Design of Composite Steel-Concrete

Structures to EC4 using Excel

Spreadsheets
Chiew Sing-Ping
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Nanyang Technological University
10 April 2015

EC4 Design Spreadsheets

Composite beam
Composite column

Concrete-encased composite column

Concrete-filled rectangular tube (CFT)
Concrete-filled circular tube (CFT)

Composite slab

Bondek II
Powerdek
RF55

How to use the spreadsheets?

Check whether spreadsheets apply to your design
Select material in designated area
Input data in designated area
Generate results
Check results

Example of Composite beam

How to design a simply supported composite beam
using the excel spreadsheet ?
beff
130mm

hc

hp= 55 mm
ha

Design data
Span length: 6 m, Bay width: 3 m
Slab depth: ht = 130 mm
Properties of materials
Structural steel:
Grade S275 fy = fyd = 275 N/mm2 Ea = 210 kN/mm2
Concrete:
C25/30
fck = 25 N/mm2 fcd = 16.7 N/mm2 Ecm = 3.1 kN/mm2
Reinforcement:
fsk = 500 N/mm2 fsd = 435 N/mm2
Shear connectors:
19 mm studs with 95 mm height fu = 450 N/mm2 one stud per trough
Profiled steel sheeting:
RF55 fyp = 550 N/mm2 t = 1.0 mm

Properties of the IPE A 270 steel section

bf=135 mm, ha=267 mm, tf= 8.7 mm, tw=5.5 mm, Aa= 39.2 cm2, W pl = 412.5 cm3,
Ia = 4917 cm4

Loadings
Self-weight of slabs:
The concrete wet density is 2400 kg/m3, dry density is 2350 kg//m3. The
volume of concrete in composite slab is 0.125 m3/m2 , self-weight of
decking is 0.14 kN//m2. Then,

g k 1 = 0.125 9.81 2400+0.14 3 = 9.25 kN/m

The loadings for composite beam spacing of 3 m are given in Table

Construction stage
Self-weight of composite slab
Self-weight of steel beam
Construction load
Total
Composite stage
Self-weight of composite slab
Self-weight of steel beam
Floor finishes
Imposed load
Total

Characteristic Load (kN/m)

ULS loading (kN/m)

9.25
0.3
2.25
11.8

12.49
0.41
3.38
16.27

9.07
0.3
3
15
27.37

12.24
0.42
4.05
22.5
39.19

Verification of construction stage

The total load in construction stage is 16.27 kN/m, then
Bending moment at mid-span is:

qL2 16.27 62
M Ed =
=
= 73.2 kN m
8
8
The design vertical shear is:

VEd =

qL 16.27 6
=
= 48.8 kN
2
2

The plastic moment resistance of steel beam is:

M pl,a,Rd =Wpl f yd 412.5 275 103 113.44 kN m

Check: Mpl,a,Rd > MEd
It is ok.

Verification of construction stage

The total load in serviceability limit state is 9.55 kN/m, then
The maximum deflection is:

5 wL4
=
=15.61 mm
384 Ea I ay
Allowable deflection is: = min( 1 L;30 mm) 30 mm
200

Check deflection:

<

It is ok.

qL2 9.55 62
=
= 42.98 kN m
The mid-span bending moment is: M Ed =
8
8
M Ed
2

=
=116.69
N/mm
Maximum bending stress is
max
Wel,y
max f y
Check stress:
It is ok.
The section is still in elastic region at the end of construction.
All design checks are OK at both the ultimate limit state and the
serviceability limit state.

Verification for composite stage

Cross-section classification:

=
Flange:

Web:

235
235
=
= 0.92
fy
275

c
= 5.72 < 9 = 8.32
tf
d
= 39.93 < 72 = 66.56
tw

The flange and the web is Class 1, therefore the cross-section is Class 1
Effective width of concrete flange
Single line of shear studs, therefore, nr = 1, b0 = 0
The effective width of compression flange of the composite beam

beff = b0 +

ei

= 0 + 2 Le /8 = 2 6/8 =1.5 m

The design shear resistance of headed studs

19mm headed stud, d = 19 mm, hsc = 95 mm, fu = 450 N/mm2, then,

hsc 95
= =5 > 4 so, = 1.0
d 19
Then,
PRd,1

PRd.2

0.8 f u d 2 4

0.8 450 3.14 192 /4

=
10-3 =81.61 kN
1.25

0.29 d 2 f ck Ecm

0.29 1.0 192 25 31000

=
10-3 =73.73 kN
1.25

For sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam, the reduction factor is:

