1.

(a)

(b)

any one from

1 (L6)

in the eggs and sperm

accept gametes or sex cells

on chromosomes

accept DNA
accept at fertilisation
answers must refer to both eggs and sperm
by sexual reproduction is insufficient

any three from

3 (L7)

choose zebras which look most like quaggas

breed from them or cross them
choose the most quagga- like offspring
breed from the offspring
repeat the process
accept for two marks mate the zebras with
most quagga genes
[4]

2.

(a)

(b)

(i)

Katie
Becca

(ii)

any one from

1 (L4)
their mother or Pam has freckles
their father or David has freckles
their parents have freckles
their grandmother or Mary has freckles
only family B has freckles
accept Rachel and Bill do not have freckles
accept a grandparent has freckles
accept their family or the family on the right
has freckles
accept freckles run in the family
accept family A does not have freckles

(iii)

his parents or Bob and Emily do not have freckles

1 (L4)
accept his family does not have freckles
accept his grandparents do not have
freckles
accept he is not in family B if the answer
for (ii) is only family B has freckles

(i)

egg cell
sperm cell

The British School of Bahrain

both answers are required for the mark

if more than two boxes are ticked,
award no mark

1 (L3)

both answers are required for the mark 1 (L4)

if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct
one mark for each incorrect tick minimum
mark zero

(ii)

reproductive system

if more than one box is ticked,

award no mark

1 (L4)
[5]

3.

(a)

any one from

1 (L3)

to make the measurements reliable accept it is hard to measure a bent finger

to make it fair
make sure the measurement is correct accept the measurement would be wrong
to make it accurate
(b)

(i)

mm

accept millimetres

(ii)

any one from

1 (L4)
some of the lengths appear in accept they did 65 twice or three times
more than one bar
some people were counted twice
the range varies for the bars accept correct references to specific
numbers eg they could not record
55.5 or 60.5 mm
some lengths are missed out accept suggestions for improving the
bar chart such as the last bar should
be 7175
the number are written wrongly is
insufficient

1 (L4)

(c)

observe pupils tongues

1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark

(d)

a bar drawn to 10

(e)

more children were recorded in

accept the converse
1 (L4)
investigation 1 than in investigation 2 accept 16 children recorded with
measurements 5060 mm. Only 14
children recorded in investigation 2
accept 36 people in the first investigation,
but only 14 in the second
accept there are more higher bars
accept higher bars
accept they add up to different numbers
numbers need not be precise for this mark
do not accept an answer which only
compares the number of bars on the bar
charts

1 (L3)

[6]

4.

(a)

(b)

brown eyes

accept eyes

1 (L7)

boy

answers may be in any order

do not accept height

1 (L7)

1.8 m tall

answers may be in any order

1 (L7)

600 N

accept height

1 (L7)

The British School of Bahrain

accept weight
accept speaks French
(c)

mass of pupil
circumference of head

1 (L7)
if more than two boxes are ticked,
1 (L7)
deduct one mark for each incorrectly ticked
box - minimum mark zero
[6]

5.

(a)

CO2 +
CaO

1 (L7)
1 (L7)
answers may be in either order
ignore multiples

(b)

(i)

sulphur dioxide

accept SO2
accept sulphur trioxide
accept SO3

1 (L7)

(ii)

calcium sulphate +
carbon dioxide

accept CaSO4
accept CO2

1 (L7)

answers may be in either order

[5]

6.

(a)

any one from

used up in burning

1 (L6)
accept oxygen burned
do not accept used up

it reacted with fuel or petrol

formed carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide
accept it has been turned into carbon
dioxide
(b)

(i)

water

accept steam or hydrogen oxide

do not accept hydroxide

1 (L6)

(ii)

it is poisonous or toxic

accept a reference to its being carried

1 (L6)
by the blood in preference to oxygen
accept it can form an explosive mixture with
air
do not accept it damages the lungs or it is
harmful
[3]

7.

