Design of Anchored Sheet Pile

Coal Fire Steam Power Plant, West Kalimantan

Teuku Faisal Fathani, Ph.D.

Jurusan Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Gadjah Mada

Location

Site condition
The soil at working area consists of soft compressible
layer of silty clay up to 30-35 m depth over layered by
silty sand and medium sand.
The groundwater level is located at 0 to 1 m below the
ground surface
Considering the geotechnical condition at riverbank area,
sheet pile installation as river protection will be
performed at the riverside of Kapuas.
Sheet pile is chosen with the consideration that the soil is
very soft with very low bearing capacity

Standard Penetration Test

Depth
0.00-3.50
3.50-6.00
6.00-11.00
11.00-16.00
16.00-19.55
19.55-24.00
24.00-26.00
26.00-29.55
29.55-34.40
34.40-35.55
35.55-54.00
54.00-55.00
55.00-60.00

Soil type
Silty CLAY, few peat, dark grey to black
Fine sandy CLAY, few shell fragments, grey
Silty CLAY, few shell fragments, grey
Silty CLAY, light grey
Silty CLAY, few sand, grey
Silty CLAY, grey
Silty CLAY, few organic matter, dark grey
Silty CLAY, grey to yellow
Silty CLAY, grey
Silty medium SAND, light grey to white
Slightly silty medium SAND, white
Silty clay, brown
Slightly silty fine SAND, light grey to white

N value
2
1 or less
1
2
3
2-4
3
6
7-9
50
50

Dutch Cone
Penetration Test

 0.00

B8

B7
0.00

Bor Log Test

Silty CLAY
10.00
Very Soft
to Soft

20.00

- 23.50
Silty CLAY

- 26.50

- 31.50

30.00 Medium
Sandy SILT

- 33.50
- 34.50

40.00

Dense to
very dense
SAND
50.00

- 60.00
60.00

Laboratorium test result

Design of sheet pile construction without anchor

Design of Sheet Pile Construction Cantilever without Anchor

Project :

Coal Fire Steam Power Plant (CFSPP) Capacity 2 x 50 MW

Design of
Sheet
Pile
Construction
Parit
Baru,
West
Kalimantan with Pier Abutment as Anchor
Project
:
Coal
Fire
Steam
Power Plant (CFSPP) Capacity 2 x 50 MW
Design with Static Load
Parit Baru, West Kalimantan
Design with Static Load
q=
0.0 kN/m2
q=
h1

62.7 kN/m2

(external load 10 kN/m2 added with 3.1 m height of soil embankment wit

Pier 0.0
Abutment

Design of Sheet
with Pier
as Anchor
h1 Pile Construction
0.0
SoilAbutment
Layer 1
Coal Fire Steam Power Plant (CFSPP) Capacity
MWkN/m3
g b = 2 x 5013.81
Parit
Soil
1
g sa Layer
h2 Baru, West
1.5 Kalimantan
17.69 kN/m3
t =
x
33
Design with Static Load
13.81
kN/m
7.69 kN/m
gg' b ==
Project :

h2

cg sa =t =
fg 'q =
==

1.6
Pier Abutment

h3
h1

0.0
0.0

h3

0.0

h2 d 0
1.500

x d= 0 =

2.386
4.009

d=
1.500 d 0
Calculate
D
SM
=
0
Do 8.948
y=0
0
Calculate
x DSF
hx =h3
Calculate
0 SM
B =0

Calculate x b SFhx = 0

gb =
x

4.626

d=

d0

1.6
D0

0.0

K a1 =

b =
a =
dbb ===

-2.0

K a2 =

0.870

90.0

K p2 =

1.150

0.0
11.0
-2.0
90.0

K
Ka1
a2
K p1
p2

10.00 kN/m2
3.00

Soil Layer 2

A
d0 =

23
17.69
kN/m
2.00 kN/m
62.7o kN/m23
7.69
10.00

2
o
0.704 K a tan ( 45 2 )
90.0 K p1 =
1.420 K tan 2 ( 45 ff)
p
2
o
0.0 K a1 =
0.901 K a tan ( 45 22 )
15.0
a =
90.0 K p1 =
1.110 K tan 2 ( 45 f )
p
2 wit
(external
d = load 10 kN/m2
15.0added with 3.1 m height of soil embankment

b =
a =
db ==

d0

Calculation Result :
D0
h1 (m)
h2 (m)

