Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANTECEDENT
A. Background of Problem
All of us possible have a lot of hearing dreadful story about HIV / aids. that
Penyebrangan AIDS take place quickly and possible have now there is around us.
Hitherto not yet there is drug which can heal the AIDS, even disease which in this time
not yet can be prevented with the vaccine. But all of us needn't fear. If healthy us
berprilaku and hold responsible and also ever hold the firmness of religion teaching,
hence we will free from the HIV / aids.
B.Purpose process of writing
handing out is done/conducted to fulfill target expected can be of benefit to all of
us in adding science and knowledge. detailedly is intention of research and this handing
out writing is :
1. Knowing cause AIDS and also generated danger
2. Knowing the way of prevention HIV / AIDS.
C.Metode Writing
To get the data and information needed by a writer utilize the method of
observation and bibliography. As for technique Ctilized at this research shall be as
follows
Book Study of At this method, writer read the book and literature of which deal
with this handing out writing
Internet of At this method is writer, also look for the items of which deal with this
writing in intern.
CHAPTER II
THEORY STUDY
HIV ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
center / RNA. Two species of HIV of human being infection: HIV-1 And HIV-2. HIV-1 is
more " virulent" and catching easier, and represent the source from most infection HIV in
all the world; HIV-2 of most shut-in still in west African ( Reeves And Doms, 2002).
species of early in west African and middle, jump out of the primata to human being in a
process which is known as by zoonosis.HIV-1 evolution have from a simian
immunodeficiency virus ( SIVCPZ) found in subspesies chimpanzee, Pan Troglodyte
troglodyte ( Gao Et al., 1999).HIV-2 jumping species from a different strain SIV, found in
sooty mangabeys, old world monkey of Guinea-Bissau ( Reeves And Doms, 2002).HIV-1
owning 3 group or grup succeeded identified [by] pursuant to difference of at envelopenya that is M, N, and O ( Thomson Dkk, 2002).
biggest Group M of prevalensinya and divided by into 8 subtipe of pursuant to
entire/all genomnya, what is each differing geographically ( Carr Dkk, 1998). biggest
Subtipe of prevalensinya is subtipe B ( a lot of found in African and As subtipe A and D
( a lot of found in African), and C ( a lot of found in African and Asian); this subtipesubtipe represent the part of group M from HIV-1. Ko-Infeksi by subtipe is which
berrbeda improve the sirkulasi form the rekombinan ( Catching CRFs)PenularanHIV
through/ passing relation/link of kelamin and coitus oral, or through/ passing anus, blood
transfusion, use with needle terkontaminasi of [through/ passing] hypodermic medicinize
and in health treatment, and [among/between] mother and its baby during a period of/to
pregnancy, birth and a period of/to suckling. UNAIDS Transmission. Use of physical
Protector of like condom latex suggested to lessen the infection HIV of through/ passing]
seks.
Lately, suggested that by a circumcision can lessen the risk of spreading of virus
HIV expert believe that this matter still too early to recommend the boy circumcision in
order to preventing HIV.Pada year-end 2004 estimated by among/between 36 till 44
million one who live by HIV, 25 million among other things is resident of sub-Sahara
African. Estimate sum up one who infection HIV in all the world in the year 2004 is
among/between 4,3 million till 6,4 million people. ( AIDS Epidemic update the
December 2004).Wabah this do not flatten in region certain wilayan caused by more
suffering nations than the other. Even at state level even also there is its infection level
difference at different area. Sum up one who live by HIV increasing in all world shares,
though have been done/conducted by various preventive action which ketat.Sub-Sahara
African remain to represent the most incured by hard area of HIV of among pregnant
woman clan at age 15-24 year in a number of state over there. This anticipated by
because of to the number of venereal disease, practice incise the body, blood transfusion,
and obsolence mount the health and gizi over there ( Bentwich Et al., 1995). In the year
2000, WHO approximating that 25% blood unit which transfusion in African do not dites
for the HIV OF, and that 10% infection HIV in that continent is happened to by pass the
blood.Di Asia, epidemic HIV especially because of all anaesthetic consumer pass the
hypodermic needle, good coitus of antarpria and also with the commercial worker seks,
and its cutomer/ client, and also their couple seks. Its prevention still less memadai.
Struktur HIV differ in structure by retrovirus explained previously. Level of about
120 nm in diameter ( per 120 billion metre, about 60 times smaller than red corpuscle)
and its[his] harsh " spherical"
AIDS ( Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
which loo like groaning other species ( SIV, FIV, and so called lain-lain).Virusnya by
xself Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( or shortened by HIV) that is virus weakening
impenetrability of at human being body. One who is incured by this virus will become the
rentan to infection oportunistik and or is easy to incured by tumor.
hough handling which there have earned to slow down fast of virus growth, but
this disease not yet really can disembuhkan.HIV and virus of a kind contagious generally
through/ passing direct contact among/between husk coat in ( membrane mukosa) or
blood stream, with the pregnant body dilution of HIV, like blood, sperma, vagina dilution,
dilution preseminal, and irrigate the milk ibu.Infection can be happened by through/
passing intimate relation/link ( vaginal, anal, and or oral), blood transfusion, hypodermic
needle which terkontaminasi, among/between mother and baby of during pregnancy,
copying, or suckling, and also form the other contact with dilution of body of
tersebut.Para of man of science generally have a notion that AIDS come from African
Sub-Sahara.4 Nowadays AIDS have come to the disease epidemic. AIDS of infection
Estimate have 38,6 million people in all the world.
