Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Geotechnical Engineering II
topics
! Stresses in Saturated Soil without Seepage
! Stresses in Saturated Soil with Upward Seepage
! Stresses in Saturated soil with Downward Seepage
! Seepage Force
! Effective Stress in Partially Saturated Soil
! Capillary Rise in Soils
! Effective Stress in the Zone of Capillary Rise
(total stress)
(effective stress)
u (neural stress)
Example:
Example:
Exercise:
Refer to the soil profile provided:
a. Calculate the variation of , u, and with
depth.
b. If the water table rises to the top of the
ground surface, what is the change in the
effective stress at the bottom of the clay
layer?
c. How many meters must the groundwater
table rise to decrease the effective stress by
15kN/m2 at the bottom of the clay layer.
Seepage Force
Soil Volume
#Filter Design
When seepage water flows from a soil with
relatively fine grains into a coarser material,
there is danger that the fine soil particles may
wash away into the coarse material.
This process may clog the void spaces into the
coarser material.
Conditions
1. The size of the voids in the filter should be
small enough to hold the larger particles of
the protected material in place.
2. The filter should have a high hydraulic
conductivity to prevent buildup of large
seepage forces and hydrostatic pressures in
the filters.
Assignment:
Submit a 2 to 3-page written report
on the research article:
A Case Study on Seepage Failure of
Bottom Soil within a Double-SheetPile-Wall-Type Ditch.
Notes:
1. Capillary tubes formed in soils because of the
continuity of voids and have variable cross
sections.
2. There is a variation of the capillary rise due
to nonuniformity of void spaces.
3. There is a variation in the degree of
saturation with the height of the soil caused
by capillary action.
Hazen, 1930
u = -wh
h = height of the point under consideration measured
from the groundwater table.
Exercise by pair:
The soil profile as shown, plot the variation of
, u, and with depth. H1 = 5m, H2 = 3m, H3
= 3.5m, S = 65% in the capillary rise zone.
Example:
Find the factor of safety against heave on the
downstream side of the single-row sheet pile structure.
Thickness of permeable layer = 10m and depth of
penetration of sheet pile = 6m. Assume sat = 19kN/m3.
Exercise by pair:
Calculate , u, and at A, B, C, and D for the
following cases and plot the variation with depth.