Unit-3

Question Bank
Q.1

A delta connected load draw a current of 15A at lagging P.F. of .85 from 400V, 3-phase,
50Hz supply. Find R & L of each phase.
Ans. 42.98 , 53.7mH

Sol.
Given VP = VL= 400 0
IL = 15A
So IP =

15
3

=8.66A
1

so Ip = 8.66 Cos .85

(lagging load)

= 8.66 31.79 A

ZP =

400 0
VP

46.18 31.79 42.98 j16.87

I P 8.66 31.79
= RP+jXLP

42.98 Ans.

RP =

Lp =

X LP
16.87

2 f 2 50

Q. 2

A balanced 3-phase star connected load of 100 KW takes leading current of 80A, when
connected across 3-phase, 1100V, 50Hz supply. Find component of load per phase.

53.7mH Ans.

Ans. R = 5.2 , C = 532F

Sol.
Given P = 100KW IL = 80A
In case of star connected load IP = IL
IP = IL = 80A & VL = 1100V

IL = IP =

P
3VLCos

Vp=

VL
3

1100

100 103
3 1100 Cos

635V

f = 50Hz

Cos =

100 103
3 1100 80

.656

= 49, Sin = .754

load impedance/phase = VP/IP
=

1100 / 3
7.94
80
R =Z Cos

R = 7.94 .656
R = 5.2 Ans.

XC = Z Sin = 7.94.754 =5.986

Xc =

1
(As leading current is drawn)
2 fC

1
1
=
=
C=
2 fX C
2 50 5.986

532F Ans.

Each phase of star connected load consists of non-inductive resistance of 50 in parallel

with a capacitance of 63.6F. Calculate the line current, total power absorbed, total kVA
and the power factor when this load is connected to a 381 V (line voltage), 3-phase, 50Hz
supply.
Ans. 6.22A, 2.9kW, 4.1kVA, .707

Q.3

Sol.
VL = 381V

381

Vp=

=220 0 = (220+j0)V.
Admittance of each phase is,
Yp=

1
1
+jC=
+j31463.6106= (0.02+j0.02) S
R
50

Hence
Ip = Vp Yp = 220 (0.02+j0.02)=4.4+j4.4=6.22 45 A
Pf=cos = cos45 =

.707 Ans

6.22A Ans
IL=Ip =
Power factor = cos45 = 0.707 leading
Vp= (220+j0)V, Ip = (4.4+j4.4)A
Hence complex power/phase
S = VI*
S = (220+j0) (4.4j4.4)=968j968 = 1369 45 VA
Total apparent power in the 3 phase = 31369 VA =

Total power absorbed in the 3 phase = 3968W =

Q. 4

4.107 kVA Ans.

2.904kW Ans.

Calculate the active and reactive current components in each phase of a star connected,
10,000V, 3 phase alternator supplying 5000 kW at a power factor of 0.8. If the total current
remains the same when the load power factor is raised to 0.9, find the new output.

Ans. 289A, 216A,

5625kW
Sol.
P=

IL =

3 VL I L Cos
P
3VL cos

500 103
3 10, 000 0.8

The active current = IL cos = 361 0.8 =

361A

289 A Ans.

216 A Ans.

The reactive current = IL sin = 361 0.6 =

The new power at 0.9 P.F.
=
Q. 5

5000
0.9 =
0.8

5625kW Ans.

A balanced 3-phase star connected load of 150kW takes a leading current of 100A with a
line voltage of 1100V, 50Hz. Find the circuit constants of the load per phase.
Ans. R = 5 XC= 3.9 , C =
816F

Sol.
Phase impedance
Zp=

Phase Voltage
Phase current
1100
3 100

The Power per phase = RpIp2 =

Rp =

Xp =

11
3

6.35

150 1000
50 103W
3

50 103

100 100

5 Ans.

Z 2 R 2 3.9

The reactive part is capacitive (leading current)

106
C=
F
314 3.9
=

Q. 6

3.9 Ans.

816F Ans.

