IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (I OSR -JHSS)

Volume 20, Issue 10, Ver. V (Oct. 2015) PP 19-24

e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279- 0845.
www.iosrjournals.org

A Sociological Study on Empowerment of Muslim Women

in Darrang District of Assam
1

Md. Abdul Wahab, M.A (Sociology), B ED, SET, 2 Maniza Khatun, M.A, B ED,
2

Department of Education, Kharupetia College, Darrang, Assam, India

Abstract: Wo men Emp o we r men t ca n b e co n sid e red a ch a n g e in th e co n tex t o f a wo ma n s

lif e th a t en a b le s h er in crea s ed ca p a c it y to lea d a fu l fi ll in g h u ma n l if e, ch a ra c te ri zed b y
exte rn a l q u a li ti e s su ch a s h ea l th , mo b i li ty, e d u ca tio n a n d a wa ren e s s, s ta tu s in fa m il y,
p a rt ic ip a t io n in d eci s i o n ma kin g a n d le ve l o f ma te ria l secu ri ty, a s we ll a s in t ern a l
q u a lit ie s su ch a s se lf - a wa ren e s s a n d se lf co n f i d en ce. In th e e ra o f g l o b a li za t io n wo m en
emp o we rm en t i s a vi ta l i ssu e o f a l l o v er th e wo rld . P ro mo tio n o f g e n d er eq u a l it y a n d
emp o we rm en t o f wo men is o n e o f th e fi fte en th M ill en n iu m Dev elo p men t Go a l s d e cla red b y
th e U NO . Wi th o u t e mp o we r men t o f wo men in ev ery fie ld li ke - eco n o m ic , so cia l, cu ltu ra l,
p o lit ica l e tc. n o o n e ca n th in k a b o u t a ll ro u n d d evelo p men t o f th e so ci et y a n d th e co n c ep t
o f su sta in a b le h u ma n d evelo p men t. Wo men co n st itu te i mp o r ta n t seg me n t o f th e so ci ety
a n d p e rfo rm mu lt ip l e ro le s su ch a s mo th e r, h o u se w ive s, wa g e ea rn er s e tc. a n d ed u c a tio n
is ve ry mu ch es sen tia l fo r p e rfo r min g a l l th e s e a c tiv it ie s mo re ef fi cie n tly. Ed u ca tio n i s
o n e o f th e mo s t imp o rta n t m ea n s o f e mp o we rin g wo men wi th kn o wle d g e, sk ill s a n d se lf co n fid en ce n e ce ssa r y to p a rti cip a te fu lly in th e d evelo p men ta l p ro ce s s wh i ch red u ce th e
g en d er in eq u a li ty, d i sc r imi n a tio n s et c.
GOI h a s in it ia t ed va ri o u s p o l ic ie s a n d l eg i s la tio n s fo r wo men em p o we r men t
co n s id e rin g a s d eve lo p men t o f ca p a ci ti es , p o we r s a n d sk il l s to ma ke a p er so n mo re
co n fid en t, mo re sel f - re li a n t a n d a b le to ta k e s el f d ec is io n s f ro m th e t im e o f i n d ep en d en c e
b u t u n a b le to rea ch to wa rd s th e p ro p e r d e st in a tio n mo st ly th e ru ra l a rea in clu d in g th e
en ti re n o rth - ea ste rn re g io n . I l lit e ra cy, co m mu n ica t io n g a p , ma le d o m in a n t so ci ety , le s s
p o lit ica l p a r ti cip a tio n in d eci s io n ma k in g p r o ces s, tra d it io n a l n o r m s, cu l tu re, so c ia l
n eg lig en ce, u n o rg a n i ze d eco n o mic p a rt icip a ti o n s a re so me o f th e p ro b l em s o f wo men
emp o we rm en t. Bu t th e wo m en p a rt ic ip a t io n in th e f ield s o f eco n o mi c , so cia l, p o li ti ca l,
cu ltu ra l s ecto r a re in c r ea s in g s lo wly a n d s tea d ily d a y b y d a y in ev e ry n o o k a n d co rn er o f
th e co u n t ry n o t o n ly f ro m th e u rb a n b u t th e ru r a l wo men b eco min g mo r e a d va n ced t ren d .
Bu t in As sa m th e g r im p ictu re i s th a t 8 0 % p re g n a n t wo men su ff er in g fro m ma ln u t ri tio n ,
3 9 % g ir l s ch ild ren o u t o f rea ch in sch o o l, G en d er Eq u a li ty In d ex r a n ked 2 9 t h , Gen d er
Deve lo p men t I n d ex ra n k 2 6 t h a n d th e ma t e rn a l mo r ta l it y ra te i s th e 2 n d in In d ia .
Th i s p a p er i s a n a tt emp t to a n a ly ze th e co n st ra in t s a n d p ro sp e ct s o f e mp o w e rmen t
o f Mu s li m wo m en o f Da r ra n g d i s tr ic t o f A ssa m.
Keywords: Education, Empowerment, Sustainable Development, Women.

