22 01 Assault

V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 22.
01
Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Currentness
Penal Code (Refs & Annos)
Title 5. Offenses Against The Person (Refs & Annos)
Chapter 22. Assaultive Offenses (Refs & Annos)
� 22.01. Assault
(a) A person commits an offense if the person:
(1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another,

including the person's spouse;
(2) intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury,

including the person's spouse; or
(3) intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the
person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact
as offensive or provocative.
(b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the
offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:
(1) a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is
lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an
exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;
(2) a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described

by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if it is shown on the trial
of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense
under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, or 21.11 against a person
whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section
71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;
(3) a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as

defined by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal Code, or Section 51.02(13) or (14), Family
Code, or an employee of that person:
(A) while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the
scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by
government to provide the service; or
(B) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of

a service within the scope of the contract; or
(4) a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing
a duty as a security officer.
(c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except
that the offense is:
(1) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3)

against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are defined
by Section 22.04; or
(2) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a

sports participant against a person the actor knows is a sports participant
either:
(A) while the participant is performing duties or responsibilities in the

participant's capacity as a sports participant; or
(B) in retaliation for or on account of the participant's performance of a duty or

responsibility within the participant's capacity as a sports participant.
(d) For purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have known the person
assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the person was wearing a
distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public
servant or status as a security officer.
(e) In this section:
(1), (2) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, � 6.
(3) "Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section

1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under
Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.
(4) "Sports participant" means a person who participates in any official capacity
with respect to an interscholastic, intercollegiate, or other organized amateur or
professional athletic competition and includes an athlete, referee, umpire,
linesman, coach, instructor, administrator, or staff member.
(f) For the purposes of Subsection (b)(2):
(1) a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in Subsection

(b)(2) committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the
defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if
the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or
nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of
whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was
probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision;
and
(2) a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing
elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in
Subsection (b)(2) is a conviction of an offense listed in Subsection (b)(2).
CREDIT(S)
Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, � 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts
1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, �� 12, 13, eff. July 22, 1977; Acts 1979,
66th Leg., p. 260, ch. 135, �� 1, 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p.
367, ch. 164, � 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, �
1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, � 2.08, eff. Sept. 1, 1987;
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, �� 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd
Leg., ch. 14, � 284(23) to (26), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch.
334, � 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, � 1, eff. Sept. 1,
1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, � 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th
Leg., ch. 165, � 27.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, � 5,
eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, � 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts
1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, �� 27.01, 31.01(68), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th
Leg., ch. 62, � 15.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, � 1,
eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294, � 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts
2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, �� 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch.
1028, � 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 728, �� 16.001, 16.002,
eff. Sept. 1, 2005; Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, �� 1, 2, 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2005.
HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES
2006 Electronic Pocket Part Update

2003 Legislation
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294 added subd. (b)(3) and made other nonsubstantive
changes.
Section 2 of Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294 provides:
"(a) The change in law made by this Act applies only to an offense committed on or
after the effective date of this Act. For purposes of this section, an offense is
committed before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense
occurs before the effective date.
"(b) An offense committed before the effective date of this Act is covered by the
law in effect when the offense was committed, and the former law is continued in
effect for that purpose."
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019 added subsec. (b)(3); in subsec. (d), inserted the
references to a security officer; and added subsec. (e)(3).
"This Act takes effect September 1, 2003, and applies only to an offense committed
on or after that date. An offense committed before the effective date of this Act
is covered by the law in effect when the offense was committed, and the former law
is continued in effect for that purpose. For purposes of this section, an offense
was committed before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense
occurred before that date."
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, rewrote subsec. (c); and added subsec. (e)(3).
Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) provided:
"An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that
an offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor if the offense was
committed against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are
defined by Section 22.04."
"The change in law made by this Act applies only to an offense committed on or
after the effective date of this Act. An offense committed before the effective
date of this Act is covered by the law in effect when the offense was committed,
and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose. For purposes of this
section, an offense was committed before the effective date of this Act if any
element of the offense occurred before that date."
2005 Legislation
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 728 redesignated subsec. (b)(3), as added by Acts 2003,
78th Leg., ch. 1019, as subsec. (b)(4), redesignated subsec. (e)(3), as added by
Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, as subsec. (e)(4), and made nonsubstantive
changes.
Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, reenacted and amended subsec. (b); repealed subsec.
(e)(1) and (2); and rewrote subsec. (f). Prior thereto subsecs. (b), (e)(1) and
(2) and (f) read:
"(b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the
offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:
"(1) a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is
lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an
exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;
"(2) a member of the defendant's family or household, if it is shown on the trial

of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense
against a member of the defendant's family or household under this section; or
"(3) a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as

defined by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal Code; Section 51.02(13), Family Code; or
Section 51.02(14), Family Code, or an employee of that person:
"(A) while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the
scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by
government to provide the service; or
"(B) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of

a service within the scope of the contract; or.
"(3) a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is
performing a duty as a security officer."
"(e)(1) 'Family' has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code."
"(2) 'Household' has the meaning assigned by Section 71. 005, Family Code."
"(f) For the purposes of this section, a defendant has been previously convicted
of an offense against a member of the defendant's family or a member of the
defendant's household under this section if the defendant was adjudged guilty of
the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant
of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was
ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was
subsequently discharged from community supervision."
"The change in law made by this Act applies only to an offense committed on or
after September 1, 2005. An offense committed before September 1, 2005, is covered
by the law in effect when the offense was committed, and the former law is
continued in effect for that purpose. For the purposes of this section, an offense
was committed before September 1, 2005, if any element of the offense occurred
before that date."
2003 Main Volume
Acts 1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, �� 12, 13 rewrote subsec. (b) and
added subsecs. (c) and (d). Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read:
"An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the offense is
committed under Subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, in which event it is
a Class C misdemeanor."
Acts 1979, 66th Leg., ch. 135, in subsec. (c) designated the former provisions as
subd. (1) and added subd. 2; and in subsec. (d) added "unless the offense . . .
Class B misdemeanor".
Acts 1979, 66th Leg., ch. 164 inserted "including his spouse" in subds. (a)(1) and
(2).
Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, � 1, in subsec. (a), in the introductory
language and in subd. (3) substituted "the person" for "he", in subds. (1) and (2)
substituted "the person's" for "his".
Section 13 of the 1983 amendatory act provides:
after the effective date [Sept. 1, 1983] of this Act.
law in effect at the time the offense was committed, and the former law is
continued in effect for that purpose. For purposes of this section, an offense is
committed before the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense
occurs before the effective date."
Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, � 2.08, in subsec. (b), designated subd. (1) and
added subd. (2); in subsec. (c), inserted subd. (2); and redesignated former subd.
(2) as subd. (3).
Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, �� 1 to 3 inserted subds. (c)(4) and (d)(2) and
added subsec. (e).
Section 34 of the 1989 amendatory act provides:
"(a) The change in law made by Sections 1 through 7 of this Act applies only to
the prosecution of an offense committed on or after the effective date [Sept. 1,
1989] of this Act. For purposes of this section, an offense is committed before
the effective date of this Act if any element of the offense occurs before the
effective date.
law in effect when the offense was committed, and that law is continued in effect
for this purpose."
Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, � 284, in subsec. (b), in subd. (1), substituted
"Section 242.002(6), Health and Safety Code, or a person providing medical or
psychiatric treatment at an institution described in that section, and the offense
is committed by causing bodily injury to a patient or resident of an institution
described in that section" for "Subsection (a), Section 2, Chapter 413, Acts of
the 53rd Legislature, Regular Session, 1953, as amended (Article 4442c, Vernon's
Texas Civil Statutes), or a person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at
an institution described in that subsection, and the offense is committed by
causing bodily injury to a patient or resident of an institution described in that
subsection", in subd. (2), substituted "Section 242.003(a)(6), Health and Safety
Code, or a person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at a facility, except
a facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of
Corrections, described in that section, and the offense is committed by causing
bodily injury to a patient or resident of a facility, except a facility operated
by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections, described in
that section" for "Subsection (a)(6), Section 2, Chapter 413, Acts of the 53rd
Legislature, Regular Session, 1953, as amended (Article 4442c, Vernon's Texas
Civil Statutes), or a person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at a
facility, except a facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas
Department of Corrections, described in that subsection, and the offense is
committed by causing bodily injury to a patient or resident of a facility, except
a facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of
Corrections, described in that subsection"; and in subsec. (c), in subd. (1),
substituted "Section 242.002(6), Health and Safety Code, or a person providing
medical or psychiatric treatment at an institution described in that section, and
the offense is committed by threatening a patient or resident of an institution
described in that section" for "Subsection (a), Section 2, Chapter 413, Acts of
the 53rd Legislature, Regular Session, 1953, as amended (Article 4442c, Vernon's
Texas Civil Statutes), or a person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at
an institution described in that subsection, and the offense is committed by
threatening a patient or resident of an institution described in that subsection"
and in subd. (2), substituted "Section 242.003(a)(6), Health and Safety Code, or a
person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at a facility, except a facility
operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections,
described in that section, and the offense is committed by threatening a patient
or resident of a facility, except a facility operated by the Texas Youth
Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections, described in that section" for
"Subsection (a)(6), Section 2, Chapter 413, Acts of the 53rd Legislature, Regular
Session, 1953, as amended (Article 4442c, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), or a
described in that subsection, and the offense is committed by threatening a
patient or resident of a facility, except a facility operated by the Texas Youth
Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections, described in that subsection."
Section 1 of Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, provides, in part, that the Act is a
revision of statutes, without substantive change.
Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, � 1, in subsec. (c), throughout the subsection
substituted references to the institutional division of the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice for references to the Texas Department of Corrections, and
corrected statutory references; and, in subd. (3), inserted "other than the
Windham Schools".
Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, � 1, in subsec. (b), added subd. (3).
Section 4 of Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, and � 5 of Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch.
366, each provide:
after the effective date [Sept. 1, 1991] of this Act. For purposes of this
section, an offense is committed before the effective date of this Act if any
element of the offense occurs before the effective date.
effect for this purpose."
Acts 1993, 73rd leg., ch. 900, � 1.01 rewrote subsecs. (b) and (c), and deleted
subsecs. (d) and (e); prior to amendment, subsecs. (b) through (e) read:
"(b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) of this section is a Class A misdemeanor

unless:
"(1) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of an institution

described in Section 242.002(6), Health and Safety Code, or a person providing
the offense is committed by causing bodily injury to a patient or resident of an
institution described in that section, in which event the offense is a felony of
the third degree;
"(2) the offense is committed by the owner or employee of a facility, except a

facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of
Corrections, described in Section 242.003(a)(6), Health and Safety Code, or a
described in that section, and the offense is committed by causing bodily injury
to a patient or resident of a facility, except a facility operated by the Texas
Youth Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections, described in that
section, in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree; or
"(3) the offense is committed against a family member and the actor has been
previously convicted under this section for an offense against a family member two
or more times, in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree.
"(c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) of this section is a Class C misdemeanor

unless:
"(1) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of an institution

described in Section 242.002(6), Health and Safety Code, or a person providing
the offense is committed by threatening a patient or resident of an institution
described in that section with bodily injury, in which event the offense is a
Class B misdemeanor;
<"Text of subd. (2) as amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, � 284(26)>
"(2) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of a facility, except a
facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the Texas Department of
Corrections, described in Section 242.003(a)(6), Health and Safety Code, or a
described in that section, and the offense is committed by threatening a patient
or resident of a facility, except a facility operated by the Texas Youth
Commission or the Texas Department of Corrections, described in that section with
bodily injury, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor; or
<"Text of subd. (2) as amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, � 1>
"(2) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of a facility, except a

facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the institutional division of
the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, described in Section 242.002, Health and
Safety Code, or a person providing medical or psychiatric treatment at a facility,
except a facility operated by the Texas Youth Commission or the institutional
division, described in that section, and the offense is committed by threatening a
patient or resident of a facility, except a facility operated by the Texas Youth
Commission or the institutional division, described in that section with bodily
injury, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor;
"(3) the offense is committed against a classroom teacher, counselor, principal,

or other similar instructional or administrative employee of a primary or
secondary school accredited by the Texas Education Agency, other than the Windham
Schools, while engaged in performing his educational duties, in which event the
offense is a Class B misdemeanor; or
previously convicted under this section for an offense against a family member:
"(A) one time, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor;
"(B) two times, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor; or
"(C) more than two times, in which event the offense is a felony of the third
degree.
"(d) An offense under Subsection (a)(3) of this section is a Class C misdemeanor

unless:
"(1) the offense is committed against a classroom teacher, counselor, principal,

or other similar instructional or administrative employee of a primary or
secondary school accredited by the Texas Education Agency while engaged in
performing his educational duties, in which event the offense is a Class B
misdemeanor; or
previously convicted under this section for an offense against a family member:
"(A) one time, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor;
"(B) two times, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor; or
"(C) more than two times, in which event the offense is a felony of the third
degree.
"(e) In this section, "family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.01, Family
Code."
Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, in subsec. (b), added ", except that the offense is
a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against a person the
actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging
an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power
or performance of an official duty as a public servant"; in subsec. (c), added ",
except that an offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor if the
offense was committed against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as
those terms are defined by Section 22.04"; and added subsec. (d).
Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, in subsec. (b), added provisions aggravating the
offense to state jail felony level for multiple offenses against family members;
and added subsec. (d).
Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, in subsec. (b), inserted subdivision designations,
and, therein, in subd. (1), added "; or", and in subd. (2), substituted "a state
jail felony if" for "unless", and at the end, deleted ", in which event the
offense is a state jail felony"; and redesignated subsec. (d), as added by Acts
1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, as subsec. (e).
Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, in subsec. (e), corrected a reference.
Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, rewrote subsec. (b); in subsec. (e), inserted a
subd. (1) designation, substituted "71.003" for "71.01" and added subd. (2); and
added subsec. (f). Prior to the amendment, subsec. (b) read:
"An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the
offense is:
"(1) a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against a person the
actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging
an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power
or performance of an official duty as a public servant; or
"(2) a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the
offense was committed against a family member and that the defendant has been
previously convicted of an offense against a family member under this section two
or more times."
Prior Laws:
Rev.P.C.1879, arts. 484-489, 493, 495, 499, 510, 511, 610, 611.
Rev.P.C.1895, arts. 587-592, 596, 598, 600, 604, 614, 615, 715, 716, 793.
Rev.P.C.1911, arts. 1008-1013, 1017, 1019, 1021, 1025, 1035, 1036, 1145, 1146,
1239.
Acts 1931, 42nd Leg., p. 95, ch. 61.
Acts 1949, 51st Leg., p. 821, ch. 441.
Acts 1949, 51st Leg., p. 1131, ch. 582.
Acts 1961, 57th Leg., p. 706, ch. 331, � 1.
Vernon's Ann.P.C. (1925) arts. 1138 to 1141, 1144 to 1146a, 1159, 1160, 1167, 1259
to 1260a, 1339.
CROSS REFERENCES
"Another" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.
"Bodily injury" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.
Consent as defense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 22.06.
"Intentionally" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.
Justification for use of force, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 9.01 et seq.
"Knowingly" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.
"Person" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.
Punishment,
Class A misdemeanor, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.21.
Class C misdemeanor, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.23.

State jail felony, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.35.
Third degree felony, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.34.
"Reasonable belief" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.
"Recklessly" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.
Resisting arrest, search or transportation as offense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code �

38.03.
Self defense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 9.31.
Students, expulsion for assault, see V.T.C.A., Education Code � 37.007.
LAW REVIEW COMMENTARIES
Annual survey of Texas law: Assault offenses. Shirley W. Butts, 35 Sw.L.J. 511
(1981).
Deadly blood: Litigation of transfusion-associated AIDS cases in Texas. Gregory N.

Woods and Ann V. Thorton, 21 Tex.Tech L.Rev. 667 (1990).
Family violence: What lawyers and judges can do. Judge Steve Russell, 49 Tex.B.J.
965 (1986).
Futility of eloquence: Selected Texas family violence legislation 1979- 1991.

