 2 Allowable stress of combined tension and shear of bolts (ksc)
Bolt type
A 307
Allowable tensile stress of

bolt ( Ft )
Allowable shear stress of

bolt ( Fv ) slip critical
1790 1.8 f v 1380
A325-N
( 3030 )
4.39 f v 2 3030
A325-X
( 3030 )
2.15 f v 2 3030
A490-N
( 3720 )
3.75 f v 2 3720
A490-X
( 3720 )
Other-N
0.43Fub 1.8 f v 0.33Fub
1170 1
1170 1
1450 1
1450 1
Other-X
0.43Fub 1.4 f v 0.33Fub
1.82 f v 2 3720
where
N
X
Fub
ft
fv
Ab
Tb
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
thread included in shear plane

thread excluded in shear plane
ultimate tensile strength of bolt (ksc)
tensile stress under applied load (ksc)
shear stress under applied load (ksc)
cross sectional area of one bolt (cm2)
specified installation tension load of bolt (kg)
- 11 -
f t Ab
Tb
f t Ab
Tb
f t Ab
Tb
f t Ab
Tb
Minimum installation tension for high strength bolts in slip critical connections
Table 3 Minimum installation tension for high
strength bolts in slip critical connections
Bolt diameter
Minimum installation tension ( Tb )

(kg)
A 325 bolts
A 490 bolts
5400
6899
9100
11400
14200
17900
17600
22100
20500
25700
26700
33400
32600
40800
47500
59500
12 mm
16 mm
20 mm
22 mm
24 mm
27 mm
30 mm
36 mm
Mechanical properties of steel

Table 4 Mechanical properties of steel
Steel Type
SM400
SM490
SM520
SS400
SS490
SS540
A36
A572 Gr.42
A572 Gr.50
Steel Strength (ksc)

Yield Strength ( Fy )
Ultimate Strength ( Fu )
2350
3150
3550
2350
2750
3900
2500
2900
3450
4000
4900
5200
4000
4900
5400
4000
4000
4500
- 12 -
Eccentrically loaded bolted connections
e
Rm4
R4
d4
Rv
Rv
R1
C.G.
M
Rm3
R3
Rm1
d1
d2
d3
Rm2
Rv
Rv
R2
Figure 7 Eccentrically loaded bolted connections

P
M
N
e
d
Rv
Rmi
Ri
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
applied load
torsional moment (Pe)
number of bolts
eccentricity
distance from group center
force acting on each bolt caused by shear (=P/N)
force acting on each bolt caused by moment
resultant force acting on each bolt
The moment and shear force act on the connection cause forces acting on the bolts as
shown in the figure. It is assumed that the acting force caused by moment vary with
distance d from the center of gravity. It is possible to express the relations as follows:
M = Pe = Rm1d1 + Rm 2 d 2 + Rm3 d3 + Rm 4 d 4
Rm1 Rm 2 Rm 3 Rm 4
=
=
=
d1
d2
d3
d4
From the above relations, the moment can be expressed in the form of Rm1 as
- 13 -

M=
Rm1d12 Rm1d 2 2 Rm1d32 Rm1d 4 2

+
+
+
d12
d 22
d32
d 42
Rm1 2
R
d1 + d 22 + d32 + d 42 ) = m1 ( d 2 )
(
d1
d1
Therefore, Rm1 , Rm 2 , Rm3 , Rm 4 can obtained as

Rm1 =
Md 3
Md1
Md 2
Md 4
, Rm 2 =
, Rm 3 =
, Rm 4 =
2
2
2
d
d
d
d2
Consider the bolt 1 as shown in the Figure 4 , the force acting on each bolt caused by
moment Rm1 can be decomposed into two components Rmx and Rmy
Rmx
Rm
Rmy
Rv
C.G.
Figure 8 Shear force components at bolt

Rmx =
Rm y
My
=
,
d
d2
Rmy =
Rm x
Mx
=
d
d2
My
,
( x2 + y 2 )
Rmy =
Mx
( x2 + y 2 )
From d 2 = x 2 + y 2
Rmx =
Vertical component of the resultant force = Rmy + Rv

Horizontal component of the resultant force = Rmx
Therefore, the total resultant force acting on the bolt
R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
2
- 14 -
Design Modules
Shear Plate Design

Shear Plate Design module is used for a simple shear connection design and
provides the design of shear connection between beam-to-column or beam-to-beam. The
direct shear force from loaded beam will be transferred to supports through the designed
number of bolts and shear plates having sufficient load carrying capacity. The connection
consists of web cleat plate connecting between beam and column (or beam). One side of
the web cleat plate is welded to the column face and another side is bolted to the beam
web.
Input Mode
1)
The Shear Plate Connection design can be selected by click

.
Providing the required design information by filling information in Input table on
the right-hand-side. The variables required to be filled are as follows,
Design Shear Force

Cleat Thickness
:
:
The design shear force acts on connection in kilogram.

