GRADUATEPROGRAMMEINOPERATIONALRESEARCH

EXAMINATIONSCONDUCTEDBYTHE
OPERATIONALRESEARCHSOCIETYOFINDIA
GeneralInformation
TheConceptofO.R.
The application of Operational Research Technique of complex problems of an organization
involvestakingintoaccountthetotalsystemwhichinfluencesthedecisionmakingprocess.The
Operational Research not only considers all the factors in the environment and their
interrelationships, but tries to present these in a quantified form so that the implications of the
changeinanyofthefactorscanbeeasilyassessedOperationalResearchisanintegralpartofthe
multidisciplinaryareaofManagementPhilosophy.
The origin of Operational Research may be traced to the various scientific studies on military
operationsandlogisticproblemswhichwereundertakenbyteamsofscientistsandspecialistsin
U.K.andU.S.A.duringtheSecondWorldWar.Itwasonlyafterthewarthatthistypeofactivity
was extended beyond military context and have been known as Operational Research or
OperationsResearch.
RecentdevelopmentsinthefieldofcomputertechnologyhaveenabledOperationalResearchto
integrate their models into information systems and thus make O.R. a part of decision making
procedures of many organizations. Apart from application in military contexts, Operational
Reasearchprovidestechniquesfordecisionmakinginvariousindustries,businessorganization,
government,socialserviceorganizationsandpublicutilitiesfordealingwithsuchpropblmsas
production planning and scheduling, finance and investment planning under risk, materials
management, marketing and distribution, planning and manpower, traffic and transportation
planning for national economy, health planning and hospital management, educational system
andnationalintegration.
TheOperationalResearchSocietyofIndia.
The Operational Research society of India was established in 1957 with the objective of
promoting Operational Research and associated activities in our country. Today, it has a
membership of about 1000 with branches operating in various parts of the country. The
Secretariat of the Operational Research Society of India is located at 39, Mahanirban Road,
Kolkata 700029. The Society is affiliated to the International Federation of O.R. Societies (a
WorldOrganization).
The members of the Society have been actively participating in conferences, seminars,
conventions etc. in Operational Research and in other allied subjects held in India and abroad,
assistingotherorganizationsintrainingcourseinO.R.andconductingcoursesforvariouslevels
ofexecutives.
The first Annual Convention of the Society held in Kolkata in 1968 was a step forward in the
growthofOperationalResearchinIndia.Thisalongwiththesubsequentconventions,hasserved

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averyusefulpurposeintheexchangeofviewsandgenerationofnewideasamongOperational
Researchscientistandpractitionersbothintheoryandinpractice.
FollowingarethecategoriesofmembershipoftheSocietyforwhichfeespayableareasunder:
Sl.No.
1
2
3

Typeof
Membership
StudentMember
AnnualMember
LifeMember

Subscription

300/peryear
600/peryear
6000/lumpsum

ThefeesforAnnualandLifemembersincludethesubscriptiontothequarterlyjournal
OPSEARCH.Studentmembersmayreceivethejournalbypayingrequisitecharges.Issues
alreadypublishedinayearpriortothedateofpaymentofpublicationarenotguaranteed.The
feesaresubjecttorevision.Theannualfeescoveracalendaryear.
The demand from persons specially Mathematicians, Statisticians, Engineers, Economists and
AccountantsengagedinsuchdiversefieldsasIndustry,business,administration,spaceresearch,
universities, and other institution for participation in the rapidly growing field of scientific
endeavourcontinuestoincreasesteadily.Toprovideforsuchaparticipationonalargescale,the
Society introduced its Graduate Programme Examination in Operational Research in 1973 and
feelsexpansionofO.R.knowledgeinthiscountry.Theexaminationhasbeenrecognizedbythe
GovernmentofIndia,MinistryofHumanResourceDevelopmentinmemoNo.F.1843/78/T7
dated15thOctober1980.
GraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearch:NatureofExamination
Thisexaminationwillhavetwoparts(i)PartIsubjectsand(ii)PartIIsubjects.PartIwillhave
basic subjects, namely, Mathematics Statistics Economics Industrial Engineering and
Computer Programming Cost Accountancy and Introduction to Operational Research. Part II
will have four compulsory papers involving O.R techniques, such as Linear and Non Linear
Programming Inventory Theory Queuing Theory, Reliability and Simulation Network
Analysis, Investment and Replacement Theory and two ELECTIVEs from a set of subjects
namelyAdvancedMathematicsandStatisticsTheoryofGamesandStatisticalDecisionTheory
DynamicProgrammingControlProcessesO.R.inMarketingCyberneticsandEconometrics.
RulesfortheExaminationSystem
1. A candidate can appear in as many new subjects as he may chose in Part I at any
examination.
2. After qualifying in any three subjects in Part I, a candidate can appear in Part II in
addition to part I subjects, if any, skipping one examination following the first
examination he has appeared in Part I, with the limitation that he will be allowed to
appearinthreenewPartIIsubjectsatatime.Thislatterlimitationwillceaseaftertwo
yearsofhisregistrationfortheexamination.
3. Therewillbenolimittothenumberofbacksubjectsinwhichonecouldappearinany
examinationinanypart.

