ASSIGNMENT

ON
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT
(PGPM-11)

MD IRSHAD ALAM
(Registration No: 214-05-31-50011-2163)

SUBMITTED TO
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH CENTRE
25/1 BALEWADI, N.I.A POST OFFICE
PUNE 411045.

ASSIGNMENT TITLE

Your company has bagged a lucrative contract to construct a housing colony for an
Industrial Group to be located in Western Maharashtra in a coastal belt. You as a
Project Manager has been asked by the company to evolve Organisation Structure
with following conditions.
i.

Organisation should be as lean and thin as possible with bare minimum of

personnel on company roll upto Junior Engineer level.

ii. All supervisors to down below will be temporary for project duration only to
be recruited locally from 100 km radius.
Suggest and discuss an organisation structure denoting responsibility, authority,
communication control for all facets of construction work and management
functions as visualised by you.

Housing colony consists of 10 Bungalows for senior executives, 20 Apartments in

five buildings, 100 dwellings for white collar workers and 300 dwellings for blue
collared workers. Colony will have market and entertainment complex.

KEY:

i.

Visualize & note all key functions to be carried out for the project.

ii.

Break down Managerial (Technical and Administrative) functions up to final

level.

iii.

Evolve required flow of communication.

iv.

Assign responsibility function to appointment.

v.

Co-relate authorities required to perform the tasks and delegate them.

vi.

Think about desired control and form a structure for above.

vii.

Assign suitable sub junior level workers for function.

viii. Discuss requirement of no. of personnel at each level (Why not less or
More?)

STRUCTURE:
Scope of work
Functions
Input / communication requirement and flow
Authority to carry out functions
Recommendations
Bibliography/Readings

ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a structure for an organization for a residential project in their construction processes.
This structure aims at integrating the knowledge that is found scattered among the several branches
related to the construction system. This paper starts from a survey on the literature about the organization
of knowledge, particularly about the system of facets classification, and includes the directives proposed
by the ISO norms for the classification of information in the civil construction industry according to the
concept of process.

This assignment is about management in an organization for a residential project. A housing colony
generally comprises of blocks which is categorized based upon the grade or designation of the personnel
working in the firm. As it is for industrial company, proposed in the assignment, the designation of the
personnel varies from senior executives to blue collared workers.

INTRODUCTION
Management of materials and information flows are key strategic priorities for construction firms. Sound
performance in these two areas can provide them with significant benefits and allow the adding of value
for clients.

The introduction of supply chain management in construction is intended to integrate processes, manage
interfaces between companies in projects, reduce uncertainties and weed out inefficiency as much as
possible. The elimination of waste and inefficiency from the supply chain builds in value in the process.
Similarly, Sir John Egan reaffirmed the aforementioned recommendations in his report title Rethinking
Construction (Egan, 1998: 16). The report identified five key drivers of change, namely:

* Committed leadership
* Focus on the customer
* Integrated processes and teams
* Quality driven agenda and
* Commitment to people
the present assignment paper is done by keeping in mind the above factors for attaining the best and
profitable output.

SCOPE OF WORK
The project is about construction of a housing colony for an industrial group in Western Maharashtra in a
coastal belt. There are three main aspects to be studied in the course of project namely man power,
materials and expectance of the clients.

Considering the fact that the local labors can be engaged in the field of work due to the following facts a.
No accommodation is must for local workers,
b. Only travel arrangements can be made on demand as the people are around 100km radius from the
work site and c. The number of labors can be altered in the work load. Apart from these as all the
materials and are purchased from the local surroundings the availability of materials can be made on
demand and there will be an assured supply of materials. Apart from the housing it is also proposed to

build an entertainment complex and a market. Entertainment complex comprises of a theatre and a multipurpose hall and a small park at the entrance. Considering on the economical basis the market can be also
kept inside the complex as a shopping mall.

BREAKDOWN IN MANAGEMENT
The above chart is the outline for the breakdown for the management in the organization. The top most
position in any project is the project manager. The orders are executed by the junior engineers through
their senior engineer who is guided by the construction manager. The functions of the personnel are
discussed briefly below

I.

PROJECT MANAGER:
* The project manager is a leader of the team.
* The project manager will have clear idea about all the process that takes place in the project. *
He should be influencing the team to follow in the achievement of a common goal. * He should
be able to identify the delay if it is occurred and should be able to rectify it. He is answerable to
the top level management of the firm and to the clients.

