Development of Biofuel/

Green Energy in Indonesia :

Plan and Strategy

By
Komara Djaja
The Coordinating Ministry of
Economic Affairs

Workshop on Mainstreaming Policies and Investment in Low

Carbon : Opportunities for New Approaches to Investment and
Flexible Mechanism
30-31 August, Bangkok
UNCC
1. Background
• Problem with fossil fuel
– Reserve is not unlimited
– Price rocketing
– Indonesia; 40% diesel fuel imported
– Carbon emission
• Energy Alternative-Non Fossil
– Bio energy/Green energy:
• Relatively abundant sources
• Technological process relatively manageable for
country like Indonesia.
– Other non fossil fuels:
• Solar energy, hydro power, geothermal, wind,
nuclear
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 2. The potential sources of energy
PRODUCTION
FOSSIL FUEL RESERVE PROVEN RESERVE RASIO
(Year)

Oil 86,9 billion barrel 9 billion barrel 500 m barrel 18

Gas 384.7 TSCF 188 TSCF 3.0 TSCF 62

Coal 57 billion ton 19,3 billion ton 130 m ton 147

ENERGY INSTALL
RESERVE EQUIVALENT UTILIZATION
NON FOSSIL CAPACITY
Hydro 845,00 m BOE 75,67 GW 6.851,00 GWh 4.200,00 MW

Geothermal 219,00 m BOE 27,00 GW 2.593,50 GWh 800,00 MW

Micro hydro 458,75 MW 458,75 MW 84,00 MW

Biomass 49,81 GW 302,40 MW

Solar 4,80 kWh/m2/day 8,00 MW

Wind 9,29 GW 0,50 MW

Uranium (Nuclear) 3 GW u/ 11 yr
24.112 Ton*
* Only : Kalan - Kalbar 2
Some Location of Non-Fossil Energy
PL T Surya

PL T Arus Laut

PL T Bayu PL T Ombak Pantai

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 Energy Mix Targeted 2025

Presidential Decree no 5/2006

Energy MIX 2005 Targeted Energy MIX 2025#

Hydro Biofuel 5%
3.4%
Geo Geothermal 5%
thermal Coal
Gas Coal 33%
1.4%
14.1% Nuclir
26.5% Biomass
Others
7% Hydro
others
Gas Solar
0.2% Wind
30% Oil
Coal
20%
Oil
54.4%

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Indonesia green energy action plan

• Bio energy/Green energy

– Pro growth
– Pro jobs
– Pro poor

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Action plan (continue)

• Five critical issues:

– Availability of land
– Technology to process raw materials in to bio-
fuel
– Infrastructure
– Marketing channel and distribution
– Financing

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Biofuel/Green fuel
• Raw materials; coconut, palm oil,
cassava, sugar tree, jatropha curcas, etc.

• Three kind of biofuel according to

rawmaterials and processing:
– Bio oil
– Bio diesel
– Bio ethanol
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 continue

• Bio-oil (pure plant oil) directly use to

reduce the fuel/solar consumption in
industria use; O-10, O-15, etc.
• Biodiesel, define as above ; e.g. B-10.
• Bioethanol, define as above; e.g. E-
10.
• In 2010 biofuel targeted minimal
10% of the to total fossil fuel
consumption.

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 Targeted 10% biofuel in 2010
FOSSIL FUEL

TRANSPORTATION ELECTRICITY KEROSENE

(31,7 m kL) (7,6 m kL) (10 m kL)

3,8 m kL 1 m kL
PREMIUM SOLAR
(18,529 m kL) (12,4 m kL)
4,8 m kL
1,85 m kL 1,24 m kL

BIODIESEL BIO OIL ( PPO )

BIOETANOL
140 rb Ton ? rb Ton
6,8 m Ton 21,12 m Ton
12 m Ton 27.75 m Ton

600 rb ha 350 rb ha 3,4 m ha 4,2 m ha

molasses JATROPHA
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CASSAVA PALM OIL
 Job creation
BIOETANOL : 1.85 m kL BIODIESEL : 1.24 m kL

12 m Ton
27,75 m Ton 6,8 m Ton 140 rb Ton

CASSAVA molasses CPO JATROPHA

600 ths ha 350 ths ha 3,4 m ha
Land: marjinal 4,2 m ha
Land: moderate, Land: moderate, fertile, Land: marjinal
,loose fertile banyak hujan

