Line Distance Protection and Control

Terminal Unit
1stEdio
Edition
1
21/21N

PROTECTION
78
50HS

Distance Protection (21, 21N), 5 independent zones

with quadrilateral characteristic

50/51

Overreach of Zone 1 Distance Protection

50/51N
67/67N
85/21
85/67N
27WI
46

Power Swing Blocking / Out of Step Tripping (78)

Switch-Onto-Fault protection (50HS)
High Set Overcurrent Protection with High- Speed
Tripping (50, 50N)
Low Set Overcurrent Protection with Definite or
Inverse Time (51, 51N)
Overcurrent Protection with extensive Setting Range
nd
(2 51, 51N)

79

Directional Phase and Earth Fault Overcurrent

(67, 67N)

25

Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes (85, 21)

62/62BF
43

Directional Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection

Schemes (85, 67N)
Echo and Weak End Infeed Logic (27WI)
Remote Tripping
Phase Balance (46)
4 Group of settings

APLICATION

CONTROL AND MONITORING

The TPU L420 has been designed as a protection and terminal unit for supervision and
control of aerial lines, integrating the distance protection function, with a main application
in line feeders.

Automatic Reclosing (79)

Synchronism and Voltage check (25)
Supervision of VTs
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (62BF)

The TPU L420 performs a wide range of protection and automation functions. It has an
extensive range of user programming options, offering high accuracy regulation in
currents, voltages, temporisations and optional characteristics. All protection and
automation functions settings are independent among themselves, having 4 groups of
settings for each function.

Trip Circuit Supervision (62)

Protection Trip Transfer (43)
Dead Line Detection
Circuit Breaker and Disconnector Supervision
Distributed Automation

There are 3 different versions of the TPU L420 which offer the user the flexibility to
choose the suitable relay for each application. The possibility to program logic
interlockings complementary to the existent control functions provides additional
protection configuration that can be used to adapt the unit to the users needs.

Programmable Logic

The local interface of the TPU L420 integrates a graphic display where is presented a
mimic with the state of all equipment of the bay, as well as its respective measurements.
In the front panel there are also several functional keys that allow an easy operation of
the protection in the most frequent operation situations.

Event Chronological Recorder

As a terminal unit, the TPU L420 is capable of accurate measurements of all the values
of a line and several fault monitoring functions, including Oscillography and Event
Chronological Recorder. These functions allow its integration as a Remote Unit in
EFACECs Supervision Command and Control Systems, offering at the same time a
connection to a PC.
Together with the TPU L420 is supplied an integrated software package for PC interface
with the protection WinProt either locally or trough the local communication network.
This application allows, besides other functionalities, the access and modification of relay
settings and configurations and also the gathering and detailed analysis of the produced
records.

Configurable Analogue Comparators

High Precision Measurements
Load Diagram
Oscillography
Fault Locator
High number of Binary Inputs and Outputs
Self-Tests and Watchdog
INTERFACES
Graphical Display with Mimic
Functional Keys to Operate Equipments
8 Programmable Alarms
3 Serial Ports for PC connection
Lontalk Interface Network
100 Mbps Ethernet Redundant Interface
DNP 3.0 Serial Protocol
IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol
IEC 61850 Protocol

PROTECTION FUNCTIONS

Distance Protection
The distance protection offers complete
protection against all kind of faults in
systems where the neutral connection to
earth is solid or by means of a limiting
impedance. The TPU L420 has five
distance
protection
zones,
with
quadrilateral characteristic, working in
parallel and completely independent.

The operation times can also be separately

regulated for the two types of fault loops.
There are two different start conditions for
the
distance
protection:
minimum
impedance or maximum current. In the first
option, the function starts if the fault is
located in any of the five operation zones;
in case of maximum current start the
distance protection operation is additionally
supervised by settable current thresholds.
Any of the protection zones can be
configured as non-directional or directional
and in the last case is possible to choose
the direction of the operation.