I.

Introduction:

W o me n e sp ec ia ll y f r o m t he r ur al are a co n st it u t e t he lar g e st ma r gi n al iz ed s ect io n

o f I nd ia a nd t he ir mar gi n al ized s ho uld b e a ma tt er o f d eep co n cer n fo r a ll . W o me n
p arti c ul arl y up p er cl as s and ur b a n are as are m o re co ns cio u s o f t h eir r ig h t s a nd d ut ie s a s
we l l a s p o s it io n s a nd p o we r s, b ut t he wo me n o f th e r ura l are as are a b it d i ffere n t, t h e y are
co n te n t wi t h t h e me al o f a d a y a nd s uc h a me n t al set up d o es no t ma ke an y ro o m i n t h eir
mi n d s to i ma gi n e t he li fe b e yo nd t h eir i ma g i na tio n a s wel l as e xp ect at io n . T h e p o si tio n
and t he sta t u s o f wo m en all o v er t he wo rld ha v e ri se n i ncred ib l y i n t h e 2 0 t h ce nt ur y
tho u g h t he se h a ve b ee n ver y lo w i n t h e 1 8 t h a n d the 1 9 t h ce nt ur y i n I n d ia a nd el se wh ere
wh e n t h e y tr e at ed l i ke o b j ects t ha t ca n b e b o u g h t a nd so ld . Fo r a lo n g ti me i n I nd ia
wo me n r e ma i ned wi t hi n fo ur wa ll s o f t he ir ho u se .
E mp o wer me n t is mu lt i - fac et ed ap p ro a c h i n t he to p i c o f so cio lo gi ca l re sea rc h i n
th e co nt e xt o f ge nd e r eq ua li t y a nd d i scr i mi n at io n. I neq u al it y b e t we e n m en a nd wo me n a nd
d is cri mi n a tio n a g ai n s t wo me n ha s a l so b ee n ag e -o ld is s u e al l o ver t he wo r ld . T h u s,
wo me n s q ue s t fo r eq ua lit y wi t h me n i n ma tt er s o f ed uca tio n, e mp lo y me n t, i n her it a nce,
ma rria g e, p o l it ic s, c ul t u r al a f fa ir s a n d se l f d i g ni t y, ci v il ri g h t s and re ce nt l y i n t h e fie ld o f
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A Sociological Study on Empowerment of Muslim Women in Darrang District

reli g io n a lso to s er ve a s cler ic i s a u n i ver sa l p h eno me n o n. Ed uc at io n i s p la yi n g v ita l ro l e
in wo me n e mp o we r me n t. T he d e velo p ed co u nt rie s o f t h e wo r ld are mo r e ad va n ced i n
e mp o wer i n g wo me n t h an t he r e s t o f t he wo r ld . W i t ho ut p ro p e r ed u cat io n, g uid a nce,
en v iro n me n t no co u n tr y co uld b e ac h ie v ed t he fu ll p o te n ti al d e ve lo p m en t o f t h e wo me n
so c iet y a s we l l a s e mp o we r me n t.

II.

Women Empowerment In Islamic (Muslim) Perspective:

Le gi sl ato r s ear li er ti me s wer e h ars h to ward s wo me n . Hi nd u co d e o f la ws sa ys t ha t