The thickness of shear cleat plate used.
- 15 -

Number of Cleat
Number of Bolt Row
Number of Bolt Column
Clr.Distance from column(a) :

Clr.Distance from Cut Edge(b):
c-to-c Dis. of Bolt (c)
Fillet Weld Grade
:
:
Fillet Weld Size

Number of Weld Side
:
:
The number of shear cleat plates 1-single shear cleat

plate and 2-double shear cleat plates
(Not more than 2 shear cleat plates are allowed in the
design)
Number of bolt rows on the beam side of the shear
plate
Number of bolt columns on the beam side of the shear
plate.
Clear distance between column face and beam end.
Clear distance from cutting edge of shear cleat plate to
bolt hole.
Center-to-center distance of bolt
Type of material used from welding. The program has
two types of welded materials which are E60 and E70
( E60 : allowable shear stress ( Fvw ) = 1260 ksc)
( E70 : allowable shear stress ( Fvw ) = 1470 ksc)
Size of leg length of fillet weld
Number of weld side
(1- weld only one side shear cleat plate)
(2- weld both sides of shear cleat plate)
- 16 -

To display the configuration of bolt arrangement, click
then, click
button,
to resume the Input data mode of bolt.
2) To choose type of bolt and bolt diameter, click the scroll bar at bolt type and bolt
diameter. The material properties of the bolts will be automatically displayed in the table
given below.
3) To choose the member section, click the scroll bar at member section. The properties
of section will be displayed in the property of section table.
4) In order to facilitate the design for user, the connection advisor will provide the initial
required design data for a possible configuration of bolt connection. When the connection
advisor block is tick, the design variables will be displayed. User can modify the
variables as his/her requirement.
5) Select steel grade of member by clicking buttons in front of types of steel grade.
After completion on the input mode, you can click preview button on the above to see
dimensions and configuration of the bolts. If it does not conform to a required
configuration, then, the dimension variables can be corrected until the required solution
can be achieved..
6) Run the program by clicking
button.
- 17 -
Result Mode
The design outputs are shown in Figure. The information including type of beam,
dimension of shear cleat plate, bolt size, stress range, min/max stress ratio, and failure
mode are displayed as the result of design. The design checks are performed including
the followings:
- Check for bolt shear
- Check for bearing of beam
- Check for web tearing of beam
- Check for bearing of shear cleat plate
- Check for tearing of shear cleat plate
- Check for shear resistance at welded cleat plate
The stress ratio on each mode means the ratio of design stress divided by allowable
stress capacity or design shear force divided by shear strength of the connection. If the
ratio exceeds the value of 1, the connection is needed to redesign. On the other hand, if
the ratio is less than 1, then, the design result is accepted. To redesign, you can go to the
. The design results can be
input mode for correcting the design inputs by click
printed as the calculation report and is provided to the output file namely result.out, as
well.
- 18 -
Shear Angle Design

Similar to Shear Plate design module, Shear angle design provides the design of
shear connection between beam-to-column or beam-to-beam. The direct shear force from
shear angles having sufficient load carrying capacity. The Angle section is (are) attached
to web of beam by bolts on one side and the other side on the support surface (column or
beam) to transfer shear force from loaded beam to support.
Input Mode
1) The Shear Angle Connection design can be selected by click

.
Providing the required design information by filling information in Input table on
the right-hand-side. The variables required to be filled are as follows,
Design Shear Force
The design shear force acts on connection in kilogram.
- 19 -
Number of Angle
Row of Bolt
Column of Bolt
Number of Bolt at Support
:
:
:
Set Back Distance(a)