Three equal star connected inductors take 8kW at power factor 0.8 when connected to
460V, 3 phase, 3 wire supply. Find the line currents if one inductor is short circuited.
Ans. 21.7 83 A, 21.7 157 A, 37.6 53 A

Sol.
P=
I=

3 VL I L Cos
p
3VL cos

8000
3 460 0.8

12.55 A

The phase impedance

=

VP
460

21.16
Ip
3 12.55

(Ip=IL for star connection)

cos = 0.8; = 37
Since Z3 is shorted 3 and N are at the same potential.
The three line voltages as phasors will be
V12 = 460 0
V23 = 460 120
V31= 460 120
Since 3 and N are at the same potential

I1

V13

460 120
21.16 37

21.7 83 A Ans.

= 2.64j21.5 A

I2

V23

460 120
21.16 37

21.7 157 A Ans.

= 19.97j8.48 A

I 3 I1 I 2

(As at N

I1 + I 2 + I 3 = 0)

= 19.97+2.64+j(8.48+21.5) A

= 22.61 + j29.98 =

37.6 53 A Ans.
Ans.AAns.

(i.e.) the three line currents are 21.7A, 21.7A and 37.6 A
Q. 7

The circuit shown in which R = 200 , r = 100 and L = 0.552H is connected to a

symmetrical 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz system at points 1, 2 and 3. Find the p.d. between A, B
and C, when the phase sequence of the supply is (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 1, 3, 2
Ans. (a) 0 , (b) 400

60 V

Sol.

L 314 0.552 173.3

R+j L = 100+j173.3 = 200 60
(R+r)+j L = (200+100) + j173.3 = 346.5 30

Phase 123
V12 = 400 0 V, V23 = 400 120 V, V31= 400 120 V
VAB= (r+j L )I12+RI23
= 200 60

400 120
V12
200
346.5 30
346.5 30

=231 30 231 150

=231 30 231 30
o

0 Ans.

Phase 132
I23=

400 120
V23

1.154 90 A
346.5 30 346.5 30

Hence,
VAB

= 231 30 200 1.154 90

= 231 30 231 90
= 200+j115.5+j231
= 200+j346.5 =

Q. 8

400 60 V Ans.

A 3 wire 3 phase supply feeds a load consisting of three equal resistors. By how much is
the load reduced if one of the resistors be removed (a) when the load is star connected (b)
when the load is delta connected?
Ans.
(a)
50%, (b) 33.3%

Sol.
(a) Star connected
With all three resistors
IL =

The total power = 3RIp2 = 3R

With one resistor removed

VL
3R

=Ip

VL 2 VL 2
.(i)

3R 2
R

Ip =

VL 2
2R

=2RIp2 = 2R

The power

VL 2 VL 2
.(ii)

4R2 2R

This is half of the above.

VL 2 VL 2
VL 2

The reduction in power = R 2 2 R 100 2 R2 100

VL
VL
R
(c) Delta connected
With all three resistors current in each resistor
Ip=

The Power

VP
R

= 3RIp2 = 3R

With one resistor removed

VL 2 3VL 2

(i)
R2
R

50% Ans.

Current in each resistor Ip=

The power

=2RIp2

VL
R

VL 2 2VL 2
= 2R. 2
(ii)
R
R

3VL 2 2VL 2

R 100
Hence reduction in power R
3VL 2
R
Q. 9

VL 2
R 100 =
3VL 2
R

A 3-phase star-connected alternator feeds a 2000 hp delta-connected induction motor

having a P.F. of 0.85 and an efficiency of 0.93. Calculate the current and the active and
reactive components in (a) each alternator phase (b) each motor phase. The line voltage is
2200V.
Ans. (a) 495A, 421A, 261A (b) 286A, 243A,
151A

Sol.
Motor input
=

HP 746

2000 746
1.6 106 Watts
0.93

If IL is the line current we have

3VL I L cos Input

33.3% Ans.

IL =

1.6 106
3 2200 0.85

495A Ans.

Power factor = 0.85 = cos

sin = 0.527
(a) Alternator (star connected)
Phase current

= line current = 495A

Active component

= I cos =

Reactive component

= I sin =

(b) Induction motor (delta connected)

421A Ans.

261A Ans.

Phase current Ip
Active component

Reactive component
Q. 10

495
3

286A Ans.