wo ma n i s wo r s e t h a n d e st i n y, sto r m, d ea t h, hel l , p o iso no u s s na ke . T he ho l y B ib l e s a ys a
wo ma n i s mu c h b it ter t h an d ea t h al so me n tio ned i n t he O ld T e sta me nt (c hap ter o f ser mo n)
th at a n yo n e wi s h es to p r o ve h i ms el f d e ar to Go d , s ho uld sa ve h i m fro m wo me n. Is la m i s
th e o n l y rel i gio n a nd a wa y o f l i fe wh i c h p re s en t s a ver y b a la n ced i ma g e ab o ut wo me n
and reco g n iz es t he i mp o r ta nc e o f wo me n wi t h a p lace o f r esp ect a nd r e v ers e to wo me n i n
h u ma n so c ie t y. I t gi v e s s a mp l e o f co n s id era t io n to h er n at ur al d e li cate n e ss a nd ha s
as si g n ed h er t he d ut ie s tha t ar e s u it ed to h er p h ys i cal str e n gt h. T he Isl a mi c id eo l o g y Sa r ia h a nd H a d it h al lo w wo me n p art ic ip at i n g in d a y to d a y li fe ac ti v iti e s b y d e c lari n g
th e ed uc ati o n as t he b as ic f u nd a me n ta l o b l i g atio n fo r e v er y wo ma n and ma n to g i ve
es se n tia l k no wl ed g e, ac co r d i n g to t he req u ire m en t. P ro p het Mo ha m ma d hi ms el f i nd uced
wo me n to lear n wea v i n g , t hat s ho ws t he wo me n s ho uld b e tra i ned i n ha n d cra ft s a nd h o me
ind u s tri es , s u c h a s ta il o r i n g, e mb r o id er y, wea vi n g , s mal l i nd u s trie s, b u si n es s co nd u ct.
Al so , I sl a m ha s r eco g ni zed t he p o l yg a m y, d ivo rce, i n her it a nce , t es ti mo n y a nd
b lo o d mo ne y e tc. a nd e x p lai n s t he sp here o f ac ti vi ti e s o f a wo ma n a nd h er p art ic ip at io n i n
var io u s s ect io n o f so ci al l i fe a nd t hereb y b as i c ri g ht i n p o s it i ve tre n d gi v e n to her b y
Isl a m.
T he Q ur a n st at es - M e n ar e t he p ro te cto r s a n d mai n ta i ner s o f wo me n, b eca u s e
All a h (t h e Go d ) ha s g i v en t he o ne mo re stre n g t h t h a n o t h er a nd s up p o rt ed t he m f ro m t he ir
me a n s.
Acco r d i n g to t he Fr en c h s c ho l ar Dr . Gu sta w a li - I sla m ha s b ro u g h t a
co mp re he n si v e d e velo p me n t i n t he c ul t ura l a n d so cia l p o si tio n o f wo me n . T h e Q ura ni c
la ws o f i n her ita n ce ar e mo r e i n fa vo r o f wo m en co mp ared to t he l a ws o f E uro p e a nd
o th e r s.
An e mi n e nt I nd i a n a ut ho r M ila n Ra m- T he p eo p le wh o ar e fo l lo we r s o f t he
reli g io n s s ho u ld ac k no wl ed g e t he e x ce lle n ce o f I sla mic Sa r ia h . If i t so , t he n t he
s up er io ri t y o f I sl a mi c i d eo lo g y wi ll b e ra i sed t o lev el wh i c h wi l l b e b e yo nd i ma gi n at io n.
In fa ct , wh a t I s la m p r e s en t s i s t he a cc ur ate so l u tio n o f al l t h e p ro b l e ms .

III.

