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Campestre San
Sebastin
SCIENCE 8TH GRADE
REVIEW EXERCISES
MAKE OVER EXAM
NAME: ______________________________ DATE: __________ GROUP: _____
1. These branching structures carry information toward the cell body of a neuron.
A. Synapes
B. Axons
C. Dendrites
D. Nodes of Ranvier
2. The neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine (ACh) are stored within the
A. Tips of the dendrites
B. Cell body
C. Postsynaptic receptors
D. Axon terminals
3. What is the name of the space between the axon of one of the neuron and the dendrite of a
second neuron?
A. Vesicle
B. Cell body
C. Synapse
D. Node of Ranvier
4. What is the name of the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine?
A. Dopamine
B. ACh
C. Acetylcholinesterase
D. Norepinephrine
5. What term describes the hopping of the action potential (nerve impulse) along the axon from
one node (of Ranvier) to the next?
A. Myelination
B. Depolarization
C. Saltatory conduction
D. Repolarization
6. The primary somatosensory area and the primary motor area are seperated by
A. Broca's area
B. The cecntral sulcus
C. The pia mater
D. The longitudinal fissure
7. There are four major areas of the brain: the cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and the
A. Hypothalamus
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Limbic system
D. Cerebellum
8. The frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes form the
A. Brain stem
B. Cerebrum
C. Cerebellum
D. Reticular formation
9. Which word best describes the precentralgyrus?
A. Olfactory
B. Visual
C. Motor
D. Language
10. The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are referred to as the
A. Diencephalons
B. Brain stem
C. Limbic system
D. Emotional brain
11. Excessive opioids (narcotics) depress the medulla oblongata and therefore cause
A. Parkinson's disease
B. Blindness
C. Respiratory depression
D. Hypertension
12. Endorphins
A. Natural morphine-like substances that can reduce anxiety and induce a sense of well-being
B. Energy sources much like ATP
C. Secreted by the choroi plexus and circulated within the subarachnoid space
D. Waste products generated by depolarizing neurons
13. The surface of the cerebrum is folded into elevations that resemble speed bumps; these
speed bumps are called
A. Fissures
B. Sulci
C. Foramen
D. Convultions, or gyri
14. The depression between the convolutions of the cerebrum is called a
A. Pons
B. Gyrus
C. Sulces
D. Corpus callosum
31. Which of the following structures brings information toward the cell body?
A. Dendrites
B. Axons
C. Nodes of Ranvier
D. Axon terminals
32. What makes white matter "white"?
A. Cell bodies
B. Neurotransmitters
C. Synapses
D. Myelin sheath
33. The inside of the unstimulated neuron is negative; this electrical charge is due to the
outward leak of potassium and is called
A. Depolarization
B. The action potential
C. The resting membrane potential
D. The refracory period
34. What is the name of the first phase of the action potential that is caused by the inward
movement of sodium?
A. Repolarization
B. Refractory period
C. Depolarization
D. Saltatory conduction
35. What is the term applied to the inability of a neuron to accept a stimulus while the neuron is
still depolarized?
A. Repolarization
B. Threshold potential
C. Resting membrane potential
D. Refractory period
36. The repolarizing phase of the action potential
A. Means that the inside of the cell is becoming more positive
B. Is due to the movement of sodium (Na+) into the cell
C. Is due to the movement of potassium (K+) out of the cell
D. Is due to the Na+/K+ pump located in the membrane
37. Which ofthe following is the convultion located on the frontal lobe anterior to the central
sulcas?
A. Broca's area
B. Primary motor area
C. Somatosensory area
D. Visual cortex
38. What is the name of the motor speech area located in the frontal lobe?
A. The brain stem
B. The pons
C. Broca's area
D. The diencephalon
B) type B
C) type AB
D) type O
64. Precursors of macrophages are called
A) T cells
B) killer cells
C) B cells
D) plasma cells
E) monocytes
65. The immune response is terminated or decreased by
A) suppressor B cells
B) suppressor T cells
C) both of the above
D) none of the above; the immune response can only be stimulated, not terminated
66. Which type of T cell lyses cells that have been infected with viruses?
A) inducer T cells
B) helper T cells
C) cytotoxic T cells
D) suppressor T cells
E) none of the above
67. When a B cell encounters antigen to which it is targeted, it divides rapidly and produces
A) more antigen
B) plasma cells
C) T cells
D) killer cells
E) interferons
68. All of the following cells are phagocytic except for
A) basophils
B) neutrophils
C) lymphocytes
D) eosinophils
E) all of the above are phagocytic
69. Your body has millions of different antibodies for detecting millions of different antigens
because
A) you have millions of different antibody genes
B) antibody genes undergo somatic rearrangement and somatic mutation
C) antibody genes undergo antigen shifting
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
70. Helper T cells and inducer T cells are also called _______________ cells because of the
coreceptor they both have.
