DIGESTI PACE In the fish

By:
Name
NIM
The group
Group
Assistant

: Novi Ariyanti
: B1J012205
:I
:I
: Ivan Aprianto

CONSOLIDATED PRACTICUM PHYSIOLOGY ANIMALS I

MINISTRY of education and culture

JENDERAL SUDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY of BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2013

I.
1.1.

DISCUSSION

Background
Nutrient is mixed with all kinds of material food that are usually called raw

materials or materials and is a component that is very important in the growth

animals. Fish Feeds might be a vegetable fats that is processed or in such a
manner so easy to eat, and absorbed by the body of fish. Nutrition that contained
in livestock feed has arranged to meet nutrient value fish and fish can make
growth with good (Kimball, 1983).
Digesti is the process of the destruction nourishment macro molecules to
substances that dissolved micro molecules so easily absorbed these foods and
then used in the process of metabolism. Based on equipments used, digesti
happened mechanical and chemical. Digesti mechanics are done in order to
break down food than use their teeth or muscle system. In various animal digesti
mechanical this happened in his mouth or in all along the channel digesti in a
cavity. Digesti protease enzyme (chemical involved, lipase, karbohidrase) as a
catalyst to speed up the process (Yuwono, 2001).
The process digesti needed time to digest the food or called at the rate
digesti. These heavy equipments digestive system consists of two channels that
digestive glands and the digestive tract. The process digesti that happened in the
stomach can be measured in the knowledge stomach emptiness pace. Affected
by high temperatures, the speed digesti also influenced by feeds that will be
consumed. For in livestock feed that will be consumed by fish there are many
womb-mineral content that will be absorbed by intestines fish, through digestive
system that has taken place for fish consuming feeds. Fish feeds is varied will
affect quickly slow pace digesti or rapid stomach emptiness slow pace in a fish.
This is in accordance with the statement (Marshal, 1980), that the rapid pace
increased the stomach digesti, or the energy per unit time by the burning of fish
feeds that should be consumed to obtain the energy.
During this time using a fish Lele (Clarias batrachus). The reason the fish
Lele is because easily, the price at affordable prices, have a quite big stomach
organs so that it is easy to be observed in practicum digesti pace.

1.2.

The goal

The purpose of practicum this time was to see the digesti or stomach
emptiness fish, know the shape empty stomach and contains a livestock feed
and can calculate the rate stomach emptying the contents.

2. MATERIALS and METHODS

2.1.

Matter
As well as the tools that used in practicum is an aquarium glass of 30 x 50

x 30 cm as many as four surgical instruments, in weight, analytical, screening,

tweezers, scissors and as regards.

The

materials

dugunakan

in

practicum

is Ikan (Clarias

batrachus), pelet, and water.

2.2.
How to work
1. Aquarium is prepared and filled with water as high as 25 cm, then given
aeration.
2. Fish feeds given as much as 2.5 percent from weight total body of the fish
and fish left to consume feeds for 15 to 20 minutes .
3. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium and done surgery to take
stomach fish, after stomach taken will be done considering to know the
stomach. The stomach , as the weight stomach in being full or zero hour
after meal .
4. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium another after 30 minutes the
livestock feed and done surgical procedures such as above. The
weight advanced stomach by percentage is reflected in the stomach in 30
minutes after eating the weight of stomach at the time were satisfied.
5. All the fishes taken on one of the aquarium another after 60 minutes the
livestock feed and done surgical procedures such as above. The
weight advanced stomach by percentage is reflected in the stomach in 60
minutes after eating the weight of stomach at the time were satisfied.
6. Observation Data diplotkan graphics in the form relationship
between observation with a percentage point values stomach.

III.

RESULTS and DISCUSSION

3.1. Result
Table observation pace Digesti Ikan ( Clarias batrachus)
0 Minutes
Present
Present
on (g)
on (%)
0.51
100

30 Minutes
By
By (%
(g)
)
0.37
72.55

No
.

Group

1.

2.

0.71

100

0.75

3.

0.81

100

4.

0.68

100

60 Minutes
Bz (g)

Bz (%)

0.39

76.4

105

0.37

52

0.87

107

86

1.148

169

0.7
0.641
9

94

5.

Note:
Bx (g)
Present on (%)
By (g)
By (%)
Bz (g)
Bz (%)

0.6

100

0.62

103

0.66

110

: Bobot stomach first 0 minutes

: The percentage point values stomach 0 minutes
: Bobot stomach 30 minutes
: The percentage point values stomach 30 minutes
: Bobot stomach 60 minutes
: The percentage point values stomach 60 minutes

Counting result weight Stomach Ikan (Clarias batrachus) Group 6

Time: 0 minutes
PERCENT.

