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Heat Transfer
Outline
1.Heat Transfer Mechanisms
1.1. Conduction
1.2. Convection
1.3. Radiation
2. Conduction Heat Transfer
Conduction
Transfer of energy of
motion between adjacent
molecules
May occur across solids,
liquids, and gases.
Conduction
Molecular
Vibration
Free Electron
Diffusion
(for solids)
Convection
Transfer by bulk transport and mixing of
macroscopic elements of warmer portions with
cooler portions of a gas or a liquid.
Convection
Forced Convection
Free/Natural Convection
Radiation
Transfer achieved by electromagnetic
waves and requires no physical
medium to propagate.
= temperature gradient
ONE-DIMENSIONAL ONLY
THREE-DIMENSIONAL
=
=
,
,
Quantity
Q
A
k
T
SI Units
W
m2
W/mK
K or C
English Units
Btu/hr
ft2
Btu/hrftF
F or R
3
1
= 4.1365 10
W
1
= 1.73073
1
= 3.1546 2
2
1
= 0.29307
Quantity
SI Units
English Units
Btu/hr
m2
ft2
W/mK
Btu/hrftF
K or C
F or R
Thermal Diffusivity,
A measure of a materials ability to
respond to changes in its thermal
environment.
Peclet number
=
= +
3. Polyisocyanurate
4. Polystyrene
5. Glass fiber
6. Calcium silicate
7. Mineral wool
Exercise:
1. Calculate the heat loss per m2 of surface area
for an insulating wall composed of 25.4-mm
thick fiber insulating board (k = 0.048 W/mK),
where the inside temperature is 352.7 K and the
outside temperature is 297.1 K.
Exercise:
2. A furnace wall is insulated by a material with thermal
conductivity expressed as
= 0.08(1 + 0.003 )
where k is in Btu/hr-ft-F and T is in F. During
operation, the temperature inside the furnace reaches
1800F, releasing heat at 3500 Btu/hr-ft2. Determine
the insulation thickness sufficient to bring the
temperature outside the wall to 300 F.