= Ip cos =

= Ip sin =

243 A Ans.

151 A Ans.

Three star-connected impedances Z1 = 20+j37.7 per phase are connected in parallel with
three delta-connected impedances Z2 = 30j159.3 per phase. The line voltage is 398V.
Find the line current, P.F, Power and reactive volt-amperes taken by the combination.
Ans. 3.36 98 A, .985 lagging, 2284W, 394
VAR

Sol.
The phase voltage
=

398
3

230V

Z1= 20+j37.7 = 42.7 62.05

I1=

230
62.05 5.39 62.05
42.7
= 2.52j4.76 A

Z2 = 30j159.3
The equivalent star impedance

Z2=

Z2
10 j 53.1 54 79.3
3

I2 =

230
79.3 0.79 j 4.19 A
54

The total current

The P.F.

3.36 9.8 A Ans.

I = I1+I2 = 3.31j0.57 =

= cos = cos9.8 =

0.985 lagging Ans.

sin = 0.17

The power

= 3 power per phase

2284W Ans.

= 3 230 3.36 0.985 =

The reactive VA = 3 VI sin
= 3 230 3.36 0.17 =

Q. 11

Prove that P

394 VAR Ans.

= 3PY if load per phase same.

Ans. P
3PY

Sol
Let
VL Line voltage
Rp resistive load per phase
Zp impedance per phase
Then VP = VL / 3
For Y connective
PY = 3VPIP Cos = 3VP

2
P

= 3V

VL2
For

Rp
Z p2
Rp
Z2

VP R p
.
Zp Zp

..(1)

connective

VP = VL

P 3 VP I PCos
= 3 VP .

= 3VL

Rp
VP R p
.
3VP2 2
Zp Zp
Z

Rp
Z p2

V Rp
3 L
2
3 Zp

(2)

By Comparison (1) & (2)

= 3PY Ans.

Q. 12

Three identical coils are connected in star to a three phase 50Hz supply. If the line current
is 10A, total power consumed is 12kW and volt ampere input is 15 KVA, find the line
voltage VL, phase voltage Vp, VAR input, resistance and inductance of each coil.
Ans. 866V, 500V, 9000VAR, 40 , 0.095H

Sol.
IL=10A;

P = 12kW;

cos = p.f.=

kW 12

= 0.8. Hence sin = 0.6.

kVA 15

3I LVL cos

P=

Hence VL=

Vp=

S = 15 KVA

VL

Q=

P
3I L cos
866
3

12 103
3 10 0.8

500 volt. Ans.

3VL I L sin = 3 866100.6 =

Ip=IL=10A; Zp=

Vp
Ip

866 volt. Ans.

9000 VAR Ans.

500V
=50
10 A
40 Ans.

Rp = Zp cos = 500.8 =
Xp= Zp sin = 500.6=30
Inductance/phase is L =

Q. 13

Xp
2 f

30
=
2 50

0.095H Ans.

Three 100 non-inductive resistance are connected in (a) star (b) delta across a 400-V,
50Hz, 3-phase mains. Calculate the power taken from the supply system in each case. In
the event of one of the three resistances getting open-circuited, what would be the value
of total power taken from the mains in each of the two cases?
Ans. 1600W, 4800W, 800W 3200W

Sol.

(i) Star Connection

Vp = 400/ 3 V
Ip=

Vp
Zp

400
3 100

4
3

A IL

cos = 1 as load is non-inductive resistance

P=

3VL I L cos

= 3 400 4 1/ 3

1600W
(1)

(ii) Delta Connection

Vp = 400V ; Rp = 100
Ip = 400 / 100 = 4A
IL = 4 3 A
4800W
P=

3 4004 3 1 =

(2)

When one of the resistors is disconnected

(i) Star Connection
The circuit no longer remains a 3-phase circuit but consists of two 100 resistors in series across a
400-V supply. Current in lines A and C is = 400/200=2A
Power absorbed in both = 2I2Rp = 24100 =

Comparing (3) with (1) it is seen that by

disconnecting one resistor, the power
consumption is reduced by half.

(ii) Delta Connection

In this case, currents in AB and AC remain as
usual 120 out of phase with each other.

