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INTRODUCTION
1.1
Introduction
In most of our electronic products or projects we need a power supply for converting mains
AC voltage to a regulated DC voltage. For making a power supply designing of each and
every component is essential. Here Im going to discuss the designing of regulated 5V Power
Supply.
In this project we need fix 5 volt supply for BCD seven segment decoder (IC 74LS47 or IC
74LS48) to control the output and display the output on seven segment display. so first of all
we make 5 volt DC supply by using these component.
List of Component generate fix 5 volt dc supply
1. Step Down Transformer
2. Voltage Regulator IC 7805
3. Capacitors
4. Diodes
5. Registers
6. LED
7. Switch
When we have 5 volt DC supply than we apply as BCD Inputs A, B, C, D on decoder IC
74LS48. We use hear IC 74LS48 because we have cathode seven segment display if we have
anode seven segment display than we use hear IC 74LS48 as a decoder IC. Decoder IC have
4 BCD inputs and seven segment output ( a, b, c, d, e, f, g ).
List of component control display on seven segment display
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Push Switch
Decoder IC 74LS48
Register
Cathode Seven Segment Display
LED
CHAPTER - 2
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
2.1
Circuit Connection
The following shows circuit connection of generate 5 volt and decode and display on seven
segment display.
2.2
2.2.1
The most frequently used device in electronic workshops and laboratories is a universal
power supply provides fix DC voltage. As many application we use DC power supply so first
convert AC power supply to DC power supply as a use of DC voltage than we use different
circuit configuration. We required 5 volt supply so we convert AC 230 volt 50 Hz to 5 volt
DC supply. We use at step-down transformer (230 V to 12 Volt and 1 Amp. ) to decrease
voltage and current. These types of step-down transformer decrease 12 volt and 1 Amp.
2.2.2
(a)
(b)
Figure 2.2 (a) pins of 7805 voltage regulator
(b) Internal circuit configuration of 7805 voltage regulator
2.2.4 Step 4 BCD Inputs Switches
BCD inputs switches are A,B,C,D that are respectively value in decimal are
A = 1 ( 2^0 )
B = 2 ( 2^1 )
C = 4 ( 2^2 )
D = 8 ( 2^3 )
that means when we press A Switch then display 1 and when we press B then display 2 and
etc.
2.2.5 Step 5 BCD To Seven Segment Decoder
Decoder IC are many types but we use in this project is IC 74LS48. This IC particularly use
for common cathode seven segment LED display if we use common anode display than the
decoder IC is 74LD47.
BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY DECODER
3
This decoder IC have four BCD Inputs A,B,C,D and outputs a,b,c,d,e,f,g are seven segment
outputs of seven segment display.
As saw seven segment display unit a, b, c, d, e, f, g are LED segment that means if we want
to display 1 then b, c are ON state and a, d, e, f, g are OFF state
Figure 2.3 74LS48 decoder configurations with common cathode seven segment display
CHAPTER - 3
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
3.1
Components Requirements
S. No
Components
Description
1.
Decoder IC
2.
Diode
3.
LED
4.
Capacitor
5.
Resistors
220
10K
6.
230V AC - 12 V AC
7.
8.
Switches
Table 3.1
Red
Blue
1000F
Components Description
CHAPTER - 4
SEVEN SEGMENTAL DISPLAY
4.1
Introduction
This is basically use for numeric display. It consists of seven segment a, b, c, d, e, f and g . A
segmental display forms the digit to be display by illumination proper segments from the
group. It is use to display 0 to 9 digit and Alphabetic display.
Typically 7-segment displays consist of seven individual colored LEDs (called the
segments), within one single display package. In order to produce the required numbers or
HEX characters from 0 to 9 and A to F respectively, on the display the correct combination of
LED segments need to be illuminated and BCD to 7-segment Display Decoders such as the
IC's 74LS48.
dp
Figure 4.1
A standard 7-segment LED display generally has 8 input connections, one for each LED
segment and one that acts as a common terminal or connection for all the internal display
segments. Some single displays have also have an additional input pin to display a decimal
point in their lower right or left hand corner.
