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Filters play significant roles in many microwave
applications. Emerging applications such as wireless
communications, satellite communication continue to
challenge RF filters with ever more stringent
requirementshigher performance, least size, lighter
weight, and lower cost. A high performance ,small size
third order multilayered microstriplow pass filter is
designed and fabricated in the Middle layer and periodic
pattern of Spiral hexagon ring resonatorsare etched on
the top layer of the Metamaterial structure. The
proposed filter is designed with cut-off frequency of
1.5GHz.Computer simulation technique(CST) is used to
simulate the filter. Resonator is a sub-wavelength
resonator, having size much smaller than the
conventional Microstrip resonator; thereby extensive
size miniaturization is possible.Main objective of this
paper is to offer a unique RF/microwave microstrip filter
based on the Spiral hexagon resonator structures.
Proposed filter has small size and better performance
both in pass and stop band ,also simulated and measured
results are compared , measured results follows the
simulated result.
Keywords- Kurodas identities,Low pass filter,
maximally flat micro -strip filter, Metamaterial,
Richards
transformation,spiral
hexagon
ring
resonators.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the late 1960s, Russian physicist Victor Vaselago
pondered whether two key electromagnetic properties
could ever be negative. In conventional materials,
permeability and permittivity are always positive,but he
proposed that if both permeability and permittivity
werenegative,so too would the refractive index of that
medium [1],[2].One result was the prediction that a light
ray entering a transparent material with negative
refractive index would bend the wrong way relative To
the surface normal. The reason behind this change lies in
the group and phase velocities of a wave. Refractive
index is a ratio of phase velocities. So, the phase velocity
of a light wave has to turn negative when the wave
encounters a medium with a negative refractive index,
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763
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
II.
FILTER DESIGNING
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764
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
N
g1
g2
g3
g4
g5
g6
2.0000
1.0
1.4142
1.4142
1.0
1.0000
2.0000
1.0000
1.0
0.7654
1.8478
1.8478
0.7654
1.0
0.6180
1.6180
2.0000
1.6180
0.6180
Impedance(ohm)
Length(mm)
Width(mm)
50
13.45
2.85
25
12.77
8.00
100
14.23
0.61
Table 2 Dimensions for a microstrip low pass filters
1.0000
Fig.4 Spiral
c=2.5mm)
Fig.3 Low pass filter showing required impedance values
hexagon
resonator
(a=4.5mm,
b=3.5mm,
For w/h>=1
.. (2)
With
. (3)
The w/h ratio to determinate Microstrip line impedance:
For w/h<2
(4)
With
(5)
For w/h>2
..... (6)
With
... (7)
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765
International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
Fig. 6(a) Top layer of proposed microstrip low pass filter with
Spiral Hexagon resonators
III.
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 4, Issue 7, July 2015
REFERENCES
IV.
CONCLUSION
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