800 W

...(3)

Current in each phase = 400/100=4A

3200W

Power consumption in both = 2 42 100 =

..(4)

Comparing (4) with (2) it is seen that when one resistor is disconnected, the power consumption is
reduced by one-third.

Q. 14

A 3-phase, 37.3kW, 440-V, 50Hz induction motor operates on full load with an efficiency of
89% and at a power factor of 0.85 lagging. Calculate the total kVA rating of capacitors
required to raise the full-load power factor at 0.95 lagging. What will be the capacitance
per phase if the capacitors are (a) delta-connected and (b) star-connected?
Ans. 65.79F, 197.4F

Sol.
Motor power input P = 37.3/0.89 = 41.191kW
Power Factor = 0.85 (lag)
cos 1=.85 1= 31.78 tan 1 = .6197
KVR1 = 41.191 tan 1 = 41.191 .6197= 25.52

cos 2 0.95 2 18.2; tan18.2 0.3288

Motor kVAR2 = P tan 2 = 41.1910.3288 = 13.54
The difference in the values of kVAR is due to the capacitors which supply leading kVAR to partially
neutralize the lagging kVAR of the motor.

leading kVAR supplied by capacitors is

=kVAR1kVAR2= 25.5213.54 = 12
Since capacitors are loss-free, their kVAR is the same as kVA

kVA/capacitors = 12/3 = 4 VAR/capacitor=4

(a) In

-connection, voltage across each capacitor is 440V

Current drawn by each capacitor Ic= 4000/440 = 9.09 A

Now,

Ic =

V
V

VC
X c 1 / C

6
C = I c / V 9.09 / 2 50 440 65.79 10 F =

(b) In star connection, voltage across each capacitor is = 440/ 3 V

65.79F Ans.

4000

Current drawn by each capacitor, Ic=

Ic =

V
VC
Xc

440 / 3

15.74 A

or, 15.74

440
3

2 50 C

197.4F Ans.
Or, C =

Q.15

Three impedance coils, each having a resistance of 20 and a reactance of 15 , are

connected in star to a 400-V, 3- , 50Hz supply. Calculate (i) the line current (ii) power
supplied and (iii) the power factor.
If three capacitors, each of the same capacitance, are connected in delta to the same
supply so as to form parallel circuit with the above impedance coils, calculate the
capacitance of each capacitor to obtain a resultant power factor of 0.95 lagging.
Ans. (i) 9.24A (ii) 5,120W (iii) .8, C = 14.32F

Sol.
Zp =

202 152 25

cos 1= Rp/Zp = 20/25 =0.8 lag;

sin 1 = 0.6 lag

When capacitors are not connected

(i) Ip = 400 / 25 3 = 9.24A =IL (star connected load)
(ii) P =

3VL I L cos 1 3 400 9.24 0.8 =

(iii) Power factor =

IL =

9.24A Ans.

5,120 W Ans.

0.8 (lag) Ans.

Motor VAR1 = 3VL I L sin 1 3 400 9.24 0.6 3,840

When capacitors are connected
Power factor cos2 =0.95, 2 =18.2; tan 18.2=0.3288
Since capacitors themselves do not absorb any power, active power remains the same i.e. 5,120 W
even when capacitors are connected, what changes is the VAR.
Now VAR2 = P tan 2 =5120 0.3288=1684
Leading VAR supplied by the three capacitors is

= VAR1 VAR2 = 3840 1684 = 2156 VAR

VAR/Capacitor= 2156/3 = 719
For delta connection,
voltage across each capacitor is 400V Ic = 719/400 = 1.798A
Also Ic =
Q.16

V
VC C 1.798 / 2 50 400 14.32 106 F =
1/ c

14.32F Ans.