= Present on x 100% = 0.51 x 100% =

Present on

100

0.51

30 Minutes = By x 100% = 0.37 x 100% = 72.55 PERCENT.

Present on
0.51
60 Minutes

= Bz x 100% = 0.39 x 100% = 76.4 percent.

Present on
0.51

Relations between The weight Graphics stomach and Time Watching The group I
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
Group 1Stomach
2nd Group
Weight
fish

0.6

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

0.4
0.2
0
0

30

Time observation ( min )

60

Relations between The weight Graphics stomach and Time observation kElompokI
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3 Column1
The weight stomach fish
0.2
0.1
0
0

30

60

Time observation ( min )

3.2. Discussion
Based on observation group I nutrient that is consumed by fish Lele
(Clarias batrachus) before given feeds pelet (0 min), , severe stomach
of 0.51 percentage 100%, then after 30 minutes are livestock feed and severe
stomach that increased by 0.37 percentage with 72.55 percent, and after 60
minutes are left without livestock feed produced by severe stomach with a
percentage of 0.39 76.44 percent. This was not appropriate in accordance
with the verdict (Yuwono, 2001, and that the enough food, the fish will
consume food to meet their energy needs. When the time observation
0 minutes, proved to be fish eat up to 100 percent, but more time
watching his stomach fullness added, the percentage decreases.
Stomach emptiness pace (pace digesti) had been found that
based on the table group 1 , experienced and weight gain stomach,
while 2nd group, 3, 4, and 5, gains and losses weight stomach in 30

minutes after the administration feeds. The experience of increase and

decrease the weight stomach does not in accordance with libraries,
should be more time measurements after having been given livestock
feed, the more weight small stomach. Inaccuracy was can be caused
by factors such as age, gender, reproductive status, the food in the
intestines, stress physiological, aktivitasi, seasons, body size, and
temperatures environment (Yuwono, 2001).
The rate at the fastest pace digesti speed to solve food from the
body of fish from a complex molecules to molecules that are
simple, and then will be absorbed by the body of fish. The process
digesti that happened in the stomach can be measured in the
knowledge stomach emptiness pace. Stomach is a body
organs animals that have a role in digestive system , has a role in
screening food which go into the body, neutralize toxins that are in
food, unuseful which is profitable for the body (Elliot and Elliot,1997).
The rate digesti feeds in general metabolic rate is correlated
with fish. The temperature is optimal for the fish and metabolic rate
fish increased metabolic rate and as well as this should be
compensated with supply , from the neighborhood feeds. General fish
that is poikiloterm, in water temperature increased appetite that fish,
the increase, while if there is a decrease appetite temperature water,
fish also decreased (Siregar, 1995).
Digesti is the process of the destruction nutrients (macro
molecules) to a substance dissolved (micro molecules) so easily
absorbed these foods and then used in the process of metabolism . The
process digesti needs more time in digestion of food. Time needed
to digest food is called the digesti pace. These heavy equipments
digestive system consists of two channels that digestive glands and
the digestive tract. The digestive tract on his mouth, oral cavity mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, pilorus, intestines, rectum, and anus.
While the digestive secretions consists of heart, gall bladder and
pancreas (The examples were, 2004).
The process digesti fish started from the stomach (the fish which has a
stomach) and continued in intestine that will end in a hole exile waste materials.
The process digesti started from the food into his mouth, they are digested