At January 2006, UNAIDS cooperate by WHO estimate that AIDS have caused
the death more than 25 million people of since is first time confessed at date of 5 June
1981. Thereby, this disease represent one of epidemic most killing in history. AIDS
claimed by have caused the death as much 2,4 till 3,3 million soul in the year just 2005,
and more than 570.000 soul among other things is child One-Third from this death
amount is happened in African Sub-Sahara, so that slow down the economic growth and
break the strength of human resource over there .
real treatment Antiretrovirus can lessening death storey;level and its his hard is
infection HIV, but access to the medication is not made available in all social
negara.Hukuman for patient HIV / aids, heavier generally if/when compared to by a
disease patient kill other. Sometimes the social penalization also partake thrusted upon to
worker of health or volunteer, in concerned in taking care of one who live by HIV / aids
( ODH)
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body. this infection Oportunistik is inclusive of infection of Mycobacterium aviumintracellulare and virus sitomegalo. virus Sitomegalo can cause the trouble chafe at large
intestine ( kolitis) is such as those which explained above, and trouble chafe at retina eye
( retinitis sitomegalovirus), which can cause the blindness. Infection which is because of
mushroom of Penicillium marneffei, or referred as by Penisiliosis, nowadays is third
infection oportunistik is which most commonly ( after tuberkulosis and kriptokokosis) at
one who are positive of HIV in endemic area of South-East Asia
Cause
new HIV multiply the visible x'self pop out as small circle ( coloured by the of
green) at surface limfosit after groaning the cell; seen with the microscope elektron.AIDS
represent the hard form for effect of of infection HIV. HIV is retrovirus which usually
groan the vital organ of system of human being impenetrability, like cell of T CD4+ ( of a
kind cell T), makrofag, and cell dendritik. Damage HIV of cell of T CD4+ directly and
indirectly, though cell of T CD4+ required by system of to impenetrability of body can
function goodness. . If/When HIV have killed the cell of T CD4+ till its amount decrease
till less than 200 per mikroliter ( L) Blood, hence impenetrability in cell storey;level
will lose, and as a result is condition of[is so-called AIDS.
Acute Infection of HIV will continue to become the infection of laten klinis,
later;then arise the symptom of infection HIV of early, and finally AIDS; identified by
checking amount of cell of T CD4+ in blood and also the existence of certain infection .
Some expert feel concerned about that perception of[is lack of susceptance HIV of at men
circumcise, can improve the behavior of sexual beresiko so that lessen the impact from
effort this prevention .Pemerintah of United States and various health organization
suggest the ABC Approach to degrade the risk incured by HIV of through/ passing
relation/link seksual. As for its formula in Ianguage Indonesia:
-You avoid the seks,
-Behave each other devoted with the couple,
-Prevent by kondom.
Kontaminasi is dilution of infection body Doctor worker following universal care,
like imposing latex gauntlet of when injecting and always clean the hand, can assist to
prevent the organizational infection HIV.All of prevention AIDS suggest the consumer
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narkoba in order not to shar the other substance and needle is which is needed to draw up
and take the narkoba ( inclusive of appliance inject the, ball cotton, transfer with a spoon
the, water of pengencer drug, straw, and others). People require to use the new needle and
sterilization to every injection. Information of about cleaning needle use the whitener
provided by health facility and program the needle conversion.
Epidemiology
Flatten the HIV of among adult of per state by the end of year 2005.
?? 15-50%
?? 5-15%
?? 1-5%
?? 0.5-1.0%
?? 0.1-0.5%
?? < 0.1%??
there no dataUNAIDS and WHO estimate that AIDS have killed more than 25 million
soul of since is first time confessed by the year 1981, making AIDS as one of epidemik
most breaking at history. Though just now, access the treatment antiretrovirus become
better in a lot of region in world, epidemik AIDS claimed by that estimated by 2,8 million
( [among/between] 2,4 and 3,3 million) life in year 2005 and more than the half a million
( 570.000) representing child Globally, among/between 33,4 and 46 million people
nowadays live by HIV.5 In the year 2005 among/between 3,4 and 6,2 million infection
people and among/between 2,4 and 3,3 million people by AIDS pass away the,
improvement from 2003 and biggest amount since year 1981.Afrika Sub-Sahara remain
to represent the ugly region is which infection, with the estimate 21,6 until 27,4 million
soul nowadays live by HIV. Two millions [ 1,5&-3,0 million] from them [is] children
which its age is lower the than 15 year. More than 64% from every person who live by
HIV in African of Sub Sahara, more than three per four ( 76%) from all woman live by
HIV. In the year 2005, there are 12.0 million [ 10.6-13.6 million] motherless child /
orphan AIDS live in African of Sub Sahara.
