International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

Performance study of four stroke single cylinder diesel engine using silk worm
and pongamia pinnata at various blends
Kalyana kumar M1, Manjunatha K2, Mahesh reddy3
1

Department of mechanical engineering, EPCET, visvesvaraya technological University, Bangalore

Department of mechanical engineering, EPCET visvesvaraya technological University, Bangalore
3
Department of mechanical engineering, EPCET visvesvaraya technological University, Bangalore
2

ABSTRACT
Fossil fuels are used as a fuel for wide range of
applications around the world, as per the statistics it is
found that the depletion rate of fossil fuel is reducing
rapidly. In order to satisfy the needs of mankind we are
in search of an alternative fuel. The present research
work is carried out using pongamia pinnata and silk
worm oil, on a four stroke diesel engine as an alternative
fuel to find the efficiency of the diesel engine using
above specified mixture along with fossil fuel with
various blends at different flow rates of engine and
calorimeter cooling water.

In present investigation the biodiesel is prepared

from pongamia oil and it is blended with silk worm
oil. The performance parameters of single cylinder
4 stroke diesel engine are evaluated.
Keywords - Blend mixture, Calorimeter cooling water,
Diesel Engine cooling water, Pongamia pinnata, Silk
worm oil.

I.

INTRODUCTION

The Indian economy depends on transportation,

and transportation depends almost entirely on oil. This
dependence on oil as the nations only significant
transportation fuel creates risk of economic shock,
should supplies be disrupted; of terrorist acts financed by
oil-producing nations; and of military engagement to
protect access to oil. The increased production and use
of bio fuels could significantly reduce the amount of oil
needed to fuel cars and trucks. Creating an abundant
supply of bio fuels and the accompanying national
production and distribution network would ensure a
more prosperous and secure future for India. It would
mean higher incomes for farmers and an increase in
skilled jobs in rural areas. Tens of billions of dollars
would be invested in the Indian economy rather than
sent overseas.
the exhaust gas temperature and brake specific
fuel consumption of biodiesel blends increases with
increase in load than neat diesel may be because with

increase in concentration of biodiesel blends increases

the concentration of oxygen which enables the
combustion process resulting higher exhaust gas
temperature at higher blends. The brake thermal
efficiency of lesser blends is higher than larger blends of
bio diesel may be because of low volatility, slightly
higher viscosity and higher density of ethyl ester [2].
The two step process acidic esterification and
alkaline transesterification could lead to increase overall
yield of quality of biodiesel from used frying soya beans
oil and efficient waste management [3].
The emission of carbon mono oxide with increase
in biodiesel blend is reduced. May be because of
availability of larger concentration of oxygen with larger
values of bio diesel blends [4].
1.1 Objective of the Paper

To determine the performance parameters of four

stroke single cylinder diesel engine using diesel as
fuel such as inlet and outlet cooling water
temperature, exhaust gas temperature, specific fuel
consumption and fuel consumed.
To determine the performance parameters of
single cylinder four stroke diesel engine using
different percentage blends of pongamia,
silkworm oil and diesel.
II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Initially fossil fuel is used in diesel engine in order to

find the time taken for 10 cc of fuel consumption,

time for one liter collection of engine calorimeter
cooling water, pressure head , inlet and out let engine
cooling water temperature, inlet and out calorimeter
cooling water, ambient temperature and exhaust gas
temperature. Of diesel engine at low and high
calorimeter cooling water.
Diesel will be replaced by the various percentage
blends of pongamia and diesel in order to find the
different variables of diesel engine at low and high
calorimeter cooling water.
The above step is repeated using pongamia and silk
worm oil along with neat diesel.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
The graphs between specific fuel consumption versus

load exhaust gas temperature versus load and outlet

cooling water temperature versus load is plotted for
above three steps.
To determine the performance parameters of single
cylinder four stroke diesel engines using different
percentage blends of pongamia and silk worm oil
along with neat diesel.
The performance parameters which are obtained by
using blend of pongamia and pongamia and silk
worm oil is compared with the parameters obtained
when neat diesel is used.

Table: Diesel engine specification

Bhp
Rpm
Fuel
Cylinder
Bore diameter
Stroke length
Working cycle
Cooling
Ignition
Orifice diameter
Coefficient of
discharge

2.1 Engine Specifications

Engine

KIRLOSKAR model
JAV 1
5HP
1500 RPM
Diesel oil
Single
85 mm
80mm
4-Stroke
Water cooled
Compression ignition
0.025m

reading, time taken for 10 cc of fuel, time taken for 1

liter of water and different temperature, the readings
obtained as considered as references for the
comparison.
In the above step the readings are taken at low flow
rate of calorimeter cooling water and time taken for
collecting one liter of cooling water is taken.
The following procedure is followed during the
conduction of experiment in which the first step is to
check properly the lubrication of fuel supply, cooling
water supply and no load condition.
Take down initial reading i.e., volt meter and
ammeter reading.
Crank and start the engine.
Run the engine in no load condition and wait for
steady state to reach.
Allow the diesel to flow through burette using
suitable valve.
Note down the following readings speed of engine in
rpm using tachometer, time taken for collecting 10cc
of fuel manometer reading and time taken for
collecting one liter of calorimeter water.
Repeat the above procedure for different loads and
take four readings by varying loads. Now increase the
flow rate of calorimeter and repeat the above steps
and note down all the parameters at different load
conditions.