Government Initiatives On Empowerment Of Women

T he p r i nc ip l e o f g e nd e r eq u al it y i s e n s hr i ned in t he I nd i a n Co n s ti t u tio n i n it s
P rea mb le , F u nd a me n ta l R i g ht s, F u nd a me nt al D ut ie s a nd D ire c ti v e P ri nc ip le s. T he
Co n st it u tio n no t o nl y g r an t s eq ua li t y to wo ma n, b u t a lso e mp o wer s t he s tat e to ad o p t
me a s ure s o f p o si ti v e d i scr i mi n at io n i n fa vo r o f wo ma n . Ev er y Year the 8 t h Marc h is
o b ser v ed a s I nt er na tio n al W o me n s Da y wh e n wo me n s p ro b le ms , p o li cie s a nd p ro gra ms
are o nl y d i sc u s sed . T h e Dep ar t me n t o f W o me n a nd C hi ld De v elo p me nt se t up i n 1 9 8 5
ser v es a s t h e no d a l a g en c y fo r wo me n s ad v an ce me n t. T he Nat io na l Co m mi s sio n fo r
W o me n i s a st at u to r y b o d y cr ea ted i n J a n u ar y, 1 9 9 2 to fac il ita te r ed re s sed gr ie va n ce a nd
to acce ler ate t he so cio -e co no mi c d e ve lo p me nt o f wo me n , to p ro mo te a ware n es s ab o u t
wo me n s p r o b le ms a nd wo r k fo r t h e e mp o we r m en t o f wo me n. T he Ce n t ral So c ia l we l fare
B o ard p ro mo te s we l f ar e act i vi ti es fo r a ll ma rg i nal iz ed se ct io n s i nc lud i n g wo me n to
en s ur e t h at wo me n r e cei ve d ue b e n e fi t s i n go v er n me n ts , p ub l ic e xp e nd i t ure, t he
go ver n me nt h as b ee n p r o mo ti n g a ge nd er b as ed b ud g et i n g i n sp i te o f re ce i vi n g h i g h
att e nt io n t he i mp le me n t atio n o f t he l a ws , p o l ici es a nd p ro gra ms fo r t he b ene fit o f wo me n
ha s p l e nt y o f sco p e fo r i mp r o v e me n t to ma ke t he m mo re tar ge t o ri e nted a nd e ffect i ve. T h e
Go ver n me n t o f I nd ia p a s sed T he Na tio n al P o li c y fo r t he E mp o wer me n t o f W o me n i n t he
ye ar 2 0 0 1 e mp ha s ized o n d i f f er e n t go al s l i ke c r eat i n g e n viro n me nt o f r eal ize a nd d e ve lo p
th e fu ll p o t e nt ial it y o f wo me n, eq ua l acc es s to he al t hcar e, q u al it y ed uc atio n a t a ll l e vel s,
career a nd vo ca tio na l g uid a nce , e mp lo y me n t , e q ua l re mu n e rat io n, o c c u p atio n al he al t h a nd
sa fet y, so cia l se c ur i t y a nd p ub li c o f f ice et c. I t i s a l so e mp h a siz ed o n fu nd a me n t al freed o m
b y wo me n o n eq ua l b a s i s wi t h me n i n a ll sp h ere s - p o li tic al, eco no mi c, s o cia l, c u lt ur al a nd
ci vi l, b ui ld i n g str e n g th e n p ar t n er s hip s wi t h ci v il so c ie t y, p art ic ul arl y wo me n s
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A Sociological Study on Empowerment of Muslim Women in Darrang District

o rga n iz at io n, e li mi n a tio n o f d i scr i mi n at io n a nd all fo r ms o f v io le n ce a ga i n st wo me n a nd
gi rl c hi ld .

IV.

A Glance Of Darrang District:

Fi g - Map o f As sa m i nd i cat i n g wi t h Darr a n g d i s t rict

Darrang consists of narrow strip of plain is lying between the Himalayas and the Brahmaputra
river in the north-west part of Assam. The land which is now known as Darrang district was included
in the Hindu Kingdom of Kamrupa as mentioned in the Mahabharata. The district had been created
with effect from July 1983 converting the erstwhile sub -division of Mangaldai located in 20 0 9 N to
26 0 95 N and 91 0 9 to 92 0 22 E. The name Darrang was derived from the Bodo word Dourang
which means Lilabhumi (playground of Gods). Some scholars depicted as the word Darrang came
from Dawrang which means Gate, as there was direct entry to Bhutan and from there to Nepal,
China etc gradually this known as Darrang. The district in general is considered to be plain. On the
north there exist the Udalguri district and the mighty river Brahmaputra flows along the southern
boundary of the district. The main tributaries of the Brahmaputra in this district are Barnadi,
Nowanai, Mangaldoi and Dhanshri. The soil of the district is very fertile for cultivation and the main
crops are paddy, oilseeds, sugarcane and jute. The area is also known for its considerable tea
products. The main horticultural products are orange, coconut, pineapple, etc. In addition, the district
is very rich with sizeable product of vegetables. Total area of district is 1850.58 sq k m covering 563
revenue villages, 1 Municipality Board and 2 Town Committees. Total population of the district is
908,090 including 852,692 rural and 55,398 urban populations. Density is 491 per sq km and literacy
rate is 64.55% according to the census 2011.

V.

