POWER SYSTEMS ECB3153

ASSIGNMENT :
SMART MICRO-GRID IMPLEMENTATION IN UTP
CAMPUS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

NAME

: MUHAMMAD SAFWAN BIN MOHAMED MASARIK

MATRIC ID

: 18226

DATE OF SUBMISSION : 18TH NOVEMBER 2015

INTRODUCTION
What is Micro grid and Smart grid ?

Microgridisasmallenergysystemcapableofbalancingcaptivesupplyanddemand
resourcestomaintainstableservicewithinadefinedboundary.Microgridscombinevarious
distributedenergyresources(DER)toformawholesystemthat'sgreaterthanitsparts.

Smartgridisamodernizedelectricalgridthatusesinformationandcommunications
technologytogatherandactoninformation,suchasinformationaboutthebehavioursof
suppliersandconsumers,inanautomatedfashiontoimprovetheefficiency,reliability,
economics,andsustainabilityoftheproductionanddistributionofelectricity.Transmission
andoperations:wideareamonitoring,controlandprotection.

Defining Smart Micro Grid

- Smart microgrids are modern, small-scale versions of todays huge
centralized electricity system. Like a centralized grid, microgrids can
generate, distribute and regulate the flow of electricity to consumers.
- They also can be networked with one another as well as with the central
grid to increase capacity, reliability and efficiency.

Objective of Smart Micro Grid

(Cited from Galvin Electric Initiative. (2015). Smart Microgrids.
Retrieved from
http://www.storagealliance.org/sites/default/files/whystorage/Galvin_Sma
rtMicroGrids.pdf )

Smart microgrids increase reliability.

Microgrids can be connected to one another and to the larger grid, which allows them
to back each other up and back up the central grid when power demand and cost
are highest.This would lead to fewer rolling blackouts and brownouts during times of
peak demand, like hot summer days. Smart technology such as sensors and automated
switches enable many of the problems that cause blackouts to be avoided entirely, or
at worst, restricted to much smaller areas. The resulting reliability and energy
efficiency dollar savings to consumers are typically at least four times the cost of
implementing a smart microgrid.

Smart microgrids make it easier to efficiently meet growing

consumer demand.
-

As Humans dependence on electricity for everything from entertainment to

automobile travel increases, there are no signs that the rising demand for power will
level of Microgrids allow local communities, neighborhoods and even individual
buildings to increase electricity supply quickly through relatively local small
generators, rather than having to wait for power companies to build costly centralized
power plants that take much longer to come online.
They also can provide real-time price signals and automatically adjust electricity
usage to most efficiently meet the power needs of each individual consumer.

Smart microgrids make it possible to get the most from clean,

renewable energy.
-

Because smart microgrids include on-site, backup power sources and energy storage,
they have increased flexibility to tap a much wider range of energy sources, including
those that present a challenge for the current centralized system such as wind and
solar
When the sun shines and the wind blows, microgrids can produce power for
themselves and profitably sell the excess to others. When the weather does not
cooperate, the microgrid reverts to stored power or power supplied by the central bulk
grid, or even another microgrid to which it may be connected.

Smart microgrids nurture major technological innovation.

-

Microgrids represent the most consumer-friendly and lowest cost bail-out plan for our
aging electricity infrastructure. They allow us to smarten the grid one piece at a
time.

Local control over the power infrastructure makes a new business model possible
one in which entrepreneurs and their technologies are invited to participate in an open,
competitive market. In addition, because microgrids can be built to optimal scale for
its users whether it is a single building or an entire community networks of
microgrids can be established that provide tailored power service at the
best price to each consumer.
As a result, for the first time, consumers would have control over the price they pay
for electricity, while the electricity producers would have a market-driven incentive
competition to increase the affordability, efficiency and reliability of our power.

DISCUSSION OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SMART MICRO GRID IN UTP

Current Micro Grid in UTP

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS is a small education campus which is powered

up by island microgrid.
ThecampusMicrogridareequippedwithtwogasturbinegeneratorslocatedinGas
DistrictCooling(GDC)plant,UTPmediumvoltagenetworkisalsointerconnectedto
utilitygridTenagaNasionalBerhad(TNB).
ThepowersystemnormallyoperatesinislandmodeandwouldbeconnectedtoTNB
attimesofemergencies.Thehighestrecordedmaximumdemandis7.9MWwith
eachgeneratorcapableofdelivering4.2MW.
Figure1showsasimplifiedsinglelinediagramofUTPdistributionsystem.InGDC
plant,thegeneratorsareconnectedtoUTPandTNBsystemsusing11kV
undergroundcablesatMainIntakeSubstation(MIS)anditsschematicisshownin
Figure2.

Smart Micro Grid Implementation Proposal

-

Smart grid consist of several generating plant to be linked together to a smart analysis
control center. For now UTP had GDC plant which generate electricity from Gas
Turbine and Steam power plant and 5 big size solar panels.
To increase electricity generation, UTP should build 3 more Wind turbine generator as
the campus receives high wind density per year. The location of wind turbine placing
should be at the most high density wind generation in the campus.
Besides, number of solar panels can be increased to 1 panel per hostel blocks. UTP have
at least 30 blocks all around campus which amount to great electricity generation
through solar panel implementation. Malaysia generally have 7 hours of high intensity
sunshine which is from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. This renewable sunshine energy should be
harvested to produce green electrical energy without harming the environment.
Other than that, based on observation, from September till November every year,
Malaysia receives very high amount of rain as it will rain at average 5 days per week.
This renewable rain water should be harvested with simple reservoir storage tanks,
which can be built mechanically and programmed to flush rain water to rotate turbine
generator.
A center Smart grid control center should be constructed in the middle of UTP for
analysis and control system purposes. Each generation of electricity should be recorded
digitally and be send to control room via campus Wireless Wi-Fi internet service.
During holiday weeks, the extra generation of electricity can be linked and sold to TNB.
The extra generation may help to light up blackout rural areas.
The Smart grid must be capable of reporting error and blackouts in service or generation
area to control center for immediate action. Problems encountered can be solved
efficiently.
The figure below shows the example of Smart Grid network which can be implemented
in UTP.