Zone 3

Zone 2
Zone 1

Zone 4
Zone 5

Distance Protection Characteristic

For each protection zone, six independent

measurement systems are considered,
three for the phase to phase fault loops
and three for the phase to earth fault loops,
according to a full-scheme drawing.
The phase to earth faults are detected by
monitoring the neutral current and the zero
sequence voltage. Additionally, the TPU
L420 implements a judicious selection of
the fault loop more suitable to each short
circuit, including time-evolving faults, in
order to assure a correct operation of the
protection and an adequate signalisation of
the involved phases.
The range of the operational characteristic
both in reactance and resistance can be
separately regulated for phase to phase
loops and for phase to earth loops, which
allows considering higher fault resistance
in case of earth faults or higher inaccuracy
in the calculation of line impedance for this
type of faults.
The resistance or reactance values which
define the operation thresholds and the
characteristics of the protected line can be
set in primary or secondary values of the
measurement transformers.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

For each fault loop, the TPU L420 uses the

memory of pre-fault voltages in the nonfaulty phase(s) to determine the direction of
the fault current and to evaluate the
directional
characteristic.
When
the
memory is full, the instantaneous values of
the same voltages are used. These
choices allow a correct selection of the
short circuit currents direction, even for
close-in faults and for the first instants after
fault occurrence.

This function can be used in a fast tripping

scheme for any fault in the protected line,
in interaction with the automatic reclosing
function, without the need to communicate
with the protection on the other side of the
line. In this case, the overreach will remain
active in resting condition as long as the
reclosing is ready to operate, and the first
protection zone will go back to normal
parameters after the corresponding trip.
The overreach of the zone 1 distance
protection may also be integrated in a
specific teleprotection scheme zone
acceleration or ZA.

Power Swing Blocking / Out of Step

Tripping /
The loop impedances calculated by the
Distance Protection may present its
operational characteristics within a power
swing condition, what may cause the
protection step tripping, if there is no active
blocking element.
X
Z

Zona 3

Additionally is possible to adapt the

operational characteristic to the specific
parameters of the line to be protected, in
particular to consider different angles for
the forward stages and the reverse stages.
The k0 compensation factor of the fault
impedance calculation for phase to earth
short circuits may also present different
values for the first stage and, among the
remaining stages, for those operating
forward and for those operating reverse.
The distance protection algorithm makes
the compensation of the load current in the
evaluation of the characteristic reactance
thresholds, being immune to the influence
of the fault resistance.
The TPU L420 also allows the
discrimination of load conditions with total
security and stability eliminating the
respective impedances of the operation
zone by means of a suitable characteristic.

Overreach
Protection

of

Zone

Distance

The reactance reach of the zone 1 distance

protection may be changed according to
one logic condition. Different reaches can
be set for phase to phase faults and for
phase to earth faults.

Zona 2
Zona 1

Zona 4
Zona 5

Power swings evaluation area.

The module of Power Swing Blocking / Out

of Step Tripping by TPU L420 Synchronism
Loss distinguishes the power swings
default situations, through the continuous
and supervision of the impedances
evolution criteria, allowing the selective
blocking of any Distance Protection step.
Beyond the power swings detection of, the
TPU L420 evaluates the synchronism loss
occurrences, being able to allow the
tripping, if the conditions are about to
verify.

Switch-Onto-Fault Protection
When energising a faulty line, the distance
protection may not offer adequate
equipment protection. This problem is

2/23

especially relevant for three phase close-in

faults when the voltage transformers are
connected on the lines side because the
distance protection can loose its directional
feature due to the absence of the voltages
memory.
The switch-onto-fault protection completes
the distance protection, by providing fast
elimination of permanent faults after a
manual close operation. However, this
function can also be activated in case of
close operations by automatic reclosing.
The switch-onto-fault protection is an
additional overcurrent function, with
instantaneous operation. This function can
be activated by internal criteria resulting
from the evaluation of the dead line
detection module or, as an option, by the
observation of external contacts associated
to the circuit breaker close command and
to the devices state.
The function remains activated for a
configurable time after the previous
conditions changed to rest.
Additionally, some stages of the distance
or earth directional protections can be
configured by changing the factory set
logic, for example, for instantaneous
operation during the activation conditions
of the switch-onto-fault function.

High Set Overcurrent with highspeed tripping

The high set overcurrent protection is
usually targeted for very fast protection
where selective coordination is obtained
through the setting of the RMS current
(cut-off). In the TPU L420, high sets are
independent for protection of phase to
phase faults and of phase to earth faults. A
selective timing can also be set.