II.

PROJECT CONTROL MANAGER

* The function of a project control manager is to regularize the work flow in the project. * He
forms a planning department under which all the essentials of the project are been maintained
and recorded. * The project control manager being the head of the planning department has to
keep up the above mentioned functions. He is assisted by:

SCHEDULERS: prepares the work flow for a project.

DOCUMENT CONTROLLERS: maintains all the records of the project
COST SPECIALISTS: analysis the day to day change in field of construction financially and run
the project economically

III.

DESIGN MANAGER:

* The design manager makes the plan and does the design of every single member of a structure
that has to come in the project. * As for the residential project, he does prepare the layout of the
entire colony with specification of the every single apartment and bungalow allocated as per the

specification proposed by the clients. * He prepares the drawings which provide all the essentials
for the structure. QC INSPECTOR: He takes care in examining the quality of the all the products
from reinforcement, concrete to a completed building. SAFETY INSPECTORS: He assures the
safe working condition prevails in the site to all the people working in the site. Thus he assures
that the risk factors in the site are minimized and a safe working environment is provided.

IV.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGER

* He is the head of the execution department.

* The main function of the execution department is to execute the orders received from the
planning department. * The most active post in the organisation is the construction manager
since he decides upon the plans proposed on assumed working conditions and executes them
under the actual working conditions. * He has a team consisting of engineers and his sub
ordinates for various works in the field.

Assigning responsibility
The table below gives the outline for the entire assignment as a precise for the above all
discussions:
TASKS THAT HAS TO BE PERFORMED| WHO PERFORMS THE TASK|

Measuring and laying-out site; calculating

requirements; Cutting and aligning bricks; applying

Brick layer

and finishing mortar

Studying requirements; measuring site; setting
forms; preparing grading and base

Cement mason

Establishing methods, procedures, sources, and

models for analyzing construction cost information;

Construction accountant

verifying weekly critical path balancing; comparing

construction budget with variance calculations
Preparing residential closing work papers;
completing monthly job closing routine; preparing
financial statement data; preparing sales

Construction Accounting Coordinator

commissions, overhead, and marketing journal

entries
Completing building permit requirements;
maintaining sub-contractor relationships; assigning

Construction Administrative Assistant

project numbers; noting phase completion dates

Establishing construction financial data methods,
procedures, sources, and models; collecting,
tracking, and calculating cost information;

Construction Cost Analyst

identifying and analyzing variances; maintaining

job cost system
Producing and improving architectural plans;
reducing construction costs; resolving design and

Construction Design Services Supervisor

construction problems; resolving differences

between designers and sales personnel
Operating computer-aided design system;
forwarding blueprints to requesting parties;

Construction Design Technician

analyzing design options; evaluating construction

Establishing and enforcing purchasing policies;
identifying resources; negotiating quality, delivery,
and price agreements and leases; maintaining

Construction Director

ethical standards
Identifying suitable parcels and locations;
negotiating purchases; planning land development;

Construction Division President

developing building sites

Collecting and studying reports, maps, drawings,
blueprints, aerial photographs and tests on soil
composition, terrain, hydrological characteristics,

Construction Engineer

and related topographical and geologic data;

preparing engineering design and documents;
confirming specifications; inspecting construction
site
Studying home plans; updating specifications;
identifying and projecting costs for each elevation;

Construction Estimator

costing changes, additions, and site adjustment

requirements
Studying blueprints; scheduling materials,
equipment; preparing cost estimates; monitoring

Construction Foreman

expenses
Assembling and disassembling scaffolding;
checking schedules; determining materials

Construction Laborer

requirements; locating, loading, unloading, and

moving materials.
Planning construction requirements; ; resolving

Construction Manager

land development issues; building quality homes

Understanding and analyzing construction
objectives; interviewing people who understand

Construction Operations Vice President

goals; studying position and product statements;

diagnosing/analyzing needs and requirements
Analyzing materials, supplies, tools, and equipment

Construction Planner

requirements; requisitioning and approving

purchase of materials, supplies, tools, and

Construction Planner

equipment; providing project estimates; monitoring

project expenditures|
clients regarding project objectives and
requirements; Directing development of, and

