SLIIT

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME3060
Fluid Flow Modelling
Semester 2 2015
Tutorial: Practice Problems 3

Problem 1 Water at 15 C ( = 999.1 kg/m3 , = 1.138 103 kg/m.s) is flowing steadily in a 30 m long,
40 mm diameter horizontal stainless steel pipe at the rate of 8 L/s. Assuming the friction factor f = 0.01573,
L U2
and p = f
, determine the following:
D 2
(a) The pressure drop and the head loss.
(b) The pumping power required to overcome this pressure drop.
Problem 2 Air flows through a convergent-divergent nozzle isentropically. The temperature and pressure of
air at the inlet plane are 284 K and 1.013 bar respectively. At the inlet of the nozzle, the velocity is 150 m/s.
The inlet area is 10 cm2 . The temperature of air at the exit plane of the nozzle is 220 K. The flow at the exit
of the nozzle is supersonic. For this flow situation in the convergent-divergent nozzle, calculate the following
quantities:
(a) Mach number at the inlet
(b) Stagnation temperature and pressure
(c) Temperature and pressure at the throat
(d) Velocity and Mach number at the exit
(e) Area of the throat
Information Provided:
Assume the air to be a perfect gas for which the equation of state can be written as p v = R T with R =
287 J/kg.K and = 1.4.
T0
1
=1+
Ma2 ,
T
2

p0
=
p

1
1+
Ma2
2

/1
,

Ma =

U
RT

Problem 3 In a two-dimensional incompressible flow, the fluid velocity components are given by u = x 4y
and v = y 4x. Show that the flow satisfies the continuity equation, and obtain the expression for the stream
function. If the flow is potential, obtain also the expression for the velocity potential.
Problem 4 A submarine can be assumed to have the shape of a cylinder, having a diameter of 6 m, and a
length of 55 m. When fully submerged, it cruises at a velocity of 8 m/s in sea water. Determine the total power
required to overcome the boundary layer friction drag.
Information Provided:
Cf =

0.455
,
[log10 ReL ]2.58

D = 0.5 Cf U 2 A

Properties of sea water: = 106 m2 /s and = 1030 kg/m3

Problem 5 Water at 20 C flows with a velocity U = 1m/s past a fixed horizontal flat plate of length L = 1m
in the flow direction. A turbulent boundary layer starts to develop from the leading edge (x = 0). Obtain the
boundary layer thickness , displacement thickness , and the wall shear stress w , at the trailing edge (x = L).
Assume a 1/7th power law turbulent velocity profile within the boundary layer.
Information Provided:

0.382
=
, =
1/5
x
Rex

 y 1/7
0.0594 u
u
w
1
=
,
=
= /7
dy , Cf =
1/5
2
U
0.5 U
U

Rex

Properties of water at 20 C: = 106 m2 /s and = 999 kg/m3

Answers
1a/ p = 238.85 kPa and hL = 24.37 m
1b/ P = 1.91 kW
2a/ Ma1 = 0.444
2b/ T0 = 295.2 K and p0 = 115.985 kPa
2c/ Tt = 246 K and pt = 61.27 kPa
2d/ U2 = 388.6 m/s and Ma2 = 1.307
2e/ At = 6.83 cm2
3/ = 2x2 2y 2 + xy and = (x2 y 2 )/2 4xy
4/ P = 476.54 kW
5/ = 24.1 mm, = 3.01 mm and w = 1.87 N/m2