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4. A candidate who falls to clear both parts I and II in three years after registration, will
havetoregisterafresh,withallformalitiesandfees.
5. ThediplomaconferredoncompletionofthetwopartsisrecognizedbytheMinistryof
Human Resource Development, Government of India, Department of Education as
equivalenttoDegree.

ProgrammeofExaminations
ExaminationsinbothPartIandIIsubjectswillbeheldinthemonthofMayonanallIndiabasis
in Kolkata and in other cities, on the basis of enrolment. Announcement of the dates and
programmesoftheseExaminationswillbemadesufficientlyinadvance.Thedatesaresubjectto
changetomeetexigencies,butwillbedulyintimated.
ThecandidateintendingtoappearinMayinaparticularyearshouldcompletetheformalitiesfor
registrationandexaminationlatestbyby31Januaryoftheyearinwhichthecandidateoptsto
appearattheexamination..Thelistofbookswillbesentbyregistration.Acandidatemayalso
payallthefeesandsubmitalltheformsatthesametimetogether.
THECOURSESTRUCTUREANDSUBJECTS
PartI
Candidateswillberequiredtoqualifyasunderinthefollowingsubjects:
Subjects
1.
2.
3.
4.

Mathematics
Statistics
Economics
IndustrialEngg.&
ComputerPrg.
5. CostAccountancy
6. IntroductiontoO.R.

Onepaperwith
TotalMarks
100
100
100
50
50
100
100

QualifyingMarks
40
40
40
15
15Total=40
40
40

Time

3hours
Do
Do
Do

Do
Do

PartII
Candidateswillberequiredtoqualifyasunderinthefollowingsubjects:
Subjects

Compulsory
Onepaper
withTotal
Marks
NonLinear
100

1. Linear and
Programming
2. InventoryTheory
3. Queuing Theory, Reliability
andSimulation
4. NetworkAnalysis,investment
andReplacementTheory

QualifyingMarks

Time

40

3hours

100
100

40
40

Do
Do

100

40

Do

Electives
5&6eithertwosubjectselectedfromthefollowing:
(OnepaperwithTotalmarks100foreachsubject,pass40,Hours3)
i)AdvancedMathematicsandStatistics
ii)TheoryofGamesandstatisticalDecisionTheory
iii)DynamicProgrammins
iv)ControlProcesses
v)OperationalResearchinMarketing
vi)Cybernetics
vii)Econometrics

Noexemption,whatsoever,isgivenandacandidateisrequiredtoqualifyinallthepapersas
prescribed.
Distinctionwillbeawardedtocandidatessecuring60%oraboveinaggregate.
EXAMINATIONFEE
Registration

Rs.1,000.00

PartIonesubject

Rs.500.00

PartIIonesubject

Rs.500.00

Forbackpaperssamefeeforeachpaperasforfirstappearance.
PartIII

Rs.5,000.00

ASSESSMENTANDAWARD
Examinationresultswillnormallybeannouncedwithintwomonthsfromthecommencementof
an examination. Candidates passing all the subjects of both PartI & Part II will be awarded
appropriate Diploma as recognized by the Ministry of Human Resource Development,
GovernmentofIndia.
AgraduateofanyrecognizedUniversitypassingwithMathematicsasoneofthesubjectsandan
EngineeringGraduateandofnotlessthan18yearsofageiseligibletoappearintheGraduate
ProgrammeExaminationoftheSociety.ThoseGraduateswhohavenotdonemathematicsupo
the B.Sc level (pass degree course) will have to appear for a qualifying examination in
MathematicsalongwiththePartIsubjects.