For the IEC complying option, the timecurrent functions follow the general
expression:

top [s ] =

aT
( Icc / I >)b 1

NI

a=0,14

b=0,02

A=16,86

VI

a=13,5

b=1

A=29,7

EI

a=80

b=2

A=80

LI

a=120

b=1

A=264

For the IEEE complying option, the timecurrent functions follow the general
expression:

c
+ e TIEEE
top [s ] =
( Icc / I >) d 1

NI

c=0,103

d=0,02

e=0,228

A=9,7

VI

c=39,22

d=2

e=0,982

A=43,2

EI

c=56,4

d=2

e=0,243

A=58,2

LI c=56,143

d=1

e=21,8592 A=133,1

Definite Time Universal Overcurrent

with wide setting range
In parallel and independently from the
previous functions, the TPU L420 performs
a second overcurrent protection function
with constant time.
The wide setting range of this protection
function allows several applications.
The several stages of the overcurrent
protections, particularly those of the
functions against phase to phase faults can
operate permanently, in parallel with the
distance protection or, as an option, be
activated only in case of distance
protection lock due to malfunction in the
voltage transformers circuit.

with

Option between virtual image of the

zero sequence current and direct
observation of the 4th current input

The low set overcurrent protection offers

sensitivity and step timings for selective
coordination (time-lag overcurrent). The
TPU L420 provides both the independent
and the inverse time options. These
options
comply
with
International
Standards, which is a guarantee for
compatibility with other devices. The
functions of TPU L420 meet the IEC
60255-3 and IEEE 37.112 standards.

The TPU L420 is prepared to observe the

th
zero sequence current of the line in its 4
current input, obtained either from the
connection of the neutral point of the phase
currents inputs, or from a toroidal current
transformer in the line. However, the TPU
L420 also performs internally the
calculation of the zero sequence current in
the line, directly from the virtual sum of the
three phase currents.

The settings of the low set overcurrent

function are also independent for phase to
phase and for phase to earth faults.

For each of the three earth fault protection

elements, the TPU L420 allows the
selection of the source of the zero
sequence current. This fact allows

Low
Set
Overcurrent
definite/inverse time

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

combining the observation of high phase to

earth fault currents, using the wide
operation range of phase CT, with the high
sensitivity to high resistive faults given by
the toroidal transformer. The sensitivity can
even be increased by choosing a low
nominal value for the fourth current input
(0,2 or 0,04 A).

Directional Earth Fault Overcurrent

Protection
The distance protection may not guarantee
the necessary sensitivity for the detection
of all short circuits to the earth, in particular
in networks whose neutral does not have a
solid connection to earth or if the fault
resistance is high.
For this type of short circuits the earth fault
overcurrent
protection
can
be
a
complementary function to the previous
one, if directional criteria are added.
Through the measurement of the zero
sequence active and reactive powers is
possible to differentiate the forward faults
and the reverse faults relatively to the
protection location. The measure of these
power values is equivalent to the ratio
between the phase fault current and the
zero sequence voltage. This is used in the
directional function.
The
directional
protection
works
independently
from
the
overcurrent
protection. Its role is to lock tripping when
the fault is not in the indicated direction.
The maximum sensitivity angle of operation
is selectable between -90 and 90.
7

U0

I0

Relay non-operation zone

(direction: front)

It is possible to choose the direction in

which the protection is intended to operate.
It is also possible to choose the operation
of the directional protection in case of
polarising voltage absence.
The locking by the directional function can
be independently attributed to each one of
the earth fault overcurrent stages.

3/23

Option between bus voltage and

zero sequence voltage
th

The base TPU L420 has a 4 voltage input

beyond the three phase voltages. In the
TPU L420-D version, this input can be
used to connect a zero sequence voltage
image, obtained from a second set of VTs.
The directional earth protection can be
configured to work with this voltage or with
the internal sum of the phase voltages.
th

In the TPU L420-R version, the 4 voltage

input can be used to measure the zero
sequence voltage or the bus voltage. The
last option must be selected if one wishes
to activate the synchronism check function.
In this case the directional earth protection
must use the sum of the three phase
voltages.