Brief Outlook On Muslim Women In Darrang District:

People of different castes, communities and religions scatter in Darrang district of Assam and
they are ingredients as well as part and parcel of greater Assamese culture. The Muslim invaded in
Assam several times and started settling from the time of the Ahom reign. In Darrang district Muslim
citizens are different in origin, mostly Assamese Muslim and Bengali Muslim. The Bengali speaking
Muslims are dynastically belong to the East Bengal who migrated from the 17 th up to early of the
19 th century and also some of them were brought to cultivate the fertile land in the time o f British
rule. The Assamese origin Muslims are more forward in respect of indigenous culture of Assam,
traditions and customs than the Bengali origin Muslims but it on the other hand the rules of Shariah is
playing a vital role in the practice of religio us culture and traditions, customs among the Muslim
women.
The Bengali Muslims are thickly populated in the greater Chapori area in the bank of the
mighty river Brahmaputra where their livelihood based on agriculture, wage labor, fishing, and
unorganized sectors only and the rays of the development is not up to the mark. They are mostly
illiterate than others. In the case of women illiteracy is much worse particularly of Muslim not only in
Darrang but also in India. The rate of exploitation and violence ag ainst the illiterate women
particularly in Muslim women are more among the Bengali origin Muslim in Darrang district. Few
numbers of Bengali origin Muslim women perceive computer education, automobiles, weaving and
tailoring are the most desired trades. Less numbers of Muslim women have access to government and
institutional facilities for delivery. They are not conscious for practicing political rights. Self help
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groups have been empowering instrument for Muslim women like other parts of Assam. SHGs made
women financially self dependent also emerged as an important strategy for alleviating poverty from
Muslim areas. Anganbadi Workers, ASHA KARMI and different progr ams have changed the mindset
of the rural women towards the positive trends. There are some hindrances like restrictions on
womens mobility, complete child care responsibility, vulnerability to abuse, low access of the rural
Muslim women to information and media, low literacy rate, confinement to large manual tasks and
poor access to income etc.

VI.

Objectives Of The Study:

6.1 To observe and identify the problems of empowerment of Muslim women.

6.2 To find out the prospects of women empowerment.

VII.

Research Methodology:

7.1 Research Design: The study has been carried out by the observation method and especially descriptive
in nature.
7.2 Population: The entire Muslim Women of Darrang District of Assam constituted as population of the
present study.
7.3 Data Collection Method: Data has been collected by applying both secondary and primary method of
data collection. Secondary data has been utilized to find out the theoretical information and consists of
books, journals etc.

VIII.

Findings Of The Study:

8.1 Muslim women are mostly illiterate. In this area the parents are not so conscious about the women
education. Lack of Institution one of the major factors of women empowerment. Adult Education,
Total Literacy and other programs are not actively activated and functioning among the Muslim
women.
8.2 In the poor section of the society the Traditional Sex Role of the mother, grandmother, aunts, sisters
of the girl child makes her to go school and other participation as it becomes secondary.
8.3 Women in this area remain marginalized due to discrimination, deprivation, exploitation, sexual and
other harassments and atrocities and poor implementations of government measuring including laws.
They are subject to most domestic violence.
8.4 This society is mostly male dominant; women are found to be equal partners in progress, yet they
remain subjected to marginalization and exploitation.
8.5 Muslim women in the study areas are the poorest, backward and economically vulnerable mostly
unorganized labor etc. their work opportunities are only related to agro based activities. The
engagement in secondary and tertiary sectors is very low. In present time they are migrating towards
the other urban regions of India searching their unorganized labor work opportunity.
8.6 Lack of proper religious knowledge and misinterpretation of the Islamic law of Sariah and Hadith are
playing a vital hindrance in empowering women. The Islamic clerics are away from the proper
interpretation of rule of Sariah as well as some of them (clerics) divide the society sectional division
results social chaos.
8.7 Social evils like early child marriage hinders to the empowerment of women. There is a social mandate
existing mostly in the Chapori areas that, boys maximum 15-16 years age and girls 12 to 14 years age
have to go under marry.
8.8 Excessive birth is one of the major problems for the maintaining good health among the Muslim
women and most vulnerable among the Bengali origin Muslim.
8.9 Maintenance of health status is very poor among the Muslim women. Communication and transport
problem, lack of sufficient staff, dearth of sufficient health centre, and lack of primary health training,
malnutrition are the causes of not accessing the maternal and other health facilities of women in
Muslim dominant rural areas of Darrang.
8.10 The low participation in politics, public policy and decision making process have led to the
marginalization of the women. They cast their votes only but not aware of the philosophy and ideology
of the political parties. In India 33 percent seats are reserved for women in local self government
according to the 73rd and 74th amendment of our constitution but the elected women representatives are
not free from the domination of their male counterpart also they have to work under male dominant
circumstance.
8.11 Gender inequality and discriminations are highly existing factors among the women mostly in rural
areas. There is no congenial environment exists among the Muslim society in empowering women.
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8.12 The access of financial assistance from banks and other government institutions are very low among
the Muslim women in the Chapori areas. There is a psycho-sociological impact existing among the
working persons in financial institutions that they are unwilling to go the remote sections of the society.
8.13 The exiting traditional cultural affairs and psychological mind set up among the Muslims are the
barricades of empowerment of women.
8.14 The access of the ICT facilities among the Muslim women mostly Bengali origin are very poor.