Soil
gsatLayer
= 12

gg'gbb ===
==
gcgsa
satt =
gfg'' ===
cc ==

ff
d0 (m)

10.10 kN/m3
16.34 kN/m3
33
3
13.81
kN/m
6.34 kN/m
10.10
23
3

17.69
7.00 kN/m
kN/m
16.34
o
7.69
4.00
6.34 kN/m33

a
a
dd

==
==

=
=

K a tan 2 ( 45 o

f
)
2

K p tan22 ( 45oo ff)

K
tan ( 45 )
0.901
0.854 Kaa tan ( 45 222 )
ff
2
1.110
1.170 KKp tan
tan 2((45
45 ))
2

15.0
11.0

22

2
10.00
20.00 kN/m2
o
3.00
4.50 o

d (m)

L (m)

0.00
1.50 : 4.63
6.94
8.44
0.0 Calculation
Result
A
h1 (m)
h2 (m) Soil
d0 Layer
(m) 2 d (m)
L (m)
3
10.10 kN/m
g4.01
0.00
1.60
6.01
7.61
b =
y
16.34 kN/m3
gsat =
3

x (m)

Mmaks (kNm)

Steel Profile

2.39

21.59

OZ 13 A

x (m)
b =
10.548

a =

M maks (kNm)
Steel Profile
K a2 =420 YSP-1
0.854
544.71-2.0 Larssen
90.0

K p2 =

Concrete
f Pro
K a tan 2 ( 45 o )
W-350-A-1000
2 JIS

1.170 qK tan 2 ( 45 f )
p
2

Design of sheet pile construction without anchor

Forces and Moments caused by Active Soil Pressure
Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ea1

0.000

5.376

0.000

Ea2

0.000

6.126

0.000

Ea3

0.000

6.126

0.000

Ea4

0.000

5.376

0.000

Ea5

6.091

5.126

31.221

Ea6

-5.035

5.376

-27.064

Ea7

46.398

2.313

107.308

Ea8

58.980

1.542

90.939

Ea9

-60.388

2.313

-139.665

Ea10

187.614

2.042

383.082

SEa =

233.660

SMa =

Forces Diagram on Sheet Pile Construction without Anchor

q

Ea2

h1

h1.g.Ka1

Ea3
2cKa1
Soil Layer 1
g1 ; g1 ; c1 ;
f1 ; Ka1

Ea1

Ea4

h2

Ea6
Ea5

445.822
q.Ka1

h1.g1.Ka1 h2.g1.Ka1

2cKa1

Forces and Moments caused by Passive Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ep1

77.998

1.542

120.262

Ep2

106.980

1.542

164.949

Ep3

69.445

2.313

160.611

SEp =

254.423

SMp =
Ma-Mp =

445.822

h3
Ea10
b

Soil Layer 2
g2 ; g2 ; c2 ; f2 ;
Ka2 ; Kp2

0.000
2cKp2

do :

4.63 m

Sheet pile length inside (d) :

6.94 m

Sheet pile length total (L) :

8.44 m

Ea7
Ep3
Ep2
d0.gw

Ep1
d0.g2.Kp2

d0

Ea9
Ea8

(q+h1.g1+h2.g1)Ka2 (h3+d0)g2Ka2 2cKa2

D0

(h2+h3+d0)gw

Design of sheet pile construction without anchor

Determine Sheet Pile Profile

Looking for Mmax that works on point with distance x from A to D0

x=

(dMmax/dx) = 0 atau SFhx = 0

2.386

Forces and Moments caused by Active Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Forces and Moments caused by Passive Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ea1

0.000

3.136

0.000

Ep1

20.751

0.795

16.503

Ea2

0.000

3.886

0.000

Ep2

28.462

0.795

22.636

Ea3

0.000

3.886

0.000

Ep3

35.820

1.193

42.731

Ea4

0.000

3.136

0.000

SEp =

85.033

Ea5

6.091

2.886

17.579

Ea-Ep =

Ea6

-5.035

3.136

-15.788

Ea7

23.932

1.193

28.549

Ea8

15.692

0.795

12.479

Ea9

-31.148

1.193

-37.158

Ea10

75.500

1.295

97.795

SEa =

85.032

SMa =

103.457

SMp =

-0.001 Ma-Mp =

81.870
21.587

Design of sheet pile construction without anchor

required length of sheet pile = 8.44m
maximum moment = 21.59 kNm
Steel Sheet Pile Profile OZ 13A is chosen
(s = 355 MN/m2, Z = 1370 cm3)
Zmin = Mmax / s = 21.59 / 355000
= 0.0000608 m3 = 60.817 cm3

It can be concluded that Zmin < Z profile, so Profile OZ 13A is

acceptable to be applied.