Steve Russell, 33 S.Tex.L.Rev. 353 (1992).
Legal remedial alternatives for spouse abuse in Texas. Gerald S. Reamey, 20

Hous.L.Rev. 1279 (1983).
Obtaining the intended protection for victims of domestic violence under section
22.01 of the Texas Penal Code. Reynaldo Anaya Valencia, 12 Tex. J. Women & L. 97
(2002).
Presumptions in criminal cases. Luther Hugh Solues III, 20 Baylor L.Rev. 277
(1968).
New Penal Code for Texas. Page Keeton and Seth S. Searcy III, 33 Tex.B.J. 980
(1970).
Presumptions in criminal cases. Luther Hugh Solues III, 20 Baylor L.Rev. 277
(1968).
Texas charging instrument law: Recent developments and continuing need for reform.
George E. Dix, 35 Baylor L.Rev. 689 (1983).
Texas Equal Rights Amendment in courts--1972-1977: A review and proposed

principles of interpretation. Rodric B. Schoen, 15 Hous.L.Rev. 537 (1978).
Wife abuse legislation. 7 T.Marshall L.Rev. 282 (1982).
LIBRARY REFERENCES
2003 Main Volume
Assault and Battery 47, 100.
Extortion and Threats 25, 33.
Westlaw Topic Nos. 37, 165.
C.J.S. Assault and Battery �� 62, 130.
C.J.S. Threats and Unlawful Communications �� 2 to 20, 26 to 28.
RESEARCH REFERENCES
2006 Electronic Pocket Part Update

ALR Library
2002 ALR, Federal 9, Construction and Effect of United States Sentencing Guideline
� 2K2.1 (U.S.S.G. � 2K2.1, 18 U.S.C.A.) Pertaining to Unlawful Receipt,
Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition and to Prohibited...
36 ALR 5th 541, Products Liability: Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products.
5 ALR 5th 243, Sufficiency of Bodily Injury to Support Charge of Aggravated

Assault.
50 ALR 4th 1081, Lesser-Related State Offense Instructions: Modern Status.
39 ALR 4th 983, Sufficiency of Prior Conviction to Support Prosecution Under State
Statute Prohibiting Persons Under Indictment For, or Convicted Of, Crime from
Acquiring, Having, Carrying, or Using Firearms or Weapons.
31 ALR 4th 504, Power or Duty of State Court, Which Has Accepted Guilty Plea, to
Set Aside Such Plea on Its Own Initiative Prior to Sentencing or Entry of
Judgment.
58 ALR 3rd 662, Consent as Defense to Charge of Criminal Assault and Battery.
31 ALR 3rd 565, What Constitutes "Custodial Interrogation" Within Rule of Miranda
v Arizona Requiring that Suspect be Informed of His Federal Constitutional Rights
Before Custodial Interrogation.
33 ALR 3rd 335, Comment Note.--Length of Sentence as Violation of Constitutional

Provisions Prohibiting Cruel and Unusual Punishment.
9 ALR 3rd 203, Modern Status of Doctrine of Res Judicata in Criminal Cases.
89 ALR 2nd 540, Plea of Nolo Contendere or Non Vult Contendere.
52 ALR 2nd 1314, What is an Infamous Crime or One Involving Moral Turpitude
Constituting Disqualification to Hold Public Office.
169 ALR 315, Comment Note.--Duty in Instructing Jury in Criminal Prosecution to

Explain and Define Offense Charged.
125 ALR 605, Necessity of Charging Matter of Aggravation in Indictment or
Information, to Justify Imposition of Higher Punishment Under a Statute Which
Varies Punishment According to Enormity of Offense.
112 ALR 1303, Right of Owner of Easement of Way to Make Improvements or Repairs
Thereon.
102 ALR 1019, Absence of Evidence Supporting Charge of Lesser Degree of Homicide
as Affecting Duty of Court to Instruct as To, or Right of Jury to Convict Of,
Lesser Degree.
103 ALR 1041, Defendant's Right to Elect as to Punishment Where Statutory

Provision as to Punishment is Changed After Commission of Offense, But Before
Conviction.
48 ALR 746, What Constitutes Offense of Obstructing or Resisting Officer.
Encyclopedias
TX Jur. 3d Assault & Battery � 2, Elements.
TX Jur. 3d Assault & Battery � 3, Intent.
TX Jur. 3d Assault & Battery � 28, Sufficiency.
TX Jur. 3d Assault & Battery � 33, Self-Defense.
TX Jur. 3d Automobiles � 452, Driver's Duty to Render Aid.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 188, Lesser Included Offenses.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 191, Felony Murder.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 337, Persons on Whom Offenses May be Committed.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 409, Definitions.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 412, Assault by Threats.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 413, Assault by Threats -- Imminent Bodily Injury.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 414, Assault by Threats -- Requirement Differentiated

from that Contained Under Robbery.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 415, Assault by Threats -- Use of Weapon in Threatening

Manner.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 416, Offensive or Provocative Contact.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 417, Intent, Knowledge, and Recklessness.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 418, Injury to Person Other Than One Accused Intended to
Injure; Transferred Intent.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 420, Serious Bodily Injury.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 422, Public Servant's Lawful Discharge of Official Duty.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 429, What Constitutes a Deadly Weapon -- Motor Vehicles.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 430, What Constitutes a Deadly Weapon -- Other

Instruments; Parts of Accused's Body.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 431, in General; Assault.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 456, in General; Accused's Intent.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 457, Means of Assault.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 458, Aggravating Circumstances -- Causing Serious Bodily

Injury.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 459, Aggravating Circumstances -- Using Deadly Weapon.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 460, in General; Culpable Mental State.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 464, Defenses.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 465, in General; Degree of Offense.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 466, in General; Degree of Offense -- Evidence.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 477, in General; Degree of Offense.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1219, Generally; Intent and Knowledge.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1227, Sufficiency.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1574, Consent to Test.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1628, What Constitutes Custodial Interrogation.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1838, Same Act or Transaction.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1842, Greater and Lesser Included Offenses.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 1863, Verdict.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 2267, Entry Into Residence.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 2484, Conditions Related to Victim or Community Safety.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 3058, Disclosure of Jurors' Personal Information.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 3183, Definitions.

TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 3242, When Charge is Not Required.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 3243, Sufficiency of Evidence.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 3324, Generally; Necessity Of, and Time for Making,
Objection.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4011, Identity of Accused or Victim.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4155, Verdict or Findings; Affirmative Finding of Use of

Deadly Weapon -- Other Affirmative Findings.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4201, Excessive Fines and Cruel or Unusual Punishment --
Application to Particular Punishments.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4266, Generally; What Constitutes Prior Conviction.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4283, Burden of Proof.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4284, Evidence of Identity of Offender.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4722, Where Questions Involved Have Become Moot.
TX Jur. 3d Criminal Law � 4797, Suppression of Evidence.
TX Jur. 3d Family Law � 1756, Criminal Responsibility of Parent for Death or

Serious Injury of a Child.
TX Jur. 3d Public Aid & Welfare � 46, Definitions.
TX Jur. 3d Schools � 328, Expulsion.
Forms
Texas Jurisprudence Pleading & Practice Forms 2d Ed � 32:1, Introductory Comments.
10 West's Texas Forms � 23.62, Battery Question and Instruction on Privilege of

Discipline.
18 West's Texas Forms � 9.20, Statement of Evidence -- Publication.
18A West's Texas Forms � 19.2, Texas Parental Notification Rules and Forms.
Treatises and Practice Aids
Charlton, 6 Tex. Prac. Series � 1.6, Definitions.
Charlton, 6 Tex. Prac. Series � 13.2, Assault and Aggravated Assault.
Charlton, 6 Tex. Prac. Series App. A, Appendix A. Penal Code.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 7 Tex. Prac. Series � 7.1, Assault -- by Causing
Bodily Injury.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 7 Tex. Prac. Series � 7.2, Assault -- by

Threats.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 7 Tex. Prac. Series � 7.3, Assault -- by

Physical Contact.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 7 Tex. Prac. Series � 7.5, Aggravated Assault --
Serious Bodily Injury.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 7 Tex. Prac. Series � 25.3, Unlawful Possession
of Firearm.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 8 Tex. Prac. Series � 102.4, List of Statutory
Presumptions.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 8 Tex. Prac. Series � 116.1, Assault.
McCormick, Blackwell & Blackwell, 8 Tex. Prac. Series � 131.3, Unlawful Possession
of Firearm.
Brooks, 23 Tex. Prac. Series � 14.14, Criminal Codes.
Koons, 33 Tex. Prac. Series � 25.5, Criminal Penalties.
Koons, 33 Tex. Prac. Series � 8.10, Protective Orders -- Family Violence.
Dix and Dawson, 40 Tex. Prac. Series � 3.29, Special Rules -- Aggravated Offenses.
Dix and Dawson, 40 Tex. Prac. Series � 11.76, Specimens Taken for Treatment
Reasons.
Dix and Dawson, 41 Tex. Prac. Series � 20.282, Specificity Required by Traditional
Case Law.
Dix and Dawson, 41 Tex. Prac. Series � 20.383, Alternative Ways of Committing
Single Offense -- Distinguishing Different Offenses.
Dix and Dawson, 43 Tex. Prac. Series � 31.65, Application of the Hypothetically
Correct Jury Charge Analysis -- Specificity Pleaded in the Charging Instrument --
Construing Pleadings Alleging Specifics.
Dix and Dawson, 43 Tex. Prac. Series � 38.128A, Family Violence Enhancement to
Felony.
NOTES OF DECISIONS
In general 3
Accident or mistake, defenses 23
Admissibility of evidence 29
Aggravated and simple assault, instructions 38
Alarming or threatening acts 8
Bodily injury 6
Bodily injury, instructions 37

Bodily injury, sufficiency of evidence 31
Consent, instructions 35.5
Construction and application 2
Counsel 43.5
Deadly weapon, sufficiency of evidence 31.5
Defenses 21-23
Defenses - In general 21
Defenses - Accident or mistake 23
Defenses - Self-defense 22
Double jeopardy 26
Effective assistance of counsel 43.5
Federal cases 3.5
Findings 43
Guardian and ward 20
Homicide, included offenses 17
Identity of defendant 24
Included offenses 14-17
Included offenses - In general 14
Included offenses - Homicide 17
Included offenses - Indecency with a child 15.5
Included offenses - Reckless conduct 16
Included offenses - Resisting arrest 15
Included offenses - Sexual assault 16.5
Indecency with a child, included offenses 15.5
Indictment 27
Instructions 34-42
Instructions - In general 34
Instructions - Aggravated and simple assault 38
Instructions - Bodily injury 37

Instructions - Consent 35.5
Instructions - Lesser included offense 35
Instructions - Mens rea 36
Instructions - Misdemeanor assault 39
Instructions - Relationship of parties 38.5
Instructions - Resisting arrest 40
Instructions - Robbery 41
Instructions - Self-defense 42
Instructions - Separate offenses 35.7
Jury 46
Law enforcement personnel 18
Law enforcement, sufficiency of evidence 32
Lesser included offense, instructions 35
Means or methods 11
Member of household 42.5
Mens rea 5
Mens rea, instructions 36
Mens Rea, sufficiency of evidence 30
Misdemeanor assault, instructions 39
Physical contacts 7
Preemption 4
Presumptions and burden of proof 28
Public servant, sufficiency of evidence 33.5
Reckless conduct, included offenses 16
Relationship of parties, instructions 38.5
Relationship to defendant, sufficiency of evidence 32.5
Relationship to victim, sufficiency of evidence 32.7
Resisting arrest, included offenses 15
Resisting arrest, instructions 40

Review 45
Right of privacy 9
Robbery, instructions 41
Self-defense, defenses 22
Self-defense, instructions 42
Sentence and punishment 44
Separate offenses, instructions 35.7
Sexual assault, included offense 16.5
Sufficiency of evidence 30-33.5
Sufficiency of evidence - Bodily injury 31
Sufficiency of evidence - Deadly weapon 31.5
Sufficiency of evidence - Law enforcement 32
Sufficiency of evidence - Mens Rea 30
Sufficiency of evidence - Public servant 33.5
Sufficiency of evidence - Relationship to defendant 32.5
Sufficiency of evidence - Relationship to victim 32.7
Sufficiency of evidence - Threatening conduct 33
Teachers and schools 19
Tests 13
Threatening conduct, sufficiency of evidence 33
Validity 1
Verbal threats 10
Weapons 12
Witnesses 25
1. Validity
Defendant had standing to bring facial constitutional challenge to statute

prohibiting assaults on public servants, claiming that bodily injury was too vague
to be constitutionally applied because any defendant could cause police officer
some form of pain during course of any arrest, where defendant was convicted for
third-degree felony assault on a public servant, rather than misdemeanor, based on
officer's claim that he experienced pain as result of defendant's actions. Bryant
v. State (App. 10 Dist. 2001) 47 S.W.3d 80, petition for discretionary review
refused. Constitutional Law 42.2(1)
Statute prohibiting assault of public servant was not unconstitutionally vague for
failing to define "bodily injury," "pain," or "impairment of physical condition"
defendant was capable of determining from the common meanings of those terms that
he was prohibited from rushing at officer while trying to escape, and officer was
able to determine that he suffered pain when his fingers were slammed back and
bruised during defendant's assault. Bryant v. State (App. 10 Dist. 2001) 47 S.W.3d
80, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 48;
Constitutional Law 82(6.1)
Constitutional challenge by defendant convicted of assault-family violence to

statute requiring trial courts to enter family violence findings once it was
determined an offense involved family violence was not ripe for review, as statute
had not yet been applied to defendant; though finding of family violence had been
entered, the finding would only affect defendant by allowing a higher penalty
range if defendant was convicted for a subsequent assault-family violence, and
because it was contingent on a remote possibility of a future conviction the
statute had not been unconstitutionally applied to defendant. Butler v. State
(App. 2 Dist. 2005) 162 S.W.3d 727, petition for discretionary review granted,
affirmed 189 S.W.3d 299. Constitutional Law 46(1)
Evidence was sufficient to establish that defendant acted knowingly or

intentionally in assaulting his girlfriend and her husband and thus supported
conviction for aggravated assault; evidence showed that, after defendant's
girlfriend and her husband, from whom she was separated, entered defendant's home
to retrieve their children, defendant pointed kitchen knife at husband in course
of argument and said, while standing close enough to stab husband, he was "going
to get him some," and that defendant pushed girlfriend and screamed in her face,
and on her return to the house told her, "I knew you were going to pull this."
Castillo v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2003) 2003 WL 1918972, Unreported. Assault And
Battery 91.6(2)
2. Construction and application
Dates of defendant's prior convictions for assault, family violence, unlike fact
of prior convictions, were not elements of defendant's subsequent enhanced charge
of assault, family violence, under current statute, which stated that prior
offense would be deemed committed before effective date of statute if any element
occurred before effective date of statute, and thus court had discretion to
confine defendant to jail under revised statute, even though prior convictions had
occurred under prior version of law that would not have given court discretion to
sentence defendant to jail. Sheppard v. State (App. 6 Dist. 1999) 5 S.W.3d 338.
Sentencing And Punishment 1828
Although Texas was among a minority of states that allowed a mens rea of
recklessness for aggravated assault, Texas penal code defined aggravated assault
as that term was ordinarily, contemporarily, and commonly understood, and thus,
defendant's prior Texas conviction for aggravated assault constituted a crime of
violence for purposes of enhancement under sentencing guidelines of his sentence
for attempted illegal reentry by a previously-deported alien. U.S. v. Fuentes-
Berlanga, C.A.5 (Tex.)2005, 149 Fed.Appx. 258, 2005 WL 2285313, Unreported,
certiorari denied 126 S.Ct. 1800, 164 L.Ed.2d 538. Sentencing And Punishment 793
3. In general
A single difficulty may embrace plural assaults, and a conviction may be had for
each. State v. Bradley (1871) 34 Tex. 95; Samuels v. State (1888) 25 Tex.Crim.
537, 8 S.W. 656; Ashton v. State (1893) 31 Tex.Crim. 482, 21 S.W. 48.
An assault can be committed under law of Texas only when act is coupled with
ability to commit a battery. Vietnamese Fishermen's Ass'n v. Knights of Ku Klux
Klan, S.D.Tex.1981, 518 F.Supp. 993. Assault And Battery 4
An "assault" is an attempt to do something, as, for example, an intentional

attempt to do injury, by violence, to the person of another, or simply, an attempt
to commit a battery. Robinson v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1982) 630 S.W.2d 394, review
refused. Assault And Battery 48
Prior conviction for assault against a household member could be used to enhance
current conviction, although prior conviction occurred before effective date of
enhancement statute; date of prior conviction was not an element of current crime,
and the state was required to prove only defendant's status as having committed
prior assault. Manning v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2003) 112 S.W.3d 740, petition for
discretionary review refused. Sentencing And Punishment 16
Simple assault by means of grabbing and falling on victim was not a lesser-
included offense of aggravated assault by striking victim with a baseball bat;
proof that defendant grabbed and fell on victim was not required to prove
aggravated assault by hitting victim with bat, as alleged in indictment. Irving v.
State (Cr.App. 2005) 176 S.W.3d 842. Indictment And Information 189(2)
3.5. Federal cases
Prior Texas offense of misdemeanor assault, which required causing bodily injury,
necessarily involved use or attempted use of physical force, as required for such
offense to be predicate for federal offense of unlawful possession of firearm
following misdemeanor conviction of domestic violence. U.S. v. Shelton, C.A.5
(Tex.)2003, 325 F.3d 553, rehearing and rehearing en banc denied 67 Fed.Appx. 250,
2003 WL 21145726, certiorari denied 124 S.Ct. 305, 540 U.S. 916, 157 L.Ed.2d 210,
certiorari denied 125 S.Ct. 866, 543 U.S. 1057, 160 L.Ed.2d 782. Weapons 4
4. Preemption
City ordinance making it illegal to, in any manner oppose, molest, abuse or
interrupt a police officer in the execution of his duty, which also made it
unlawful for any person to "assault" or "strike" such a police officer, was
partially preempted by V.T.C.A., Penal Code �� 22.01 and 22.02, prohibiting
assault and aggravated assault. City of Houston, Tex. v. Hill, U.S.Tex.1987, 107
S.Ct. 2502, 482 U.S. 451, 96 L.Ed.2d 398. Municipal Corporations 592(1)
5. Mens rea
Where one intending to commit an assault with his fists, is so confused by a blow
that he uses a knife without knowing what he is doing, he may be convicted of
simple assault. Brewer v. State (Cr.App. 1913) 68 Tex.Crim. 483, 153 S.W. 622.
Assault And Battery 54
Statute making a person guilty of assault if he intentionally, knowingly, or

recklessly causes bodily injury to another [V.T.C.A., Penal Code �� 22.01(a)(1),
22.02(a)(1)] expresses the three culpable mental states disjunctively and,
therefore, requires that there be proof of any one of the three to support a
conviction. Perez v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1986) 704 S.W.2d 499. Assault And
Battery 49
Indictment charging defendant with assault, by alleging that defendant recklessly

caused bodily injury to another by striking victim with a belt, gave defendant
sufficient notice of wrongful conduct charged; indictment adequately informed
defendant of act relied upon by state to constitute recklessness, and was not
required to allege how striking with a belt was done in a reckless manner. State
v. Emanuel (App. 5 Dist. 1994) 873 S.W.2d 108. Assault And Battery 77
In prosecution for aggravated assault with deadly weapon, state was not required
to prove culpable mental state in connection with aggravating element of use of
deadly weapon; culpable mental states of intent, knowledge, and recklessness
relate to assault element of causing bodily injury to another, and second culpable
mental state is not required to be included with deadly weapon element. Butler v.
State (App. 2 Dist. 1996) 928 S.W.2d 286, rehearing overruled, petition for
discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 56
To be guilty of assault, one must intend the result of the conduct, not just the
conduct itself. Brooks v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1998) 967 S.W.2d 946. Assault And
Battery 49
Assault requires proof that the defendant knew or reasonably believed that the
complainant would regard the contact as offensive or provocative at the time of
the contact. Ramos v. State (App. 1 Dist. 1998) 981 S.W.2d 700, petition for
Assaultive behavior consummated by threat was not a result-oriented offense, which

would require proof of culpable mental state with respect to results of conduct;
rather, culpable mental state only had to be proved with respect to the nature of
conduct. Guzman v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1999) 988 S.W.2d 884. Assault And Battery
49
6. Bodily injury
Prior Texas offense of misdemeanor assault, which required causing bodily injury,
necessarily involved use or attempted use of physical force, as required for such
offense to be predicate for federal offense of unlawful possession of firearm
following misdemeanor conviction of domestic violence. U.S. v. Shelton, C.A.5
(Tex.)2003, 325 F.3d 553, rehearing and rehearing en banc denied 67 Fed.Appx. 250,
2003 WL 21145726, certiorari denied 124 S.Ct. 305, 540 U.S. 916, 157 L.Ed.2d 210,
certiorari denied 125 S.Ct. 866, 543 U.S. 1057, 160 L.Ed.2d 782. Weapons 4
Statutory definition of "bodily injury" for purposes of assault is purposefully