Directional Phase Fault Overcurrent

Protection

Teleprotection
Schemes
Distance Protection

for

upstream impedances and of the proper

line.

The typical setting of the first and second

stages of the distance protection in terms
of reach of the characteristics and the
respective operational times leads to a non
instantaneous clearance time for faults
occurring in the remote end of the line.

The weak end infeeds logic allows,

besides that, the emission of a tripping
signal in the proper terminal that is not able
to detect the default. This tripping is
conditioned, for the distance protection, by
a fact, in at least one of the phases, of
voltage break under the parameterized
threshold, and for the earth directional
function, by the existence of an earth
voltage superior to a threshold also
configurable by the user.

When
associated
to
teleprotection
schemes, the distance protection provides
instantaneous clearance time for faults
occurring anywhere in the protected line.
The TPU L420 has several types of
schemes associated to the distance
protection DUTT, PUTT, POTT,
POTT+DCUB and DCB, which are adapted
to several network characteristics. These
schemes are prepared for feeders with 2 or
3 terminals and have elements to lock due
to operation direction change.

Remote Tripping
The remote tripping function allows the
TPU L420 to trip upon reception of an
external order. It is possible to associate a
time delay between the signal reception
and the send of the trip.

Phase Balance
The TPU L420 also features a directional
phase fault overcurrent protection, which
runs independently from the directional
earth fault overcurrent protection.

UR
IR

UST
UT

US

All schemes are implemented in the base

logic of the TPU L420. It is only necessary
to select the desired scheme and to
associate the starts and/or trips of the
related stages to the corresponding logical
gates of the distance teleprotection. The
versatility of the TPU L420s programmable
logic also allows building additional logical
schemes, thus enabling to adapt the
teleprotection schemes to any particularity
of the network.

Teleprotection
Schemes
for
Directional Earth Fault Protection
Relay non-operation zone
(direction: front)

To determine the current direction in each

phase it is used the composed voltage of
the other two phases, which maximises the
protections sensitivity. The direction of the
fault current is obtained even when the
voltage collapses (very close fault). To
perform this function, the TPU L420 stores
the pre-fault voltage for 2.5 seconds. After
that time it is possible to select the
directional function behaviour.
The maximum power angles are selectable
in a range between 30 and 60. It is also
possible to choose, as for directional earth
protection, the direction in which the
protection is intended to operate.
The locking by the directional function can
be independently attributed to each one of
the phase fault overcurrent stages.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

Similarly to the distance protection, the

TPU L420 provides in its factory logic
several types of teleprotection schemes for
association with the directional earth fault
protection POTT, POTT+DCUB, DCB.
This module has all the characteristics and
easy configuration features presented for
the schemes associated with the distance
protection.

Echo and Weak End Infeed Logic

Complementary to some teleprotection
schemes, namely the POTT scheme, the
TPU L420 provides the additional logic for
execution of the echo and tripping emission
functions in case of weak end infeed. The
modules logic associated with the distance
protection is independent of the logic
associated with the earth directional.
The echo logic allows the emission of a
tripping unlock signal in the other side of
the line, in cases where the TPU L420 is
not able to detect the fault. This may
happen, for example, due the unfavourable
conditions of the reason between the

The phase balance protection aims at the

detection of high values of the negative
sequence current component of the threephase system. The main application of this
function is as unbalance protection that can
be used in several situations.
The detection of broken conductors with or
without earth contact, as well as the
detection of phase absence are the goals
of this protection due to the resulting
negative sequence significant component.
The phase balance protection can also be
used to eliminate two-phase faults, having
in these cases a high sensitivity resulting
from the difference of the negative
sequence component in normal load and
unbalance situations.
The TPU L420 has two independent stages
of phase balance protection. The first one
is of definite time with fast operation but
less sensitive. The second stage is
targeted at a more sensitive time
protection. The timer can be of definite or
inverse time, supporting the same
standards as the other overcurrent
protections.

Fault Locator
Complementing the protection functions,
the fault locator gives very accurate
information on the distance to the
eliminated short circuits. The start signals
of the functions of distance protection and
of earth fault directional overcurrent
protection are only used to define the fault
loop or loops and the fault locator function
operates independently of those functions.