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PROCEDUREFORENROLLMENT
AcandidatedesirousofappearingintheSocietysGraduateExaminationhastoregisterhis/her
namewiththesocietyfortheExaminationhe/shewouldberequiredto
1) applyforregistrationsfortheexaminationwiththesocietyintheenclosedformwitha
feeofRs.1,000/only
2) sendattestedcopiesofUniversitycertificates/marksheetsasevidenceofeligibilityof
appear.
3) SendattestedcopiesofHigherSecondaryExaminationoritsequivalentexamination
certificatesorothercertificatesasevidenceofage.
4) ApplyforpermissionafteroralongwithregistrationtoappearinpartIsubjectsinthe
printedformenclosed,withtherequisiteexaminationfees.(Rs.500/foreachpartI
paper)beforethelastdatesspecified.
Allthefeesarenonrefundableandnontransferable.Theexaminationfeesaregoodonlyforthe
specificexaminationonspecificdatesandwillotherwiselapseautomatically.
Paymentwillbeacceptedbydemanddraftdrawnonanynationalizedscheduledbankpayablein
Kolkataandcrossed,infavourofOperationalResearchSocietyofIndia.
Fortheseexaminationsthelastdateforreceivingapplicationsforregistrationandforpermission
toappearisJanuary31fortheMayexamination.
DESCRIPTIONOFTHESUBJECTS
(Syllabus)
PartI
1.Mathematics
Different of parametric integrals Optimization of functions of several variables (classical
theory),Fourierseries,simplecasesofcalculusofvariation.Laplacestransform,Ztransform.
Linear differential equations with constant coefficient. Sets and functions, matrix algebra,
quadraticforms,vectorspaces.Finitedifferences,factorialpolynomials,interpolation,methodof
leastsquares,lineardifferenceequations.
ReferenceBooks:
1. K.Hoffman&RayKunze,LinearAlgebra,PrenticeHall,India(1972).
2. Das&Mukherjee,DifferentialandIntegralCalculus,U.N.Dhar
3. ShepleyL.Ross,DifferentialEquations,Wiley,1984.
4. Ghosh&MaitiDifferentialEquations,U.N.Dhar
2.Statistics
ElementaryProbabilityTheory.
Probability as the study of chance events frequency and axiomatic approaches to probability,
fundamental concepts and postulates addition and multiplication laws, conditional probability,
independence etc. Discrete/ continuous random variables and probability distributions.

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Distribution functions and probability density/frequency functions. Mathematical expectations,
variance, moments, probability/MomentGenerating functions. Distributions of more than one
variable conditional/ marginal distributions etc. Laws of Large Numbers and Central Limit
theorem.
DescriptiveStatistics
Introduction, compilation and summarization of data histograms, frequency distribution etc.
Measures of Central Tendency and of dispersion, moments. Distribution theorydiscrete and
continuousdistributions.Regressionandcorrelationlinearandmultiplelinear.
SamplingDistributions/StatisticalInferenceTestsofHypothesis.
Sampling distribution of simple average, variance, chisquare, students T and F distribution.
Basicconceptsofstatisticalinference,pointintervalestimates,maximumlikelihood,leastsquare
and method of moments. Basic concepts of hypothesis testing, tests of significance of means,
variancesetc.
AnalysisofVariance
Onewayandtwowayanalysisofvariance.
Referencebooks:
1.FundamentalofStatistics(Vol.I)Goon,Gupta&Dasgupta,WorldPress.
2.Probability,StatisticsandQueuingTheorywithComputerScienceApplications(2ndEdition)
ArnoldO.Allen,Elsevier.

3.Economics
MicroEconomics
TheoryofDemand
Technologyandcosts
Marketstructure,equilibriumoftheFirmandtheIndustry.WelfareTheoryoptimalityin
resourceallocation.
Limitationofthemarketsystemtheneedandmethodofmarketintervention.
MacroEconomics
Nationalincomeaccounting,incomeidentities.
Thecircularflowofincomeconsumptionfunctionmultipliertheory.
InvestmentdecisiondiscountingformulaeGovernmenttaxesandexpenditure.