broad and seems to encompass even relatively minor physical contacts so long as
they constitute more than mere offensive touching. York v. State (App. 2 Dist.
1992) 833 S.W.2d 734, rehearing denied. Assault And Battery 48
An assaultive offense, whether it be simple or aggravated, requires that the actor
cause bodily injury to another. Juneau v. State (App. 2 Dist. 2000) 49 S.W.3d 387,
petition for discretionary review refused, habeas corpus denied 2002 WL 31875602.
Assault And Battery 48; Assault And Battery 54
"Bodily injury" within meaning of statute criminalizing assault on public servant

by causing bodily injury encompasses even relatively minor physical contacts as
long as they constitute more than mere offensive touching. In re M.C.L. (App. 3
Dist. 2003) 110 S.W.3d 591. Assault And Battery 48
7. Physical contacts
Genuine issues of material fact regarding whether gas station manager caused
plaintiff to suffer an offensive physical touching, by suggesting to police
officer at scene that plaintiff should orally siphon from his car gasoline for
which he had been unable to pay and by eagerly supplying the implements requested
by police officer to facilitate siphoning, precluded summary judgment on assault
claim against manager under Texas law. Hutchison v. Brookshire Bros., Ltd.,
E.D.Tex.2003, 284 F.Supp.2d 459. Federal Civil Procedure 2515
Where defendant knocked the prosecutor down with a milk bucket, there was an
assault and battery. Marrow v. State (Cr.App. 1897) 37 Tex.Crim. 330, 39 S.W. 944.
A man's taking hold of a woman without her consent, and in such a way as to cause
in her a sense of shame, or a disagreeable emotion of the mind, is sufficient to
constitute an assault, and the slightest degree of force would constitute a
battery. Poldrack v. State (Cr.App. 1919) 86 Tex.Crim. 272, 216 S.W. 170. Assault
And Battery 48
Defendant's placing his hand on prosecutrix' thigh and later in her pants to
arouse her in accordance with their previous mutual agreement to engage in
intercourse would not constitute "offensive conduct" as defined by subd. (a)(3) of
this section so that defendant's testimony to that effect did not raise issue of
offensive conduct as a lesser included offense in prosecution for aggravated rape.
Conner v. State (App. 6 Dist. 1982) 636 S.W.2d 214. Rape 59(20.1)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support misdemeanor assault conviction; eye-

witness testified that she observed defendant push alleged victim over a table,
eye-witness testified that defendant reached over the table and pushed alleged
victim into a wall, other eye-witness testified that defendant shoved alleged
victim into a wall and that alleged victim hit the ground, and when asked if he
observed defendant being provoked into pushing alleged victim, other eye-witness
stated he did not. Modica v. State (App. 9 Dist. 2004) 151 S.W.3d 716, petition
for discretionary review refused, rehearing on petition for discretionary review
denied, certiorari denied 2006 WL 1002770. Assault And Battery 91.2
8. Alarming or threatening acts
The flourish of a knife in a threatening manner sometimes constitutes an assault.

Stockton v. State (1860) 25 Tex. 772.
Where accused had threatened to beat prosecutor to death the first time they met
again, and a few days thereafter he approached him on the highway, in an angry and
threatening manner, telling him, if he had a knife, to use it, and the prosecutor
was afraid to do so, and then ran his hand into his pocket, but suddenly stopped
when prosecutor pointed a pistol at him, an assault was established. Bristow v.
State (Cr.App. 1899) 40 Tex.Crim. 505, 51 S.W. 393. Assault And Battery 48
Where one approaches another in a threatening manner and uses threatening language
and gestures, it is an assault. Bristow v. State (Cr.App. 1899) 40 Tex.Crim. 505,
51 S.W. 393.
An owner of animals, who by threatened use of violence took them from one who had
taken them up for depredating on his crop, did not violate Rev.P.C.1895 art. 600
(now, this section). Franklin v. State (Cr.App. 1911) 61 Tex.Crim. 235, 134 S.W.
702.
Drawing back or lifting the arm to strike one who could have been hit is an
assault. Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Bowdoin (Civ.App. 1914) 168 S.W. 1.
A threat is essentially conditional in one way or another, and because this

section defines intentional threat of imminent bodily injury as "assault,"
conditional aspect does not prevent threat from constituting "assault." Tanksley
v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1983) 656 S.W.2d 194. Assault And Battery 48
Threats required for assault may be communicated by action or conduct as well as

words. Green v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1992) 831 S.W.2d 89, rehearing overruled.
9. Right of privacy
An "assault" is an offense against the peace and dignity of the state as well as
an invasion of private rights. Texas Bus Lines v. Anderson, 1950, 233 S.W.2d 961,
ref. n.r.e.. Assault And Battery 2
Conduct described in this section as constituting an assault is also an invasion

of private rights constituting a civil tort; however, definition of assault is the
same whether it is the subject of a criminal prosecution or a civil suit for
damages. Hogenson v. Williams (Civ.App. 1976) 542 S.W.2d 456. Assault And Battery
2
Assault is both an offense against peace and dignity of state as well as an

invasion of private rights; definition of assault, whether in civil or criminal
trial, is the same. Moore's, Inc. v. Garcia (Civ.App. 1980) 604 S.W.2d 261, ref.
n.r.e.. Assault And Battery 2; Assault And Battery 48
10. Verbal threats
Defendant who went to witness to secure his impounded stock, and who, in reply to
witness' threat to turn stock over to officers, stated that he would turn witness
over to undertaker, was not guilty of assault within Rev.P.C.1911 art. 1013 (now,
this section), where at time of making remark defendant was going away from
witness and distance was not shown, nor was it claimed that he made any
demonstration with gun in his possession. Clark v. State (Cr.App. 1925) 99
Tex.Crim. 73, 268 S.W. 731. Assault And Battery 48
In order to prove assault by verbal threats, State had to show that defendant
threatened police officer with imminent bodily injury. Hill v. State (App. 11
Dist. 1992) 844 S.W.2d 937. Assault And Battery 48
Showing of "imminent" bodily injury as required to prove assault by verbal threats

means a danger which must be instantly met and which is near at hand, in that it
is on the verge of happening. Hill v. State (App. 11 Dist. 1992) 844 S.W.2d 937.
The validity of officers' attempt to arrest defendant for the crime of interfering
with the performance of their public duties was not a defense to crime of assault
on a public servant in the lawful discharge of his official duties, even if
defendant's alleged interference involved speech only. Tucker v. State (App. 13
Dist. 2003) 114 S.W.3d 718, petition for discretionary review refused, rehearing
on petition for discretionary review denied. Assault And Battery 67
11. Means or methods
An assault may be committed by one or more persons at the same time by the same
act. State v. Bradley (1871) 34 Tex. 95.
The offense of assault with a motor vehicle must arise out of the collision of the
vehicle with a person, or a causing of injury to a person; and the assault may
consist of the vehicles striking a person's body or its striking a vehicle in
which a person is riding, or its striking a vehicle that is thereby caused to
strike the victim. Perez v. State (Cr.App. 1977) 545 S.W.2d 839. Automobiles 347
Assault under subd. (a)(2) of this section may be accomplished through use of
animate object, such as a dog. Garrett v. State (Cr.App. 1981) 619 S.W.2d 172.
Despite defendant's claim of self-defense, conviction for assault was supported by

legally sufficient evidence that defendant hit victim before victim ever attempted
to pull gun from back seat of car. Williams v. State (App. 1 Dist. 1995) 911
S.W.2d 191, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.2;
Assault And Battery 91.13(5)
12. Weapons
The use of a loaded gun which was incapable of being fired because of a broken
firing pin was a simple assault and not an aggravated assault with a deadly
weapon. Pearce v. State (Cr.App. 1897) 37 Tex.Crim. 643, 40 S.W. 806.
Defendant, who went to witness to secure his impounded stock with a gun, which he
carried with barrel pointed at ground, and who made no demonstration with it and
used no threatening language and who replied in affirmative whether he had brought
gun to secure his stock, without changing his position or raising gun or making
threat to use it, was not guilty of assault within Rev.P.C.1911, arts. 1008, 1013
(now, this section). Clark v. State (Cr.App. 1925) 99 Tex.Crim. 73, 268 S.W. 731.
Where the instrument used in an alleged assault is not a deadly weapon and no
serious injury is inflicted, the issue of simple assault arises. Brown v. State
(Cr.App. 1950) 155 Tex.Crim. 233, 233 S.W.2d 578. Assault And Battery 48
Automobile can be "deadly weapon". Butler v. State (App. 2 Dist. 1996) 928 S.W.2d
286, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review refused. Automobiles
347
Although a knife is not per se a "deadly weapon" for purposes of the aggravated
assault statute, a knife can be found to be a deadly weapon based on the nature of
its use or intended use. Garcia v. State (App. 1 Dist. 1999) 17 S.W.3d 1, petition
for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 56
Evidence in aggravated assault prosecution supported finding that defendant used

or exhibited "deadly weapon"; defendant stabbed correctional officer with spear-
like sharpened metal object, and officer testified weapon was capable of causing
death or serious bodily injury. Simmons v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2003) 106 S.W.3d
756. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support conviction for aggravated assault

with a deadly weapon, even though police did not find knife in vicinity of
altercation; alleged victim and two witnesses testified that defendant got out of
his car with a knife and used knife to stab alleged victim and that when police
arrived, defendant ran around the corner with knife in his hands and returned a
few moments later without knife. Trevino v. State (App. 2 Dist. 2004) 2004 WL
452259, Unreported, rehearing overruled. Assault And Battery 91.6(2)
Evidence was legally sufficient to support conviction for aggravated assault with
a deadly weapon; alleged victim and two witnesses testified that defendant got out
of his car with a knife and used knife to stab alleged victim. Trevino v. State
(App. 2 Dist. 2004) 2004 WL 452259, Unreported, rehearing overruled. Assault And
Battery 91.6(2)
13. Tests
Hospital worker's taking of blood specimen from motorist, who was not in condition
which might justify emergency action and had not given his consent, was an
assault, in violation of state law, requiring suppression of the results. Hailey
granted, reversed 87 S.W.3d 118, certiorari denied 123 S.Ct. 2218, 538 U.S. 1060,
155 L.Ed.2d 1111, rehearing denied 124 S.Ct. 373, 540 U.S. 941, 157 L.Ed.2d 261.
Assault And Battery 2; Automobiles 419
14. Included offenses--In general
The terms "simple assault" and "assault and battery" are used synonymously, and
the latter term does not include an aggravated assault. Foster v. State (1863) 27
Tex. 236.
Aggravated assault and battery necessarily includes simple assault and battery.
One cannot be heard to complain of conviction of the latter on proof sufficient to
establish the former. Foster v. State (App. 1888) 8 S.W. 664.
An "affray", an "assault and battery", and an "aggravated assault" were separate

and distinct offenses. McCraw v. State (Cr.App. 1914) 73 Tex.Crim. 45, 163 S.W.
967.
Evidence that defendant's mother and sister had not observed a gun in defendant's
apartment and that victim vacillated when describing handgun defendant allegedly
held to her head did not require jury instruction on lesser included offense of
aggravated assault in prosecution for aggravated assault with deadly weapon;
testimony of mother and sister did not negate defendant's use of handgun on day of
offence, and victim was unwavering in her observation of handgun in defendant's
hand that he pointed at her head. Moss v. State (App. 2 Dist. 1996) 919 S.W.2d
907, petition for discretionary review refused, rehearing on petition for
discretionary review denied. Assault And Battery 96(8)
Assault is not a lesser-included offense of either aggravated assault or indecency

with a child because (1) neither charged offense requires proof that the defendant
knew or reasonably believed that the complainant would regard the contact as
offensive or provocative at the time of the contact; (2) assault differs more from
the charged offenses than simply in injury or risk of injury; (3) assault differs
more from the charged offenses than solely by having a less culpable mental state;
and (4) assault does not consist of an attempt to commit either of the charged
offenses. Ramos v. State (App. 1 Dist. 1998) 981 S.W.2d 700, petition for
discretionary review refused. Indictment And Information 189(2); Indictment And
Information 191(.5)
Aggravated assault with which defendant was charged did not constitute a lesser-
included offense of manslaughter, and thus such aggravated assault could serve as
predicate offense for felony murder, where state alleged in indictment that
defendant committed the aggravated assault with an intentional and knowing mind
set. Lawson v. State (App. 7 Dist. 2000) 26 S.W.3d 920, petition for discretionary
review granted, petition for discretionary review refused, affirmed 64 S.W.3d 396.
Homicide 597; Indictment And Information 191(4)
Felony offense of deadly conduct was not lesser included offense of aggravated
assault by threat, but rather aggravated assault by threat was lesser included
offense of felony deadly conduct, even though aggravated assault required proof of
higher culpable mental state, and felony deadly conduct had lesser potential
sentence, in light of fact that aggravated assault required only proof that
defendant used or exhibited weapon, whereas felony deadly conduct required proof
that defendant discharged firearm at or in direction of complainant, which created
more serious risk of injury. Rogers v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2001) 38 S.W.3d 725,
petition for discretionary review refused, appeal after new sentencing hearing 87
S.W.3d 779. Indictment And Information 189(2)
Misdemeanor assault was not lesser included offense of aggravated assault of

public servant, where defendant used and exhibited deadly weapon during his
assault on detective. Schreyer v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2005) 2005 WL 1793193,
Unreported, petition for discretionary review refused. Indictment And Information
189(2)
15. ---- Resisting arrest, included offenses
Resisting arrest is a lesser included offense of assault on a public servant.

Lofton v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1999) 6 S.W.3d 796, petition for discretionary
review granted, reversed 45 S.W.3d 649. Indictment And Information 191(7)
Resisting arrest was not lesser included offense of charged offense of assault of
a public servant, as elements of the alleged lesser offense were not functionally
the same or less than those required to prove the charged offense, which required
bodily injury and included a reckless mental state, and alleged testimony of
defendant's witness regarding a chase and a subsequent encounter were not facts
required to establish the charged offense and, thus, was not evidence of any
alleged lesser included offense of the charged offense. Gilmore v. State (App. 9
Dist. 2001) 44 S.W.3d 92, petition for discretionary review refused. Indictment
And Information 191(.5)
Defendant was not entitled to lesser-included offense instruction, in his

prosecution for assault on a public servant, on theory of resisting arrest;
defendant used force to prevent officers from effecting his arrest, resulting in
injury to an officer. Oiler v. State (App. 13 Dist. 2002) 77 S.W.3d 849, petition
for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 795(2.30)
Resisting arrest is not a lesser included offense of assault on a public servant.

Jones v. State (App. 7 Dist. 2002) 83 S.W.3d 386, petition for discretionary
review refused. Indictment And Information 191(.5)
Regardless of whether defendant's arrest was lawful or unlawful under the search
and seizure provisions of federal and state constitutions, deputy constable was in
the lawful discharge of his duty when he attempted to arrest defendant in
defendant's home, and thus, defendant could be convicted of crime of assault on a
public servant for his actions in resisting that arrest. Tucker v. State (App. 13
Dist. 2003) 114 S.W.3d 718, petition for discretionary review refused, rehearing
on petition for discretionary review denied. Assault And Battery 48
15.5. ---- Indecency with a child, included offenses
Offense of misdemeanor assault by means of touching victim's back in a non-sexual

way was not a lesser-included offense of indecency with a child by means of sexual
contact; proof that defendant touched victim's back was not required to prove
indecency charge, rather the indecency charge required the State to prove that
defendant acted with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of some person,
not that he knew or should have reasonably believed that victim would have
regarded his touching as offensive or provocative, which was required for assault
offense. Silber v. State (App. 13 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 347167, Unreported, petition
for discretionary review filed. Indictment And Information 191(0.5)
16. ---- Reckless conduct, included offenses
Offense of assault was not lesser included offense to reckless conduct, and trial
court did not err, in prosecution for reckless conduct, in refusing to charge on
offense of assault. Gallegos v. State (Cr.App. 1977) 548 S.W.2d 50. Assault And
Battery 96(1)
Under this chapter, reckless conduct is lesser and included offense to assault.
Gallegos v. State (Cr.App. 1977) 548 S.W.2d 50. Indictment And Information 189(2)
Reckless conduct is a lesser included offense of assault if it is established by

proof of same or less than all facts required to establish commission of offense
charged; disapproving Gallegos v. State, 548 S.W.2d 50. Bell v. State (Cr.App.
1985) 693 S.W.2d 434. Indictment And Information 191(6)
16.5. ---- Sexual assault, included offense

Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon was not a lesser included offense of
aggravated sexual assault, but rather was a separate and distinct offense; the
state was not required to prove that the defendant caused bodily injury to the
complainant, threatened to cause bodily injury to the complainant, or caused
physical contact with the complainant, knowing the contact would be regarded as
offensive to prove aggravated sexual assault. Williamson v. State (App. 5 Dist.
2006) 2006 WL 894873, Unreported. Indictment And Information 189(2)
17. ---- Homicide, included offenses
If accused placed a child, to which his sister-in-law had just given birth, in an
exposed position near his house, without any intent to kill it, but to hide his
sister-in-law's shame and his own paternity of it until it could be carried away,
he would not be guilty of assault to murder, but of some lesser degree of assault,
if of anything. Martin v. State (Cr.App. 1909) 57 Tex.Crim. 264, 122 S.W. 558.
Homicide 730
In prosecution of passenger for murder of street car conductor, where there was
evidence that the conductor, while the car was in motion pushed passenger off from
platform, causing him to fall on his back, instruction that, if the conductor
ejected passenger, causing him bodily pain, "such as was reasonably calculated to
produce passion," the passenger could not be convicted of higher degree of
homicide than manslaughter, was erroneous, since such ejection from car
constituted an assault and battery, and was sufficient to reduce the crime to
manslaughter without specific proof of pain and without proof that it was
calculated to produce passion. Mickle v. State (Cr.App. 1921) 88 Tex.Crim. 405,
227 S.W. 491. Homicide 679
Defendant charged by information with criminally negligent homicide could not be

found guilty of simple assault on lesser included offense theory since simple
assault, because it requires more culpable mental state to establish its
commission than criminal negligence, cannot be lesser included offense of
criminally negligent homicide. Bayona v. State (Cr.App. 1976) 544 S.W.2d 155.
Indictment And Information 191(4)
Assault was a lesser-included offense of murder as charged in indictment in murder

prosecution; in proving defendant caused victim's death, state necessarily had to
prove defendant caused bodily injury to victim, and in making its case, state
relied heavily on defendant's videotaped statement in which defendant claimed she
wrestled with victim, hit him with her hands, and swung at him, which were
sufficient facts to show defendant assaulted victim. Hayward v. State (App. 14
Dist. 2003) 117 S.W.3d 5, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review
granted, reversed 158 S.W.3d 476, on remand 2006 WL 162582. Indictment And
Information 191(4)
18. Law enforcement personnel
Police officer did not commit assault against arrestee under Texas law by pointing
his pistol at arrestee in course of his official duties. Hinojosa v. City of
Terrell, Tex., C.A.5 (Tex.)1988, 834 F.2d 1223. Assault And Battery 2
In prosecution for aggravated assault on a police officer, court did not err in
overruling defendant's motion to be punished under this section proscribing
assault generally, rather than � 38.03 proscribing use of force against peace
officer. Johnson v. State (Cr.App. 1977) 548 S.W.2d 700. Assault And Battery 100
Uniformed police officer was public servant, for purposes of statute prohibiting
assault on public servant, even though he was responding to call outside his
jurisdiction, as officer had authority to arrest outside his jurisdiction
defendant who committed felony in officer's presence. Hoitt v. State (App. 6 Dist.
2000) 28 S.W.3d 162, petition for discretionary review granted, petition for
discretionary review dismissed with per curiam opinion 65 S.W.3d 59, rehearing on
petition for discretionary review denied. Assault And Battery 48
Police officers were "lawfully discharging" their official duties as peace

officers when they restrained defendant in attempt to prevent her from interfering
with other officers' interview with defendant's husband, as required to support
conviction for assault of public servant, in that separation was standard police
procedure when responding to 911 call related to domestic disturbance. Johnson v.
State (App. 3 Dist. 2005) 172 S.W.3d 6, rehearing overruled, petition for
discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(2)
19. Teachers and schools
Teacher walking on campus during school day was "in the performance of educational
duty" within meaning of statutory prohibition against assaulting teacher in the
performance of educational duty. Trujillo v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1991) 809 S.W.2d
593. Assault And Battery 48
Teacher's presence at school-related function away from campus receives full

protection of statutory prohibition against assaulting teacher in performance of
educational duty. Trujillo v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1991) 809 S.W.2d 593. Assault
And Battery 48
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that juvenile knew that person he
assaulted in classroom was an education assistant, thus supporting delinquency
adjudication for assault on a public servant, even though juvenile did not know
that assistant's employment gave her special legal standing under the penal code.
In re J.L. O. (App. 3 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 1804951, Unreported. Infants 176
20. Guardian and ward
Defendant, on going to a hospital, turned over his 6 year old child to one to be
taken care of until he was able to leave the hospital and care for the child, and
was arrested on a charge of vagrancy, and sued out a writ of habeas corpus, and
obtained an agreement whereby such person was to keep the child until the charge
was disposed of. The charge was dismissed on agreement that defendant would not
interfere with the child's custody until it was determined whether he was entitled
thereto. On the refusal of the one in possession to surrender the child and in
attempting to get possession of the child, he had no right to strike the person in
possession. Carrel v. State (Cr.App. 1915) 77 Tex.Crim. 344, 178 S.W. 331.
A guardian having for a long time had no care or custody of his ward, but having
emancipated her, as concerns care, custody, and control of her, cannot justify an
assault and battery on her, on the ground of the relationship and the right to
punish. Eitel v. State (Cr.App. 1916) 78 Tex.Crim. 552, 182 S.W. 318.
21. Defenses--In general
That defendant was restrained before he made battery is no defense. Goss v. State
(Cr.App. 1897) 40 S.W. 725.
Violence to the person may be lawful and does not always amount to an assault or
battery. Pitts v. State (Cr.App. 1946) 149 Tex.Crim. 608, 197 S.W.2d 1012. Assault
And Battery 48
Provocation bringing about an assault means that treatment by another which

arouses anger or passion, and self-defense does not enter in. Godwin v. Stanley
(Civ.App. 1959) 331 S.W.2d 341, ref. n.r.e.. Assault And Battery 12
In action to recover for alleged assault allegedly arising when school football
coach for seventh grade team struck student player's helmet and grabbed his face
mask, phrase "for the purpose of instruction and encouragement," although coming
close to expressing legitimate purposes of privileged force, was neither entirely
accurate nor complete and was conductive to misunderstanding. Hogenson v. Williams
(Civ.App. 1976) 542 S.W.2d 456. Assault And Battery 43(2)
There is no appearance of legislative purpose to exclude justification of

necessity in cases of assault. Williams v. State (Cr.App. 1982) 630 S.W.2d 640.
Criminal Law 38
Voluntary intoxication was not defense to commission of assault with bodily

injury. Schumacher v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1991) 814 S.W.2d 871. Criminal Law 53
No evidence existed, in prosecution for assault with bodily injury arising from
incident at defendant's ex-husband's apartment, to show that victim was a danger
to defendant's daughter and thus provide a basis for a "defense of others"
defense; victim and defendant's daughter had developed close relationship during
the time victim had been dating defendant's ex-husband, victim and defendant's
daughter were already asleep on night of assault, and defendant could point only
to her "intuition" as a mother to support a belief that daughter was in danger.
Wilhite v. State (App. 2 Dist. 2003) 2003 WL 21666691, Unreported. Assault And
Battery 91.13(6)
22. ---- Self-defense, defenses
For defendant, after there was no danger of violence from one who had been knocked
down and was being held, to kick at him was an assault. Marrow v. State (Cr.App.
1897) 37 Tex.Crim. 330, 39 S.W. 944. Assault And Battery 67
Fact that automobile passenger was detained by police officer in order that
officer might check on license of driver and verify whether traffic offense
warrants were outstanding against passenger furnished no defense to assault upon
officer, if officer had used no force and had not touched passenger or restrained
him by force. Randall v. State (Cr.App. 1969) 447 S.W.2d 912. Assault And Battery
63
To use firearms defensively when attacked is not an assault under Texas law.
Lester v. State (Cr.App. 1973) 498 S.W.2d 927. Assault And Battery 67
Even if department store security officer's attempted arrest of defendant was
result of unlawful search, that would not have warranted defendant's use of force
to prevent an unlawful arrest and, since no force was used against defendant by
security officer, who merely requested defendant to return the stolen merchandise,
defendant was not entitled to rely upon self-defense when charged with assault for
spraying mace in face of security officer. Lambert v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1981)
625 S.W.2d 31. Assault And Battery 67
Court of Appeals would not engage in factual review of evidence presented in

assault proceeding to determine whether defendant proved self-defense, where
defendant did not bear burden of proof on issue of self-defense. Williams v. State
(App. 1 Dist. 1995) 911 S.W.2d 191, petition for discretionary review refused.
Criminal Law 1134(3)
Evidence was sufficient to disprove self-defense beyond reasonable doubt and to

sustain conviction for assault despite testimony of defendant and his companions
that, while they were in their car leaving parking lot, complainant confronted
them with shovel and pulled knife on them, in light of testimony by complainant
that he did not pull pocket knife from his pocket until after he was attacked and
since, even if jury did believe the testimony of defendant and his companions, it
could have concluded that the four men could simply have driven away. Sterry v.
State (App. 5 Dist. 1997) 959 S.W.2d 249. Assault And Battery 91.13(5); Assault
And Battery 91.6(2)
Homosexual conduct was lesser included offense of charged sexual assault under
circumstances clearly indicating that both defendant and victim were males, that
nothing in record would contradict conclusion that they engaged in deviate sexual
intercourse, and that only issue for jury was whether intercourse was consensual.
Valdez v. State (App. 8 Dist. 1999) 993 S.W.2d 346, rehearing overruled, petition
for discretionary review refused. Indictment And Information 191(.5)
Evidence was insufficient to support claim that defendant was acting in self-
defense during altercation with victim, even though victim testified that
defendant put arm out and pushed her away defensively as she swung at him, and
sheriff's deputy testified that defendant told him substantially same story on
night of incident, where victim's friend testified that, on night after incident,
victim painted defendant as aggressor, and jury also heard victim's testimony
regarding nature of relationship, other violent incidents between them, and fact
that victim tried to leave defendant before and after incident, but continued to
stay with him because she loved him. Zuliani v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2001) 52
S.W.3d 825, petition for discretionary review granted, reversed 97 S.W.3d 589, on
remand 2003 WL 21023105. Assault And Battery 91.13(5)
If in the justifiable self-defense of himself, the accused unintentionally injured

a bystander, he would be guilty of no offense. Plummer v. State (1878) 4 Tex.Crim.
310; Clark v. State (1885) 19 Tex.Crim. 495; Powell v. State (1893) 32 Tex.Crim.
230, 22 S.W. 677.
Evidence was factually sufficient to support conviction for misdemeanor assault,

even though defendant claimed self-defense, and victim recanted her police
statement and testified that defendant's actions toward her involved only pushing
and that he only did so in self-defense; victim told police officers at scene that
defendant pinned her against wall with his arm on her neck, struck her with his
hand, bit her, and locked her in bathroom for about one hour, officers saw that
victim's lip was cut and found bite marks on victim's back and buttocks,
photographs of injuries were provided to jury, and defendant admitted to officers
that he struck victim with his fist. Bufkin v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 179
S.W.3d 166, petition for discretionary review granted. Assault And Battery
91.13(5)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support jury's implicit rejection of

defendant's theory of self-defense, in prosecution for aggravated assault; victim
was holding child, had no weapon, made no verbal threats, and made no physical
gestures toward defendant, based on evidence before it, jury could have concluded
that it was not reasonable for defendant to believe that use of force was
immediately necessary to defend himself from victim, and even if defendant could
have reasonably believed that victim was threatening him with deadly force, he was
unable to bring forth evidence he could not have retreated. Yarborough v. State
Evidence was legally sufficient to support jury's implicit rejection of

defendant's theory of self-defense, in prosecution for aggravated assault;
defendant presented no evidence victim threatened him with any amount of force,
and in defendant's videotaped statement at hospital, he explained twice that
victim had been "standing off to the side" when he leaned toward victim to let her
have child when child's mother stabbed him, and thus, evidence did not establish
defendant was reasonable in believing that use of force was necessary to protect
himself from victim. Yarborough v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2005) 178 S.W.3d 895,
petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.13(5)
Defendant did not adequately raise self-defense in domestic assault prosecution;

defendant did not reasonably believe it was immediately necessary to strike victim
repeatedly to protect himself from her. Daisy v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL
31528723, Unreported, habeas corpus denied 2004 WL 3167743. Assault And Battery
67
Any harm arising from jury instruction at assault trial that erroneously
instructed jury that defendant's right to act in self-defense had to be based on
bodily injury was not egregious, so as to warrant reversal of the conviction,
given uncontroverted evidence that the victim had struck defendant so that he had
a reasonable expectation of some bodily injury. Eck v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2004)
2004 WL 1171978, Unreported, petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal
Law 1038.1(4)
Evidence that defendant choked victim by the neck until she urinated on herself,
after she had initiated an argument and become physically violent, was legally
sufficient to support jury's rejection of defendant's self-defense theory on the
ground that the degree of forced used by defendant was more than immediately
necessary to protect himself. Eck v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2004) 2004 WL 1171978,
Unreported, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery
91.13(5)
23. ---- Accident or mistake, defenses
If, in a difficulty he brought on, accused, in an effort to strike an antagonist,

accidentally strikes and injures a third party, he is guilty of assault and
battery on the latter. Powell v. State (Cr.App. 1893) 32 Tex.Crim. 230, 22 S.W.
677.
To warrant a conviction for accidentally striking another when correcting a child,

evidence must show the correction immoderate. Turner v. State (Cr.App. 1896) 35
Tex.Crim. 369, 33 S.W. 972.
If one who begins an affray strikes a blow or does an act intended for his
original assailant, but which takes effect on another, he cannot claim
justification for such accidental blow, but would be guilty of an offense thereby.
Savage v. State (Cr.App. 1925) 100 Tex.Crim. 361, 272 S.W. 193.
Defendant who intentionally shot at a third person, allegedly in self-defense, but

hit plaintiff, would not be excused from liability for assault and battery on
ground that defendant did not intentionally fire his pistol at plaintiff. Morrow
v. Flores (Civ.App. 1949) 225 S.W.2d 621, ref. n.r.e.. Assault And Battery 3
24. Identity of defendant
Evidence proved defendant's identity as perpetrator of assault on correctional

officer who had earlier observed infraction by inmate with name matching
defendant's; although officer could not identify assailant because she closed eyes
and covered face during assault, she saw same inmate involved in infraction as she
entered restroom where assault occurred, a second officer testified the
perpetrator was pictured in photograph showing an inmate lying stomach down on
floor, and a third officer testified the person in photograph was defendant and
was the person removed from scene of assault. Clark v. State (App. 9 Dist. 2001)
47 S.W.3d 211. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence was sufficient to identify defendant as perpetrator of aggravated robbery

and aggravated assault, even though defendant argued that eyewitnesses did not
describe his facial appearance; one victim described defendant as smaller man
wearing white T-shirt and jeans and identified him as same man who had pointed gun
at her based on his clothing, fit of clothing, and his height and build,
eyewitness identified defendant based on his clothing and testified that his T-
shirt was torn and that he had facial cuts, officer identified defendant based on
his clothing, height, and build, defendant fled from scene, and other officer
identified defendant based on his clothing and build. Sosa v. State (App. 1 Dist.
2005) 177 S.W.3d 227. Criminal Law 566; Robbery 24.40
Whether jury's affirmative finding of family violence, by a preponderance of the

evidence, in prosecution for misdemeanor assault would sustain an increased
penalty in a future prosecution of defendant was not ripe for appellate review.
Word v. State (Cr.App. 2006) 2006 WL 1639115. Criminal Law 1134(3)
25. Witnesses
Defense counsel's eliciting testimony that complainant might have been aggressor
in stormy relationship opened the door to evidence of defendant's prior
misdemeanor convictions for assault of complainant, even if those convictions did
not involve moral turpitude within meaning of rule governing impeachment evidence.
Hardeman v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1993) 868 S.W.2d 404, petition for discretionary
review granted, petition for discretionary review dismissed 891 S.W.2d 960.
Criminal Law 396(1)
Misdemeanor assault committed by man against woman is crime of moral turpitude and
is admissible for impeachment purposes. Hardeman v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1993) 868
S.W.2d 404, petition for discretionary review granted, petition for discretionary
review dismissed 891 S.W.2d 960. Witnesses 345(2)
26. Double jeopardy
Introduction of defendant's prior conviction for assault, allegedly against a

family member, at his trial for assault of a household member did not subject
defendant to multiple prosecutions or punishments for his previous offense and
thus did not violate double jeopardy prohibitions. State v. Cagle (App. 14 Dist.
2002) 77 S.W.3d 344, petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 27
Offense of deadly conduct based on discharge of a firearm at, or in direction of,

one or more individuals was lesser included offense of aggravated assault for
purposes of double jeopardy claim because elements required to prove deadly
conduct were same as elements required for aggravated assault; both offenses
required showing that defendant acted knowingly and evidence that defendant shot
gun in direction of group of persons and hit one person causing him bodily injury
proved both aggravated assault and deadly conduct. Honeycutt v. State (App. 4
Dist. 2002) 82 S.W.3d 545, petition for discretionary review refused. Double
Jeopardy 162
Prosecution for assault on a police officer after defendant pleaded nolo

contendere to resisting arrest did not violate prohibition against double
jeopardy, where each offense required proof of a fact that the other did not.
Ortega v. State (Cr.App. 2005) 171 S.W.3d 895. Double Jeopardy 141
Trial court's sentence on assault conviction, which imposed an additional 20 days'

confinement and restitution of victim's medical expenses as condition of community
service on probated 180 day term of confinement assessed by jury, was not second
punishment for same offense, as would violate double jeopardy clause; sentence was
authorized by provisions of criminal procedure code governing community service
and restitution. Burris v. State (App. 2 Dist. 2005) 172 S.W.3d 75. Double
Jeopardy 31
27. Indictment
Where indictment charged intentional or knowing assault by threat, not reckless

assault by bodily injury, manner and means specificity was not required in
indictment. Hare v. State (App. 8 Dist. 1986) 713 S.W.2d 396, petition for
Allegation that defendant threatened to release snakes into residence of another

was sufficient to state the offense of making a terroristic threat, even though
the information did not allege that the snakes were poisonous, since threat was
calculated to raise reasonable apprehension of bodily harm on the part of person
threatened by threatening an assault. (Per Cornelius, C.J., with one Justice
concurring in the result.) Redfearn v. State (App. 6 Dist. 1987) 738 S.W.2d 28,
petition for discretionary review refused. Extortion And Threats 30
In prosecution for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon on a public servant,

