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1. Group 2 elements are known as ___________________________ or sblock elements as their valence electrons are in s orbitals.
2. The Group 2 elements are
__________________________________________________________.
3. Some information of the Group 2 elements is listed in the table
below.
Element
Name
Be
Beryllium
Mg
Magnesiu
Ca
Calcium
Sr
Strontiu
Ba
Barium
Proton
number
Electronic
configurati
on
4. All have valence shell electronic configuration of
________________.
5. They are all ____________________________ and are not found in the
free elemental states in nature.
6. In their pure state, they have a silver colour but tarnish rapidly
in air due to the formation of an oxide layer on the metals surface.
Example :
7. They are soft and can be easily cut with a knife.
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Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
the
flame
Physical Properties
1. Atomic radius _______________________ down the group as the
outermost electrons are in the shells further from the nucleus and
the screening effect of inner electrons increases.
Chemical Properties
1.
General
(a) The group 2 elements are typical metals and are very
reactive, powerful reducing agents.
(iii) Calcium reacts very slowly in cold water but rapidly with hot
water to form the sparingly soluble calcium hydroxide and
hydrogen.
Mg
2+
2+
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Solubility Of Sulphates
1. Sulphates of Group 2 elements are formed when the basic
oxides react with
sulphuric acid. The sulphate has the general formula MSO4 (e.g.
MgSO4 ,
CaSO4)
2. The solubility of the sulphates decreases down the group.
Magnesium
solubility.
(i) Energy is required to break the solid lattice apart into
its free ions.
M2+X2-(s) M2+(g) + X2-(g)
This process is endothermic and the amount of energy
required per mole of compound is equivalent to its lattice energy.
(Lattice energy is defined as the energy evolved
(exothermic) when 1 mol of an ionic lattice is formed from its
constituent gaseous ions).
(ii) Lattice energy increases when the size of the ion(s)
decreases, the charge on the ion(s) increases; and its charge
density increases as more energy is required to break the
stronger ionic bonds that hold the ions together.
(b) A higher enthalpy will result in an increase in
solubility
(i) When an ionic compound dissolves, the free ions
become hydrated by water molecules, heat energy is given
out. the energy involved is the
enthalpy of hydration.
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