Advising Construction Project Controller

verifying, project drawings, specifications, details,

and budgets; controlling expenses; guiding project
operations
Interviewing customers; following warranty
guidelines; scheduling work with subcontractor;

Construction Quality Assurance Coordinator

monitoring and evaluating subcontractor work

Recording surveys; tracking warranty claims;
obtaining and investigating complaints; compiling

Construction Quality Manager

and updating customer satisfaction information

Providing administrative services; representing
builder; identifying and correcting customer

Construction Secretary

complaints; resolving warranty issues

Identifying new acreage; obtaining and analyzing
development bids; determining development

Construction Services Vice President

profitability negotiating land purchase; obtaining

utilities
Defining project purpose and scope; calculating
resources required; establishing standards and

Construction Supervisor|

protocols; allocating resources

Reading blueprints; estimating and ordering
requirements; measuring and laying-out reference

Dry-Wall Installer

lines; measuring, cutting, fitting, and finishing drywalls

Preparing bid documents and contracts;
coordinating contract execution; maintaining

Engineering Construction Administrative

contract records; maintaining materials and sup

preparing material bids
Completes construction projects by verifying

Engineering Construction Project Manager

estimates, project drawings, and specifications;

establishing and disseminating schedules; awarding

Engineering Construction Project Manager

contracts; obtaining tools and equipment

Identifying suitable parcels and locations;
negotiating purchases; planning land development;

sitesHome Construction manager

developing building
Constructs pipeline by studying demand estimates;
assessing Sites and watercourse crossings;

Pipeline Construction Manager

preparing specifications and logistics; completing

impact studies
Laying-out project; gathering materials; preparing
roof; installing roofing

Roofer

Developing staking sheets; completing and filing

forms and sketches; requesting payment of permit
and easement fees; defining staking requirements
Planning surveys; verifying construction location;

Staking Aide

defining lines and grades, typography, underground

Surveyor

facilities, cut and fill; providing maps, calculations,

documentation, and illustrations
Training laborers on how to properly handle and
dispose of hazardous materials according to

Safety Supervisor

procedures and policies set by personal corporation

regulations and state laws.
Direct safety programs in an attempt to reduce any
hazards or injuries possible during and after the

Safety Director

sites construction
Studying blueprints; calculating requirements;
measuring and laying-out site; measuring, cutting,

Tile Setter

and attaching laths

INPUT/COMMUNICATION REQUIRETMENT AND FLOW

As discussed above the breakdown in an organisation can be categorized precisely under four departments
namely,
I.
II.

Planning & Infrastructure department,

Finance department,

III.

Quality department and

IV.

Execution department.

The functions of all the above departments are explained elaborately below

PLANNING & INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT:

* The Planning team would work on the Layout, Town Planning and Connectivity.
* The Infrastructure team would ensure that the basic infrastructure like Water and Electricity is made
available to the units.
* The intention to club these two divisions is based on logical interpretation of the basic tenets on which
the two teams work.
* A coordinative effort between these two divisions will ensure that that the product is ready for the
execution team to deliver.

FINANCE DEPARTMENT:

* The team will work around the year to ensure that the required cash flows are maintained and also to
ensure that the work doesnt get affected due to the inherent issues of managing the project.
* Employees in the Manager level will ensure that all the required books are to do the book keeping and
also execute the plans of the General Managers.
* The General Managers are to ensure that the plans are made keeping in mind the vision and direction
set by the Project Manager.

QUALITY DEPARTMENT:

* The Quality Team will have a structure as follows: Quality Control plays a very vital role in a project.
Hence, it would be critical to have a Quality team member involved in every critical aspect of the
project.
* A team member would be involved in the Planning and Infrastructure, one team member in
Architecture and one in Execution.
* A team member of the cadre of an AGM would ensure that the Managers who look after the individual
portfolios execute the plans according to the vision and direction of the Program Manager.
EXECUTION DEPARTMENT:

* The primary thing that has to be realized is that execution is a very critical team for the success of the
organization.
* This team has to be closely monitored and should also be given enough flexibility to allow intelligent
deviations from the plan and also should be flexible enough to incorporate the changing conditions in
the environment.

In the field of construction there is no unidirectional flow of orders or communication it is a must that a
for an efficient project there is a must that all should be knowing the happenings around them so as that
the problems can be discussed and hurdles are overcome.