4.2
In the common cathode display, all the cathode connections of the LEDs are joined
Together to logic 0 or ground. The individual segments are illuminated by
application of a HIGH, logic 1 signal to the individual Anode terminals. Use in
this type display to control IC is 74LS48
4.2.2
In the common anode display, all the anode connections of the LEDs are joined
together to logic 1 and the individual segments are illuminated by connecting the
individual Cathode terminals to a LOW, logic 0 signal. Use in this type display to
control IC is 74LS47
4.3
Display
1
1
0
1
1
9
Table 4.1 Truth Table for a 7-segment display
Decimal
Digits 0-9
Figure 4.4 Seven-Segments Display Elements for all Numbers.
BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY DECODER
9
CHAPTER - 5
BINARY CODED DECIMAL
5.1
Introduction
Binary Coded Decimal (BCD or 8421 BCD) numbers are made up using just 4 data bits or
more , but unlike hexadecimal numbers that range in full from 0 through to F, BCD numbers
only range from 0 to 9, with the binary number patterns of 1010 through to 1111 (A to F) .
Decimal
Binary Pattern
BCD
5.2
The SN54/74LS48 is a BCD to 7-Segment Decoder consisting of NAND gates, input buffers
and seven AND-OR-INVERT gates. Seven NAND gates and one driver are connected in
pairs to make BCD data and its complement available to the seven decoding AND-OR
INVERT gates. The remaining NAND gate and three input buffers provide lamp test,
blanking input/ripple blanking input for the 74LS48.
The circuit accepts 4-bit binary-coded-decimal (BCD) and, depending on the state of the
auxiliary inputs, decodes this data to drive other components. The relative positive logic
output levels, as well as conditions required at the auxiliary inputs, are shown in the truth
tables.
The LS48 circuit incorporates automatic leading and/or trailing edge zero-blanking control
(RBI and RBO). Lamp Test (LT) may be activated any time when the BI/RBO node is HIGH.
Both devices contain an overriding blanking input (BI) which can be used to control the lamp
intensity by varying the frequency and duty cycle of the BI input signal or to inhibit the
outputs.
Lamp Intensity Modulation Capability (BI/RBO)
Internal Pull-Ups Eliminate Need for External Resistors
Input Clamp Diodes Eliminate High-Speed Termination Effects
=
=
=
=
=
BCD INPUT
RIPPLE BANKING INPUTS
Lamp-Test Input
Blanking Input or Ripple-Blanking Output
OUTPUT
5.3
(a)
(b)
Figure 5.2 (A) Logic Diagram Of IC 74LS48, (B) Block Diagram Of IC 74LS48
5.4
CHAPTER - 6
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
6.1
TRANSFORMER
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductors the transformer's coils or "windings". Transformer is used
here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage components. The
transformer used here is a 230 / (12V-0-12V) step down transformer.
6.2
RESISTOR
(a)
(b)
6.3
Figure 6.3
6.4
CAPACITOR
Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.
When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric
field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and
negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal
capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is
the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.
6.5
These are exploited in special purpose diodes that perform many example, diodes are used to
regulate voltage ( voltage surges (avalanche diodes ), to generate radio frequency diodes), and
to produce light ( resistance, which makes them useful in some types of circuits. Diodes were
the first semiconductor electronic devices abilities was made by German physicist diodes,
called cat's whisker diodes such as galena. Today most diodes are made of germanium are
sometimes use
Figure 6.5
Semi-Conductor Diode
CONCLUSIONS
BCD TO SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY DECODER
17
In this project we have developed display BCD and tested 5 volt supply. This can output to a
seven segment display. We used various methods to display decimal number on seven
segment display and various application of display decimal number. A for-generate loop was
also used to create a 4-bit adder / subtracted. Two interchangeable methods were developed
for correcting for invalid BCD numbers. By coupling together two one digit BCD adder
subtracters with a correction factor for negative numbers, a fully functional BCD
adder/subtracter was created. Addition and subtraction of number is also application of seven
segment display
BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.wikipedia.com/LEDdisplay.
www.wikipedia.com/semi-conductordiode.
www.wikipedia.com/capacitor
www.wikipedia.com/resistor.
www.wikipedia.com/sevensegmentdisplay.
www.wikipedia.com/BCDdecoder
www.electonicsproject.com/bcdtosevensegmentdisplay
Motorola ICs 74LS48.pdf