Bolt Edge Distance (b)
:
:
Bolt c-to-c Distance (c)
The number of angle used in connecting beam and

column
1-single angle plate and 2 double angle plates
(Not more than 2 angle plates in each connection)
Number of bolt rows on each side of the angle leg
Number of bolt column on each side of the angle leg
Total number of bolts used at support on each side of
angle leg.
Clear distance from cutting edge of angle cleat plate to
bolt hole
Center-to-center distance of bolt

then, click
button,
given below.
- 20 -

3) To choose the member section, click the pull-down bar at member section. The
properties of section will be displayed in the property of section table.
4) The Angle section can be selected by click pull-down menu bar, as well
5) Select steel grade of member by clicking radio buttons in front of types of steel grade.
can be achieved..
button.
- 21 -
Result Mode
the followings:
- Check for web tearing of beam
- Check for bearing of Shear Angle cleat plate
- Check for tearing of Shear Angle cleat plate
- Check for bearing of Shear Angle cleat plates at support
- Check for tearing of Shear Angle cleat plate at support
well.
- 22 -
Bending Splice Plate Design

Bending Splice Plate Module is used for bolt connection type that can resist both
applied shear force and bending moment. The connection consists of web cleat plates and
flange cleat plates connecting between beam and beam (beam-to-beam splice plate
connection) or between beam and column (beam-to-column splice plate connection).
Input Mode
1) The Shear Plate Connection design can be selected by click

.
Providing the required design information by filling information in Input table on the
right-hand-side. The variables required to be filled are as follows,
Design Moment
Design Shear Force
Cleat Thickness
Number of Cleat Plate
:
:
:
:
The design moment acts on connection in kg-cm.

The design shear force acts on connection in kg.
The thickness of web cleat plate used.
Number of web cleat used in connection.
1-single web cleat plate and 2-double web cleat plates
(Not more than 2 web cleat plate in each connection)
- 23 -
Row of Bolt
Column of Bolt
Set Back Distance(a)
:
:
:
:
Number of bolt rows on each side of web cleat plate.

Number of bolt column on each side of web cleat plate.
Clear distance from cutting edge of angle cleat plate to
bolt hole.
: Center-to-center distance of bolt.
Flange Cleat Thickness
: Thickness of flange cleat plate.
Number of Flange Cleat
: Number of flange cleat plate used in connection.
1-one flange cleat plate is used on the top of upper
beam flange and another one cleat plate is used at the
bottom of lower beam flange.
2-one upper flange cleat plate is used on the top of
upper beam flange and two lower cleat plates are used
at the bottom of upper beam flange. There are three
flange cleat plates at the upper beam flange and other
three flange cleat plates at the lower beam flange.
Row of Flange Cleat
: Number of bolt rows on flange cleat plate in the
direction of stress.
Edge Distance
: Clear distance from bolt to cutting edge of flange cleat
plate.
Flange Bolt Col. Distance(c1) : Flange bolt column distance (used to control zigzag
holes)
Flange Bolt Pitch Distance(c2) : Flange bolt pitch distance.
Flange Bolt c-to-c Distance(c3) : Center-to-center distance of bolt

then, click
button,
Note that: If the number of flange cleat = 2 the program will automatically set the width
of two lower cleat plates equal to half of beam flange width minused by half of beam web
thickness and fillet radius of the beam. Please see the calculation example of beam splice
plate.
given below.
- 24 -
can be achieved..
button.
- 25 -
Result Mode
the followings:
- Check for tearing of beam web
- Check for bearing of web cleat plates
- Check for tearing of web cleat plates
- Check for bolt shear of the flange
- Check for bearing of beam flange
- Check for bearing of flange cleat plate
- Check for tension of beam flange
- Check for tension of flange cleat plate
well.
- 26 -
Bending Moment End Plate Design

Beam Moment End Plate module can be used to design connection to resist applied
shear force and bending moment. This type of connection consists of end plate, that is
welded to the beam end and subsequently bolted to the column. The bolts are subjected to
tensile stress and shear stress simultaneously. Therefore, the calculation is slightly
different to those of angle cleat plate and shear cleat plate modules. In the design of bolt
group, the calculation is based on Case II (Neutral axis is located at center of bolt group)
of Manual of Steel Construction.
Input Mode
1) The Shear Plate Connection design can be selected by click

.
Providing the required design information by filling information in Input table on the
right-hand-side. The variables required to be filled are as follows,
Design Moment
The design moment acts on connection in kg-cm.
- 27 -
Design Shear Force

End Plate Thickness
Row of Bolt
:
:
:
:
The design shear force acts on connection in kg.