So as a result the client is pleased and at the same time the work progress is also maintained at the same
ratio. As a result for the company time efficiency is gained which at the days end earns a lot of profit
and fame for the concern

BREAKDOWN IN ORGANISATION:

The following are the number of people required

White collared workers 100
Blue collared workers 300

BLUE COLLARED WORKERS

Job Title

No. of workers

Brick layers

30

Cement Masons

30

Construction Foreman

36

Construction Laborer

100

Construction Supervisor

15

Dry-Wall Installer

Pipeline/ Plumber

10

Roofer

15

Staking Aide

20

Surveyor

Safety Supervisor

15

Tile Setter

15

Electrician

10

TOTAL

300

WHITE COLLARED WORKERS

Job title

No. of workers

Construction accountant

Construction Accounting Coordinator

Construction Administrative Assistant

10

Construction Cost Analyst

Construction Design Services Supervisor

Construction Design Technician

15

Construction Director

Construction Division President

Construction Engineer

15

Construction Estimator

Construction Manager

Construction Operations Vice President

Construction Quality Assurance coordinator

Construction Quality Manager

Construction Secretary

Construction Services Vice President

Safety Director

Chief Operating Officer

Construction Project Manager

15

Account officer

Store Managers

TOTAL

100

CONCLUSION

The task of organizing the information in the building field is difficult due to the nonexistence of a
national classification system with a general consensus, nor is there a national norm for the classification
and organization of this information. As a solution to this problem, the structure of the existing
(hierarchical and facets) classifications was approached and the choice was made for the classification by
facets. The structure proposed for the organization of the knowledge based on the Document, Processes,
Elements and Basic Materials trees for a small building company has enabled the relation to be made
among Materials, Services and Suppliers. A real example was used based on the quality documents
obtained from one company. Later, other documents used by the company may be included. This will
allow for the registration of experiences. The organized and integrated knowledge originated from a
classification structure can work as a professional habilitation/updating tool, capable of integrating the
knowledge of the area under consideration. Moreover, it can contribute to the strengthening of the
technical history of the company and work as a channel to disseminate this knowledge to its
collaborators.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Having stated that the non-integration of the construction supply chain hinders the creation and
improvement of value for money in the construction process. Specifically the recommendations are
anchored on collaboration and supply chain management. The recommendations include: * Ensuring the
early involvement of key project team members that have expert knowledge so that an appropriate level
of client satisfaction and value can be defined; * Establishing of subcontractor and supplier relationships
by selecting teams based on value rather than lowest price; * Integrating pre-construction and
construction activities and adopting common processes such as ICT; * Managing the project parameters
of cost, schedule, quality, and H&S in unison; * Working together as a team to agree mutual goals and
devise dispute resolution mechanisms; * Developing and monitoring continuous improvement
programmers; * Developing and implementing sound risk management processes; * Dealing with risks
and rewards equitably by using modern commercial arrangements such as collaborative contract forms,
target cost and open book accounting; * Using non-adversarial forms of contract and ensuring that
contractual relationships are appropriate for expected project objectives; * Using cost-plus and design
and build forms on contract and deemphasizing the use of management contracting as well as traditional
forms of contracting and * Mobilizing and developing people in order to ensure employee satisfaction
through integrated teams.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hinks, J., Aouad, G., Cooper, R., Sheath, D., Kagioglou, M. and Sexton, M. (1997) IT and The Design
and Construction Process: A Conceptual Model of Co-Maturation, The international journal of
construction IT, July

Construct IT report. (1995) Occasional Paper No. 1: A Process-Based Study of an IT Research Work
Plan, University of Salford.
Hughes, W. (1991) Modelling the Construction Process Using Plans of Work, Construction Project
Modelling and Productivity - Proceedings of the International Conference CIB W65, Dubrovnik.Glaser,
E.M. & Backer, T.E. (1973). A Look at Participant Observation, Evaluation, 1: 3: 46-49.

Banwell, H. (1964) Report of the Committee on the Placing and Management of Contracts for Building
and Civil Engineering Works, HMSO.
Love, P.E.D., Smith, J., Treloar, G. and Li, H. (2000a). Some empirical observations of service quality in
construction. Engineering Construction and Architectural Management