III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.

0.62

Fig 3.1: specific fuel consumption v/s load

Fig2.1: single cylinder 4 stroke diesel engine

2.2 Experimental Procedure

Initially the experiment is conducted by using diesel
as fuel and we will note down all the parameters such
as load on engine, voltmeter reading, ammeter

From the above graph it is evident that for 9% blend, the

biodiesel consumption to produce one unit of power at
high flow rate of water with increase in loads is almost
equal to fossil fuel consumption when compared to all
other blends and hence it is suggested to use 9% blend of
biodiesel at high flow rate of water from the point of
specific fuel consumption. In other hand 5% blend gives
maximum fuel consumption to produce one unit of
power at high flow rate of water with increase in loads

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

when compared with fossil fuel and hence from the point
of specific fuel consumption it is better to avoid 5%
blend of biodiesel.

the different blends from the point of outlet cooling

water temperature 3% blend is better since the
temperature plot of this blend lies closer to the fossil
fuel.
After conducting experiment at various blends of
pongamia and silkworm oil it is found that the
performance parameters of four stroke diesel engine
are similar to 6% blend of pongamia and fossil fuel.

Fig 3.2: Exhaust gas temperature v/s load

By comparing all the results of different blends we
will come to know that the temperature of exhaust
gases is maximum for 2% blend , the temperature of
exhaust gases at no load and maximum load of 5amp
for 2% blend at high flow rate of water is 101c and
171c respectively. The exhaust gas temperature of
6% blend is also increasing gradually with increasing
the load from 0 to 5amp the corresponding exhaust
gas temperatures are 84c and 128c respectively.
Since exhaust gas temperature of 6% blend is equal
to fossil fuel and therefore from the view of exhaust
gas temperature 6% blend of biodiesel is better when
compared to all other blends.

Fig 3.4: Outlet cooling water temperature v/s load

The above graph shows the plot between the outlet
cooling water temperature v/s load of fossil fuel, 6%
blend of pongammia with 94% of fossil fuel and 2%
silk worm oil and 4% biofuel blended with 94%
fossil fuel.
The outlet cooling water temperature of biofuel blend
of 6% and combination of silk worm oil along with
4% of biofuel is more with incresing in load when
compared to fossil fuel.
From the above graph it is concluded that the outlet
cooling water temperature of silk worm oil and
biofuel is increasing with increase in load more than
the temperature of engine when fossil is used and
hence forth the mixture of 2% silk worm oil and 4%
biofuel along with 94% of fossil fuel is restricted to
use in diesel engine in order to avoid the elevated
temperature of diesel engine at higher loads.

Fig 3.3: Outlet cooling water temp v/s load

The outlet cooling water temperature of 6% blend is
increasing with increase in loads and it gives the
maximum temperature difference among different
blends.
Since the temperature difference between 3% and
fossil fuel outlet cooling water is lesser compared to
the 6% blend and fossil fuel and therefore among all
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Fig 3.5: Exaust gas temperature v/s load

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015

IV. CONCLUSION
The above graph shows the plot between the exhaust
gas temperature v/s load of fossil fuel, 6% blend of
pongammia with 94% of fossil fuel and 2% silk
worm oil and 4% biofuel blended with 94% fossil
fuel.
The exhaust gas temperature of biofuel blend of 6%
and combination of silk worm oil along with 4% of
biofuel is more with incresing in load when compared
to fossil fuel.
From the above graph it is concluded that the exhaust
gas temperature of silk worm oil and biofuel is
increasing with increase in load more than the
temperature of engine when fossil is used and hence
forth the mixture of 2% silk worm oil and 4% biofuel
along with 94% of fossil fuel is restricted to use in
diesel engine in order to avoid the elevated
temperature of diesel engine at higher loads.

In order to extend the availability of fossil fuel a

blend of pongamia and silk worm oil at a blending
rate of 4% pongamia, 2% silk worm oil 96% fossil
fuel can be used without changing the design of four
stroke single cylinder diesel engines.
Since bio fuel is a green fuel the percentage of NOX
in exhaust gases is reduced. As a whole this project
could be a step mark for future researchers of bio
diesel testers to concentrate more on energy
conversion factors.

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Fig 3.6: Specific fuel consumption v/s load

The above graph shows the plot between the specific
fuel consumption v/s load of fossil fuel, 6% blend of
pongammia with 94% of fossil fuel and 2% silk
worm oil and 4% biofuel blended with 94% fossil
fuel.
The fuel consumption of biofuel blend of 6% and
combination of silk worm oil along with 4% of
biofuel is more with incresing in load when compared
to fossil fuel.
From the above graph it is concluded that the fuel
consumption of silk worm oil and biofuel is
increasing with increase in load more than, when
fossil is used and hence forth the mixture of 2% silk
worm oil and 4% biofuel along with 94% of fossil
fuel is restricted to use in diesel engine in order to
avoid the elevated consumption of fuel.

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