ME 521 Analytical Methods in Engineering I

Fall 2015
Homework 4
Due date: To be submitted during lecture hours in class until October 2, 2015, at 9:40
(beginning of Dr. Okutucus class in Room G-103)
Submit the solutions of only problems 8 and 15. In preparing your assignment, please refer to the
Homework Guidelines - posted on ODTUClass.
1. A damped mass-spring system is given in the figure. The equation of motion of the system, the system
parameters and the loading are given as:

my' 'cy 'ky f t

in 0 t

m 4kg , c 80 N / s m , k 1300 N / m

0
0.2 N

f t
0.1 N
0

0t2
2t4
4t6
t6

The initial conditions are known as:

y0 0 , y' 0 0
a) Using Laplace transform, determine the response of the damped mass-spring system under the specified
loading. Give references to appropriate identities used from Appendix C in the textbook.
Hint: You must express f t in terms of Heaviside step function(s).
b) Plot the response of the system using a computer software for 0 t 10s . Indicate the software and
provide the output of the commands you used while plotting (if you use MS Excel, include a snap shot
of the Excel sheet in which your formulae are visible).
Ans:

1 10t 2
1 10t 2
1

y t H t 2

e
cos15t 2
e
sin15t 2
9750
6500 6500

1
1
1

H t 4

e 10t 4 cos15t 4
e 10t 4 sin15t 4
19500
13000 13000

1
1
1

H t 6

e 10t 6 cos15t 6
e 10t 6 sin15t 6
19500
13000 13000

2. Evaluate the Laplace transform of

t e
8

1 of 7

Ans:

8!
, s0
s s 3
9

3. Find the Laplace transform of the function cost . Hint: Note that this is a periodic function.
Ans:

2e s / 2
s
2
s
2
1 e
s 1
s 1

4. Solve x' x f t in 0 t with x0 0 , by using Laplace transform, where

t 0 t 2
f t
t2
2
Ans: xt e t t 1 e t 2 t 1H t 2
5. Solve the fourth-order ODE: x ( iv ) x t 2 for xt , with the conditions x0 x' 0 x' ' 0 0
and x / 2 sinh / 2 1 , using Laplace transform. t 2 is the Dirac impulse function.

Ans: xt sinh t sin t

H t 2
sinht 2 sint 2
2

6. Find the Laplace transform of the function f t . Give references to appropriate identities used from
Appendix C in the textbook.
f t e 2t cost g t

where g t is a periodic function and defined on one period as follows.

4 2t 0 t 2

g t 0
2t3
2t 6 3 t 5

Ans:

s2
4 s 2 2e2 s 2e3s 2e5s 4se5s

1 e5s s 2
s 22 2

7. Solve x' '2 x'2 x f t in 0 t with x0 1 and x1 0 , by using Laplace transform, where

0 0 t 1
10 1 t 2

f t
3 2 t 4
1
t4

13 t 2
e sint 2 cos t 2
2
Ans:
1
2e t 4 sint 4 cos t 4 e t cos t 3e t sin t
2
5 e t 1 sint 1 e t 1 cos t 1

2 of 7

8. Solve + 9 = () + ()

in

>0

for ()

where
() = ( 4) sin(

)
8

and
1
0<2
() = { 3
2<3
5 3 <
for the conditions given in (a) and (b), using Laplace transform.
Note that () is the Dirac impulse function.
a) (0) = 2 and (0) = 3
b) (0) = 2 and (1) = 1

9.

Solve x' ' 4 x f t for in x t 0 t with x0 1 and x4 cos(8) , by using Laplace

transform, where

f t

t
(t 2) sin
4

for 0 t 1
for t 1

where (t 2) is the Dirac impulse function.

Ans: x(t ) cos(2t )

1
H (t 2) sin(2(t 2))
sin(2t )
4 cos(4)
2

10. The function f x is defined only over the interval 0 x 5 as

2 0 x 2

f x 3 2 x 3
1 3 x 5

a) Prepare labeled sketches of the extended functions in HRS and QRC expansions of f x .
For each expansion,

3 of 7

b) state the x points in the interval 0 x 5 for which the expansion converges to f x . For the x points
where the expansion does not converge to f x , find the values to which the expansion converges.
c) derive each expansion.

Ans: b) Both expansions converge to 2.5 at x= 2, to 2 at x = 3 and to 0 at x = 5. In addition, HRSE

converges to 0 at x= 0. At all other points, both expansions converge to f x .