The thickness of end plate used.
Number of bolt rows on each side of the end plate.
Clear distance from cutting edge of end plate to bolt
hole.
Center-to-center distance of bolt.

then, click
button,
given below.
- 28 -
can be achieved..
button.
- 29 -
Result Mode
dimension of End plate, bolt size, stress range, min/max stress ratio, and failure mode are
displayed as the result of design. The design checks are performed including the
followings:
- Check for tensile stress on the bolt
- Check for bearing of end plate
- Check for end plate tearing
well.
- 30 -
Calculation Examples
Calculation Example: Shear Plate Connection Design

Shear Force Input
V
= 8250
Design shear force (kg)
Geometry Input
ncleat =
tc
=
nr
=
nc
=
a
=
b
=
c
=
d
=
h
=
TD
=
=
tw
=
tf
nweld =
weldsize =
2
0.6
3
1
1.0
3.0
6.0
1.6
0.2
20
0.6
0.9
1
0.6
Number of cleat plates (plates)

Web cleat plate thickness (cm)
Number of bolt rows (row)
Number of bolt columns (col)
Clear distance from column (cm) :(setback distance)
Clear distance from cutting edge (cm)
Center-to-center distance of bolt (cm)
Bolt diameter (cm)
Bolt hole clearance (cm)
Total depth of beam (cm)
Beam web thickness (cm)
Beam flange thickness (cm)
Number of weld side (side)
Fillet weld size (cm)
Material Property Input

Member Section : H2001506930.6 kg/m
Btype = A325-X Type of bolt ( Fv = 2070 ksc)
BeamG = SS400
Type of beam ( Fy = 2350 ksc, Fu = 4000 ksc)
CleatG = A36
Type of cleat plate ( Fyc = 2500 ksc, Fuc = 4000 ksc)
Exx
Type of weld material ( Fvw = 1260 ksc)
= E60
- 31 -

V
9
30
60
200
60
30
9
10 30 30
Side View
Top View
Bolt Information
Bolt diameter
Bolt area =
Double shear
planes
= 1.6 cm
d 2 = 2.01 cm2
4
Hole size = (d+h) = 1.8 cm
- Check for Bolt Shear
Moment M = Pe = (8250)(10+30) = 330000 kg-mm

Rmx =
My
330000 60
= 2
= 2750 kg.
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
60
60
+
+
+
x
y
+
(
)
Rmy =
Mx
= 0 kg.
2
2
x
+
y
(
)
Rv = P / N = 8250 / 3 = 2750 kg.

R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 27502 + 27502 = 3889.09 kg.
2
R 3889.09
=
= 967.43 ksc.
A 2.01 2
f
967.43
= 0.47
Stress ratio = v =
Fv
2070
Shear stress ( f v ) =
- 32 -
Bearing area = dtw = 1.6 0.6 = 0.96 cm2

R 3889.09
Bearing stress ( f v ) = =
= 4051.14 ksc.
A
0.96
Allowable bearing stress = 1.2 Fu = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc
Bearing stress ratio =
4051.14
= 0.84
4800
- Check for beam web tearing

Assumption: The thickness of the beam flange is excluded in calculation for Lv
Lh
j
b
c
Lv
TD
c
b
tf
TD (2b + 2c)
2
200 (2 30 + 2 60)
=
= 10 mm = 1 cm
2
Lv = j t f + b + 2c 2.5(d + h)
= 10 9 + 30 + 120 2.5(16 + 2)
= 106 mm = 10.6 cm
( d + h)
Lh = b
2
16+2
= 30=21 mm = 2.1 cm
2
j=
- 33 -
Allowable shear force for beam web tearing
Vtear = (0.3Fu Lv + 0.5 Fu Lh )t w

= (0.3 4000 10.6 + 0.5 4000 2.1) 0.6
= 10152 kg
Tearing stress ratio of the beam =
V
8250
=
= 0.81
Vtear 10152
Web Cleat Plate Information

Web cleat thickness = 0.6 cm
Number of cleat plates (ncleat) = 2 plates
- Check for bearing on cleat plates (angle plates)

From the maximum resultant force acting on the bolt
R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 3889.09 kg.
2
R
3889.09
=
= 2025.57 ksc
A ncleat (1.6 0.6) 2
Allowable bearing stress of cleat plate = ( Fv ) = 1.2 Fuc = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc
2025.57
Bearing stress ratio of cleat plate =
= 0.42
4800
Bearing stress ( f v ) =
- Check for tearing of cleat plates
Tearing plane
b
c
Lv
TD
c
b
tf
- 34 -

Lvc = b + 2c + b (d + h) nr
= 30 + 120 + 30 (16 + 2) 3
= 126 mm = 12.6 cm
Lhc = 0 (vertical crack tearing dominates the tearing of the cleat plates)
Allowable shear force for cleat plate tearing