State's error in reading original indictment, rather than amended indictment,
which contained a different description of weapon used by defendant, did not make
the evidence insufficient under Gollihar state law standard for measuring
sufficiency of the evidence; variance between indictment read to jury and proof
offered at trial was immaterial in that there was no indication that defendant was
surprised by State's evidence regarding weapon State alleged he used, and variance
would not subject defendant to another prosecution for same offense since weapon
used was admitted into evidence and described in great detail by victim. Simmons
v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2003) 106 S.W.3d 756. Indictment And Information 171
Defendant suffered no actual harm as a result of erroneous omission in the

application paragraph on misdemeanor assault in trial for aggravated assault with
a deadly weapon on a public servant; jury found defendant guilty of aggravated
assault with a deadly weapon on a public servant, as charged in the indictment,
and thus, jury would never have considered defendant's guilt of misdemeanor
assault. Simmons v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2003) 106 S.W.3d 756. Criminal Law
1173.2(1)
Burglary with intent to commit assault was a lesser included offense of burglary
with intent to commit aggravated assault, and thus there was no fatal variance
between the indictment and the proof at trial; the offenses had the same elements
except for burglary with intent to commit assault a defendant intended to cause
bodily injury while a defendant who committed burglary with intent to commit
aggravated assault intended to cause serious bodily injury. Koshel v. State (App.
5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31247179, Unreported, petition for discretionary review
refused, denial of habeas corpus affirmed 2005 WL 2038207. Indictment And
Information 191(2)
28. Presumptions and burden of proof
An intent to commit a criminal assault can be presumed from the fact of actual
injury to prosecutrix. Miller v. State (Cr.App. 1912) 67 Tex.Crim. 654, 150 S.W.
The State no longer must prove the ability to commit a battery for an accused to
be convicted of assault. Miller v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1987) 741 S.W.2d 501,
petition for discretionary review refused.
In prosecution for assault on public servant, state was required to show that
police officer was lawfully attempting to arrest defendant when assault occurred,
even though such a requirement was not element of charged offense, as state
alleged in indictment that officer was attempting to arrest defendant, allegation
described essential element of offense, and proving allegation would not
unnecessarily increase state's burden of proof. Hoitt v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2000)
28 S.W.3d 162, petition for discretionary review granted, petition for
discretionary review dismissed with per curiam opinion 65 S.W.3d 59, rehearing on
petition for discretionary review denied. Criminal Law 80
29. Admissibility of evidence
Evidence that defendant previously assaulted victim, and judgment in that case,
were admissible in assault prosecution to contradict defendant's claim that his
motive for striking victim was love and compassion rather than malice, and there
was no showing that evidence should be excluded as prejudicial. Moreno v. State
(App. 4 Dist. 1997) 961 S.W.2d 512, rehearing overruled, petition for
discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 371(12)
Extraneous misconduct evidence that defendant assaulted his girlfriend with razor-
edged box-cutter five hours before he assaulted complainant was admissible in
aggravated assault prosecution; such evidence was relevant to issue of motive, as
evidence showed that defendant yelled at girlfriend and attempted to strike her
after she danced with complainant once and that defendant's assault on girlfriend
occurred after she danced with complainant again, and such evidence was also
necessary to jury's understanding of stabbing because defendant's assault of
girlfriend showed events that led up to his stabbing of complainant. Garcia v.
State (App. 1 Dist. 1999) 17 S.W.3d 1, petition for discretionary review refused.
Criminal Law 369.2(4); Criminal Law 371(12)
Evidence of first inmate's sexual misconduct was irrelevant in prosecution of

second inmate for assault of public servant, where evidence did not have tendency
to make existence of fact of consequence more or less probable than it would
otherwise have been. Williams v. State (App. 10 Dist. 2000) 27 S.W.3d 599,
petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 338(4)
Even if evidence of first inmate's sexual misconduct was relevant in prosecution

of second inmate for assault of public servant, probative value of evidence was
outweighed by prejudicial effect, where evidence of first inmate's masturbation
had no inherent probative value and was in no way similar to evidence regarding
second inmate's assault on servant and jury's attention was diverted from offense
on trial. Williams v. State (App. 10 Dist. 2000) 27 S.W.3d 599, petition for
discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 338(7)
Erroneous admission in prosecution of inmate for assault of public servant of

evidence of another inmate's sexual misconduct affected inmate's substantial
rights and mandated reversal, where state emphasized erroneously admitted evidence
and asked for consideration of such evidence when assessing inmate's punishment.
Williams v. State (App. 10 Dist. 2000) 27 S.W.3d 599, petition for discretionary
review refused. Criminal Law 1169.1(7)
Notation on prior assault judgment that family violence was "not applicable or not
available" was not an admission that there was no family relationship between
defendant and victim, but rather was simply a sign that family violence was not an
issue in the prior case and was not litigated or determined, and thus notation did
not collaterally estop state from introducing evidence of the prior conviction at
defendant's trial for assault on a household member and litigating issue of
whether that victim was a family member, which if proven would elevate current
charge to a felony. State v. Cagle (App. 14 Dist. 2002) 77 S.W.3d 344, petition
for discretionary review refused. Judgment 751
Trial court's erroneous exclusion of evidence that a State's witness, represented

as being a disinterested witness, was on deferred adjudication was not harmless
error in prosecution for assault on a public servant, even though testimony of
witness was somewhat cumulative, and other corroborating evidence existed; State
presented only three witnesses to prove defendant's conduct, unlimited cross-
examination would have revealed to jury that witness had a potential motive or
interest to testify for the State, and it was the role of jury to determine
whether testimony was influenced by inherent coercion or intimidation. Jones v.
State (App. 7 Dist. 2002) 83 S.W.3d 386, petition for discretionary review
refused. Criminal Law 1170.5(1)
Notation on defendant's prior assault judgment that family violence was "not
applicable" indicated that family violence was not an issue in the case, and thus
the State was not collaterally estopped from introducing evidence that defendant's
prior assault conviction was based on the assault of a family member, which would
elevate defendant's current conviction for assault on a household member to a
felony. Collesano v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 2026055, Unreported,
petition for discretionary review refused. Judgment 751
Inmate failed to show that evidence of correctional officer's prior reprimand for
filing non-work related workers' compensation claim was relevant as to officer's
bias or prejudice in inmate's prosecution for assault of public servant, where
incident for which workers' compensation claim was denied occurred five years
before alleged assault on officer and workers' compensation claim was denied not
because accident did not occur but because it occurred during officer's break
period. Johnson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31318668, Unreported.
Witnesses 344(4)
Victim's out-of-court statements to police officer were offered to prove that

victim was assaulted by defendant, and thus were inadmissible hearsay, in domestic
assault prosecution. Daisy v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31528723,
Unreported, habeas corpus denied 2004 WL 3167743. Criminal Law 419(1.5)
Victim's out-of-court hearsay statements to police officer were admissible as

excited utterances, in domestic assault prosecution, where officer testified that
when he arrived in response to victim's 911 call, she was very scared and seemed
frightened by the events that had just taken place, and officer further testified
that victim told him that she did not want to return to the apartment as long as
defendant was there. Daisy v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31528723,
Unreported, habeas corpus denied 2004 WL 3167743. Criminal Law 366(6)
30. Sufficiency of evidence--Mens Rea
Substantial proof only of the means used in an assault is sufficient to support

the charge. Chisom v. State (Cr.App. 1915) 77 Tex.Crim. 397, 179 S.W. 103. Assault
And Battery 91.2
Evidence that defendant grabbed the alleged injured female with one hand, and put
his other hand on her body at or near her privates, accompanying such acts with an
insulting proposal to her, if believed by the jury, would justify a verdict of
guilty of assault and battery. Poldrack v. State (Cr.App. 1919) 86 Tex.Crim. 272,
216 S.W. 170. Assault And Battery 91.9
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that defendant knew or reasonably

should have known that his contact with child was offensive or provocative;
complainant testified that alleged contact made her uncomfortable, and defendant
himself stated he was at "point of panic," concerned that it might appear that he
was doing something wrong. McCullough v. State (App. 14 Dist. 1986) 710 S.W.2d
142, petition for discretionary review refused. Sentencing And Punishment 2021
There was sufficient evidence to support conviction of defendant for assault with
motor vehicle, based on evidence that defendant drove vehicle which rammed into
rear of automobile, seriously and permanently incapacitating its driver, at high
rate of speed despite knowledge that its brakes were defective. Beaubrum v. State
Automobiles 355(14)
Uncontroverted testimony of assault victim that defendant took running leap off a
porch onto victim's back, forcing her to the ground and causing injuries to her
legs, could support conviction for assault with bodily injury, even though victim
also characterized action as reckless; testimony that defendant took running leap,
as opposed to stumbling, supported finding of conscious intent. Schumacher v.
State (App. 3 Dist. 1991) 814 S.W.2d 871. Assault And Battery 91.2
Evidence was sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant

intentionally or knowingly threatened victim with imminent bodily injury using
motor vehicle and later a knife; defendant suddenly accelerated in automobile
toward victim in open parking lot forcing victim to run inside store and, although
no specific threats were made with regard to knife incident, defendant returned to
scene of earlier assault in disguise, continued to approach victim even though he
was told to stop, and at same time defendant drew knife which he had concealed
behind him. Green v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1992) 831 S.W.2d 89, rehearing
overruled. Automobiles 355(14); Automobiles 355(14); Assault And Battery
91.6(2)
Assault conviction could be sustained if evidence existed in record that

defendant's actions were voluntary where charging instrument alleged that
defendant intentionally and knowingly caused bodily injury to victim. York v.
State (App. 2 Dist. 1992) 833 S.W.2d 734, rehearing denied. Assault And Battery
91.7
Evidence was sufficient to establish that defendant intentionally or knowingly

threatened police officers with a deadly weapon while they were in the line of
duty and, thus, sustained conviction for aggravated assault of police officers;
defendant pointed gun at officers who were pursuing him in attempt to make arrest.
Cantu v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1997) 953 S.W.2d 772, rehearing overruled, petition
for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence supported finding that defendant swung her hand at police officer either
with intention of injuring him or with knowledge that injury was reasonably
certain to occur, and thus factually sustained conviction for assault on a public
servant, notwithstanding testimony of defendant and her husband that defendant's
conduct was accidental. Brooks v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1998) 967 S.W.2d 946.
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that defendant acted recklessly when
she kicked and pushed police officers who were trying to prevent her from
interfering with other officers' interview of defendant's husband in course of
investigating domestic disturbance, as required to support conviction for assault
of public servant; in course of attempts to restrain defendant, she flailed her
arms and kicked police officers. Johnson v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2005) 172 S.W.3d
6, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And
Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence was sufficient to support the trial court's finding that the enhancement
paragraph against defendant, which alleged that defendant had a previous
conviction for assault on a household member, was true, in prosecution for assault
on a household member; stipulation from officer who arrested defendant for
previous assault established that officer was familiar with defendant and his
former wife, that they were married at the time defendant committed his previous
assault, and defendant showed no evidence of surprise or prejudice. Collesano v.
State (App. 1 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 2026055, Unreported, petition for discretionary
review refused. Sentencing And Punishment 1381(3)
Evidence that defendant punched and kicked victim repeatedly after victim told
defendant to leave her ex-husband's apartment was legally sufficient, in
prosecution for assault with bodily injury, to show that defendant intentionally
attacked victim. Wilhite v. State (App. 2 Dist. 2003) 2003 WL 21666691,
Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.7
31. ---- Bodily injury, sufficiency of evidence
Under Texas law, gas station owner and police officer's alleged insistence that
customer siphon ten gallons of gasoline out of his vehicle by mouth resulted in
bodily injury sufficient to support claim for assault and battery against officer,
where activity allegedly caused customer's eyes to water constantly, and made his
mouth, tongue, throat, and stomach burn. Hutchison v. Brookshire Bros., Ltd.,
E.D.Tex.2002, 205 F.Supp.2d 629. Assault And Battery 2
There was sufficient evidence supporting defendant's conviction for assault

causing bodily injury; victim testified that defendant convinced her to come to
his apartment where he accused her of stealing money and drugs and having
relationship with one of his friends and pushed her and then hit her in face with
his fist, fracturing her jaw, despite defendant's testimony that victim was high
and suicidal and that he did not hit her but merely threw her on bed to stop her
from jumping out window. McGarity v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1999) 5 S.W.3d 223.
Assault And Battery 91.2
Police officers' testimony that defendant kicked them, causing them pain, was
sufficient to find that defendant inflicted "bodily harm" on officers, and was
sufficient to support assault convictions. Letson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 1990)
805 S.W.2d 801. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Finding that assault defendant's conduct intentionally, knowingly or recklessly

caused bodily injury was not error; defendant did not point out evidence which
suggested that his actions were accidental or involuntary and, based upon victim's
testimony, trial court could have properly inferred that defendant intentionally
and knowingly caused bodily injury. York v. State (App. 2 Dist. 1992) 833 S.W.2d
734, rehearing denied. Assault And Battery 91.7
Victim suffered identifiable impairment of her physical condition when defendant's

actions restricted victim's breathing causing her to believe that she was about to
pass out and, therefore, evidence was sufficient to support finding beyond a
reasonable doubt in assault prosecution that defendant caused bodily injury to
victim; defendant choked victim for period of one to ten seconds, cutting off her
breath and causing her to believe that she was about to pass out and victim
testified that she was "scared to death" by the assault. York v. State (App. 2
Dist. 1992) 833 S.W.2d 734, rehearing denied. Assault And Battery 91.7
State need not prove ability to commit battery for defendant to be convicted of
assault. De Leon v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1993) 865 S.W.2d 139. Assault And Battery
50
Bodily injury element of defendant's conviction for assault was supported by

police officer's testimony that defendant was very belligerent and uncooperative
as police officers attempted to give him traffic ticket for parking his vehicle in
fire lane, that defendant pushed officer in chest when officer attempted to have
defendant sign traffic ticket. Wawrykow v. State (App. 9 Dist. 1993) 866 S.W.2d
87, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Finding that "bodily injury" element of assault charge had been proven was
supported by police officer's testimony that defendant jumped on officer's back
and hit officer in head with her fists as officers attempted to place defendant's
father under arrest, even though there was no direct evidence that defendant's
blows caused officer physical pain or impairment. Wawrykow v. State (App. 9 Dist.
1993) 866 S.W.2d 96. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Defendant's repeated verbal threats to kill police officer and defendant's violent
conduct consisting of kicking, biting and attempting to take officer's holstered
gun satisfied threat of imminent bodily injury requirement for assault conviction.
Lister v. State (App. 12 Dist. 1994) 894 S.W.2d 771, petition for discretionary
review refused. Assault And Battery 48
There was sufficient evidence that defendant caused bodily injury to peace officer
by striking him with his hand and fist and pushing him to support conviction for
aggravated assault of peace officer, where it was unrefuted that peace officer
suffered contusions on his head and face, large bruises on leg and physical pain
as result of struggle with defendant, and officer testified that he arrived at
defendant's premises in full police uniform to settle domestic dispute, and that
defendant initiated struggle when officer tried to arrest him. Hernandez v. State
(App. 2 Dist. 1995) 903 S.W.2d 109, rehearing overruled, petition for
discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence that behavioral orientation instructor grabbed juvenile in attempt to

prevent continuation of a fight between the juvenile and another and that the
juvenile kneed the counselor in the face in an effort to get away so that he could
continue the fight was sufficient to show an assault. Matter of M.M.R. (App. 8
Dist. 1996) 932 S.W.2d 112. Infants 176
Evidence was legally sufficient to support assault conviction, even though

complainant testified she could not remember any events leading to defendant's
arrest, where officer stated that when he responded to call of domestic
disturbance, he found complainant crying and in pain, and that complainant's hair
was messed up in back, complainant made accusatory statement wherein she said
defendant hit her in head with fist, officer also testified to defendant's
inculpatory statement in response to complainant's accusation, and complainant
testified that she remembered arguing with defendant, who was her husband, calling
police, and crying while she spoke to officer. Salley v. State (App. 14 Dist.
2000) 25 S.W.3d 878. Assault And Battery 91.2
There was factually sufficient evidence that defendant caused physical injury to
officer during scuffle, after defendant attempted to flee, to support conviction
for assaulting a public servant; evidence included officer's written report that
his fingers were injured when defendant rushed at him and testimony that officer
was unable to use fingers for three to four days. Bryant v. State (App. 10 Dist.
2001) 47 S.W.3d 80, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery
91.10(1)
Sufficient evidence supported assault conviction, where evidence indicated that

victim testified that after she had refused to perform sexual favor for defendant,
she felt sharp, painful blow to back, victim indicated that she did not see object
that defendant used to hit her, but assumed that it was side of fist, contusion
resulting from attack was in size and shape of hand, and defendant testified that
he pushed complainant with palm of hand. Rose v. State (App. 13 Dist. 2002) 76
S.W.3d 573. Assault And Battery 91.2
Evidence that defendant pushed victim down, hit her several times with his closed
fist, and stomped on her back was sufficient to support conviction of misdemeanor
causing bodily injury to another, where variance between information and proof at
trial resulting from inclusion in information of surplus language identifying
victim as family member of defendant, was not material. Wilson v. State (App. 12
Dist. 2003) 113 S.W.3d 785. Assault And Battery 91.7
Evidence was sufficient to support conviction for aggravated assault; paramedic

testified that victim stated she had been hit by defendant, victim had a contusion
on her head and paramedic testified that a fist hitting a person's head could be
capable of causing serious bodily injury, and victim told officer that defendant
had struck her several times with a closed fist to back of her head and kicked her
in the stomach and back. Lane v. State (App. 11 Dist. 2003) 111 S.W.3d 203,
petition for discretionary review granted, affirmed 151 S.W.3d 188. Assault And
Battery 91.7
Deputy constable's testimony supported conclusion that shackled and handcuffed

juvenile kicked probation officer, even though the officer did not testify to that
fact and the constable allegedly was behind car door, but the evidence failed to
establish bodily injury and, therefore, failed to support adjudication for assault
on public servant; the officer testified that he did not suffer any injuries
during the struggle. In re M.C.L. (App. 3 Dist. 2003) 110 S.W.3d 591. Infants 176
Evidence was insufficient to show that juvenile intentionally placed victim in

reasonable apprehension of imminent bodily injury when she approached him with
baseball bat, as required to support conviction for aggravated assault; victim
testified juvenile never got closer than within 15 feet of him, and thus, juvenile
was never close enough to hit him, and he never felt threatened with imminent
injury because of where juvenile was standing. In re S.B. (App. 2 Dist. 2003) 117
S.W.3d 443. Infants 176
Evidence was sufficient to support conclusion that defendant's hands, in manner of

their use or intended use, were capable of causing victim serious bodily injury,
as necessary to sustain conviction for aggravated assault; victim testified that
defendant choked her several times during criminal episode, and that she started
to black out, could not breathe, and thought that defendant was going to kill her,
and peace officer testified that use of hands around person's neck to choke that
person constituted use of deadly weapon. Vela v. State (App. 13 Dist. 2004) 159
S.W.3d 172, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review granted.
Evidence was legally sufficient to support defendant's conviction for felony

assault on a family member, his long-term girlfriend; officer observed girlfriend
at the scene with a "bloody lip," with blood on her shirt, and with mud and grass
on her clothing, girlfriend informed officer that defendant had pushed her down,
grabbed her by the face holding her mouth shut, and dragged her through the mud,
girlfriend testified that defendant had been previously convicted of assaulting
her, defendant stipulated to the prior assault, and girlfriend testified that she
and defendant had two children together. Carter v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2004) 150
S.W.3d 230. Assault And Battery 91.8
Legally sufficient evidence supported defendant's conviction for aggravated