4/23

The algorithm used compensates the load

current in lines fed by two or more
terminals. The fault loop and the distance
in , km (or miles) and percentage of the
line protected are presented for the last
ten detected faults.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

5/23

CONTROL AND AUTOMATION

Automatic Reclosing
The TPU L420 executes the automatic
reclosing
automatism,
allowing
the
execution of up to five reclosing cycles,
completely configurable. The main purpose
of this function is the service restoration of
a line after the elimination of temporary or
intermittent faults, common in aerial
networks.
Reclosing sequence starts with the
disconnection of the faulty line, followed by
the reclosing command, after the dead time
defined for the current cycle.
After the closing command, the automatism
waits a configurable time to confirm fault
absence. If the fault is still present after the
reclosing attempts, a definitive trip signal is
generated.
The logic conditions for automatic reclosing
operation are configurable through the
programmable logic of the TPU L420. By
default, they correspond to the first stage
trip of the distance protection and the
teleprotection schemes

there is a transformer between the line and

the bus, through the magnitude and phase
adjustment
of
the
bus
voltage
measurement.
The
synchronisation
types
are
characterised according to the line and bus
state LLLB (live line/live bus), LLDB (live
line/dead bus), DLLB (dead line/live bus),
DLDB (dead line/dead bus).
In the TPU L420, the evaluation criteria of
voltage presence in the line/bus do not
depend only on the comparison of voltage
measurement with threshold setting values
Ulive/Udead. They are complemented with the
VTs fault signal and the frequency
measurement.
In LLLB synchronisation, where the
mechanical efforts on the circuit breaker
and the resulting transient after close
should be minimised, the TPU L420
evaluates the differences of voltage,
frequency and phase, allowing the circuit
breaker close only when all values are
below the setting thresholds.

Synchronism and Voltage Check

This module compares two distinct
voltages, one from the lines side and the
other from the bus side, to bind the
command of circuit breaker close
according to the type of synchronisation
and the type of command manual or
automatic.

The manual and automatic commands are

individually treated. After the request of
circuit breaker close, a time delay is
initiated to wait for close permission. The
permission is conditioned by the evaluation
of the measurements involved according to
the parameterised method, or without any
kind of verification if the release option is
activated.
The base logic of the TPU L420 binds the
local, remote and external orders of circuit
breaker close to manual commands and
the close orders originated by reclosing are
binded to the automatic commands.

Supervision of VTs

Voltage measurements in feeder and in bus

The line voltage measurement can be a

phase to earth voltage or a phase to phase
voltage and the voltage measurement from
th
the bus side must be acquired in the 4
voltage input. The function is ready to be
used even when the line and bus VTs have
different transformation ratios or when

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

The VTs supervision function available in

the TPU L420 detects malfunction in the
voltage
transformers
circuits
and
generates orders to lock the functions
depending of voltage measurement,
particularly the distance protection in the
case of TPU L420, thus preventing inrush
tripping.

To detect asymmetrical faults, the function

continuously evaluates the negative and/or
zero sequence components of voltages
and currents if one of the voltage
components surpasses the threshold
values, if the corresponding current
component is inferior to the defined
threshold and if there is current in at least
one of the phases, the lock signalisation is
generated. After a given time delay the lock
can become definitive and remain so
independently of the magnitudes of the
negative and zero sequence current
components. It will be unlocked only when
the voltages are restored.
To detect symmetrical faults, the function
differentiates the VT malfunction in two
distinct situations: when the line is
connected and after line connection. In the
first case, the malfunction is signalised
when the voltages of the three phases are
below the parameterised threshold and if,
simultaneously there is not a significant
variation of the current value in any of the
phases. In the moment when the line is
connected, the lock conditions occur when
the three voltages have a value inferior to
the threshold, if there is current in at least
one phase with magnitude above the
threshold, and absence of protection
functions start; the lock signalisation is
generated after a defined time delay after
the line connection.

Circuit Breaker Failure Protection

The main purpose of this function is to
verify the correct operation of a circuit
breaker in case of fault. Its operation is
based on the information produced by the
overcurrent protection functions.
Thus, immediately after the execution of a
circuit breaker trip command by any
protection function, the breaker failure
function starts. If the protection function
does not reset after a configurable time (for
example, due to circuit breaker damage), a
command is generated to other equipment
(for example the upstream circuit breaker).
This information may be transmitted by
dedicated cabling or through the local
communication network.