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Demandofmoneyinterestratesgeneralequilibriumofproductandmoneymarket.
Unemploymentandinflation,useoffiscalandmonetarypolicies.
Referencesbooks:
1. SamuelsonandNordhausEonomics.
2. Pindyck,R.S.andRubinfeld,D.L.Microeconomics
3. AnindyaSenMicroeconomics:TheoryandApplications
4. JosephE.StiglitzEconomicsofthePublicSector
5. N.GregoryMankiwMacroeconomics
6. OlivierBlanchardMacroeconomics
7. S.SikdarPrinciplesofMacroeconomics

4.IndustrialEngineering&ComputerProgramming.
A.IndustrialEngineering
Origin and development, systematic, graphical and analytical techniques to study systems
problems for better utilization of human and physical resourcesmethods of Improvement and
time measurement, Work sapling, job evaluation, Merit rating, wage payment and incentives,
plant layout and material handling, value analysis. Application of Industrial Engineering
techniquesandprincipleinnonindustrialareastoimproveproductivity.
Referencebooks:
1. MotionandTimeStudy:DesignandMeasurementofWorkbyRalphM.Barnes,JohnWiley
&Sons
2. IntroductiontoWorkStudy,GeorgeKanawaty,InternationalLabourOrganization
3. FundamentalsofQualityControlandImprovement,AmitavaMitra,JohnWiley&Sons
4. IndustrialEngineeringandOrganizationManagement,SKSharmaandSavitaSharma,SK
Kataria&Sons
5. PrinciplesandPracticeofManagement,LMPrasad,SultanChand&Sons

B.ComputerProgramming.
Digital and analogue computers, basic components of a computer system, computer language
andarithmetic,useofbinarycoding,theFORTRANlanguage,completeprogrammesforsome
solvedproblems,designanduseofproblemorientedlanguages.
ReferenceBooks:
1. V.Rajaraman,ComputerProgramminginC,PrenticeHallIndia,1994.
2. B.KernighanandD.Ritchie,TheCProgrammingLanguage,PrenticeHallIndia,1995.
3. E.Balagurusamy,IntroductiontoComputing,TMH.
4. F.S.Schied,TheoryandProblemsofComputersandProgramming.

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5.CostAccountancy
CostsystemsCostaccountsControlaccountsandsubsidiaryledgersReconciliationofCost
andfinancialAccountsintegratedsystemsofcostaccounting.
Material control Purchasing and accounting Stores keeping and material recording Stores
ledgerFixationofstoreslevelsPricingstoresissuesPhysicalinventory,Materialsissuanceand
accounting,Scrap,wastageandspoilage.
Payrollaccounting,Timekeeping,Recordingattendance,Elapsed,time,preparationoffactory
payrolllabourtimepricingEmployeeremunerationandincentive,labourturnover.
OverheadsManufacturing,overheadaccumulationdistributionandabsorption,administrative
overheadsellinganddistributionoverheads.
Methodsofcosting,jobordercostsystemprocesscostsystemproductandpayproductcosting.
Budgetandbudgetarycontrol
StandardcostDirectmaterialscostvariabcesDirectWagesvariancesmanufacturingoverhead
costvariancesCostvarianceReportsStandardforadministrativeoverheadsAdministrative
overheadvariancesstandardfordistributioncostdistributioncostvarianceDepositionof
variance.
Marginalcosting,costvolumeprofitrelationship,Differentialprofitsandspecialcostanalysis.
Uniformcostaccountingandinterfirmcomparison.Presentationofinformation.
CostAudit.
Referencebooks:
1. CostAccountingbyBasu&Das.
2. CostAccountingProblems&SolutionsbyV.K.Saxena&C.D.VashistpublishedbySultan
Chand&Sons.
3. An Introduction to Financial Management by Mazumdar, Ali & Nesha published by ABS
PublishingHouse.
6.IntroductiontoOperationalResearch.
System and process basic concepts in and scope of Operational Research, formulation of
problems, designs of models in O.R. deriving solutions from models, sensitivity analysis
introducing to some Operational Research Techniques including linear programming, dynamic
programming, queuing theory, theory of games, inventory theory and simulation, Emphasis on
decisionmakingapplications.
Referencebooks:
1.ManagementScienceModelingAlbrightandWinston(CengageLearning).
2.OperationsResearchJ.K.Sharma(MacmillanIndiaLtd.).
3.IntroductiontoManagementScienceF.S.HillierandM.S.Hillier(TataMcGrawHill).
4.PrincipalsofOperationResearchH.M.Wagner(PrenticeHall).