assault; victim testified defendant stabbed her four times with a knife, and
officer testified that he examined the knife and that it was capable of causing
serious bodily injury or death. Yarborough v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2005) 178 S.W.3d
895, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.6(2)
Evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support finding that defendant
caused bodily injury to victim, as required to support assault-family violence
conviction; photographs showed victim with two scrapes down her chest, right above
her breasts, such photographs were taken by officer the same morning that the
scrapes occurred as victim resisted defendant's efforts to force her into his
vehicle by grabbing her arm, and victim told the jury she received the two scrapes
when she tried to pull away from defendant. Gomez v. State (App. 12 Dist. 2005)
183 S.W.3d 86. Assault And Battery 91.8
Evidence was factually sufficient to support conviction for aggravated assault;

tenant who resided in apartment directly below defendant and victim testified that
he heard a struggle that lasted five to eight minutes, he repeatedly heard victim
beg her assailant to stop, and he heard an angry male voice, emergency room doctor
who treated victim testified that her injuries were consistent with being struck
or hit multiple times in the head, and the victim's neurosurgeon, who performed
emergency brain surgery on victim, testified that victim had severe brain swelling
which was consistent with a severe impact to the brain. Denman v. State (App. 1
Dist. 2006) 193 S.W.3d 129, petition for discretionary review filed. Assault And
Battery 92(1)
Evidence was sufficient to support defendant's conviction for domestic assault

despite contention that assault was justified by self-defense; police officer
testified to, and the photographic evidence confirmed, victim's injuries, officer
testified that victim told him that defendant had caused the injuries by striking
her, and officer further testified that he saw defendant after interviewing victim
and that he could not remember seeing any markings on defendant that might
evidence injuries caused by victim. Daisy v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL
31528723, Unreported, habeas corpus denied 2004 WL 3167743. Assault And Battery
91.8
Purported evidence that defendant's ex-husband viewed pornography on Internet was

not relevant, in prosecution for assault with bodily injury arising from attack on
ex-husband's girlfriend at his apartment, to show as basis for a "defense of
others" defense that defendant had reasonable fear that girlfriend was dangerous
to defendant's daughter, who was also at apartment on night of charged incident,
where defendant's sole claim as to relevancy was that ex-husband met girlfriend on
Internet and also viewed pornography on Internet. Wilhite v. State (App. 2 Dist.
2003) 2003 WL 21666691, Unreported. Assault And Battery 83(4)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support conviction for assault with bodily
injury, where defendant admitted that she struck victim with fist after victim
told her she needed to leave her ex-husband's apartment, and ex-husband testified
that after he dragged defendant from apartment, defendant was yelling, "How can
you be with her? What happened to us? I thought we were happy." Wilhite v. State
(App. 2 Dist. 2003) 2003 WL 21666691, Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.7
Police officer's testimony that defendant had choked victim by the neck until she
urinated on herself, pictures showing bruising around victim's neck as well as a
scratch behind her ear and a bruise on her chest, and evidence that defendant had
fresh scratches on the inside of his wrists was legally sufficient to support
assault conviction. Eck v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2004) 2004 WL 1171978, Unreported,
petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 91.2
Evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support conviction for assault
against a public servant; record indicated that defendant cursed officer and
repeatedly hit him about the face and head after officer gave defendant traffic
ticket and that officer suffered minor cuts and bruises in the struggle to subdue
defendant, and officer testified that the blows were painful. Owens v. State (App.
12 Dist. 2004) 2004 WL 1416286, Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support finding that defendant caused

domestic violence victim physical pain, thus supporting conviction for felony
assault with family violence; even though victim refused at trial to acknowledge
the veracity of her abuse allegations, victim had told 911 operator that she was
slapped, victim had told officer that defendant grabbed her by the hair and
slapped her three or four times, and victim's written statement stated that the
slap "hurt at the time." Fonseca v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2005) 2005 WL 3440730,
Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.8
Evidence was legally sufficient to support convictions for aggravated assault;

numerous witnesses testified that defendant drove an 18-wheeler that collided with
car containing victims, that defendant was speeding and was weaving in and out of
lanes of traffic, and that he was driving too closely or nearby another 18-wheeler
that was also speeding and weaving lane to lane. Johnson v. State (App. 5 Dist.
2006) 2006 WL 349496, Unreported. Automobiles 355(14)
31.5. ---- Deadly weapon, sufficiency of evidence
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that firearm defendant used and
exhibited while threatening victim was a deadly weapon by design or per se, as
required to support aggravated assault conviction; victim identified the weapon as
a black revolver, defendant admitted she hid a gun in the closet, search of closet
revealed a .22 revolver, while defendant claimed that gun she used to threaten
victim was a BB gun, victim testified that the revolver defendant used to threaten
him did not appear to be a BB gun, and the .22 revolver was consistent with
victim's description of the firearm. Tidwell v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2006) 187
S.W.3d 771, petition stricken. Assault And Battery 91.6(3)
32. ---- Law enforcement, sufficiency of evidence
Evidence, that accused at point of pistol held complaining witness awaiting the
arrival of officers, was insufficient to support a charge of assault by striking
with the pistol. Arbetter v. State (Cr.App. 1916) 79 Tex.Crim. 487, 186 S.W. 769.
Evidence that as plaintiff started toward car after going to apartment building to
see friend who was not at home, employee of patrol company stopped him and asked
for identification, frisked and handcuffed plaintiff's hands behind his back, took
plaintiff before woman for possible identification, pulled pistol out and told
plaintiff to get in car and shut up, shoved plaintiff onto floor of back seat of
the employee's automobile and locked him inside the automobile for 15 or 20
minutes until police arrived, and that plaintiff suffered from loss of sleep so
severe that he felt it caused him to lose his job sustained jury finding that the
employee committed assault and battery on plaintiff and falsely imprisoned
plaintiff causing compensative damage. Levine v. Enlow (Civ.App. 1970) 462 S.W.2d
50. Assault And Battery 35; False Imprisonment 31
In action in which customer sought to recover against retail store for false
imprisonment and assault after store security agent arrested customer for
destruction of private property, breach of the peace and interfering with lawful
arrest, evidence that security guard grabbed customer by the arm while arresting
him was sufficient to support finding that an assault was committed. Moore's, Inc.
v. Garcia (Civ.App. 1980) 604 S.W.2d 261, ref. n.r.e.. Assault And Battery 35
Evidence was sufficient to sustain trial court's revocation of defendant's

probation on ground that he had committed both assault and evading arrest in that,
after defendant was stopped for traffic violation and police officer had informed
defendant that he was under arrest, defendant turned and ran, and after being
pursued, climbed wall and repeatedly kicked police officer in face and chest. Grim
v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1983) 656 S.W.2d 542. Sentencing And Punishment 2021
Evidence was sufficient to support conviction of defendant for assaulting his

spouse where police officer testified that he was dispatched to a family
disturbance and shortly thereafter found defendant and his wife in the driveway
arguing, where officer described wife's emotional state as very upset and noticed
a cut above her eye and bruises on her leg and arm, where officer testified to
wife's excited utterance at the scene that husband had hit her, and where there
was physical evidence circumstantially linking defendant to assault of his wife.
Tejeda v. State (App. 4 Dist. 1995) 905 S.W.2d 313, petition for discretionary
review refused. Assault And Battery 91.8
Evidence in prosecution for assault on public servant was sufficient to show that
police officer, who was outside his jurisdiction, was lawfully discharging an
official duty by attempting to arrest defendant when defendant assaulted him, as
officer, who was in uniform, was recognizable as public servant, and officer had
probable cause to arrest defendant. Hoitt v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2000) 28 S.W.3d
162, petition for discretionary review granted, petition for discretionary review
dismissed with per curiam opinion 65 S.W.3d 59, rehearing on petition for
discretionary review denied. Assault And Battery 91.10(2)
Legally sufficient evidence supported defendant's conviction as a repeat felony

offender for assaulting a public servant; arresting officer testified to each of
the elements of offense of assault of a public servant, since defendant struck
uniformed officer while officer was in the process of detaining him in response to
public-disturbance complaint, defendant's assault bruised officer and chipped his
tooth, convenience store clerk corroborated officer's testimony, and defendant
stipulated in open court, in the presence of counsel, to the prior felony
conviction, also for assault on a public servant. Gearhart v. State (App. 13 Dist.
2003) 122 S.W.3d 459, petition stricken, petition for discretionary review
refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(1); Sentencing And Punishment 1381(2)
There was sufficient evidence that person defendant injured was a police officer,
so as to support conviction for assault on a public servant; evidence showed that
victim and his partner were on duty, working patrol, and wearing uniforms when
they were dispatched to a reported disturbance. Evans v. State (App. 14 Dist.
2002) 2002 WL 1822436, Unreported, petition for discretionary review refused.
Evidence was legally and factually sufficient to support conviction for assault on
a public servant; police officer testified that while struggling to arrest
defendant, he suffered scrapes on his hands and arms as a result of being struck
by defendant. Goodacre v. State (App. 12 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 1902229, Unreported.
Evidence was factually sufficient to support defendant's conviction for assault on

a public servant; police officers were in uniform when they transported defendant
from motel to jail, and officers testified that defendant intentionally head-
butted and kicked one of the officers during transport. Adekanbi v. State (App. 5
Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31688962, Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
32.5. ---- Relationship to defendant, sufficiency of evidence
Evidence that assault victim identified defendant as her common law husband and
that defendant had prior family-assault conviction for assaulting same victim was
factually sufficient to support conviction for assaulting family member, despite
physician's statement based on notes that he "believed" that victim had referred
to defendant as her "boyfriend." Hudson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 2005 WL
2149295, withdrawn and superseded 179 S.W.3d 731. Assault And Battery 92(2)
32.7. ---- Relationship to victim, sufficiency of evidence

Evidence that victim told police officers that defendant was her common-law
husband was factually sufficient to establish that defendant was member of
victim's family, so as to support conviction for assault of family member, even
though victim was intoxicated at time she spoke with police, and physician
testified that he "believed" victim referred to defendant as her "boyfriend."
Hudson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 179 S.W.3d 731. Assault And Battery 91.8
Victim's statements to police officers, telling them that defendant was

responsible for the harm and that defendant was her common-law husband,
constituted legally sufficient evidence that victim and defendant were family
members and supported conviction for assault of family member. Hudson v. State
(App. 14 Dist. 2005) 179 S.W.3d 731. Assault And Battery 91.8
33. ---- Threatening conduct, sufficiency of evidence
A verdict of guilty of simple assault is amply supported by evidence of an attempt

to commit a battery with an open knife which was prevented only by the
interference of bystanders. Yawn v. State (Cr.App. 1897) 37 Tex.Crim. 205, 39 S.W.
In a prosecution for assault, evidence that defendants ordered prosecuting witness

to desist in working upon a public road, one having in his possession a large rock
and the other a stick, and threatening him with injury if he failed, showed an
offense. Haverbekken v. State (Cr.App. 1919) 86 Tex.Crim. 260, 216 S.W. 397.
Assault And Battery 91.2
In probation revocation hearing, evidence was sufficient to show that defendant

committed assault on one or more complaining witnesses by threatening to have his
dog attack them. Garrett v. State (Cr.App. 1981) 619 S.W.2d 172. Sentencing And
Punishment 2021
In proceeding to revoke probation based on allegation of assault, evidence was

sufficient to sustain finding that defendant threatened victim with imminent body
injury by actively trying to force his way into victim's car while exposing blade
of knife, and that defendant tried to open the car door while "brandishing a knife
in his hand," and thus evidence was sufficient to sustain finding of defendant's
commission of an assault. Hillburn v. State (App. 7 Dist. 1982) 627 S.W.2d 546.
Evidence that defendant pointed gun at police officer was sufficient to sustain
conviction of using deadly weapon to assault officer; proof of verbal threats was
unnecessary. Preston v. State (App. 5 Dist. 1984) 675 S.W.2d 598, petition for
discretionary review refused, certiorari denied 106 S.Ct. 389, 474 U.S. 982, 88
L.Ed.2d 341. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Act of pointing loaded gun at officer in pursuit is, by itself, threatening

conduct which supports conviction for aggravated assault of police officer, and
proof of verbal threats is unnecessary. Cantu v. State (App. 13 Dist. 1997) 953
S.W.2d 772, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review refused.
Evidence was legally sufficient to support finding that defendant pointed a gun at
police officer, in prosecution for aggravated assault with a deadly weapon upon a
police officer; police officer testified that he saw defendant turn towards his
partner with a gun in his hands, and that defendant was pointing the gun at police
officer's partner. (Per Walker, C.J., with one justice concurring). Edwards v.
refused. Assault And Battery 91.10(1)
Evidence did not support finding that hospital committed an assault by drawing
defendant's blood following defendant's motorcycle accident without obtaining his
consent, and thus statutory exclusionary rule did not require results of blood
test to be suppressed for purposes of driving while intoxicated (DWI) prosecution;
defendant made no attempt to argue or explain how the hospital knew or should have
reasonably believed that he would have regarded the physical contact involved in
the drawing of blood as offensive or provocative, as no evidence existed that
defendant indicated to any hospital personnel that he did not want his blood
drawn. Mayfield v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2003) 124 S.W.3d 377, rehearing overruled,
petition for discretionary review refused. Automobiles 411
Evidence was sufficient to show that defendant threatened victim with imminent
bodily injury, as required for conviction for aggravated assault, even though
victim did not testify; two eyewitnesses testified that defendant held gun in his
hands and demanded money while walking in and out of bedroom where victim was
located. Sosa v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2005) 177 S.W.3d 227. Assault And Battery
91.6(3)
Evidence was sufficient to establish that victim understood defendant's statement

to be imminent threat of harm so as to support burglary conviction; defendant left
messages on victim's cell phone stating that he was going to beat her, he beat on
her door, came into her apartment after he 'busted open' the door, snatched phone
from her as she was attempting to call police, stated he was going to get knife,
punched her, pushed her on couch, and choked her, and officer testified that when
he arrived, he observed defendant with victim in choke hold and after defendant
was arrested, victim was crying hysterically. Harris v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005)
164 S.W.3d 775, petition for discretionary review refused. Burglary 41(1)
Evidence was sufficient to show that defendant threatened security monitor at

facility where defendant was committed as sexually violent predator with imminent
bodily injury, as required to establish offense of assault, in violation of
defendant's commitment requirements; defendant told security monitor that he would
"kick [security monitor's] butt," and when defendant told security monitor to come
into day room from porch because of "some unfinished business" and security
monitor refused, defendant punched wall in room. Adams v. State (App. 3 Dist.
2005) 2005 WL 2978174. Mental Health 465(1)
Evidence was factually sufficient to support aggravated assault conviction;

evidence indicated that defendant threatened to shoot victim unless he left her
property, victim was lawfully and properly on defendant's property when threat was
made, defendant had in her possession a black revolver when she made threat, and
even though defendant did not point the gun toward victim, victim testified that
the threat placed him in fear of bodily harm and that he backed away for his own
safety. Tidwell v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2006) 187 S.W.3d 771, petition stricken.
Evidence was legally sufficient to support finding that defendant's threat to

victim, which was that she would shoot him unless he left her property, caused a
reasonable apprehension by victim of imminent bodily injury, as required to
support aggravated assault conviction; defendant had in her possession a black
revolver when she made threat, victim was lawfully and properly on victim's
property when threat was made, and even though defendant did not point the gun
toward victim, victim testified that the threat placed him in fear of bodily harm
and that he backed away for his own safety. Tidwell v. State (App. 6 Dist. 2006)
187 S.W.3d 771, petition stricken. Assault And Battery 91.6(3)
Evidence was legally sufficient to support defendant's conviction for aggravated

assault; defendant was driving a car and became angry and agitated with victim,
who was riding his bike and blocking her way, defendant followed behind victim for
some period of time at an unsafe distance, making victim uncomfortable, and after
victim came to a stop, defendant began screaming at him, accelerated her car, hit
his rear tire, and knocked victim to the ground, and when victim fell, defendant's
car pushed him and the bicycle along the street for a few feet, leaving a gouge in
the concrete. Dolkart v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 2062896. Automobiles
355(14)
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that juvenile's violent attempts to

resist restraint after making threatening movements and verbal threats were
reckless, thus supporting delinquency adjudication for assault on a public
servant; juvenile swore at his teachers and threatened to hurt them, juvenile
bucked his torso violently and wrenched himself from teachers' grip when they
tried to restrain him, and juvenile's actions caused injury to teacher's thumb and
knee. In re J.L. O. (App. 3 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 1804951, Unreported. Infants 153
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that education assistant was a public
servant discharging a public duty when she attempted to assist teacher in
restraining juvenile who made threatening motions after being asked to obey
classroom rules, thus supporting delinquency adjudication for assault on a public
servant; assistant was employed by school district, and assistant responded to
juvenile's unruly and potentially threatening behavior by attempting to restrain
him until he calmed down. In re J.L. O. (App. 3 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 1804951,
Unreported. Infants 153
Evidence was sufficient to support finding that defendant intentionally or

knowingly threatened police officers with imminent bodily harm, as would support
aggravated assault conviction; after squad car chased defendant who was driving a
stolen vehicle, defendant backed into the car at a high rate of speed, knowing
that officers were within. Davis v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2003) 2003 WL 367904,
Unreported. Automobiles 355(14)
Evidence was sufficient to support defendant's conviction for aggravated assault

with a deadly weapon; despite defendant's claim of self-defense, that victim "came
at" him with the knife and was accidentally cut when he managed to get the knife
away from her, victim testified that defendant pushed his way into her apartment,
tied up her hands and feet and cut "across her throat," and treating physician
testified that victim suffered a "life-threatening" injury, and that the knife as
used was a deadly weapon. Jefferson v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 40780,
Unreported. Assault And Battery 91.13(5)
Evidence that defendant said he had something for the victims and that they didn't
know what they were getting themselves into and then pointed a gun at them was
sufficient to support conviction for aggravated assault. Wegner v. State (App. 1
Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 727707, Unreported. Assault And Battery 92(3)
33.5. ---- Public servant, sufficiency of evidence
Evidence including testimony of victim's co-workers at psychiatric unit of

Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division (TDCJ) was factually
sufficient to support finding that victim was a public servant, as required to
support conviction for assault on a public servant; there was no contradictory
evidence in the record. Buster v. State (App. 12 Dist. 2004) 144 S.W.3d 71,
rehearing overruled. Assault And Battery 91.10(2)
Evidence was legally sufficient to support finding that victim was a public
servant, as required to support conviction for assault on a public servant; record
showed that victim was a mental health liaison who was employed by university
medical center with the official duty of interviewing inmates at her assignment in
psychiatric unit of Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division (TDCJ),
witness testified that witness worked at same unit and that she and victim worked
in same office, another witness testified that he found victim in the unit, and
defendant admitted going to the "psych" unit to request a transfer. Buster v.
State (App. 12 Dist. 2004) 144 S.W.3d 71, rehearing overruled. Assault And Battery
91.10(2)
Evidence was sufficient to establish that defendant knew that individual was peace
officer as required to support conviction for aggravated assault on a public
servant; deputies were wearing their uniforms and badges when they knocked on
defendant's door, identified themselves as law enforcement officers, and entered
house when the door was opened, and prior to aggravated assault, deputies also
explained to defendant that they were there to arrest him on warrant. Dunklin v.
State (App. 12 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 1119304. Assault And Battery 92(2)
34. Instructions--In general
One was not entitled to a charge on simple assault, in that he only used his hands
and feet, where he helped one who was using a knife. Cukierski v. State (Cr.App.
1913) 68 Tex.Crim. 367, 153 S.W. 313. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Court's charge on assault should only submit whether defendant was guilty of
assault in manner and by means set forth in indictment or information. Martin v.
State (Cr.App. 1930) 115 Tex.Crim. 618, 28 S.W.2d 140. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Since defendant testified that he deliberately struck injured party with beer
bottle, he was not entitled to a charge on this section relating to the causing of
physical contact when one knows or reasonably should believe that the other will
regard contact as offensive and provocative. Eanes v. State (Cr.App. 1977) 546
S.W.2d 312. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Evidence did not warrant instruction on misdemeanor assault by intentionally

causing physical contact with another knowing other person will find it offensive
or provocative, as lesser included offense of sexual assault; defense that sex was
consensual precluded jury finding defendant not guilty of sexual assault, but
guilty of assault. Pitre v. State (App. 11 Dist. 2001) 44 S.W.3d 616, petition for
discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 795(2.80)
Jury instruction containing statement that a mental health liaison was a public
servant did not deprive defendant of the right to a finding beyond reasonable
doubt on all elements of offense of assault on a public servant; statement was a
correct statement of law under facts of case, and State was still required to
prove that victim was a mental health liaison. Buster v. State (App. 12 Dist.
2004) 144 S.W.3d 71, rehearing overruled. Assault And Battery 48; Assault And
Battery 96(1)
Issue of propriety of trial court's denial of defendant's requested jury

instruction on consent as a defense to charge of misdemeanor assault with respect
to biting allegation was not moot on appeal, even though defendant was charged
with two methods of committing the assault, that being biting and hitting, and
State was only required to prove one method to obtain a conviction. Bufkin v.
granted. Criminal Law 1134(3)
Erroneous instruction in aggravated assault prosecution that failed to require

juror unanimity on whether defendant was guilty based on finding that defendant
had committed aggravated bodily injury assault or aggravated assault by threat, as
such constituted two different statutory offenses rather than two methods of
committing single offense of aggravated assault, did not deny defendant a fair and
impartial trial; while trial began and ended with prosecutor telling jurors that
they did not have to agree as to whether defendant was guilty of aggravated bodily
injury assault or aggravated assault by threat, to find defendant guilty of
aggravated assault under either theory of the offense a juror had to find
defendant guilty under both theories. Marinos v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2006) 186
S.W.3d 167, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review filed. Criminal
Law 798(0.7)
35. ---- Lesser included offense, instructions
Defendant's testimony that he neither assaulted police officer nor resisted arrest
did not warrant instruction on the lesser-included offense of resisting arrest, in
prosecution for assault on a public servant. Lofton v. State (Cr.App. 2001) 45
S.W.3d 649. Criminal Law 795(2.30)
Defendant was not entitled to instruction on the lesser-included offense of

resisting arrest, in prosecution for assault on a public servant, even if
defendant had intended only to prevent his arrest, where the force used by
defendant to prevent his arrest recklessly, if not intentionally, caused police
officer to suffer bodily injury. Lofton v. State (Cr.App. 2001) 45 S.W.3d 649.
Criminal Law 795(2.30)
Defendant, in murder prosecution, was not entitled to jury instruction on lesser-

included offense of aggravated assault; evidence showed defendant intentionally
caused serious bodily injury and committed an act clearly dangerous to human life
that caused victim's death. Salazar v. State (App. 4 Dist. 2002) 87 S.W.3d 680.
Assault And Battery 96(1)
Trial court's failure to include jury instruction on assault as lesser-included

offense in murder prosecution was reversible error; record revealed that jury
deliberated for more than a day and had difficult time reaching a unanimous
verdict, and thus, defendant was harmed since divided jury was not allowed to
consider lesser-included offense of assault in connection with charge of murder.
Hayward v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2003) 117 S.W.3d 5, rehearing overruled, petition
for discretionary review granted, reversed 158 S.W.3d 476, on remand 2006 WL
162582. Criminal Law 1173.2(4)
Defendant was entitled to jury instruction on assault as lesser-included offense

in murder prosecution, where evidence was presented that would allow jury to
rationally find that, if defendant was guilty, she was guilty of only assault;
defendant's contention that three people, in addition to victim, were present was
arguably corroborated by neighbor's testimony that after she heard two people exit
apartment, she heard loud noise as if someone was in apartment searching for
something, and absence of marks on defendant's body arguably supported defendant's
position that she did not stab victim. Hayward v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2003) 117
S.W.3d 5, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review granted, reversed
158 S.W.3d 476, on remand 2006 WL 162582. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Defendant was not entitled to instruction on assault as a lesser-included offense

of murder; defendant claimed that she had wrestled with victim and had hit him
with her fists, and hitting with fists could be a lesser-included offense of
murder, but not as the murder had been charged, given that, whether defendant had
assaulted victim with her fists was not an issue that was included in indictment,
i.e., under indictment at issue, state could not have secured a valid conviction
for assault that defendant alleged she committed. Hayward v. State (Cr.App. 2005)
158 S.W.3d 476, on remand 2006 WL 162582. Criminal Law 795(2.50)
Error in trial court's failure to give jury instruction on reckless driving as

lesser-included offense of aggravated assault on a public servant was harmless;
jury was instructed on aggravated assault and lesser-included offense of deadly
conduct, which required recklessness, jury was thus confronted with whether
defendant engaged in intentional or knowing conduct versus reckless conduct, and
because jury found defendant guilty of aggravated assault, and thus that he
engaged in intentional or knowing conduct, jury never reached lesser offense of
deadly conduct and would not have reached lesser offense of reckless driving.
Brown v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2005) 183 S.W.3d 728, rehearing overruled, petition
for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 1173.2(4)
At least a scintilla of evidence suggested that defendant committed reckless

driving, as required for defendant to be entitled to jury instruction on reckless
driving as lesser-included offense of aggravated assault on a public servant;
defendant drove toward police officer in parking lot, second officer fired shot
that struck windshield of defendant's vehicle, second and third officers testified
that defendant's driving was at least reckless, and third officer testified that,
after gunshot struck vehicle, defendant leaned to right and sped off and did not
testify that gunshot caused vehicle to swerve in any direction, suggesting that
defendant drove straight toward exit of parking lot. Brown v. State (App. 1 Dist.
2005) 183 S.W.3d 728, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review
refused. Criminal Law 795(2.1)
Defendant was not entitled to jury instruction on Class A misdemeanor assault as

lesser-included offense of attempted sexual assault; defendant offered no evidence
to refute clear showing that he intended to commit sexual assault, in that he
approached victim in deserted parking lot, rubbed himself against her,
masturbated, ignored her entreaty to back off, unzipped her dress, grabbed her
breast, and, after she pushed him away, returned to shove his tongue into her
mouth, and although defendant eventually struck victim and caused her bodily
injury, he did so only after she resisted his efforts to sexually assault her.
Alexander v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 14269, Unreported, petition
stricken, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Evidence supported either that defendant acted intentionally in threatening the

victims in prosecution for aggravated assault or that defendant did not commit an
offense at all, thus instruction on lesser-included offense of deadly conduct was
not warranted; victims testified that defendant pointed a shotgun at them and
threatened them and defendant testified he did not point the gun at them or say
anything to them. Wegner v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 727707, Unreported.
Assault And Battery 96(1)
35.5. ---- Consent, instructions
Error in trial court's refusal to give jury instruction on consent as a defense to

charge of misdemeanor assault with respect to biting allegation was not harmless,
where jury was allowed to find defendant guilty based on hitting victim or biting
her, and appellate court could not tell whether jury convicted defendant based on
the biting or the hitting allegations. Bufkin v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 179
S.W.3d 166, petition for discretionary review granted. Criminal Law 1172.1(4)
Defendant was entitled to jury instruction on consent as a defense to charge of

misdemeanor assault with respect to biting allegation; alleged victim testified
that bite marks were result of consensual sexual activity that occurred night
before alleged assault, and jury was allowed to find defendant guilty based on
hitting victim or biting her, so it was possible that jury found defendant guilty
based solely on biting. Bufkin v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 179 S.W.3d 166,
petition for discretionary review granted. Assault And Battery 96(1)
35.7. ---- Separate offenses, instructions
Defendant, who did not object to charge, suffered egregious harm as result of
erroneous jury charge in which the state told the jury that it did not have to
agree whether defendant committed assault by threat or bodily injury assault; the
evidence was contested, and some jurors could have believed defendant and
determined that she did not intend to threaten or injure victim, but concluded
that her conduct in driving so close to victim was reckless and resulted in his
injury. Dolkart v. State (App. 5 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 2062896. Criminal Law
1038.1(3.1)
36. ---- Mens rea, instructions
Rule that trial court's refusal to limit definitions of culpable mental states to
aspect relating to result of conduct had little or no application to prosecution
for assault with bodily injury; jury charge would not have misled anyone into
believing that defendant could be convicted if he intentionally or knowingly
engaged in conduct without intending result. Schumacher v. State (App. 3 Dist.
1991) 814 S.W.2d 871. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Jury charge incorporating "nature of conduct" language into definitions of

"intentionally" and "knowingly" was harmless error, even though charged offense,
assault with bodily injury, was "result" offense rather than "nature of conduct"
offense, where erroneous definition was limited by application paragraph of charge
so that jury could not have convicted accused without finding he intended result
or knew what result would be, evidence provided strong inference that accused did
intend to cause bodily injury, and both prosecutor and defense counsel stated in
their summations that defendant must intend the result to be found guilty. Fuller
refused. Criminal Law 1172.1(3)
In harmless error analysis, the Court of Appeals reviews the record for actual,
not just theoretical, harm to the accused. Mendenhall v. State (App. 10 Dist.
granted, affirmed 77 S.W.3d 815. Criminal Law 1165(1)
Jury charge in assault against public servant, which incorporated second type of
assault against a public servant, was improper, where indictment only charged
defendant with one type of assault against public servant. Sherman v. State (App.
6 Dist. 2000) 20 S.W.3d 96. Criminal Law 814(20)
37. ---- Bodily injury, instructions
Where the evidence showed beyond doubt that serious bodily injury was inflicted,
the court properly refused to charge on simple assault. Solis v. State (Cr.App.
1915) 76 Tex.Crim. 230, 174 S.W. 343.
Where defendant testified that the shooting was done with no intent to kill but
only to scare the injured party and another person he believed to be in the house,
and that before and after the shooting he had ample opportunity to kill the
injured party had he so desired and the evidence failed to show that the discharge
of the gun by the defendant inflicted any serious bodily injury on the injured
party, the jury should have been instructed on the issue of simple assault as it
was raised by the evidence. Brown v. State (Cr.App. 1950) 155 Tex.Crim. 233, 233
Where evidence showed that employee struck supervisor in face with iron bar when
informed that he had been fired, charge on simple assault was not required. Watson
v. State (Cr.App. 1965) 386 S.W.2d 803. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Defendant who was shown to have been with a group of boys driving around in
attempt to find the person stabbing defendant's friend and who shot into crowd,
fatally wounding a person, after driver backed vehicle to where the crowd stood,
was not entitled to simple assault instruction. Smith v. State (Cr.App. 1967) 418
In proceeding in which defendant was convicted of murder, refusal to give charge

on assault was proper, in light of fact that victim had died from the injuries
inflicted on him. DeRusse v. State (Cr.App. 1979) 579 S.W.2d 224. Assault And
Battery 96(1)
Application paragraph of jury charge in trial for assault with bodily injury
correctly stated requisite mental state, where it required that jury find beyond
reasonable doubt that defendant intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly caused
bodily injury to victim by pushing her, and thus fact that definitions in charge
permitted conviction of defendant for simply intentionally or knowingly pushing
victim was not harmful. Zuliani v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2001) 52 S.W.3d 825,
petition for discretionary review granted, reversed 97 S.W.3d 589, on remand 2003
WL 21023105. Assault And Battery 96(1); Criminal Law 1172.1(3)
38. ---- Aggravated and simple assault, instructions
In prosecution for aggravated assault, evidence that as prosecuting witness was

returning to her home defendant stepped out of some grass and weeds and grabbed
her by the arm, and that prosecuting witness struck defendant with her umbrella,
started screaming and ran away from him required submission to jury of issue of
simple assault. Hennington v. State (Cr.App. 1941) 141 Tex.Crim. 449, 149 S.W.2d
587. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Court is not required to give charge on simple assault unless there is some doubt
that greater offense of aggravated assault has been committed. Watson v. State
(Cr.App. 1965) 386 S.W.2d 803. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Defendant who was convicted of aggravated assault was not entitled to charge on
simple assault where physician testified that weapon was capable of causing death
and could be a deadly weapon through the manner of its use, where he further
testified that stab wound was six inches long, penetrated through cartilage of rib
cage, and required approximately 30 stitches to close, and where defendant offered
no evidence that knife was not used in such manner as to render it a deadly
weapon. McElroy v. State (Cr.App. 1975) 528 S.W.2d 831. Assault And Battery 96(1)
In proceeding in which defendant was convicted of injury of a child, refusal to

charge on lesser included offense of assault was proper, in light of fact that it
was established that the child was two and one-half years old at time of the
offense and that an assault was aggravated if committed on a child less than 14
years old. Skelton v. State (App. 6 Dist. 1981) 626 S.W.2d 589. Assault And
Battery 96(7)
In prosecution for aggravated assault, trial court did not err in submitting to
jury issue of lesser included offense of simple assault which omitted culpable
mental state of recklessness from charge where particular theory of reckless
assault was not raised by evidence consisting of defendant's testimony that
slapping victim was only playful gesture. Sanford v. State (Cr.App. 1982) 634
There was no proof of either simple assault or reckless conduct, as required for
instruction thereon, as lesser included offense of aggravated assault on a police
officer, where State made proof that peace officer was stabbed with a knife by
defendant and defendant denied any assault whatsoever on the officer and denied
having a knife. Redmon v. State (App. 9 Dist. 1988) 748 S.W.2d 531. Criminal Law
814(20)
Juvenile court did not err in refusing to instruct jury on simple assault as
lesser included offense of aggravated robbery where there was no evidence in
record that, if juvenile was guilty of injuring robbery victim, he was guilty of
inflicting only bodily injury and not serious bodily injury; victim died of
subdural hemorrhage in brain after juvenile and his companions "jumped" him and
kicked him in the head. Matter of S.D.W. (App. 1 Dist. 1991) 811 S.W.2d 739.
Infants 203
Evidence in aggravated assault prosecution would not support jury instruction on

lesser-included offense of assault, despite claim that box-cutter with which
defendant cut complainant was not deadly weapon per se; defendant's girlfriend
testified that defendant threw her to ground, held razor-edged box-cutter to her
throat and threatened to cut it, she and another witness testified that
complainant bled profusely after he was stabbed, doctor who treated complainant
testified that laceration on left side of his chest was clean cut wound caused by
sharp object, that stabbing wound was close to spleen and base of lung, and that
stabbing wound could have created substantial risk of serious bodily injury, and
there was no evidence that injury was merely bodily injury instead of serious
bodily injury. Garcia v. State (App. 1 Dist. 1999) 17 S.W.3d 1, petition for
discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Error in charging jury on assault on family member without providing statutory

definitions of consanguinity and affinity did not result in egregious harm that
could result in reversal even though defendant did not object to charge; jury
heard evidence that defendant was victim's common-law husband, and it was commonly
understood that one's spouse was a member of one's family. Hudson v. State (App.
14 Dist. 2005) 179 S.W.3d 731. Criminal Law 1038.1(6)
Elements of reckless driving were included in facts required to establish

aggravated assault on a public servant as charged in indictment, as required for
defendant to be entitled to jury instruction on reckless driving as lesser-
included offense; the state attempted to establish that defendant used his vehicle
as deadly weapon in manner that he drove it, thus meeting "driving" element of
reckless driving, and defendant would have acted with deliberate and conscious
indifference to victim's safety by intentionally and knowingly threatening him
with imminent bodily injury, thus meeting "reckless" element of reckless driving.
Brown v. State (App. 1 Dist. 2005) 183 S.W.3d 728, rehearing overruled, petition
for discretionary review refused. Indictment And Information 191(.5)
Charge instructing jury to find defendant guilty of aggravated assault if

defendant unlawfully, intentionally or knowingly threatened victim or if defendant
intentionally, knowingly or recklessly caused bodily injury to victim was
erroneous because assault by threat and assault by injury were different statutory
offenses and charge allowed the jury to convict defendant without requiring the
jury to unanimously agree on whether defendant committed aggravated bodily injury
assault or aggravated assault by threat. Const. art. Dolkart v. State (App. 5
Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 2062896. Criminal Law 798(0.6)
38.5. ---- Relationship of parties, instructions
Error in charging jury on assault on family member without providing statutory

definitions of consanguinity and affinity did not result in egregious harm that
could result in reversal even though defendant did not object to charge, since
jury heard evidence that defendant was victim's common law husband and that
defendant had prior family-member assault conviction involving same victim;
reasonable juror could have concluded that victim was defendant's family member.
Hudson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005) 2005 WL 2149295, withdrawn and superseded 179
S.W.3d 731. Criminal Law 1038.1(6)
Jury charge on assault of a family member should have contained the statutory
definitions for consanguinity and affinity. Hudson v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2005)
2005 WL 2149295, withdrawn and superseded 179 S.W.3d 731. Criminal Law 772(2)
39. ---- Misdemeanor assault, instructions
Defendant was entitled to instruction on misdemeanor assault, as lesser-included