A symmetrical 3-phase, 3-wire supply with a line voltage of 173 V supplies two balanced 3phase laods; one Y-connected with each branch impedance equal to (6+j8) ohm and the
other -connected with each branch impedance equal to (18+j24) ohm. Calculate
(i) The magnitudes of branch current taken by each 3-phase load
(ii) the magnitude of the total line current and
(iii) the power factor of the entire load circuit
Draw the phasor diagram of the voltages and currents for the two loads.
Ans. (i) 10A (ii) 20A (iii) 0.6 lag

Sol.
The equivalent Y-load of the given -load is = (18+j24)/3 = (6+j8) . With this, the problem now
reduces to one of solving two equal Y-loads connected in parallel across the 3-phase supply as
shown in (a) Phasor diagram for the combined load for one phase only is given in (b).
Combined load impedance

= (6+j8)/2 = 3+j4
= 5 53.1
Vp = 173/ 3 = 100 V

Ip

100 0
5 53.1

20 53.1 A = IL

Current in each load = 10 53.1 A

(i) branch current taken by each load is

(ii) line current is

10 A Ans.

20 A Ans

(iii) combined power factor = cos 53.1 =

Q.17

0.6 (lag) Ans.

Three identical impedance of 30 30 ohms are connected in delta to a 3-phase, 3-wire,

208 V abc system by conductors which have impedances of (0.8+j0.63) ohm. Find The
magnitude of the line voltage at the load end.
Ans. 109.00
V

Sol.
The equivalent ZY of the given Z

is 30 30 /3 = 10 30 = (8.66+j5) . Hence, the load

connections become as shown in

Zan

= (0.8+j0.6)+(8.66+j5)
= 9.46+j5.6 = 11 30.6

Let

Van

= Vp = 208/

Van

= 120 0 V

3 = 120V

Ian = 120 0 /11 30.6 10.9 30.6 A

Z aa = 0.8+j0.6 = 1 36.87
Voltage drop on line conductors is

Vaa I an Z aa 10.9 30.61 36.87 10.9 6.3 10.83 j1.196 V

Van Van Vaa (120 j 0) (10.83 j1.196)
= 109.17 j1.196

Q.18

109.00 .628 Ans.

A balanced delta-connected load having an impedance ZL= (300+j210) ohm in each phase is
supplied from 400V, 3-phase supply through a 3-phase line having an impedance of Zs =

(4+j8) ohm in each phase. Find the total power supplied to the load as well as the current
and voltage in each phase of the load.
Ans. 1158.2W, 1.78A, 216.9V
Sol.
The equivalent Y-load of the given

-load is

= (300+j210)/3 = (100+j70)

Zs = 4+j8 = 8.94 63.4 = Z aa

Hence, connections become as shown in

Z a0 (4 j8) (100 j 70) 104 j 78 130 36.9

Va0 400 / 3 231 V

I a0 231 0 /130 36.9

1.78 36.9 A Ans.

Line drop Vaa I ao Z aa 1.78 36.9 8.94 63.4 15.9 26.5 14.2 j7.1 V
216.9 1.87 Ans.
o

Vao Vao Vaa (231 j 0) (14.2 j 7.1) = (216.8j7.1) =

Phase voltage at load end, Vao = 216.9V
Phase current at load end, Ia0 = 1.78A
1158.8 W Ans.
Power supplied to load = 3 1.78216.9=
Incidentally, line voltage at load end Vac = 216.9 3 = 375.7V
Q. 19

Two wattmeters are used for measuring the power input and the power factor of an overexcited synchronous motor. If the reading of the meters are (2.0kW) and (+7.0 kW)
respectively, calculate the input and power factor of the motor.
Ans. 5kW, .305

Sol.

tan 3

(W1 W2 )
W1 W2

W1 = 2kW
W2 = 7kW

tan 3

(2 7)
9
3
3.1176
2 7
5

tan 1 (3.1176) 72.2(lead )

cos cos 72.2

.305(lead ) Ans.

Input W1 W2 2 7

Q.20

5kW Ans.

A wattmeter reads 5.54 kW when its current coil is connected in R phase and its voltage
coil is connected between the neutral and the R phase of a symmetrical 3-phase system
supplying a balanced load of 30 A at 400 V. What will be the reading on the instrument if
the connection to the current coil remain unchanged and the voltage coil be connected
between B and Y phases? Take phase sequence RYB. Draw the corresponding phasor
diagram.
Ans. 7.2kW

Sol.

As seen from
W1=VRIR cos
Or

5.54103 =(400/ 3)30cos

cos =0.8,sin =0.6

In the second case
W2=VYBIR cos (90 ) 400 30 sin 400 30 0.6 =

7.2kW Ans.