mechanical and helped by the saliva and go to pharynx, esophagus and

accomodated dilambung to digest chemically with the help activated digestive
enzymes. Food that has been a tiny molecules and then entered into the
intestines to process the absorption or absorption , amounting to rectum
and anus to be removed. Digesti result in the form amino acids, fatty acid and
monosaccharide will be absorbed by epithelial intestine then circulated
throughout the body by circulation system (Kay, 1998).
Livestock Feed that should be consumed by fish will experience digesti
process in the digestive system before the nutrition feeds diaborbsi which will be
used for biological process on the body of fish. The process digesti fish on the
digestive system will involve activated digestive enzymes produced by the body.
The result was a digesti amino acids, fatty acid, and monosaccharide that will
diasorbsi by epithelial intestin then scattered throughout the body by circulation
system (Kay, 1998).
Nutrient molecules that great and compound designate molecules
which small and simple so that it can diabsorbsi and are used in animal body
through the process digesti. To solve this molecule took place over the channel
digesti animals. Based on a device used digesti happened mechanical and
chemical that involve enzyme ( protease, lipase, karbohidrase) that have a role
as a catalyst. While feeds component that can be used by the animal called
nutrition, which can be grouped in nutrition macro (protein, fat, carbohydrate )
and nutrition micro- that consists of vitamins and minerals (Yuwono, 2001).
On digestive system food, the food digested designate simpler molecules
are so easily absorbed through the wall intestines and entered into the blood
stream. Digestive System is a process that took place on an ongoing basis.
Capability for the discerning fish feeds raw materials were influenced by several
factors such as chemical, the water, water temperature, the kind of livestock feed,
size, age fish, the nutrient livestock feed, the frequency feeds the physical and
chemical properties, and the number of livestock feed and various digestive
enzymes that was found in the digestive system ability feeds fish in digest food is
very dependent on complete digestive organs and availability digestive enzymes
(Fitriliyani, 2011).
The process digesti affected by performance and organs enzymes in the
body, is also associated with nutrient that is consumed by (Ritchie, 1985). Digesti
process can go on smoothly with the enzymes. Such an enzyme influenced by

factors such as pH and high temperatures. Almost all enzyme is sensitive to pH.
High temperature determine degrees their activities. Production of the enzyme
decreased in the fish with the temperature on appropriate temperature range.
Such an enzyme (per unit enzyme) much more increased with the increase in
temperatures (Zonneveld, 1991). According to Supriyanto et al., (2007) in the
case , the number of normal copper (Cu ) are derived enzymatically necessary
for usually very little. In the state environment that has hampered system enzyme
( enzyme inhibitor), the Cu is found in the network several species of
animal waters of the world that has been very bad regulations of the metal
Connection to the pattern which related to environmental related with
water , a nutritionist fish are well aware a mistake and various difficulties in
determining digestibilitas procedures in vivo. Measurements digestibilitas for
food ingredients that are different, especially in the case proteins, the nucleus
of an experiment is directing evaluation raw materials. Biochemical Engineering
offers a wide range of practical applications, such as a three-step (Alarcon,
2006).

IV.

CONCLUSION

Based on observation that has been done can be concluded that:

1. The rate is the rate at a speed digesti solving food in the body of fish from a
complex molecules to molecules which are more simple, in the form glucose,
fatty acid, gliserol and nutrition and other nutrients.
2. The weight stomach in the fish Lele practicum result from 0 minutes, 30
minutes, and 60 minutes each of which is 0.37 grams;
0.37 grams; and 0.39 gram.
3. Stomach forms that were filled with more stuffed and when pressed beads will
come out food while empty stomach form, thin and small.

REFERENCE LIST
Alarcon, F. J and F. J. Moyano. 2006. Studies on digestive enzymeisn fish:
Characterization
and
practical
applications. CIHEAM
Options Mediterraneennes.
Elliot, W. H and Elliot D. C. 1997. Biochemistry and Moleculer Biology. Oxford
Univercity release. Inc, New York
Fitriliyani, Doyo Prasodjo. 2011. Activities Enzymes The digestive tract
Oreochromis Niloticus (Oreohromis niloticus) with livestock feed Containing
flour leaves
Lamtoro (Leucaena leucophala) Terhidrolisis and Without
Hidrolisis with Extracting enzyme Balance Rumen Sheep. Majoring in
aquaculture,
Fisheries Faculty. Lambung Mangkurat University. Central
Kalimantan
South.
The examples were, Y. 2004. Physiology fish. Directorate General of National
Education, Makassar
Kay, I. 1998. Inttoduction to Animal Physiology. your Bios
Scientific Publiher Limited, Spinger-Verlag New York. USA.

Kimball, J. W. 1983. Biology Fifth Edition . Addison Wesley Publishing Company

Inc. , London.
Marshal, P. 1980. Physiology of Mammals and Other Vertebrates Second
Edition. New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne. Sydney.
Siregar, M. 1995. Livestock Feed Natural. Non-Governmental Organizations,
Jakarta.
Supriyanto, C. , Samin,Zainul Kamal. 2007. Analysis of dirt heavy metals, Pb, CU
and Cd In freshwater fish With A method Spektrofotometri Fire Absorbed
Atom (business applications such as). ISSN 1978 - 0176.
Yuwono, E. 2001. Physiology Animals I. Faculty University biologist General
Soedirman, Purwokerto.
Zonneveld, N. Huisma. 1991. The Principles of the fish cultivation. Gramedia,
Jakarta.