(a)

3.5

(b)

It increases the time taken to react.

accept answers from 3.4 to 3.6

1 (L5)
1 (L5)

if more than one box is ticked, award no

mark
(c)

small intestine

(d)

any one from

liver

The British School of Bahrain

accept intestine
do not accept large intestine

1 (L5)
1 (L5)
3

 kidney
brain
heart
(e)

any one from

brain damage
low birth weight
premature birth or miscarriage
less or not enough oxygen
less or not enough nutrients
build up of carbon dioxide
or CO2 or waste

1 (L6)

accept kill the foetus

make the foetus ill is insufficient
accept not enough food

do not accept the baby gets no oxygen

do not accept the baby gets no food
less blood to foetus is insufficient
[5]

8.

(a)

(b)

(i)

water

accept H2O

1 (L5)

(ii)

carbon dioxide

accept CO2

1 (L5)

(i)

do not use antifreeze or methanol near a naked flame and do not swallow 1 (L5)
accept it catches fire easily and it is
poisonous
accept wash hands after use for do not
swallow
accept it is flammable or inflammable and it
is poisonous
both answers are required for the mark

(ii)

any one from

1 (L6)

water froze
the mixture froze
the contents froze
accept 10% antifreeze is not enough to stop
the water freezing
not enough antifreeze used is insufficient
do not accept it froze
and expanded

1 (L6)
[5]

The British School of Bahrain

10.

(a)

any one from

1 (L4)

the forces are balanced

ignore references to gravity if the answer is
in terms of balanced forces
the forces are equal or the same
the sides are equal is insufficient
the forces are both 1000 N

they pull with the same force

or equally hard
(b)

an arrow drawn to the right

The British School of Bahrain

accept the forces are both 1000

accept the newtons are even
do not accept both teams weigh 1000 N
accept both teams have the same strength
1 (L3)
accept an arrow drawn to the right anywhere
on the drawing

(c)

any one from

1 (L4)

team A pulled harder than

team B

accept team A pulled harder or team A pulled

more or they pulled harder
accept the converse

team A was stronger

accept they used more strength

team A was pulling with more than 1000

team B was pulling with less than 1000
there was more force to the left
(d)

accept there are more newtons to the left

1200 N

1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark

(e)

friction

1 (L4)
[5]

11.

(a)

1 (L5)

(b)

any one from

1 (L6)

he will remain stationary

accept he floats

he will continue moving at a constant speed

accept nothing

any one from

there is no net force

the pairs of forces are equal

1 (L6)

accept all the forces cancel out

accept they cancel each other out
accept the forces are balanced
the forces are equal is insufficient
(c)

accept any arrow drawn going up and

to the right

1 (L6)
[4]

12.

(a)

3 (L3)
th e w e ig h t o f th e
buggy

B
th e f o r c e p u llin g th e
b u g g y a lo n g
C
th e fr ic tio n b e tw e e n th e
s k is a n d th e s n o w

if more than one line is drawn from any

one force award no mark for that force

The British School of Bahrain

(b)

800

1 (L4)
accept 80 x 10

(c)

any one from

1 (L4)

(d)

it weighed more

the mass was greater

accept it was heavier

it weighed less at the end

accept it only weighed 130 at the end

accept there was more food or fuel
or supplies
accept more pressure

any one from

1 (L4)

they spread out the weight

accept they do not sink into the snow

accept wheels sink

they have a bigger surface or area

they can slide easily

accept they reduce the pressure
accept less friction
they are bigger is insufficient
it can slide is insufficient

(e)

any one from

there is a bigger surface or area

there is a bigger force

it catches more air or wind

1 (L4)

do not accept there is more air resistance

[7]

The British School of Bahrain

13.

