Aerodynamic force

Aerodynamic force
Aerodynamic force is the resultant force exerted on a body by the air
(or some other gas) in which the body is immersed, and is due to the
relative motion between the body and the fluid. An aerodynamic force
arises from two causes: [1] [2] [3]
the force due to the pressure on the surface of the body
the force due to viscosity, also known as skin friction

Forces on an aerofoil.

When a body is exposed to the wind it experiences a force in the direction in which the wind is moving. This is an
aerodynamic force. When a body is moving in air or some other gas the aerodynamic force is usually called drag.
When an airfoil or a wing or a glider is moving relative to the air it generates an aerodynamic force that is partly
parallel to the direction of relative motion, and partly perpendicular to the direction of relative motion. This
aerodynamic force is commonly resolved into two components:[4] [5]
Drag is the component parallel to the direction of relative motion.
Lift is the component perpendicular to the direction of relative motion.
The force created by a propeller or a jet engine is called thrust and it is also an aerodynamic force. The aerodynamic
force on a powered airplane is commonly resolved into three components:[6] [7]
thrust, lift and drag
The only other force acting on a glider or powered airplane is its weight. (Weight is a body force, not an
aerodynamic force.)

See also
Optical lift

References
Hurt, H.H.Jr. Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators. A National Flightshop Reprint, Clearwater, Florida (1979)
Clancy, L.J. (1975). Aerodynamics. Pitman Publishing Limited, London. ISBN 0 273 01120 0
Massey, B.S. Mechanics of Fluids, 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., London (1970) Library of Congress
Catalog Card No. 67-25005

Notes
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

Hurt, H.H.Jr. Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators. p.29

Clancy, L.J. Aerodynamics. Section 4.10
Massey, B.S. Mechanics of Fluids, section 10.8.2
Hurt, H.H.Jr. Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators. p.14
Clancy, L.J. Aerodynamics. Section 5.3
Hurt, H.H.Jr. Aerodynamics for Naval Aviators. Fig 2.20
Clancy, L.J. Aerodynamics. Section 14.2

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