9
5.OperationsResearchPrinciplesandPracticeRavindran,PhillipsandSolberg(Wiley).
6.OperationalResearchAnIntroduction,H.A.Taha(Macmillan).
7.IntroductiontoOperationsResearchHillierandLieberman(McGrawHill).

PartII
COMPULSORYSUBJECTS
1.LinearandNonlinearProgramming
Convexsets,extremepoints,spheresandhyperplanes,convexpolyhedra,convexandconcave
functionsandtheirproperties.Pseudoconvexandquasiconvexfunction,developmentoflinear
programming,simplexmethodandrelatedalgorithm,assignmentandtransportationtechniques,
degeneracy, duality theory and applications sensitivity analysis and pricing problems, the
decompositiontheoreticmethods,branchandboundtechniques.
Formulationofnonlinearprogrammingproblem,generaliasedLargrangemultipliers,theKuhn
Tucker optimality theorem, duality theorem, nonlinear programming algorithms including
beales, Wolfes and Rosens methods, Zoutendijks method of feasible directions, penalty
functionmethod,basicconceptsofgeometricprogramming,posynominalprogramming,duality,
uniquenessandcharacterizationofsolutions.
2.InventoryTheory
Thenature,ifinventorysystemintroductiontothemathematicaltheoryofinventorycontrol,
singleandmultistageinventorymodels,integratedapproachestoproductioninventoryandto
maintenanceinventoryproblems,Feedbackcontrolininventorymanagement,optimalinventory
policiesindeterministicandstochasticmodels,dynamicprogrammingandstationaryanalysisof
inventoryproblems,periodicreviewmodelswithstochasticdemands,dynamicinventory
models,multiechelonproblems.
3.QueuingTheory,ReliabilityandSimulation
Queuingsystems,arrivalandserviceprocesses,queuingcharacteristicsandterminology,single
server and multiserver models, channels in parallel and in series with limited and unlimited
queuesM/M/1,M/M/C,M/G/1,GI/M/1,G/M/C,GI/GI/1models,Erlangandhyperexponential
distributions,costmodelsandoptimization,useofMonteCarlomethodstoproductionplanning,
scheduling,equipmentmaintenance,inventoryandtrafficcontrolproblems.
Elementsofreliabilitytheory,failurerates,extremevaluedistributions,analysisofstochastically
failingequipmentincludingthereliabilityfunction,maintenancepoliciesincludingcalculusand
dynamicprogrammingformulations,reliabilitiesandgrowthmodels.
Role of simulation in system analysis, use of computer languages to programme simulation
models,randomnumbergenerationandtestingtimecontrolflowdiagramforsimulationmodels
statistical aspects of simulation analysis including validation variance reduction experimental
design,validityofresults,modelinitializationandautocorrelateddateselectedapplications.

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4.NetworkAnalysis,InvestmentandReplacementTheory.
Introduction to the theory of graphs, directed networks, the maximum flow minimum cut
theorem, shortest foute problems decision trees, critical path method, PERT, Probablistic
conditionaldecisionnetworkanalysis,planningandspaceschedulingproblems.
Equilibrium pricing of capital assets under uncertainty and its implication for evaluating the
performanceofinvestmenttrustsandportfolios,effectofdividendpolicy,simulationmodelsfor
strategyofinvestmentinstocks,mathematicalprogrammingmethodsofcapacityexpansionof
firmsandplantexpansionunderuncertainty.
Equipment replacement policies in deterministic and stochastic cases, replacement models for
unboundedhorizonsanduncertaincost,replacementinanticipationoffailure,groupreplacement
policy,preventivereplacementschemethegeneralrenewalprocessmarkoviandecisionmodels
inreplacementtheory.