Design of Sheet Pile Construction with Pier Abutment as Anchor

Project :

Coal Fire Steam Power Plant (CFSPP) Capacity 2 x 50 MW

Design
ofWestsheet
Parit Baru,
Kalimantanpile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Design with Static Load

q=

62.7 kN/m2

(external load 10 kN/m2 added with 3.1 m height of soil embankment with g 17 kN/m3)

Pier Abutment

h1

0.0
Soil Layer 1

h2

h3

1.6

y
4.009

1.500 d 0

y=

8.948

Calculate D0 SMB = 0
Calculate x

SFhx = 0

b =

0.0

K a1 =

g sa t =
g' =

17.69 kN/m3

a =

90.0

K p1 =

7.69 kN/m3

d =

15.0

10.00 kN/m2

3.00

f
2
o
0.901 K a tan ( 45 2 )
1.110 K tan 2 ( 45 f )
p
2

Soil Layer 2

d=

13.81 kN/m3

0.0
A

d0 =

gb =

d0

gb =

10.10 kN/m3

b =

-2.0

K a2 =

gsat =

16.34 kN/m3

a =

90.0

K p2 =

g' =

d =

11.0

c=
f

D0

6.34 kN/m

f
2
o
0.854 K a tan ( 45 2 )
1.170 K tan 2 ( 45 f )
p
2

20.00 kN/m
4.50

Calculation Result :
h1 (m)

h2 (m)

d0 (m)

d (m)

L (m)

x (m)

M maks (kNm)

Steel Profile

Concrete Profile

0.00

1.60

4.01

6.01

7.61

10.548

544.71

Larssen 420 YSP-1

W-350-A-1000 JISA5326

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Forces and Moments caused by Active Soil Pressure
Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ea1

90.342

0.800

72.273

Ea2

0.000

0.000

0.000

Ea3

0.000

0.000

0.000

Ea4

0.000

0.800

0.000

Ea5

8.864

1.067

9.455

Ea6

-30.367

0.800

-24.293

Ea7

256.933

3.604

926.101

Ea8

43.533

4.273

185.999

Ea9

-148.231

3.604

-534.292

Ea10

157.298

3.739

588.180

SEa =

378.372 SMa =

Forces Diagram on Sheet Pile Construction without Anchor

q

Ea2

h1

h 1 .g.Ka1

Ea3

2cKa1
Soil Layer 1
g1 ; g1 ; c1 ;
f1 ; Ka1

Ea1

Ea4

h2

Ea6

Ea5

1223.423
q.Ka1 h 1 .g1 .Ka1 h 2 .g1 .Ka1

Forces and Moments caused by Passive Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ep1

59.621

4.273

254.735

Ep2

80.356

4.273

343.329

Ep3

173.472

3.604

625.270

SEp =

313.449 SMp =
Ma-Mp =

1223.334

2cKa1

h3

Ea10
b
Soil Layer 2
g2 ; g2 ; c2 ; f2 ;
Ka2 ; Kp2

Ea7
Ep3

Ep2

Ep1

d0

Ea9
Ea8

0.089
2cKp2

do :

4.01 m

Sheet pile length inside (d) :

6.01 m

Sheet pile length total (L) :

7.61 m

d 0 .gw

d 0 .g2 .Kp2

(q+h 1 .g1 +h 2 .g1 )Ka2 (h 3 +d 0 )g2 Ka2 2cKa2 (h 2 +h 3 +d 0 )gw

D0

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Determine Sheet Pile Profile

Looking for Mmax that works on point with distance x from B to D 0

y value is the distance where lateral force is equal to 0, means the moment is maximum
(dMmax/dx) = 0 atau SFhx = 0

To determine y value, using equation :

So the distance from anchor B to point where the moment is maximum,

Forces and Moments caused by Active Soil Pressure
Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

y =

8.948

x =

10.548

Forces and Moments caused by Passive Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN)

(m)

(kNm)