0.7 b0
kt =
nr hp

hsc

1 1.2 k t max = 0.85

hp

The design shear resistance of headed studs is

PRd = k t,max min(PRd1 ; PRd2 ) = 62.67 kN

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Degree of shear connection

Number of shear connectors for half span: n = 15
Total resistance of shear connectors is:

N q = nPRd 940 kN
Compression resistance of concrete slab is:

N cf = 0.85 f cd beff hc = 1593.75 kN

Tensile resistance of steel beam is

N pl,a = Aa f yd 1078 kN
Degree of shear connectors is
Nq
=
0.87 1.0
min(N cf , N pl,a )

partial shear connection

Checking the condition of minimum degree of partial shear connection

L 25m;

Then,
It is ok.

min

355
1
0.75-0.03Le , 0.4
f
y

min = 0.4
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Verification of bending resistance (plastic moment resistance)

Total loads (factored load used for ULS) is 39.19 kN/mm2
The mid-span bending moment is

M Ed = wL2 / 8 = 176.37 kNm

The design vertical shear is:

VEd = wL / 2 = 117.58 kN
As Nc,f > Npl,a, P.N.A in concrete slab.
The depth of plastic neutral xpl measured from the upper surface of the slab is

xpl = N pl,a / (beff 0.85 f cd ) 50.73 mm hc 75 mm

The moment resistance in full shear connection is

M pl,Rd = N pl,a 0.5ha hc hp 0.5 xpl 256.71 kNm

Plastic moment resistance of steel section is

M pl,a,Rd = Wpl f yd =113.44 kNm

Interpolation method:
The resistance moment MRd with partial shear connection is

M Rd = M pl,Rd M pl,a,Rd M pl,a,Rd 238.38 kNm > M Ed

It is ok.
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Verification of vertical shear

The shear area of steel section is

Av = Aa - 2btf + (tw +2r )tf 1879.85 mm 2

The shear resistance is

Vpl,a,Rd = Av f yd / 3

= 298.5 kN > VEd

It is ok.

hw / tw =39.93 72 / = 66.56
So, verification for shear buckling is not required.

VEd / Vpl,a,Rd 0.39 0.5

So, reduction to bending resistance is not required.

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Longitudinal shear resistance

The plastic longitudinal shear stresses is

vEd =

Nq
2hf L / 2

=2.09 N/mm 2

To prevent crushing of the compression struts in the concrete flange, the

following condition should be satisfied, assuming f= 45:

0.6 1 f ck / 250 = 0.54

vEd f cd sin f cos f =4.5 N/mm 2

It is ok.
Continuous profiled decking with ribs perpendicular to the beam span

Asf f yd / sf vEd hf /cotf

the area of transverse reinforcement per unit length is

Asf / sf vEd hf /f yd cot f =360.36 mm 2 /m

The reinforcement is 10 mm bars at 200mm c/c spacing
The reinforcement provided per unit length is
It is ok.

As/ss= 393 mm2/m

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Deflection
The modular ratio for variable loading is n0, and the modular ratio for permanent
load is around 3n0. But, for simplicity, creep will be allowed for by using n = 2n0
for all loading.

n 2n0 =2Ea /Ecm =13.55

Distance from the top surface of the concrete slab to centre of area
zg =ha /2+ht =263.5 mm

The second moment of area of the composite section is calculated. Assuming

that the neutral axis depth exceeds hc, the depth of neutral axis is given by:

Aa zg - x =

x=

beff hc x- hc 2

Aa zg + beff hc2

2n

Aa + beff hc n

=109.98 mm > h c

Then, the second moment of area of the section is

I = I a Aa zg - x + beff hc /n hc2 / 12 ( x hc / 2) 2 189 106 mm 4

2

15

The mid-span deflection of steel beam is:

5 g1 L4
=
= 15.61 mm
384 Ea I a
The mid-span deflection of composite beam is

5 g 2 L4
=
= 11.63 mm
384 Ea I

The total deflection is:

= 27.24 mm
Allowable deflection is:

=L / 200 30 mm
Check:

It is ok.