ELECTIVESUBJECTS
1.AdvancedMathematicsandStatistics
Selectedtopicsofmatrixalgebra,linearpartialdifferentialequationsoffirstandsecondorder,
simultaneous and partial difference equations differentialdifference equations, topological
spaces, metric spaces, normed spaces, linear functional, linear operators, simple types of
functionalequations.
Analysis of variance, partial and multiple correlation, design and analysis of experiments,
introduction to stochastic process, stationary and ergodic process. Markov process, prediction
theory, stochastic allocation and control problems, selected applications in traffic flow,
inventory,damandstorage,engineeringdesignandoptimalcontrolproblems.
2.TheoryofGamesandStatisticalDecisionTheory
Mathematicalformulationofconflictdecisionproblemsasagame,extensiveandnormalforms
ofagame,finitegamesandlinearprogramming,theminimaxtheoremandthevalueofgame,
optimalstrategies,finitegamesofperfectinformation,gameswithaninfinitenumberofmoves,
gamesoftiming,gamesofsequencegenerationandprediction,differentialgames,management
gamesfordecisionmakingunderconditionsofcompetitionanduncertainty.
Gamesagainstnature,theoryofutilityfunctions,completeclasstheoremsfordecisionfunction,
Bayesian decision functions, Optimality criterion, multiple decision rules sequential decision
problems Applications to statistical inference, acceptance sampling, control theory and
problemsineconomics.
3.DynamicProgramming
BasicconceptsofDynamicProgramming,generalstructureofDynamicProgramming,Problem
formulationandsolution,Problemsindeterministic,probabilisticandadaptivecases.

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Computation aspects of Dynamic Programmingapproximations in functions space and policy
space.Successiveapproximations.
SequentialDecisionprocesswithandwithoutdiscounting,HowardsAlgorithm.
Applicationstoeconomic,industrial,controlandmathematicalproblems.
4.ControlProcesses
Thecontrolprocessesapproachtosystemanalysis,typesofcontrolprocessesfinite,andinfinite
discreteandcontinuous,scalarandmultidimensional,categorizationofcontrolprocessoptimal
control, stochastic control and adaptive controls, solution of problems in control process by
methods of calculus of variation, Pontryagins maximum principle, dynamic programming and
functionalanalysis,applicationstoproblemsinengineering,operationsresearchandeconomics.
5.O.R.inMarketing
Introduction:Methodsofmeasurement,Decisionmakinginacompany,Marketingincontextof
overallcompanystrategy.OperationalResearchinMarketingStateoftheart,Modelsofmarket
structure.
Allocation of marketing budget static models, limitedbudget problems Models of market
response marketing games market simulations stochastic models of consumer response.
Markov models, learning models, methodological considerations in the stochastic models for
marketing.
Advertisingdecisionsdeterminationofadvertisinggoals,determinationofadvertisingbudget,
mediamix,copythemes.
Pricingdecision:classicaleconomicmodels,competitivemodels,estimatingdemand
relationships.
Distributiondecision:natureofdistributionsystemmeasuresofcostandavailability
measurementscienceindistributiondecisions.
Personalsellingdecisions:sizeofpersonnelallocationofsaleseffortovertimeand
geographicalareasschedulingandrouting.
Newproductdecisionsdemandmodel,costmodel,profitmodel,uncertaintymodel,decision
model,implementationofnewproductdecision.
ManagementinformationSystemsandmarketing,prospectivedevelopmentinOperational
ResearchinMarketing.
6.Cybernetics
(Theemphasiswillbeprimarilyontheapplicationaspectofcyberneticsinoperationalresearch).