offense to aggravated assault, though victim fell, hit his head on floor, and died
after defendant hit him in head with beer bottle, where defense expert testified
that victim did not suffer serious bodily injury when struck with beer bottle and
that beer bottle was not capable of causing significant or lethal head injury in
manner it was used, and defendant testified that he did not intend to kill victim
or cause him serious injury but only wanted him to get away. Ferrel v. State (App.
14 Dist. 2000) 16 S.W.3d 861, petition for discretionary review granted, reversed
55 S.W.3d 586, on remand 2002 WL 480594. Assault And Battery 96(1)
Defendant's actions caused serious injury, and thus jury instruction on lesser-
included offense of misdemeanor assault was not warranted on aggravated assault
charge arising from bar altercation in which defendant hit victim in mouth with
full beer bottle and victim fell straight back, hit his head on floor, and died at
scene; defendant's expert conceded that victim suffered serious bodily injury
simply from impact by bottle, and evidence reflected that victim would not have
died but for blow from beer bottle causing him to fall back and hit his head.
Ferrel v. State (Cr.App. 2001) 55 S.W.3d 586, on remand 2002 WL 480594. Assault
And Battery 96(1)
40. ---- Resisting arrest, instructions
Evidence could rationally be interpreted to support either mental state necessary

for assault on public servant or mental state necessary for resisting arrest, and
thus defendant was entitled in assault trial to have jury charged on lesser
offense of resisting arrest, where officer testified that he pinned defendant up
against door jamb and was trying to grab him when defendant pushed himself away,
that defendant struck officer in face, and that, as officer was going back, he
tried to regrab defendant and defendant struck officer again and knocked his
glasses off. Lofton v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1999) 6 S.W.3d 796, petition for
discretionary review granted, reversed 45 S.W.3d 649. Criminal Law 795(2.30)
Failure of district court, in prosecution for assault on public servant, to submit

defendant's requested written jury charge on lesser offense of resisting arrest
constituted reversible error, where evidence was sufficient to raise issue of
resisting arrest notwithstanding evidence which supported proof of greater offense
of assault. Lofton v. State (App. 3 Dist. 1999) 6 S.W.3d 796, petition for
discretionary review granted, reversed 45 S.W.3d 649. Criminal Law 1173.2(4)
41. ---- Robbery, instructions
In prosecution for robbery, where the testimony of the injured party showed a
robbery by assault and the defendant by his testimony denied having committed any
assault upon the injured party, the issue of simple assault was not raised, and
there was no error in the court's refusal to charge the jury on simple assault.
Curtis v. State (Cr.App. 1959) 167 Tex.Crim. 536, 321 S.W.2d 587. Assault And
Battery 96(1)
While simple assault is a lesser included offense within a charge of robbery,

there must be some evidence raising the issue before a charge thereon is required.
Curtis v. State (Cr.App. 1959) 167 Tex.Crim. 536, 321 S.W.2d 587. Assault And
Battery 96(1)
42. ---- Self-defense, instructions
See, also, Notes of Decisions under � 9.31.
In homicide prosecution, refusal to instruct, in connection with self-defense,

that relative size and strength of deceased and defendant were to be considered,
was not error, where instructions given accorded defendant the right to defend
himself against any unlawful attack, regardless of its character. Johnson v. State
(Cr.App. 1940) 140 Tex.Crim. 145, 143 S.W.2d 771. Criminal Law 829(5)
In prosecution for assault and battery, instruction on self-defense was not

objectionable as making defendant's right to defend himself against violence
dependent upon jury's standpoint rather than defendant's standpoint as to degree
of violence, if any, necessary to effect defendant's defense. Garcia v. State
(Cr.App. 1960) 169 Tex.Crim. 138, 332 S.W.2d 734. Assault And Battery 96(3)
Evidence including testimony that as defendant was being forced into sheriff's
automobile he placed his hand over defendant's face and put fingers into her mouth
and that she bit in self-defense entitled defendant to self-defense instruction.
Banker v. State (Cr.App. 1967) 413 S.W.2d 393. Assault And Battery 96(3)
Automobile driver's testimony as to events preceding defendant's assault upon

police officer required instruction as to defendant's right to use such force as
was reasonably necessary to defend his person from unlawful attack or to extricate
himself from unlawful detention, and failure to submit issue was reversible error.
Randall v. State (Cr.App. 1969) 447 S.W.2d 912. Assault And Battery 96(3);
Criminal Law 1173.2(3)
In prosecution for assault, defendant's testimony that he had to strike or push

complainant to keep her from wrecking the vehicle which he was driving was
sufficient to raise defense of necessity, and trial court erred in not instructing
jury on necessity. Williams v. State (Cr.App. 1982) 630 S.W.2d 640. Assault And
Battery 96(2)
Insufficient evidence existed to raise issue of self-defense so as to warrant

instruction on self-defense in defendant's trial for misdemeanor assault for
hitting former girlfriend with motorcycle and dragging her, even though defendant
testified that he wanted to leave, that former girlfriend was blocking him, and he
took opportunity to leave when she moved, and that former girlfriend had slapped
him, where there was no evidence that defendant ran over former girlfriend in
order to protect himself, there was no evidence that he was in fear of bodily
harm, and defendant was unaware that former girlfriend had been injured until
later that night when former girlfriend's son called defendant. Clifton v. State
(App. 2 Dist. 2000) 21 S.W.3d 906, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary
review refused. Automobiles 347; Automobiles 357(14); Automobiles 357(14);
Automobiles 357(14)
Jury instruction in civil assault case, asking whether jury believed an assault
was committed, was improper, where, as worded, instruction failed to instruct the
jury that they were to find that no assault had been committed if they believed an
assault was committed but that it was committed in self-defense or was justified.
Gibbins v. Berlin (App. 2 Dist. 2005) 162 S.W.3d 335. Assault And Battery 43(2)
Defendant was not entitled to instruction on self defense in prosecution for

aggravated assault, where defendant admitted only that he got out of his truck
while holding a shotgun and denied that he had committed the conduct, threatening
another with imminent bodily injury, giving rise to the offense. Wegner v. State
(App. 1 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 727707, Unreported. Assault And Battery 96(3)
42.5. Member of household
Evidence was legally sufficient to support finding that assault victim was a
member of defendant's household; in weeks preceding assault, victim lived with
defendant and his mother at mother's house, and did not have access to other
apartment where she had lived. Manning v. State (App. 14 Dist. 2003) 112 S.W.3d
740, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 48
Variance between allegation in information charging defendant with causing bodily

injury to another, that victim was member of defendant's family, and proof at
trial that victim was not member of defendant's family was not material; needless
allegation did not mislead defendant, defendant's defense, namely defense of
another, did not depend on whether or not victim was family member, and there was
no risk of defendant being prosecuted again for same assault on same victim.
Wilson v. State (App. 12 Dist. 2003) 113 S.W.3d 785. Assault And Battery 80
43. Findings
Statute requiring court to make an affirmative finding of family violence in the

judgment of conviction for assault offense involving family violence was intended
to simplify prosecution of subsequent family assault cases by making it
unnecessary to relitigate details of previous assault in subsequent prosecution,
rather, state may rely on affirmative finding in prior judgment to prove that
victim of defendant's previous assault was a family member. State v. Eakins (App.
3 Dist. 2002) 71 S.W.3d 443. Assault And Battery 83(1)
Although better practice would have been for trial court to make and enter
required family violence finding in the judgment for previous conviction of
assault involving family violence, in absence of such state could enter extrinsic
evidence of defendant's previous conviction involving family violence in
subsequent prosecution for assault of a family member. State v. Eakins (App. 3
Dist. 2002) 71 S.W.3d 443. Assault And Battery 83(1)
Trial court's entry of affirmative finding, in absence of finding by jury, that

defendant committed family violence in course of committing assault, did not
violate defendant's Sixth Amendment rights, where family violence finding had no
effect on defendant's punishment. Henderson v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL
952374, petition for discretionary review filed. Jury 34(1)
43.5. Effective assistance of counsel
Prosecutor's statement at voir dire that defendant may be guilty of aggravated

assault by threatening victim with imminent bodily harm with knife without
actually stabbing or cutting her and that the two ways to prove offense were by
threatening and by actually stabbing or cutting was accurate statement of law,
even though prosecutor was not accurately stating the two means of committing
aggravated assault; prosecutor was stating that two means by which assault, which
was essential element of aggravated assault, could be committed were by causing
bodily injury or by intentionally or knowingly threatening another with imminent
bodily injury. Flowers v. State (App. 9 Dist. 2004) 133 S.W.3d 853. Criminal Law
717
Defense counsel's failure to collect additional evidence, his alleged lack of a

firm command of the facts of the case, and his failure to request a jury
instruction on the lesser included offense of misdemeanor assault did not
prejudice defendant, and thus could not amount to ineffective assistance, in
prosecution for assault on a public servant; defendant offered no explanation for
counsel's alleged failure to collect additional evidence, he failed to explain the
manner in which counsel allegedly lacked a firm command of the facts, and
defendant never disputed that the victim was a public servant. Adekanbi v. State
(App. 5 Dist. 2002) 2002 WL 31688962, Unreported. Criminal Law 641.13(2.1);
Criminal Law 641.13(6)
44. Sentence and punishment
Trial court's order, granting defendant's plea in bar and suppressing evidence
that victim in previous assault conviction was a family member, was appealable in
present case against defendant, who was indicted on charges of assault on a
household member; order effectively negated enhancement paragraph of the current
indictment, and thus the felony indictment itself, as the charged offense would be
a misdemeanor without the enhancement. State v. Cagle (App. 14 Dist. 2002) 77
S.W.3d 344, petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 1024(1)
A prior assault on a family or household member is a sentence enhancement at a

trial for assault on a family or household member, rather than an element of the
offense; the operative statutory language is prefaced with the phrase, "if it is
shown on the trial of the offense." State v. Cagle (App. 14 Dist. 2002) 77 S.W.3d
344, petition for discretionary review refused. Assault And Battery 48;
Defendant's prior assault conviction amounted to conviction of family violence

assault, for purposes of enhancement of his sentence on subsequent conviction of
felony family violence assault, despite lack of affirmative finding in prior
judgment of conviction that offense involved family violence, where extrinsic
evidence established that prior offense was committed against woman with whom he
was cohabiting at time of assault. Mitchell v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2003) 102
S.W.3d 772, rehearing overruled, petition for discretionary review refused,
rehearing on petition for discretionary review denied. Sentencing And Punishment
323
Victim's testimony regarding defendant's prior assault conviction was sufficient

to support finding that she had been member of defendant's household at time
defendant assaulted her, for purposes of enhancement of defendant's sentence for
instant conviction of felony family violence; victim, who had been cohabiting with
defendant at time of prior assault and was married to him at time of instant
assault, was obviously reluctant witness for the state, but her somewhat ambiguous
testimony was not so obviously weak or so greatly outweighed by contrary proof as
to undermine confidence in jury's determination. Mitchell v. State (App. 3 Dist.
refused, rehearing on petition for discretionary review denied. Sentencing And
Punishment 323
Using defendant's successfully completed deferred adjudication to enhance

punishment for a later family violence offense violated the prohibition against ex
post facto laws; provision permitting such enhancement did not exist at the time
adjudication was deferred. Munoz v. State (App. 8 Dist. 2004) 133 S.W.3d 836.
Constitutional Law 203; Sentencing And Punishment 16
Family violence finding could not increase defendant's sentence such that jury
rather than trial court was required to make the finding, in prosecution of
defendant for assault; finding would have impacted defendant's sentence only if he
had previously committed a family-violence assault, State did not attempt to prove
that defendant had previously been convicted of an assault involving family
violence, and additional requirements that defendant was ordered to perform, such
as attending a batterer's intervention program, only were conditions of probation,
and trial court could impose any reasonable condition on probation. Butler v.
granted, affirmed 189 S.W.3d 299. Jury 34(7)
Sentence of 60 years' imprisonment for assault on a public servant was not grossly
disproportionate in violation of Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and
unusual punishment; sentence was within range of punishment, evidence was
presented regarding defendant's previous violent felonies, and jury found both
enhancement paragraphs for felony convictions in state to be true. Buster v. State
(App. 12 Dist. 2004) 144 S.W.3d 71, rehearing overruled. Sentencing And Punishment
1485
Defendant's successful completion of community supervision in lieu of

incarceration for assault of family member did not erase conviction for that
offense, and thus, application of amended enhancement statute to allow use of
prior conviction to enhance subsequent convictions for assault of family member,
which statute did not exist at time defendant was placed on community supervision,
did not constitute ex post facto law. Comeaux v. State (App. 9 Dist. 2004) 151
S.W.3d 710. Constitutional Law 203; Sentencing And Punishment 17(1)
Whether jury's affirmative finding of family violence, by a preponderance of the

evidence, in prosecution for misdemeanor assault would sustain an increased
penalty in a future prosecution of defendant was not ripe for appellate review.
Word v. State (Cr.App. 2006) 2006 WL 1639115. Criminal Law 1134(3)
45. Review
Issue of whether, to elevate a second family assault offense to a felony, a prior

assault conviction must affirmatively reflect on the judgment that it was
committed against a family or household member, and questions as to the
sufficiency of a prior judgment as evidence to prove the enhancement fact and/or
the relevance of extrinsic evidence of a family/household relationship of a prior
victim, depending on whether the prior judgment must reflect a family violence
finding, were not presented to, or decided by, the trial court, and thus were not
properly before the Court of Appeals for review. State v. Cagle (App. 14 Dist.
2002) 77 S.W.3d 344, petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 1042
Trial court's pre-trial rulings did not contain error in prosecution for
assaulting a public servant, where record reflected that court did not make any
ruling adverse to defendant; record reflected that court heard defendant's
discovery motion regarding production of videotape from arresting officer's squad
car and any audiotape of emergency call made by convenience store clerk, state
responded that it had no such evidence in its custody or control, and court ruled
it would permit defendant to subpoena any relevant videotapes or audiotapes for
trial. Gearhart v. State (App. 13 Dist. 2003) 122 S.W.3d 459, petition stricken,
petition for discretionary review refused. Criminal Law 627.6(3)
Defendant's "in pari materia" claim in prosecution for felony aggravated assault
relating to alleged hazing incident as part of victim's initiation into college
fraternity, that defendant had due process right to be prosecuted under hazing
statute because it was special statute that irreconcilably conflicted with assault
statute, was not cognizable in application for pretrial writ of habeas corpus,
because claim was not ripe for review; State had not had opportunity to develop
complete factual record during trial, and it was apparent that State had more
evidence to present, about which reviewing court could only speculate. Ex parte
Smith (Cr.App. 2006) 185 S.W.3d 887, rehearing denied. Habeas Corpus 275.1
Defendant's contention that trial court's entry of affirmative finding that

defendant committed family violence in course of committing assault violated
defendant's Sixth Amendment rights was preserved for appellate review where,
before sentence was imposed, defendant objected to trial court's stated intention
to make affirmative finding on ground that there had been no jury finding.
Henderson v. State (App. 3 Dist. 2006) 2006 WL 952374, petition for discretionary
review filed. Criminal Law 1035(1)
Remand for development of the record and reconsideration of sentence enhancement

imposed upon conviction for illegal reentry after deportation following conviction
for an aggravated felony was required, where Court of Appeals was unable to
determine from the record on appeal the elements of assault to which defendant
pleaded guilty in his underlying Texas conviction for Class A misdemeanor assault.
U.S. v. Ramirez-Aguilar, C.A.5 (Tex.)2006, 171 Fed.Appx. 449, 2006 WL 684433,
Unreported. Criminal Law 1181.5(8)
46. Jury
Trial court committed no error during venire examination of jurors in prosecution

for assaulting a public servant; although review of voir dire examination showed
that 16 venire members knew prosecutor or his family, they all indicated they
would consider facts of case and not base their decision on their knowledge of
prosecutor or his family, neither state nor defendant raised challenge for cause,
and court did not limit defendant's questioning of jury. Gearhart v. State (App.
13 Dist. 2003) 122 S.W.3d 459, petition stricken, petition for discretionary
review refused. Jury 91; Jury 131(4)
V. T. C. A., Penal Code � 22.01, TX PENAL � 22.01

Current through the end of the 2006 3rd Called Session of the 79th Legislature.
� 2006 Thomson/West
END OF DOCUMENT
(C) 2006 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.

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V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 22.

Vernon's Texas Statutes and Codes Annotated Currentness

Penal Code (Refs & Annos)

Title 5. Offenses Against The Person (Refs & Annos)

Chapter 22. Assaultive Offenses (Refs & Annos)

(a) A person commits an offense if the person:

(1) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another,

(2) intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury,

(2) a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described

(3) a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as

(B) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of

(1) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3)

(2) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a

(A) while the participant is performing duties or responsibilities in the

(B) in retaliation for or on account of the participant's performance of a duty or

(e) In this section:

(1), (2) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788, � 6.

(3) "Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section

(f) For the purposes of Subsection (b)(2):

(1) a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in Subsection

HISTORICAL AND STATUTORY NOTES

2006 Electronic Pocket Part Update

Section 2 of Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294 provides:

Section 4 of Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019 provides:

Section 2 of Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028 provides:

"(2) a member of the defendant's family or household, if it is shown on the trial

"(3) a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as

"(B) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of

Section 7 of Acts 2005, 79th Leg., ch. 788 provides:

2003 Main Volume

Section 13 of the 1983 amendatory act provides:

Section 34 of the 1989 amendatory act provides:

"(b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) of this section is a Class A misdemeanor

"(1) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of an institution

"(2) the offense is committed by the owner or employee of a facility, except a

"(c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) of this section is a Class C misdemeanor

"(1) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of an institution

"(2) the offense is committed by the owner or an employee of a facility, except a

"(3) the offense is committed against a classroom teacher, counselor, principal,

"(A) one time, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor;

"(B) two times, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor; or

"(d) An offense under Subsection (a)(3) of this section is a Class C misdemeanor

"(1) the offense is committed against a classroom teacher, counselor, principal,

"(B) two times, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor; or

Section 2 of Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659 provides:

Section 2 of Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158 provides:

Acts 1931, 42nd Leg., p. 95, ch. 61.

Acts 1949, 51st Leg., p. 821, ch. 441.

Acts 1949, 51st Leg., p. 1131, ch. 582.

Acts 1961, 57th Leg., p. 706, ch. 331, � 1.

"Another" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.

"Bodily injury" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.

Consent as defense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 22.06.

"Intentionally" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.

"Knowingly" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.

"Person" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.

Class A misdemeanor, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.21.

Class C misdemeanor, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.23.

Third degree felony, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 12.34.

"Reasonable belief" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 1.07.

"Recklessly" defined, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 6.03.

Resisting arrest, search or transportation as offense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code �

Self defense, see V.T.C.A., Penal Code � 9.31.