IX.

Suggestions:

The following suggestions are made to empower the women in different dimensions of the society and
sustainable human development.
9 .1 E co no mi c Di me n sio n:
9.1.1
Different skill development programs for the women can make empower in economic
sectors.
9.1.1
Ensure parallel participation of every woman with her male counterpart and financial
autonomy.
9.1.2
Provide loan or other facilities for women entrepreneurs.
9.1.3
Micro- economic development projects help in empowering women.
9.1.4
More reservation facilities for women in government services.
9 .2 Po l itica l Di me n sio n :
9.2.1
Women should allow to practice their democratic privileges without interfere from their family or
other.
9.2.2
Womens right based agendas have to be incorporated in the political process.
9.2.3
Information dissemination on legal safeguards, rights, support services, health accommodation
etc.
9.2.4
Facilities for 50 percent reservation in the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, PRI etc.
9.2.5
Free and fair participation in decision making process.
9.2.6
Government should take appropriate measures to reduce difficulties in the process of
implementation of various schemes related to women empowerment.
9 .3 So c ia l D i me n s io n:
9.3.1
Need to reduce the violence against the women.
9.3.2
There must be few NGOs and other organizations for work on women empowerment need to
create awareness against the social epidemics- gender discrimination, gender inequality etc.
9.3.3
Equal importance to the girl child with boy and create the awareness of 1:1 sex ratio.
9.3.4
Safe and secure Environment for developing the Potentialities of women.
9.3.5
Adopt the concept of sustainable human development.
9.3.6
Make the slogan Beti Bacaho Beti Padao a social tradition.
9.3.7
Allow to practice all democratic and human rights and duties as well.
9.3.8
Need to remove and reduce superstitious belief, religious suppression from the society.
9 .4 E d uca t io na l D i me n sio n:
9.4..1
Head of the families should not discourage their daughter for education.
9.4..2
Government should ensure free and compulsory girls education up to graduation level.
9.4..3
Government should give importance to universal education for all girls.
9.4..4
Reservation facilities in higher education for backward rural girls.
9.4..5
Establishment of more and more educational institutions in remote backward areas for women.
9.4..6
Gear up the Women Adult Education program among the rural women.
9 .5 C ult ura l D i me ns io n :
9.5..1
Every woman should be allowed to practice their different aspects of culture according to choose.
9.5..2
No excessive religious burden should be imposed towards the practice of cultural aspects of
women.
9 .6 H ea lt h St a t u s:
9.6.1
Ensure proper nutrition for women.
9.6.2
Proper execution of government health policy for women.
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A Sociological Study on Empowerment of Muslim Women in Darrang District

9.6.3
9.6.4

Ensure proper hospitality to the every mother and new born child.
Control of unprecedented birth.

X.

Conclusion:

For Empowerment of Women in every society must change their attitude, behavior in positive trend
and essential to create congenial environment towards the women and to recognize their rightful place in the
decision-making process. Women should have greater autonomy in decision-making, greater ability to plan their
lives and free them from shackles imposed by prevailing customs, beliefs and practices. They should become
active members in development process rather than mere beneficiaries of programs and services. Women must
be provided opportunities to have control over production resources that would lead to better life for their
families and their children. Women mostly working in groups there are need to organize womens societies for
various activities involving group engagement a strong and effective women cooperative movement is desirable
to boost economic development process of rural women and families. Women should not only be financial
supporter but should also play the role of decision making process of the family. To solve the problems of
women empowerment the attitude of the male dominant society should be changed. Both the State and Central
Government have to play a vital role in the process of policy frame and execution.

References:
[1].
[2].
[3].
[4].

Awasthi, Indira- Rural Women of India, B.R Publishing Corporation, New Delhi-1982
Agrawal, Meenu- Economic participation of Rural Women in Agriculture, RBSA Publications, Jaipur- Rajasthan.
Rahmani, M.K.S.- Women in Islamic Perspective (Translated by- Mufti Md. Shahabuddin Sabeeli) Hazrat Abdullah Ibne-eMosood Islamic Academy, Hydarabad-2000,
Baruah, Jayanta Women in the North-Eastern States, APPOCCUS Publishing, Guwahati, Assam-2015

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