S 3 ALTERNATE IMPLEMENTATION AND TM NON-SYMMETRIC ANALYTIC TAIL

INTEGRATION
KEVIN DIOMEDI

1. Alternate S 3 Implementation
Code S 3 this way:

0 (x, x0 ) (J (x0 ) J (x)) dx0

with

(x, x0 )
1 (x)
There are two important points to note here. First, there is no truncation of the integration! we are left with:
S2
S2

0 (x, x0 ) (J (x)) dx0 +
0 (x, x0 ) (J (x0 ) J (x)) dx0 +
0 (x, x0 ) (J (x)) dx0
0 (x, x0 ) =

S
2

S
2

Note that the middle integrand is zero at the origin and thus non-singular and requires no principle value to be taken.
S2
IN (x) =
0 (x, x0 ) (J (x0 ) J (x)) dx0
S
2

For the outside integrals,

S
2

IL (x) =

0 (x, x0 ) (J (x)) dx0 = J (x)

S
2

0 (x, x0 ) (J (x)) dx0 = J (x)

IR (x) =

0 (x, x0 ) dx0

S
2

0 (x, x0 ) dx0
S
2

The empiric formula cannot be used here since it was formulated to match the following integral:

(x) =
(x, x0 ) dx0

Instead use previous work by Brown for the integration of the 2D greens function on the whole surface except for some
interval around x, which I will label as IF
a

IF (x, a) =
(x, x) dx +
(x, x) dx

where is choosen to satisfy the two following conditions:

r


2
3
(2)
exp jk0 a + j
H1 (k0 a)
k0 a
4
and
(x) (x0 )
(x x0 ) 
x x0
in the domain x0 (a, ).
This function IF (x) was different for TE and TM polarization:



3
k 3 b2 ej 4 [b cos (ks x) b cos (3ks x)]
1
1
q
IFT E (x, a) = s
(1 j)

16
2
1 2Ks
1 + 2Ks
1 + (ks b) sin2 (ks x)
q

q


2
2

2f
(1

2K
)
k
a
2f
(1
+
2K
)
k
a
s
0
s
0

1 2Ks
1 + 2Ks

(
"
!#
r
1
2
TM
IF (x, a) = (bks ) cos (ks x) p
j + (1 + j) f
(1 + Ks ) k0 a

2 (1 + Ks )
Date: 2015-11-03.
1

S 3 ALTERNATE IMPLEMENTATION AND TM NON-SYMMETRIC ANALYTIC TAIL INTEGRATION

"

j + (1 j) f
+p
2 (1 + Ks )

!#)

2
(1 Ks ) k0 a

Where b is the surface amplitude, Ks = kk0s , and a is half the width of the region excluded from the analytical integration.
Returning to our original integration to be implemented, we have:

0 (x, x0 ) (J (x0 ) J (x)) dx0

S
2

= J (x)

S
2

0 (x, x0 ) dx0

(x, x ) (J (x ) J (x)) dx J (x)

(x, x ) dx +
S
2

"

S
2

= IN (x) J (x)

S
2

(x, x ) dx

(x, x ) dx +
S
2

Here it is important to note the definition of the integral function IFpol (x, a). It is defined as the integration excluding
some interval 2a wide around the observation point x.
"
#
S2
x+a

xa
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(x, x ) dx +
= IN (x) J (x)
(x, x ) dx +
(x, x ) dx
(x, x ) dx +

"

S
2

= IN (x) J (x)

S
2

xa

"

S
2

S
2

Xa

(x, x ) dx +

(x, x ) dx +
Xa

J (x)
= IN (x)
1 (x)

x+a

x+a
0

(x, x ) dx

(x, x ) dx +
S
2

#
0

(x, x ) dx +

x+a

x+a

xa

(x, x ) dx +

IFpol

(x, a)

S
S
Where x S
2 , 2 ,and
 a> 2




S
Note that for |x|  2 , there will be a large numerical integration required on one of the intervals: x a, S
or S2 , a
2
since the analytic integration of IFpol (x, a) requires a symmetric interval a. A smaller numerical integration should be possible
(x) (x0 )
to meet the conditions required in the derivation of the analytic integration of x x0 <
, so if IFpol can be modified
xx0
to work for a non-symmetric interval around x, much computation could be saved.
1.1. Non-symmetric interval derivation of of IFT M (x, al , au ).
1.1.1. Identification of the Lower and Upper Integrals. Following Dr. Browns derivation of the symmetric interval, deviating
where necessary,
s
!

