Reviewer in PHYSICS 4th Quarter

TERMS
Electromagnetic spectrum range of electromagnetic waves arranged according to frequency or
wavelengths
Radio Waves have the longest wavelengths in the EM spectrum
Microwaves transmit energy and can even penetrate smog, light rain or clouds.
Infrared Radiation anything that produces heat, like our bodies
Visible Light the only area in the EM spectrum that our eyes can detect
Ultraviolet means higher than violet, its wavelength ranges from 400nm-10nm
X-rays discovered in the late 1895, by a German Physicist
Gamma Rays most energetic among the electromagnetic waves
Transparent materials allow any form of EM radiation to pass through them
Translucent material allow little EM waves to pass through
Opaque materials completely disallow EM waves to pass through
Wave carry energy but they do not transfer matter
2 Types of Waves
1. Mechanical Waves require a medium through which to travel
2. Electromagnetic Waves do not require a medium to propagate, they can travel through
a vacuum
Classification of Waves
1. Transverse Wave displacement of the medium is perpendicular to the direction in which
the waves travels.
2. Longitudinal Wave the disturbance takes place parallel to the wave motion
Properties of Wave
1. Refraction when a wave moves from one medium to another it moves with a different
speed in the second
2. Reflection occurs whenever a wave hits a barrier. The wave is sent back or reflected in
the medium
3. Diffraction occurs chiefly when a wave interacts with a solid object.
4. Interference when two or more waves meet at a point, they interact and combine to a
resultant wave larger
Nature of Sound longitudinal waves produced by vibrating sources through a medium
Human Ear sound waves are detected
3 Parts of Human Ear
1. Pinna(earflap) in the outer ear that collects sound
2. Ear Canal directs the sound to the middle ear
3. Ear Drum separates inner and outer ear; vibrates with a frequency similar to the original
sound
Properties of Sound Wave
1. Pitch and Frequency
*Pitch is a measure of the frequency of sound vibrations per second
*Frequency measured in cycles per second or Hertz

2. Loudness and Intensity

*Loudness determined by the intensity of sound

- refers to the measure of the amplitude of a sound wave
3. Quality and Timber
Concave curves inward which magnifies images
Ex: spotlight, headlight, flashlight
Convex curves outward to provide a wide range of viewing
Ex: dentist mirror, side mirror, opthalmoscope, security mirro

Problem Solving:
1. How much heat is lost when 1500g of steam at 100 0C condenses and cools to water at 800C

2. Convert 50g of water at 1000C to steam at 1000C

3. How much heat is required to convert 100g of ice at -200C to steam at 1100C?

4. Calculate the size of the image of a tree that is 8.0m high and 80m from a pinhole camera that
is 20 cm long. What is its magnification?

5. An R of 25.0 cm means that the focal length of the concave mirror is 12.5 cm. This value and
object distance of 20.0cm will be substituted to the mirror equation to compute for the image
distance. The height of the image will be computed using magnification equation.

6. A 4.0 cm tall bulb is placed a distance of 35 cm from a convex mirror having a focal length of
-12cm. Determine the image distance at the image size.

7. An object 8.0 cm high is 18cm from a converging lens having a focal length of 10cm.
a. How far is the image from the lens?
b. How tall is the image?