Employment Employment Employment Employment

std : 2 person/ha std : 2 person/ha std : 1 person/ha std : 0.5 /ha
total : 1,2 m person total : 0,7 m person total : 3,4 m person total : 2,1 m person

for raw materiel Jatropha:

7440 factory @ 1.5 ton/day
1240 factory @ 10 ton /day
124 factory @ 100 ton/day

Consuct : For raw materiel Sawit :

128 factory @ 60 kL/day Î 8 person/factory 12400 factory @ 1.5 ton/day Î 8 person/factory
43 factory @ 180 kL /day Î 120 person/factory 2060 factory @ 10 ton /day Î 20 person/factory 10
26 factory @ 300 kL/day Î 240 person/factory 206 factory @ 100 ton/day Î 80 person/factory
 Targeted biofuel consumption in
2010 (milion KL)

BIOETANOL BIODIESEL BIO-OIL

2006 1,71 2006 1,19 2006 4,83

2007 1,75 2007 1,20 2007 4,93
2008 1,78 2008 1,22 2008 5,02
2009 1,82
2009 1,23 2009 5,12
2010 1,85
2010 1,24 2010 5,23

Source : Dept. Energy

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Some advantages of biodiesel
• Renewable energy resource
• Environmental Friendly:
Sulfur Emisis ( Cox ) low
• Cetan number high
• Viskositas high
• No need machine modification
• No need new infrastucture

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Biodiesel plant in Indonesia
No Owner Capacity, ton/yr Location Status

1 BPPT 450 (1.5 t/d) Serpong Active

2 Pemda Riau - BPPT 3.000 (8 t/d) Riau 2006 Active
3 BPPT 1.000 (3 t/d) Serpong 2006 Active
4 PT Energi Alternatif 300 (1 t/d) Jakarta Active
5 PPKS Medan 300 (1 t/d) Medan Active
6 ITB 300 (1 t/d) Bandung Active
7 PT RAP 180 (0.6 t/d) Jakarta Active
8 PT Astra Agro 1.500 (5 t/d) Medan 2006 Active
9 PT Eterindo 30.000 – 70.000 Gresik Active
10 PT Indobiofuels 150.000 Dumai 2009 Active
11 PT Wilmar Energi 252.000 Dumai 2009 Active
12 PT Asianagro 100.000 Jakarta 2009 Active
Program Aksi Menko Ekuin
1 BPPT 3 x 450 Jabar, Sumbar, Jambi 2006 Active
2 Deperin 4 x 6.000 2006 Active

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Bioethanol Plant
Biomassa (Kg) Sugar Content Bioetanol Biomassa /
(Kg) (L) Bioetanol

Cassava 1000 240-300 166.6 6.5:1

Sweet Potates 1000 150-200 125 8:1

Corn 1000 600-700 400 2.5:1

Sago 1000 120-160 90 12:1

Molases 1000 450-520 250 4:1

Cane 1000 110 67 15:1

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 Production planning of biethanol
Yr Firm Location Capacity Total Supply
( kl ) ( kl )
2006 PT. Molindo Raya Jatim 10.000 10.000

2007 BPPT Lampung 2.000 12.000

2008 PT. Indo Lampung Distilery Lampung 20.000
PT. Medco Etanol Lampung 22.000
PT. Molindo Raya Jatim 40.000 94.000
2009 PT. Molindo Raya Lampung 40.000
PT. Etanol Indonesia Banten 35.000
Sampoerna Group - 60.000 229.000
2010 PT. Indo Acidatama Lampung 50.000 279.000

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Rule and regulation:
• Presidential decree no 5/2006 on National Energy
Policy
• Presidential instruction no 1/2006 on Biofuel
• Indonesia biodiesel standard (BSN no 73/2006)
• DG -oil and gas decree non 3675/2005 on biodiesel
spesification (FAME/fatty acid methyl ester)
• PERTAMINA (20 May 2006) begin selling O-5
(Biosolar) in Jakarta
• PERTAMINA (12 August) begin selling E-5
(bioetanol) in Surabaya

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THANK YOU

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