2
2k0 {x0 x + (x) (x0 )} (2)
( (x) (x0 ))
q
H1
k0 |x| 1 +
(x) =
dx0
2
4j
2
2
(x)
0
(x) + ( (x) (x ))


(x) (x0 )
s
!
x0 sgn (x) +
2
|x|
k0
( (x) (x0 ))
(2)
q
H1
k0 |x| 1 +
dx0
=
2
2j
((x)(x0 ))2
(x)
2
1 +
x2
d (x0 )
d(xx)
dx
Let x = x x0 so that x0 = x x and dx = dx0 and dx0 = d(xx)
and = (x) (x0 )
dx
dx0 =
dx
n
o
s
!

2
k0 x sgn (x) + |x|
()
(2)
r
=
H1
k0 |x| 1 +
(dx)
2
 2
2j
(x)

2
1 + x

n
o
s
!

2
x + sgn(x)|x|
()
(2)
r
k0 |x| 1 +
F (x, x) =
H1
dx
2
 2
(x)

2
1 + x

k0
sgn (x) F (x, x) dx
=
2j
 0


k0
=
sgn (x) F (x, x) dx +
sgn (x) F (x, x) dx
2j
0
 0


k0
=
(1) F (x, x) dx +
(1) F (x, x) dx
2j
0

S 3 ALTERNATE IMPLEMENTATION AND TM NON-SYMMETRIC ANALYTIC TAIL INTEGRATION




k0
=

F (x, x) dx +
F (x, x) dx
2j
0
0
q
()2

Note that in the domain of x  we have x

 1, and thus 1 + (x)
2 1. Restricting the integration to this region:



k0
I1 ,2 (x) ==

F (x, x) dx +
F (x, x) dx
2j
1
2



k0
(2)
(2)
x (x + x) H1 (k0 |x|) dx +
{x (x x)} H1 (k0 |x|) dx
I1 ,2 (x, 1 , 2 ) =

2j
1
2
Increase the lower limits further so that
r


2
3
(2)
exp jk0 a + j
H1 (k0 a)
k0 a
4
"
#
r
r
r

k0 1 j 3
1
1
4
Ial ,au (x, al , au ) =
e
x (x + x)
exp (jk0 x) dx
{x (x x)}
exp (jk0 x) dx
2 j
x
x
al
au
Lets now examinex
(x x) = b cos (ks (x x)), thus x (x x) =

d(xx)
dx

= bks sin (ks (x x)) = bks e

= bks sin (ks (x + x)) = bks e

While, x (x + x) = d(x+x)
dx
Splitting the Ial ,au (x, al , au )into the upper and lower parts:

j(ks (x+x))

j(ks (xx))
ej(ks (xx))

2j

ej(ks (x+x))
2j

Ial ,au (x, al , au ) = Il (x, al ) + Iu (x, au )

Considering the two components of the integral separately:
r
r

k0 1 j 3
1
Il (x, al ) =
e 4
x (x + x)
exp (jk0 x) dx
2 j
x
al
r
r

k0 1 j 3
1
Iu (x, au ) =
e 4
{x (x x)}
exp (jk0 x) dx
2 j
x
au
1.1.2. Starting with the lower integral.
r

1
exp (jk0 x) dx
x
al
r
r

k0 1 j 3
1
ej(ks (x+x)) ej(ks (x+x))
e 4
exp (jk0 x) dx
bks
=
2 j
2j
x
al
r

ir 1
k0 bks j 3 h j(ks (x+x)k0 x)
j(ks (x+x)+k0 x)
4
=
e
e
e
dx
2 2
x
al
r

ir 1
k0 bks j 3 h j(ks x(ks +k0 )x)
=
e 4
e
ej(ks x+(ks +k0 )x)
dx
2 2
x
al
r

ir 1
k0 bks j 3 h jks x j(ks +k0 )x
jk
x
j(k
+k
)x
s
0
e
e
e s e
=
e 4
dx
2 2
x
al
With the following definitions:

= (ks + k0 ) x and d = (ks + k0 ) d (x). Note this means x = (ks +k

0)
t
t = (k0 ks ) x and dt = (k0 ks ) d (x). Note this means x = (k0 ks )
giving:
"
#
r


jks x
k0 bks j 3
ejks x
1
e
1
e 4 p
=
ejt dt p
ej d
2 2

t
(ks + k0 ) (ks +k0 )al
(k0 + ks ) (k0 +ks )al
Il (x, al ) =

Setting Ks =

k0 1 j 3
e 4
2 j

x (x + x)

ks
k0

"
#
r
r


bks j 3
ejks x
1
ejks x
1
jt
j
4
p
=
e
e
dt p
e
d
2
2t
2
(1 Ks ) (ks +k0 )al
(1 + Ks ) (k0 +ks )al

ej
d = 12 (1 j)
Since d (x) = 0 d (x) 0 d (x) and 0
2
(1.1)