Vtear = (0.3Fu Lv + 0.5 Fu Lh )tc ncleat
= (0.3 4000 12.6 + 0) 0.6 2
= 18144 kg
Tearing stress ratio of the cleat plates =
V
8250
=
= 0.46
Vtear 18144
- Check for shear resistance at welded cleat plate

Allowable weld strength
Vw = ( 0.707 Fvw weldsize L nweld ) ncleat
= ( 0.707 1260 0.6 18 1) 2

= 19241.71 kg
Shear stress ratio of welded cleat plate =
V
8250
=
= 0.43
Vw 19241.71
Welds
b
c
Lv
TD
c
b
tf
- 35 -
Calculation Example: Shear Angle Connection Design

Shear Force Input
V
= 8250
Geometry Input
ncleat
tc
nr
nc
ns
a
b
c
d
h
TD
tw
tf
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
2
0.6
3
1
3
1.0
3.0
5.5
1.6
0.2
20
0.6
0.9
Number of angle cleat plates (plates)

Angle cleat plate thickness (cm)
Total number of bolts at support/cleat plate (bolts)
Bolt diameter (cm)
Material Property Input

: L656565.91 kg/m
BeamG = SS400
CleatG = A36
Type of angle cleat plate ( Fyc = 2500 ksc, Fuc = 4000 ksc)
- 36 -
V
9
30
55
200
55
30
9
10 30 30
Side view
Top view
Bolt Information
Bolt diameter
Bolt area =
Double shear
planes
= 1.6 cm
d 2 = 2.01 cm2
4
Moment M = Pe = (8250)(10+30) = 330000 kg-mm

Rmx =
My
330000 55
= 2
= 3000 kg.
2
2
( x + y ) 0 + 02 + 552 + 552
Rmy =
Mx
= 0 kg.
( x2 + y 2 )
Rv = P / N = 8250 / 3 = 2750 kg.

R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 27502 + 30002 = 4069.71 kg.
2
R 4069.71
=
= 1012.36 ksc.
A 2.01 2
- 37 -
Stress ratio =
f v 1012.36
=
= 0.49
Fv
2070

R 4096.71
= 4239.28 ksc.
0.96
A
4239.28
= 0.88
4800

Lh
j
b
c
Lv
TD
c
b
tf
TD (2b + 2c)
2
200 (2 30 + 2 55)
=
= 15 mm = 1.5 cm
2
Lv = j t f + b + 2c 1.5(d + h)
j=
= 15 9 + 30 + 110 2.5(16 + 2)
= 101 mm = 10.1 cm
( d + h)
Lh = b
2
16+2
= 30=21 mm = 2.1 cm
2
- 38 -
Allowable shear force for beam web tearing

= (0.3 4000 10.1 + 0.5 4000 2.1) 0.6
= 9792 kg
V
8250
=
= 0.84
Vtear 9792
Angle Cleat Plate Information

Angle cleat thickness = 0.6 cm
Number of angle cleat plates (ncleat) = 2 plates
- Check for bearing on cleat plates (angle plates)

R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 4069.71 kg.
2
R
4069.71
=
= 2119.64 ksc
A ncleat (1.6 0.6) 2
2119.64
Bearing stress ratio of cleat plate =
= 0.44
4800
- Check for tearing of cleat plates
Tearing plane
b
c
Lv
TD
c
b
tf
- 39 -
Lvc = b + 2c + b (d + h) nr
= 30 + 110 + 30 (16 + 2) 3
= 116 mm = 11.6 cm
= (0.3 4000 11.6 + 0) 0.6 2
= 16704 kg
V
8250
=
= 0.5
Vtear 16704
b
Support Information
Bolt diameter
Bolt area =
= 1.6 cm
d 2 = 2.01 cm2
4
Angle cleat plate thickness = 0.6 cm
Number of cleat plates at support (ncleat) = 2 plates
Total number of bolts at support = ns ncleat = 3 2 = 6 bolts
8250
= 684.08 ksc
6 2.01
Allowable shear stress on the bolt ( Fv ) = 2070 ksc
684.08
= 0.33
Bolt shear stress ratio =
2070
Shear stress on each bolt ( f v ) =
- Check for support bearing of cleat plates

V
V
=
A d tc ncleat ns
8250
=
= 1432.29 ksc
1.6 0.6 2 3
Bearing stress ratio of cleat plate at support =
- 40 -
1432.29
= 0.30
4800
Lv
- Check for tearing of cleat plate at support