(a)

(i)

four arrows, all towards the centre of the Earth

1 (L4)

all four arrows, correctly drawn, are

required for the mark
the arrows may be drawn outside the Earth

(b)

(ii)

ball hanging towards the centre of the Earth at B, C and D

1 (L4)
all three positions, B, C and D, are required
for the mark

(i)

365 days

accept 365

1 (L3)

(ii)

24 hours

accept 24

1 (L3)
[4]

14.

(a)

gravitational pull of the Sun

or the Suns gravity

(b)

any two from

(c)

accept gravity
accept weight

1 (L5)
2 (L6)

its average speed is lower

accept its speed is slower

or it travels more slowly

for most of its orbit the Suns

gravity is less

accept the pull of the Sun is weaker

or gravity is less

its orbit is longer

accept it travels further or the orbit is bigger

for most of its orbit it is further

from the Sun

accept it is further from the Sun

or further away

(i)

light from the Sun

reflects off Pluto and Neptune or the planets or them
accept for two marks sunlight reflects off
them
award the second mark only for the Sun
reflects off the planets

The British School of Bahrain

1 (L6)
1

(ii)

any one from

it is smaller

1 (L6)
accept it is small

it reflects less light

it absorbs more light
accept it is darker and smaller
do not accept it is further away ( from the
Earth) or it is further from the Sun
do not accept it is darker
[6]

15.

(a)

(i)

any two from

light from the Sun

2 (L6)
do not accept light from the Sun and stars

reflected from the moons surfaces

do not accept the Sun reflects off the
surface
travels from the moons to the eyes
accept they reflect sunlight for both marks
(ii)

any one from

1 (L7)

they reflect different amounts of light

accept they have different albedos
accept some are dark or they are different
colours
they are not the same size
accept one could be partly in the shadow of
Jupiter or another moon
(b)

0.68

(c)

the Sun
planets

the unit is not required for the mark

accept answers from 0.65 to 0.70

1 (L7)
1 (L6)

both answers are required for the mark

[5]

16.

(a)

The biceps contracts and the

triceps relaxes.

1 (L6)
if more than one box is ticked, award no
mark

(b)

to allow movement or bending

The British School of Bahrain

accept otherwise they would snap

1 (L6)
to allow our arms to stretch is insufficient

(c)

(i)

any one from

for smooth movement

1 (L5)
so you can move or bend is insufficient

to avoid or reduce friction

to prevent bones rubbing
together or wearing
down

accept to protect the bones

accept to absorb shocks
for protection is insufficient

to lubricate the joint

(ii)

any one from

the bones would rub
together or wear down

1 (L5)
accept more friction
friction is insufficient

pain

accept arthritis

stiffness

accept you cannot move or bend

movement would be
difficult

do not accept the arm will not work

[4]

17.

(a)

(i)

it pulls the leg or the femur outwards or to the side

accept it lifts the leg outwards or to the
side or the leg swings to the side or
outwards
do not accept it lifts the leg or it pulls the
leg upwards

(ii)

C and F

(iii)

any one from

letters may be in either order

both letters are required for the mark

it allows controlled or slow movements

accept so that movements are not jerky or
the relaxed muscle provides resistance to
movement
it allows small movements
accept the partially relaxed muscle holds
the limb in position
accept if they relaxed completely the person
would fall over
or it allows more rapid responses
(b)

(i)

cartilage

The British School of Bahrain

10

(ii)

any two from

ends of bones will rub against each other or become worn

accept there will be friction at the joint
do not accept the bones will hit each other
less smooth movement in the joint or stiffness in the joint
accept harder to move
inflammation or swelling
(c)

do not accept pain

(i)

to allow the arm to bend or move at the joint

accept to allow the arm to move
accept so they do not snap when the arm
bends or they need to be different lengths
when the joint moves
do not accept to allow bones to bend

(ii)

if they stretched they would not pull as much on the bones

1
accept they would have less effect on bones
or controlled movement would not be
possible or they would not pull as much
do not accept they would not pull on the
bone or they would not hold bones
[8]

The British School of Bahrain

11