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AIDS cause the loss of earnings and improve the health expenditure by a
domestic. Decreasing of it earnings cause to decrease it expenditure, and there are also
transfer effect from education expenditure go to the expenditure of health and obsequies.
Research in Ivory Coast indicate that the house of[is date of with the patient HIV / aids
[release] the expense of twice the a lot of for the medical treatment of than for the
expenditure of domestic lainnya.
Refusal for small AIDS group of activist, among other things the inclusive of
some man of science which do not check AIDS,
relation/link of among/between HIV and AIDS,that existence with there HIV,and also
truth for attempt and treatment method used to handle it. Their claim have been checked
and is widely refused by community ilmiah, although is continuously propagated by
through/ passing internet and have time to own the political influence in African of South
arch of through/ passing former president of Thabo Mbeki, causing its government is
blamed by for respon which is not effective to epidemik AIDS in state that.
CHAPTER III
FORMULA OF PROBLEM
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From Economics of HIV and AIDS slow down the economic growth by breaking
amount of human being ably produce the ( human capital). Without good nutrisi, health
facility and medicinize exist in nations expand, people [in the nations become the victim
AIDS. They do not only cannot work, but also will require the adequate health facility.
Forecast that this matter will cause to collapse the economic nya and relation/link
in area which heavy infection, epidemik have left a lot of orphan which is taken care of
by grandfather and its grandmother is which have old.
( mortalitas) in an area will cause to minimize it worker population and those who have
skill. All slimmer worker will be predominated by the youngster, with the slimmer job
experience and knowledge so that productivity will decrease. The increasing of worker
leave to see the ill family member or leave of because pain also will lessen the
productivity.
Mortalitas mounting also will weaken the mechanism yield the human capital and
invesment of at society, that is because loss of earnings and die it all people : is old.
Because AIDS cause to die it young adult many people, he weaken the population of
Iease payer, lessening public fund like education and other;dissimilar health facility is
which do not relate to AIDS. This give the pressure of at state's finance and slow down
the economic growth. itshis Tardy effect is growth sum up the taxpayer will is
progressively felt by if/when happened by the make-up of expenditure for the handling of
ill people, training ( to replace the ill worker), ill expense replacement, and also treatment
he weaken the of victim AIDS.
This matter especially is likely enough happened by if keen improvement of
mortalitas adult cause to make a move it responsibilities and is wrong, than family to
government, to handle all orphan tersebut.Pada mount the domestic, AIDS cause the loss
of earnings and improve the health expenditure by a domestic. Decreasing of it earnings
cause to decrease it expenditure, and there are also transfer effect from education
expenditure go to the expenditure of health and obsequies. Research in Ivory Coast
indicate that the house of is date of with the patient HIV / aids [release the expense of
twice the a lot of for the medical treatment of than for the expenditure of domestic the
others.
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CHAPTER IV
SOLUTION
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CHAPTER V
COVER
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A. CONCLUSION
The rising generation is generation which just now step on its foot/feet in adult
world. Generally them still look for spirit as human being which wish assumed by a
adult. So that each;every step taken generally tending to to try - try because nature of
keingintahuan of human being to matter - matter assumed newly. If in the reality step
which they take wrong perhaps will cause very the fatal.Hal-hal is a period of/to gristle
representing step of early very have to be taken heed by the rising generation. The rising
generation also very is easy persuaded by people incitement of around his/its. Others the
rising generation is a period of/to where about friendship is anything, and do/conduct
something with, becoming if one of them there is which hence narkoba hence other friend
of penasaran and finally they try also .
Where narkoba within call kaitanya by miras, smoke, and free seks causing HIV /
aids . Generally consumer narkoba with the hypodermic needle is depending type which
is at most used by young clan. And way of this also most of rentan to infection of virus
HIV / aids, so that a lot of bydm soriyt - wilt new generation of the nation before
expanding and finally tarnish the expectation to become the nation router.
B. SUGGESTION
Such as those which writer have elaborate at previous chapter that HIV / aids is
dangerous disease because the virus groan the our body impenetrability systems in
melaan of all disease. To avoid the the mentioned earn the writer suggest the matter - the
following matter :
1. For which virus infection not yet HIV / aids better : a). Learn [so that/ to be] getting
the whip hand of diri;b). Owning strong life principle to say " DO NOT" to all type
instructing to narkoba and psikotropika lainnya;c). Fortifying x'self by agama;d). Taking
care of harmonious of family of because free assocciation frequently become the escapee
for child - child which depresi.
2. For patient HIV / aids better
a) Powered of x'self to HIV / aids
b). Trying for the life of longe
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