Lvc = b + 2c + b (d + h) nr
= 30 + 110 + 30 (16 + 2) 2
= 116 mm = 11.6 cm
= (0.3 4000 11.6 + 0) 0.6 2
= 16704 kg
V
8250
=
= 0.49
Vtear 16704
Tearing plane
b
c
c
b
- 41 -
Lv
Calculation Example: Bending Splice Plate Connection Design

Shear Force and Moment Input
M
V
= 85000
= 3000
Design moment (kg-cm)

Geometry Input
tc
ncleat
nr
nc
a
b
c
d
h
TD
bf
tw
tf
r1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0.9
2
2
1
1.0
1.8
4.3
1.2
0.2
10
10
0.6
0.8
1.0
Web cleat plate thickness (cm)

Number of web cleat plates (plates)
Bolt diameter (cm)
Beam flange width (cm)
Beam fillet radius (cm)
Flange Cleat Plate Input

tcf
nfcleat
nrf
bl
c1
=
=
=
=
=
c2
c3
= 3.0
= 4.5
0.9
1
2
2.75
0
Flange cleat (splice) plate thickness (cm)

Number of flange cleat plate (plate)
Number of row in the direction of stress (row)
Clear distance from bolt to cutting edge (cm)
Flange bolt column distance (used to control zigzag holes)
(cm)
Flange bolt pitch distance (cm)
Flange bolt center-to-center distance (cm)
Material Properties Input

BeamG = SS400
CleatG = A36
Type of cleat plate ( Fyc = 2500 ksc, Fuc = 4000 ksc)
- 42 -
tf
b
TD
b
tf
a b
Side view
b1
c3
bf
b1
Top view
Bolt Information
Bolt diameter
= 1.2 cm
d 2 = 1.131 cm2
4
Bolt area =
Assumption: Shear force is transferred to the web cleat plate only

Moment is transferred to the flange cleat plate only
Moment M = Pe = (3000)(10+18) = 84000 kg-mm
- 43 -

My
84000 (43 / 2) 2
Rmx =
=
= 1953.49 kg.
( x 2 + y 2 ) 02 + 02 + (43 / 2)2 + (43 / 2)2
Rmy =
Mx
= 0 kg.
( x2 + y 2 )
Rv = P / N = 3000 / 2 = 1500 kg.

R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 15002 + 1953.492 = 2462.95 kg.
2
R 2462.95
=
= 1088.84 ksc.
A 1.131 2
f 1088.84
Stress ratio = v =
= 0.53
Fv
2070

R 2462.95
= 3420.76 ksc.
A
0.72
3420.76
= 0.71
4800
Lh
j
b
c
Lv
TD
b
tf
- 44 -

TD (2b + c )
2
100 (2 18 + 43)
=
= 10.5 mm = 1.05 cm
2
Lv = j t f + b + c 1.5(d + h)
j=
= 10.5 8 + 18 + 43 1.5(12 + 2)
= 42.5 mm = 4.25 cm
( d + h)
Lh = b
2
12+2
= 18=11 mm = 1.1 cm
2
Allowable shear force for web tearing
= (0.3 4000 4.25 + 0.5 4000 1.1) 0.6
= 4380 kg
V
= 4380 = 0.68
Vtear
Web Cleat Plate Information
Web cleat plate thickness = 0.9 cm

Number of web cleat plates (ncleat) = 2 plates
- Check for bearing on web cleat plates

R=
(R
my
2
+ Rv ) + Rmx
= 2462.95 kg.
2
R
2462.95
=
= 1140.25 ksc
A ncleat (2 0.9) 2
Allowable bearing stress of web cleat plate = ( Fv ) = 1.2 Fuc = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc
1140.25
= 0.24
Bearing stress ratio of web cleat plate =
4800
- 45 -
- Check for tearing of web cleat plates

Tearing plane
tf
b
c
TD
b
tf
a b
Lvc = b + c + b (d + h) nr
= 18 + 43 + 18 (12 + 2) 2
= 51 mm = 5.1 cm

= (0.3 4000 5.1 + 0) 0.9 2
= 11016 kg
V
3000
=
= 0.27
Vtear 11016
- Check for bolt shear of the flange