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Cybernetic approach: Definition of Cybernetic system varieties meaning of isomorphism and
homomorphismmetasystem, subsystem, blackboxes etc concept of feedback, stability
sensitivityconfilictbetweenstabilityandsensitivitystochasticanddeterminatesystems.
(Through emphasis will be on the physical concept, elements of algebraic structure will be
introduced).
Elements of information Theory: Shannons theory measurement of information, concept of
entropy, concept of ergodicity (Birkhoff), information transferstatistics of the communication
problemsapplicationinindustrialprocess.
ElementsofNetworktheory:graphtheorysimpleapplicationsofnetworkproblems.
Applications in Economics: Forecasting models (with applications) Marketing Models (with
applications)useofsimpledifferentialequationsPlanningModels(includingappraisalofinput
modelofleontief).
A few problems in Social Cybernetics: Analysis of conflicts (with game theoretic approach),
problemofadaptivizationvisvisoptimizationhierarchy(Mesarovicsmodels).
7.Econometrics
RegressionMethodsClassicalleastsquaresrefiewoftheory,computationalprocedure,multico
linearity,curvillinearity,regressions,useofdrummyvariables.
No spherical Disturbance and generalized least squares heteroseedastivity and auto correlated
disturbancesestimationmethods,testsofnonsphericalnesstheDurbirWastonstatistic.
Qualitativeandlimiteddependentvariables,useofextraneousinformation.
Stochasticregressorsindependentstochasticlinearregressionsautoregressivelinearregression
distributedlagmodelserrorsinvariables,groupingmethods.
Simultaneousequationsystemsleastsquaresbiastheproblemsofidentificationorderandrank
conditions for identifyability: indirect least squares, structural estimation singleequation
methods(twostagesquares,limitedinformation,Kclassestimators)andsystemmethods(three
stage least squares, full information) recursive models comparison of various estimators
asymptotic properties, MonteCarlo Studies forecasting the multipliers final forms direct
estimationofreducedforms.
ApplicationsAnalysisofsizedistributiontheLorenzCurvePareto,lognormalandloglogistic
distribution (probability models leading to pareto and lognormal distribution concentration in
business or industry). Statistical demand analysis, the demand function elasticity of demand,
Engel Curve analysis form household budgetsalgebraic forms, effect of household size and
composition the specific concentration curve, demand projections based on Engel Curve
estimationofdemandfunctionsfromtimeseriesdatatheproblemsofidentificationetc.pooling
ofcrosssectionandtimeseriesdata:theCobWebmodelsthelinearexpendituresystem.

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SyllabusfortheQualifyingExaminationinMathematics
[TobetakenbyGraduateswithoutMathematicsofB.Sc.standardwhointendtoappearinthe
GraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearchExamination]
DifferentialandIntegralCalculus
Functions of single variable, limits and continuity of functions, inverse functions, differential
coefficientsinterpretation as rate measurer, techniques of differentiation for products and
quotients, functions, trigonometric functions, logarithmic and exponential functions etc.
successivedifferentiation,Rolesandmeanvaluetheorems,differentialstaylorsandMaclurins
theoremswithdifferentformsofremainders,maximaandminimaconditionsforexistenceand
applicationstosimplecases.
Integration as a sum and as the reverse process of differentiation, standard forms, methods of
integrationintegration by substitution, integration by parts, integration of rational fractions,
elementary properties of definite integrals, evaluation of standard definite integrals involving
trigonometricfunctions,calculationofvolume,surface,momentofinertiaofsimplebodies.
ElementaryDifferentialEquation
Familyofcurvesrepresentedbydifferentialequations,degreeandorderofequation,solutionof
first order differential equations of different typevariables separable, homogenous, linear and
exact, solution of second order differential equations with constant coefficients, use of the
methodofoperatorsinfindingtheparticularintegralofsecondorderequationofformf(D)y=
h(x),whereh(x)constant,xn,enxcosbx.etc.applicationstoproblemsindifferentareas.
Algebra
Determinants and their properties, minors and cofactors, addition and multiplication of
determinants,adjointofadeterminant,Laplacesdevelopmentsofdeterminants,symmetricand
skewsymmetricdeterminants,solutionoflinearequationsbycramersrule.
Matricesdefinitions, different types of matrices, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication
andtransportationofmatrices.
PartIII
OnlycandidateswhoarediplomaholdersinOperationalResearchofthisSocietyareeligibleto
pursuethePartIIIofferedbytheSociety(ThisPartisyettoberecognized).
AcandidatewhohasregisteredforthePartIIIprogrammeoftheSocietyistocompletethePart
IIIprogrammeoftheSocietyinoneyearbywritingadissertationonatopicdulyapprovedby
theO.R.SocietyofIndia.Theintendingcandidate(agraduatediplomaholderofthesociety)is
tosubmitasynopsis(threecopies)oftheprojecttobeundertakentogetherwiththenameandthe
Biodataoftheguideunderwhomthecandidateproposestowritethedissertationalongwitha
letterofconsentoftheproposedguide.TheO.R.SocietyofIndiaafterareviewbyapanelof
experts decides whether the proposed project could be undertaken or not. Once the Society
permitsthecandidatetocarryouttheprojectworkheissupposedtosubmitthreecopiesofthe

14
dissertation for adjudication by the panel of experts appointed by the Society. On unanimous
recommendationforapprovalofthedissertation,thecandidateissupposedtoappearforaviva
voce before an expert. On his satisfactory performance at the vivavoce, the Society considers
that its Part III programme has been completed and the candidate is offered the PostGraduate
DiplomainO.R.
Theprojectcouldbeonappliedortheoreticalproblemsapartofwhichshouldbeonreallife
problems.
ThedecisionstoapproveorrejectadissertationlieswiththeSociety.Theexaminationfeesfor
the Part III Programme is Rs.5000/ to be paid by a Bank Draft in favour of Operational
ResearchSocietyofIndiapayableinKolkataalongwiththedulycompletedform.