"



#
bks (1 + j)
ejks x
(1 j)
ejks x
(1 j)

p
Il (x, al ) =
F ((k0 ks ) al ) p
F ((k0 + ks ) al )
2
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )

S 3 ALTERNATE IMPLEMENTATION AND TM NON-SYMMETRIC ANALYTIC TAIL INTEGRATION

1.1.3. Now for the upper integral:

r
Iu (x, au ) =

k0 1 j 3
e 4
2 j

r
{x (x x)}

au

1
exp (jk0 x) dx
x
j(ks (xx))
ej(ks (xx))

Recall, (x x) = b cos (ks (x x)), thus x (x x) = d(xx)

= bks sin (ks (x x)) = bks e
dx
r

ir 1
k0 j 3 bks h j(ks x(ks +k0 )x)
j(k
x+(k
+k
)x)
s
s
0
=
e
e
e 4
dx
2
2 au
x
r

ir 1
k0 j 3 bks h jks x j(ks +k0 )x
jk
x
j(k
k
)x
s
s
0
e
e
e
e
e 4
dx
Il (x, al ) =
2
2 au
x
With the following definitions:

= (ks + k0 ) x and d = (ks + k0 ) d (x). Note this means x = (ks +k

.
0)
t
t = (k0 ks ) x and dt = (k0 ks ) d (x). Note this means x = (k0 ks ) . Giving:
"
#
r
r


1
1
1 j 3 bks
ejks x
ejks x
j
jt

e
e
= e 4
d
dt
2

t
1 + Ks (ks +k0 )au
1 Ks (ks +k0 )au
2

ej

d = 12 (1 j)
Since d (x) = 0 d (x) 0 d (x) and 0
2

2j

 jks x 



(1 + j) bks
e
(1 j)
ejks x
(1 j)

(1.2)
Iu (x, au ) =
F ((k0 + ks ) au )
F ((k0 ks ) au )
2
2
2
1 + Ks
1 Ks
2
Note we will be able to combine terms for the 1-j parts to get a trigonometric coefficient but will not for the Fresnel integral
terms.
1.1.4. Confirming TM Matches Dr. Browns for au = al = a. Now as a check case, see if these non-symmetric tails reduce
to the symmetric case by setting au = al = a.
I (x, a) = Il (x, a) + Iu (x, a)
"



#
(1 j)
ejks x
(1 j)
ejks x
bks (1 + j)

p
Il (x, a) =
F ((k0 ks ) a) p
F ((k0 + ks ) a)
2
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )


 jks x 

ejks x
(1 + j) bks
e
(1 j)
(1 j)

F ((k0 + ks ) a)
F ((k0 ks ) a)
Iu (x, a) =
2
2
2
1 + Ks
1 Ks
2
Combining like terms:
"





#
ejks x ejks x
bks (1 + j) ejks x ejks x
(1 j)
(1 j)

p
I (x, a) =
F ((k0 ks ) a) p
F ((k0 + ks ) a)
2
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )
"

#


bks (1 + j) 2j sin (ks x) (1 j)
2j sin (ks x) (1 j)

p
=
F ((k0 ks ) a) p
F ((k0 + ks ) a)
2
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )
"



#
(1 + j)
1
(1 j)
1
(1 j)
p
= bks j sin (ks x)
F ((k0 ks ) a) p
F ((k0 + ks ) a)
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )
"
#
1
(1 + j) (1 j) (1 + j) F ((k0 ks ) a)
1
(1 + j) (1 j) (1 + j) F ((k0 + ks ) a)

p
= bks j sin (ks x) p

p
+
2
2
2
2
2
2
(1 Ks )
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )
(1 + Ks )
(1.3)

"
#
bks sin (ks x)
j
j
(1 + j) F ((k0 ks ) a) (1 + j) F ((k0 + ks ) a)

p
p
I (x, a) =
p

+
j
2
2
2 (1 Ks )
2 (1 + Ks )
(1 Ks )
(1 + Ks )

Note that bks sin (ks x) = x .

This matches Dr. Browns except for the trigonometric coefficient, which was cos (ks x) instead of j sin (ks x). This is easily
explained by a simple sign error in either his, or my calculations.