2
2n 4
3n 2
4
1n sin nx ,

cos

cos

c) HRSE f x
n
5
n
5
n
5

n 1 n

n 8
3n 4
n
nx
4
QRCE f x
sin
sin

sin cos
n
5 n
10 n
2
10
n 1, 3,
a)
QRC

HRS
3

2
symmetry

1
antisymmetry

antisymmetry

antisymmetry

antisymmetry

-1

-1
symmetry

-2

-2

-3

-3
-5

5
x

10

-5

15

5
x

10

15

11. Work out the Fourier series of the periodic function f (x ) below.

-9

-7 -6

-4 -3

-1

3 4

6 7

11

13

4 n 12 3n 8 4n
cos cos
cos

6 25
5
5 5
5 5 5
nx

cos
Ans: f x 2

2
5 i
n
5

12. A function () is defined in the interval 0 /2 as () = cos . This function is to be

represented as a Fourier series. For this purpose, the four main expansions: half-range cosine/half-range
sine/quarter-range cosine/quarter-range sine expansions are considered.
a) Plot all four extended functions over the interval 3/2 3/2 using a software program (you
may use Matlab/MathCad or even Excel - for plotting the data points of the extended function). Plot
4 of 7

each function as a separate graph and indicate the expansion in the title of your graph. Make sure the
axes are labeled. If you use Matlab/MathCad, also print out the command windows.
1

b) Of the four expansions, the convergence rate of one expansion is proportional to 2 . Obtain the Fourier
series for this expansion, only, and from the coefficients of the series, show that the convergence rate is
indeed proportional to

1
2

. Before finding the Fourier series expansion, explain how you come to

identify the correct expansion.

For all four expansions, answer the following questions. For parts (c) and (d), you will not evaluate any
series coefficients.
c) Does the expansion converge to () at all points in which () is defined? If not, at which point(s)
does the expansion fail to converge to ()? To what value(s) does the expansion converge, at these
points?
d) What is the convergence rate of each expansion (you may skip the one in part (b))? Explain your
answers.
Ans: a)
HRS

HRC
1

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.4

-0.6

-0.6

-0.8

-0.8
-1

-1
-3*pi/2

-pi

-pi/2

pi/2

pi

-3*pi/2

3*pi/2

-pi

-pi/2

pi/2

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.2

-0.2

-0.2

-0.4

-0.4

-0.6

-0.6

-0.8

-0.8

-1

d) HRC:

-pi

-pi/2

pi/2

pi

1n

3*pi/2

-3*pi/2

-pi

1 4n 2 cos 2nx , c) For HRCE and QRCE: Yes;

n 1

3*pi/2

-1

-3*pi/2

b)

pi
QRC

QRS

, HRS: , QRS: , QRC:

-pi/2

pi/2

pi

3*pi/2

for HRSE and QRSE: No, x 0 , 0,

(convergence rate is infinite - immediate convergence)

5 of 7

13. The function () = 2 is defined in < < . A portion of this function that falls in the
interval 0 2 is to be represented as a Fourier series. For this purpose, quarter-range cosine
expansion is used to represent this function in the interval 0 2.
a) Determine at what points this expansion converges to the function, in the interval 0 2. If the
expansion does not converge to the function at some points in this interval, to what value(s) does the
expansion converge, at those points? Explain.
1

b) How fast (proportional to what power of ) does this expansion converge? Explain your answer.
c) Are there other points outside the interval 0 < 2 for which this expansion converges to the
function ()? Explain.
Warning: You are not to evaluate any series coefficients in this problem.
1

Ans: a) The expansion converges to the function at every point in this interval, b) 2 , c) 2 < 4
14. The function () = |sin()| is defined in < < .
Answer the below questions without evaluating any series coefficients, except in part (f).
a) Explain why this function can be expressed as a Fourier series in < < .
b) Determine the convergence rate (proportional to what power of

) of the Fourier series of ().

Explain your answer.

c) Now, the portion of () that falls in the interval 0

is to expanded using quarter-range cosine

expansion. Determine at what points this expansion converges to the function, in the interval 0

. If the expansion does not converge to the function at some points in this interval, to what value(s)
2
does the expansion converge, at those points? Explain.
d) Determine the convergence rate (proportional to what power of

) of the quarter-range cosine

expansion of () in the interval 0 2 . Explain your answer.

e) Finally, the portion of () that falls in the interval 0 is to expanded using half-range sine
expansion. Determine the convergence rate (proportional to what power of

) of this expansion.

Explain your answer.

f) Determine the half-range sine expansion of part (e); the portion of () in the interval 0 .
1

Ans: b) 2 , c) at = 2 , QRCE () 0 ( 2 ), d) , e) , f) sin()

15. A function () is defined in the interval 0 2 as () = 2 + 3. This function is to be
represented as a Fourier series. For this purpose, the four main expansions: half-range cosine/half-range
sine/quarter-range cosine/quarter-range sine expansions are considered.

6 of 7

a) The convergence rate of one of the expansions is proportional to

1
2

. Identify the correct expansion.

Explain clearly - by plotting all necessary functions in the interval of 6 8 - how you come to
identify the correct expansion. You must show why the other expansions do not have this convergence
rate. Use the below graph to plot. Make copies of the graph as many times as needed (each graph must
have only one function plot). Then print, cut and paste the graph(s) to your homework assignment
sheets. You will plot all necessary functions on this (these) graph(s) by hand.
b) Determine the half-range cosine and quarter-range sine expansions of (). All relevant integrals must
be evaluated.
HINT: If needed, you may use the Integral Table that is provided in ODTUClass.
c) Determine if the expansions of (b) converge to () over the whole interval 0 2. If not, indicate
the points in which the expansions fail to converge to () and find the values to which the
expansions converge at these points.
d) Consider the function () = 2 + |3| defined for all , which also encloses (). Which one(s) of
the four expansions of () converge(s) to () not just in 0 < < 2 but also at other (find those
other s)? Explain.

7 of 7