Calculate the equivalent couple shear force (Vs) on the flange as
- 46 -
Vs
b
c
TD
b
Vs
a b
Vs =
M 85000
=
= 8500 kg
TD
10
Vs
8500
=
= 2125 kg
2 nrf
4
Vs
8500
=
= 2125 kg
Shear force/bolt/plane = =
2 nrf nfcleat 2 2 1
2125
= 1878.87 ksc
Shear stress/bolt/plane ( f v ) =
1.131
Allowable shear stress of A325-X bolt = 2070 ksc
f 1878.87
Bolt shear stress ratio = v =
= 0.91
2070
Fv
Shear force/bolt =
- Check for bearing of beam flange
Vs
- 47 -
Vs
8500
=
= 2125 kg
2 nrf
4
Vs
8500
Bearing stress = =
=
= 2213.54 ksc
2 nrf d t f 2 2 1.2 0.8
Shear force/bolt =
Allowable bearing stress (SS400) = 1.2 Fu = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc

2213.54
= 0.46
Beam flange bearing stress ratio =
4800
-Check for bearing of flange cleat plate

Vs
8500
=
= 2125 kg
2 nrf
4
Vs
8500
Bearing stress = =
=
= 1967.59 ksc
2 nrf d t fc nfcleat 2 2 1.2 0.9 1
Shear force/bolt =
Allowable bearing stress (SS400) = 1.2 Fu = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc

1967.59
= 0.41
Flange cleat plate bearing stress ratio =
4800
- Check for tension of beam flange

1
bf
1
Tearing of beam flange
- Check for beam flange tearing

Net area of the beam flange along path 1-1
An1 = {b f ( d + h )} t f = {10 2 (1.2 + 0.2)} 0.8 = 5.76 cm 2
- 48 -
2
2
b f TD = 10 10 ok.
3
3
and there are two fasteners in the line of stress U = 0.75
Ae = UAn = 0.75 5.76 = 4.32 cm 2
T f = 0.5 Fu Ae = 0.5 4000 4.32 = 8640 kg
- Check for beam flange yielding
Ty = 0.6 Fy Ag = 0.6 2350 10 0.8 = 11280 kg

T f Ty tearing mode controls failure of the beam flange
Stress ratio for tension failure =
8500
= 0.98
8640
- Check for tension of flange cleat plate

1
b1
c3
bf
b1
1
Tearing of upper cleat plate
- Check for cleat plates tearing along path 1-1
Net area of the upper cleat plate

An1 = {2 b1 + c3 ( d + h )} tcf = {2 2.75 + 4.5 2 (1.2 + 0.2)} 0.9 = 6.48cm 2
2
2
b f TD = 10 10 ok.
3
3
and there are two fasteners in the line of stress U = 0.75
Ae = UAn = 0.75 6.48 = 4.86 cm 2
T f = 0.5 Fu Ae = 0.5 4000 4.86 = 9720 kg
- 49 -
- Check for beam flange yielding
Ty = 0.6 Fy Ag = 0.6 2500 10 0.9 = 18500 kg

T f Ty tearing mode controls failure of the beam flange
Stress ratio for tension failure =
8500
= 0.87
9720
- 50 -
Calculation Example: Bending Moment End Plate Connection Design

Shear Force and Moment Input
V
M
= 5500
= 110880

Design moment (kg-cm)
Geometry Input
nr
nc
ns
d
tc
b
c
h
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
3
1
3
1.6
0.6
3.0
6.0
0.2

Total number of bolts at support/angle cleat plate (bolts)
Bolt diameter (cm)
End plate thickness (cm)
Material Propertes nputs

BeamG = SS400
CleatG = A36
Type of end plate ( Fyc = 2500 ksc, Fuc = 4000 ksc)
- 51 -
b
c
c
b
Side view
End Plate view
Bolt Information
Bolt diameter
Bolt area =
= 1.6 cm
d 2 = 2.0106 cm2
4
V
5500
=
= 456 ksc
A 6 2.0106
Allowable shear stress of the bolt ( Fv ) = 2070 ksc

f
456
= 0.22
Shear stress ratio = v =
Fv 2070
- Check for tensile stress on the bolt
The calculation is based on Case II of Manual of Steel Construction 9th edition for
the determination of maximum tensile stress of bolt group.
Moment of inertia about x-x axis of bolt group

I xx = Ad y2 = 2 2 2.0106 62 = 289.53 cm 2
- 52 -
y
ft
6
M
x
x
ft
Maximum tensile stress of the farthest bolt

Mz 110880 6
ft =
=
= 2297.8 ksc
I xx
289.53
30302 2.15 f 2 = 2955.34 ksc
v
Allowable tensile stress of the bolt = min of
3030 ksc
f
2297.8
= 0.78
Tensile stress ration = t =
Ft 2955.34
- Check for bearing of end plate