A) CD4+ T
B) CD8+ T
C) CD16+ T
D) CD12+ T
71. Which type of surface marker is present on every nucleated cell in your body?
A) B receptor
B) T receptor
C) MHC-I
D) MHC-II
E) all of the above
72. MHC proteins are also called
A) ABC
B) HIV
C) Ig
D) HLA
E) hybridomas
73. Activated helper T cells release regulatory molecules called
A) histamines
B) antibodies
C) pus
D) lymphokines
E) complement
74. Memory cells
A) produce cyclosporine
B) are responsible for passive immunity
C) prevent an animal from encountering certain antigens
D) provide an accelerated immune response upon second exposure to a particular antigen
E) all of the above
75. What holds together the four polypeptide chains of an antibody?
A) disulfide bonds
B) light chains
C) heavy chains
D) complement proteins
E) MHC proteins
76. Of the five classes of antibody heavy chains, which one's function is still partially unclear?
A) IgE
B) IgM
C) IgG
D) IgA
E) IgD
77. Diseases in which a person's immune system attacks the person's own normal tissue are
called
A) secondary immune diseases
B) autoimmune diseases
C) antigen shifting diseases
D) primary immune diseases
E) clonal selection diseases
78. The cells that you see when you look at your skin were produced in the
A) dermis
B) psoriasis layer
C) subcutaneous tissue
D) stratum basale
E) stratum corneum
79. Which of the following cells participate in nonspecific defense responses when your body is
invaded by microbes?
A) natural killer cells
B) macrophages
C) neutrophils
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
80. Cytotoxic T cells are called into action by the:
A) presence of interleukin-1
B) presence of interleukin-2
C) presence of neutrophils
D) decrease in the number of B cells
E) decrease in the number of antibodies
81. Complement and antibody are similar in that both:
A) are produced by mast cells.
B) may make bacteria more attractive to phagocytes.
C) have two identical antigen-binding sites.
D) are activated in an inflammatory cascade.
82. The AIDS virus:
A) is also know as HTLV.
B) has a high affinity for CD8 bearing T cells.
C) may become dormant in cells.
D) is a DNA virus.
83. Hypersensitivity reactions:
A) are sometimes mediated by IgE.
B) may involve immune complexes.
C) may involve complement, histamine, neutrophils or IgG.
D) all of the above.
84. Which cell is correctly matched with its secretion or function?
A) T-lymphocyte -- IL-1
B) mast cells -- histamine
C) macrophage -- IgA
D) eosinophil -- clotting
85. All of the following are part of our antigen specific defense mechanisms except:
A) acute inflammation.
B) lymphocytes.
C) antibody production.
D) macrophages.
86. Echinoderms have immune systems similar to bony fish in that they possess T and B
lymphocytes
A) True
B) False
87. Immunoglobulins have two light chains and two heavy chains.
A) True
B) False
88. IgE is an interleukin involved in allergies.
A) True
B) False
89. T cytotoxic cells produce cytokinins which cause the lysis of other target cells.
A) True
B) False
90. Hemolytic disease of the newborn typically results from immunization of an RH- mother with
Rh+ blood from her first pregnancy, the antibodies reacting against the fetus in a later
pregnancy.
A) True
B) False
91. Choose the statement about steroid hormones that is incorrect.
A) Steroids are lipids with complex ring structures.
B) Steroids can pass through their target cell membrane and interact with receptors in the
nucleus.
C) Steroids employ first and second messengers that amplify the cellular response.
D) The estrogens and testosterone are examples of steroid hormones.
92. Prostaglandins are ___________ substances that regulate neighboring cells.
A) endocrine
B) paracrine
C) eccrine
D) glycoprotein
93. Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _______________ for _______________ hormones.
A) binding site; nonsteroid
B) membrane receptor; steroid
C) activity site; G protein
D) second messenger; nonsteroid
94. Which of these is not a method the body uses to regulate its hormonal releases?
A) negative feedback
B) direct nervous stimulation
C) release of tropic hormones
D) degradation of the endocrine gland
95. Where are the posterior pituitary hormones manufactured?
A) in neurosecretory cells that originate in the hypothalamus