Ea1

90.342

9.748

880.648

Ep1

297.029

2.983

885.937

Ea2

0.000

10.548

0.000

Ep2

400.332

2.983

1194.056

Ea3

0.000

10.548

0.000

Ep3

387.195

4.474

1732.308

Ea4

0.000

9.748

0.000

SEp =

Ea5

8.864

9.481

84.044

SEa-SEp =

Ea6

-30.367

9.748

-296.016

Ea7

573.483

4.474

2565.759

Ea8

216.881

2.983

646.882

Ea9

-330.857

Ea10

556.300

SEa =

4.474 -1480.253
3.516

1084.645 SMa =

1955.948
4357.012

1084.556 SMp =
0.089 Ma-Mp =

3812.301
544.711

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

required length of sheet pile = 7.61 m
maximum moment = 544.71 kNm
Steel Sheet Pile Profile OZ 15A is chosen
(s = 355 MN/m2, Z = is 1570 cm3)
Zmin = Mmax / s
= 544.71/ 355000
= 0.001534 m3
= 1534 cm3

It can be concluded that Zmin < Z profile, so Profile OZ 15A is

acceptable to be applied.

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Determine Capacity of Surface Anchor
Depth of Piled Sheet Pile (d)

4.01 m

Forces and Moments caused by Active Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN/m')

(m)

(kNm)

Forces and Moments caused by Passive Soil Pressure

Notation

Forces

Arms

Moments

(kN/m')

(m)

(kNm)

Ea1

90.342

4.809

434.443

Ep1

59.621

1.336

79.671

Ea2

0.000

5.609

0.000

Ep2

80.356

1.336

107.380

Ea3

0.000

5.609

0.000

Ep3

173.472

2.004

347.715

Ea4

0.000

4.809

0.000

Eanchor

64.88997

Ea5

8.864

4.542

40.263

SEp =

Ea6

-30.367

4.809

-146.031

Ea-Ep =

Ea7

256.933

2.004

515.008

Ea8

43.533

1.336

58.173

Ea9

-148.231

2.004

-297.122

Ea10

157.298

1.870

294.090

SEa =

378.372 SMa =

898.824

5.609 363.9608311

378.339 SMp =
-0.033 Ma-Mp =

E anchor needed

898.726
0.098

64.890 kN/m'

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Forces caused by Passive Soil Pressure
E anchor

Notation

Soil Layer1
g1 ; g1 ; c1 ; f1 ;
Ka1 ; Kp1

Forces
(kN/m')

Epa1

153.709

Epa2

180.000

Epa3

126.454

SEpa =

460.162

Maximum space of anchor strut

2cKp1

7.091 m

Determine Minimum Anchor Strut Dimension

Steel Tensile Yield Strenght (ASTM A36)

400 Mpa

E anchor needed

64.890 kN/m'

Minimum space of anchor

7.091 m
0.00115 m2
0.038272 m

Required strut cross sectional area (As)

Required strut diameter (Ds)

38.27196 mm
Required minimum strut length (Ls)
1. Ls L

7.61 m

2. Teng (1962), based on graphic:

182.56 m

Epa3
Epa2
d0.gw

Epa1

d0.g1.Kp1

Da

Design of anchored sheet pile

Length of anchor (Teng, 1962):

Minimum length 183 m

too small (1st layer = 3 , 2nd layer = 5)

Design of anchored sheet pile construction

Apabila angkur direncanakan diganti dengan tiang penyangga
untuk sheet pile, maka jumlah tiang yang dibutuhkan akan
sangat banyak dan menjadi tidak efektif.
Tampak samping

Tampak atas

Balok perata

Tiang
penyangga

Papan
turap

Balok
perata

Tiang
penyangga

Papan
turap

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Pada rencana awal yaitu pada kedalaman +0.0, lokasi sheet pile terletak
terlalu dekat dengan area pengerukan jetty (5.2 m), dikhawatirkan tanah
di depan sheet pile akan mengalami erosi karena arus sungai dan dapat
terjadi longsor. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kegagalan sheet
pile.

sheet pile
line

jetty
dredging
area

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Dipilih jalan keluar dengan memundurkan garis dasar sheet pile.

Design of sheet pile construction with pier abutment as anchor

Rencana awal garis sheet pile terdapat pada rerata kedalaman +0.0, garis
dasar sheet pile ini dimundurkan hingga pada rerata kedalaman +0.5.
Dengan mundurnya garis dasar sheet pile, jarak antara sheet pile dan area
pengerukan pada jetty menjadi 30 m. Jarak ini cukup aman dan sheet pile
tidak akan terpengaruh oleh erosi maupun longsor yang terjadi pada area
pengerukan jetty.
Permasalahan yang muncul batas lahan berkurang