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Spreadsheets of Composite beam

Procedure
Check whether spreadsheets apply to you design

Choose steel/concrete grade

Select material in designated area

Input data in designated area

assumptions

Input data

Generate result
Check results

Ok or Recalculate

17

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check whether the spreadsheet is applicable to your
design based on the following restrictions.

Restrictions:
Simply-supported beam

Internal beam
Sheeting with ribs transverse to the
supporting beam (cross-beam)

Equal concrete flange

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Select Material in designated area
Choose the
steel grade

19

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Select Material in designated area
Choose the steel
cross-section

20

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Select Material in designated area
Choose
concrete grade

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Input data in designated area

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Input data in designated area

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Input data in designated area

Transverse reinforcement

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Generate Result

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

Verification for construction stage

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Verification for composite stage

27

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

Ok

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

29

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

30

Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

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Spreadsheets of Composite beams

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

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Worked Example of Composite Column

bc

cy

cy

cz
tw

tf

hc

cz

33

Design Data
Column length: Ly= Lz = 5.0m
Design axial force: NEd = 2500kN with permanent load NG,Ed = 1500kN
Design bending moment about y-y axis: My,Ed,top = 80 kNm, My,Ed,bot = 0 kNm
Design bending moment about z-z axis: Mz,Ed,top = 30 kNm, Mz,Ed,bot = 0 kNm
Material
Structural steel: Grade S355, 254254 UC 89
Concrete: C25/30
Reinforcement: fsk = 500 N/mm2, 4 bars, diameter d=20mm
Shear connector: fu = 450 N/mm2, d=19mm, hsc = 95mm
Properties of cross-section:
Concrete depth: hc = 350 mm
Concrete width: bc = 350 mm
Concrete cover: c = 30 mm
Additional factors
creep coefficient (t0)=3
= 0.34 for buckling curve b, = 0.49 for buckling curve c
Ke = 0.6, Ke,II =0.5, Ko = 0.9
c= 0.85

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Spreadsheets of Composite column

Check whether the spreadsheet could apply to you
design based on assumptions

Restrictions on simplified method:

Columns: doubly symmetrical & uniform cross section
Steel contribution ratio 0.2 0.9
Non-dimensional slenderness
Steel reinforcement area 0.3% As/Ac < 0.6%
Depth to width ratio 0.2 < hc/bc <5.0
Concrete cover minimum: 40mm

maximum: cz = 0.3hc & cy = 0.4bc

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Spreadsheets of Composite column

Select Material in designated area
Choose the
steel grade

36

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Select Material in designated area

Choose the steel

cross-section

37

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Select Material in designated area
Choose
concrete grade

38

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Input data in designated area

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Input data in designated area

40

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Spreadsheets of Composite column

Input data in designated area

41

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Input data in designated area

42

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Input data in designated area

43

Spreadsheets of Composite column

Generate Result
Check Result

OK or Recalculate

Under Axial Compression

Under Biaxial Bending

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Spreadsheets of Composite column

Check Result

OK or Recalculate

Shear

Shear connectors

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Worked example of Composite slab

Composite slab

Bondek II

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Design Data
Span: L = 3.0m
Depth: ht = 130 mm
Material

Concrete: C20/25
Concrete wet density, wc =2400 kg/m3
Concrete dry density, c =2350 kg/m3
Volume of concrete vc = 0.125 m3/m2
Reinforcement: fsk = 500 N/mm2
Properties of profiled sheeting:
Depth of decking: hp = 54 mm
Yield strength: fyp=550 N/mm2 (G550)
Thickness: tp=1.0 mm
Width of Per rib: bs = 200 mm, b0 = 168 mm
Effective steel area: Ap=1678 mm2/m
Second moment of area: Ip=64.1x104mm4/m
Plastic bending resistance: Mpa=9.18 kNm/m
Distance of centroid above base: e = 15.6mm
Characteristic resistance to vertical shear: Vpa=39.5 kN/m
For resistance to longitudinal shear: m =184N/mm2, k = 0.0530N/mm2
For partial-interaction design: u,Rd =0.2448N/mm2
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Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Select Material in designated area
Choose
concrete grade

48

Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Input data

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Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Input data

M-k method

N/mm2

N/mm2

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Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Input data
mm

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Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Check Result
Construction stage

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Spreadsheets of Composite slab

Check Result
Composite stage

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