INSTRUCTIONFORCANDIDATES
PleasereadthefollowinginstructionsbeforefillingintheExaminationRegistrationformforthe
GraduateProgrammeinOperationalResearchExamination.
1. PersonswillingtoappearinPartIandPartIIExaminationsconductedbytheSociety
should at least be either engineering graduates of graduates in other disciplines with
MathematicsasoneofthesubjectatB.AorB.Sc.levelfromanyrecognizeduniversity/
Institution.
2. Othergraduateswillbavetotakethequalifyingexaminationinmathematics.
3. ThecandidateshastobecomeamemberoftheSociety.Thecandidatecanenrolleither
asStudentMemberofasMember.Thismembershipwillhavetobecontinued.
4. IncasethepersonisalreadyamemberoftheSocietyhe/shehastomentionthenameof
thebranchattachedtointhespaceprovidedintheexaminationregistrationformand
enclosethereceiptofmembershipsubscriptionpaidforthecurrentyear.Ifthereceipt
is missing, a letter from the Hony. Secretary or the Branch concerned needed.
Membershipfeecoversacalendaryear.
5. Acandidatewhoisnotalreadyamemberofthesocietyandiswillingtoregisterhis/her
namewiththeSocietyfortheexamination,willhavetofillintwoformsnamely
(i)membershipformand(ii)examinationregistrationformavailableinthewebsite.The
candidatewillhavetoenclosethephotocopyofhis/hergraduationcertificateandmark
sheetswiththeexaminationregistrationform:

15
Thecandidatewillhavetopaythefollowingmembershipfee:
Either
StudentMemberAnnualSubscription
entitledtogetthequarterlyjournalOPSEARCH)

Rs.300/(astudentmemberisnot

or
MemberAnnualSubscription

Rs.600/

Rs.6000/(onetime)

or
LifeMember

6. Theexaminationfee(forGraduateProgramme)maybepaidalongwiththeregistration
orthereafterwithintheduedatesenclosingtheprescribedformproperlyfilledin.
7. Payment in all cases will be crossed bank draft drawn in favour of Operational
ResearchSocietyofIndiapayableinKolkata.Thetotalamountoffeesmaybesentin
aconsolidatedbankdraftinsteadofmultipledraftsfordifferentitems.

SomeInformationandRules
1. TheexaminationsystemisrecognizedbytheMinistryofHumanResourceDevelopment,
GovernmentofIndia.
2. TwoGradesareoffered:Distinction&Pass
ThosewhowillqualifyinallthesixsubjectsinonegoatthefirstattemptinPartIand
get60%marksinaggregatewillbeawardedDistinction.IncaseofPartII,ifcompleted
intwofirstattemptswithoutbacksubjects,obtaining60%inaggregate,willqualifyfor
Distinction.
Passonobtainingaminimumof40%ineachsubject.
3. Detailsaboutdissertationisavailableonapplication.
4. Onceacandidateobtainspassmarksinapaper(40%with15/50incaseofhalfpaper),
thecreditisstoredforfuture.
5. TheSocietyorganizesnocorrespondencecourse.
6. Alistoftextandreferencebookswillbesuppliedonregistration.
7. A candidate can appear in as many new subjects as he may choose in Part I at any
examination.
8. After qualifying in any three subjects in Part I, a candidate can appear in Part II in
additiontoPartIsubjects,Ifany.

16
9. Therewillbenolimittothenumberofbacksubjectsinwhichonecouldappearinany
examinationinanypart.
10. A candidate who fails to clear both parts I and II in three years after registration, will
havetoregisterafresh,withallformalitiesandfees.
11. The examinations on both Part I and Part II subjects will be held in the month of May
everyyear.