V
5500
=
= 916.67 kg
ns ncleat
6
R
916.67
Bearing stress ( f v ) = v =
= 954.86 ksc
d tc 1.6 0.6
Allowable bearing stress = 1.2 Fuc = 1.2 4000 = 4800 ksc
954.86
= 0.2
4800
Shear force /bolt ( Rv ) =
- Check for end plate tearing

Lvc = 2 [ (2c + 2b) 3(d + h) ]
= 2 [ (2 60 + 2 30) 4(16 + 2) ] = 252 mm = 25.2 cm
Lhc = 0 (vertical crack tearing dominates the tearing of the end plate)
- 53 -

Vtear = (0.3Fuc Lvc + 0.5Fuc Lhc )tc
= (0.3 4000 25.2) 0.6 = 18144 kg
Tearing stress ratio of the end plate =
V
5500
=
= 0.3
Vtear 18144
b
c
c
b
Tearing plane
- 54 -
References
References
1. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Manual of Steel
Construction, Allowable Stress Design, 9th edition, , 1989.
2. Engineering Institute of Thailand, Specifications of Steel Structures,
LRFD Method., 1st edition, , 2003.
3. Engineering Institute of Thailand, Specifications of Steel Structures,
ASD Method, 2nd edition, 2000.
4. McCormac J.C., Structural Steel Design, ASD Method, 4th edition,
Harper-Collins, 1997.
5. Gaylord, E.H., Jr., Gaylord, C.N., and Stallmeyer, J.E., Design of Steel
Structures, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, 1991.
6. Spiegel, L. and Limbruner, G.F., Applied Structural Steel Design, 3rd
edition, Prentice-Hall, 1997.
7. Galambos, T. V., Lin, F. J.,and Johnston, B. G,. Basic Steel Design with
LRFD. Prentice Hall, 1996.
- 55 -
DISCLAIMER
CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSEHAVE GONE
INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SYS
BOLT CONNECTIONS DESIGN PROGRAM. THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN THOROUGHTLY TESTED AND USED. IN
USING THE PROGRAM, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS
AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED BY THE DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS
ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THE
PROGRAM
THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM AND MUST INDEPNDENTLY
VERIFICATION THE RESULTS
PROGRAM DEVELOPERS
Dr. Songkiat Matupayont
Dr. Pison Udomworarat
Mr. Panya Chattaponnamsin Mr. Adisorn Owatsiriwong

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Bolt Connections

Design Software for Bolt Connections of Steel Structures

With the best Complement of

1 Siam Cement Road, Bangsue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand

Fundamental of Steel Connection Design

Shear Plate Design Module

Shear Angle Design Module

Bending Splice Plate Design Module

Beam Moment End Plate Design Module

Calculation Example: Shear Plate Connection

Calculation Example: Shear Angle Connection

Calculation Example: Bending Splice Plate Connection

Calculation Example: Bending Moment End Plate Connection

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Figure 2. Project Description

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Design Module 1 : Shear Plate Design

Figure 3. Shear Plate Design Module

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Design Module 2 : Shear Angle Design

Figure 4. Shear Angle Design Module

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Design Module 3 : Bending Splice Plate Design

Figure 5. Bending Splice PlateDesign Module

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Design Module 4 : Bending Moment End Plate Design

Figure 6. Bending Moment End Plate Design Module

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Fundamental of Steel Connection Design

for line bolts

for zigzag bolts

net area (cm2)

Effective net area

effective net area (cm2)

Values of U in AISCs specification are as follows

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

tensile force (kg)

gross sectional area (cm2)

Tension failure caused by rupture

tensile force (kg)

effective net area (cm2)

Tension failure caused by block shear rupture

T = ( 0.3Fu ) Anv + ( 0.5Fy ) Ant

tensile force (kg)

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

allowable tensile force/bolt (kg)

cross sectional area of one bolt (cm2)

allowable shear force/bolt (kg)

allowable shear stress of bolt (ksc)

allowable bearing force (kg)

ultimate tensile stress (ksc)

Allowable stress of bolts

SYS Bolt Connections Manual

Allowable stress of combined tension and shear of bolts

Allowable tensile stress of

Allowable shear stress of

1790 1.8 f v 1380

0.43Fub 1.8 f v 0.33Fub

0.43Fub 1.4 f v 0.33Fub

thread included in shear plane

SYS Bolt Connections Manual