This function has two distinct methods to

distinguish and detect asymmetrical and
symmetrical faults.

6/23

Trip Circuit Supervision

The TPU L420 can permanently monitor
the trip circuit of the circuit breaker through
binary inputs configured for that purpose.
If there is some discontinuity when the
circuit breaker is closed, the trip circuit
supervision input resets and an alarm is
generated after a configurable time.

Circuit Breaker and Disconnector

Supervision
The TPU L420 allows two distinct
mechanisms to execute commands.
Through the local interface, it is possible to
select any device and to command it.
Remotely, it is also possible to execute the
same operation. However, such actions are
conditioned to the interlockings related with
the communication.
Each command received, either locally or
remotely, is monitored and the success of
the operation is signalled. The monitoring
is based on the state variation observation
of the binary inputs associated to each
device. The operation supervision is
available for circuit breakers and for
disconnectors.

Programmable Logic
Supervision scheme of the circuit breaker trip

Protection Trip Transfer

The TPU L420 executes the protection
transfer function. Its operation consists in
the monitoring of the bypass disconnector
state, when existent, in order to operate the
bus-coupler circuit breaker.
When the panel is transferred, some
automatisms, such as the automatic
reclosing are locked, and tripping
commands of the protection functions are
executed on the bus-coupler circuit
breaker.

Dead Line Detection

The dead line detection is performed in the
TPU L420 by an auxiliary function. The
state of the line can be determined
according to two distinct criteria.
The first is based on current and voltage
absence simultaneously in the three
phases and it is valid for lines where the
voltage transformers are connected in the
line itself. In case the voltage transformers
are directly connected to the bus, an
alternative criterion of current absence and
circuit breaker opening can be used as
long as the circuit breaker state is
monitored. The line is considered to be
disconnected, in any of the cases, after a
configurable confirmation time.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

One of the main features of the TPU L420

is a completely programmable logical
scheme which allows the implementation of
timers, programmable delays or other
logical combinations beyond the traditional
logical functions (OR and AND).
The TPU L420 has internally a set of
modules formed by a variable number of
logical gates. The user may change all
internal connections within the module
and/or interconnect the several modules.
The user may also change the descriptions
associated to each logical gate, the gate
type, the timers, the initial gate state, etc.
This flexibility may be used to configure
additional interlocking to the control
functions or any other complex logical
conditions.

Distributed Automation
The complete integration of the TPU L420
in Supervision Command and Control
Systems allows the definition of control
functions that take advantage of their
connection to the local area network (LAN).
This means that, besides the vertical
communication with the control centre, fast
communication mechanisms among the
several units are available.

This feature gives the possibility to

implement
advanced
automatisms,
interlockings or other logical functions
based on the interaction through the local
communication network. This function is
available in versions integrating the
following communication protocols:
Lontalk Protocol;
IEC 60870-5-104 Protocol;
IEC 61850 Protocol.

Operation Modes
The TPU L420 allows the specification of
several operation modes, which affect the
operation of the control and protection
functions.
In the front panel there are two operation
modes, configurable by the user. They are
usually associated with the bay operation
mode, specifically with the control and
supervision functions performed by the
relay. Current status of each mode is
signalised by LEDs and may be directly
changed through the associated functional
keys.
Besides theses modes, the TPU L420 also
includes a menu to access other operation
modes that may be required.
The Local/Remote operation mode defines
the relay behaviour concerning the
received information from the Supervision
Command and Control System. When in
Local Mode all remote operations are
inhibited.
The Manual/Automatic mode concerns the
control functions executed by the TPU
L420. When in Manual Mode all control
functions are locked. This mode is
fundamental to perform maintenance tasks,
with the system in service.
The Normal/Emergency mode refers to the
systems special operation. When in
Emergency mode all logical interlockings of
circuit breaker commands are inhibited.
The
Special
Operation
mode
is
characterised,
by
default,
by
the
instantaneous operation of the phase and
the earth overcurrent protections. However,
other logical conditions can be configured.

7/23

MONITORING

Measurements
The TPU L420 accurately measures, in
almost stationary state, the following
values:
RMS value of the three phase currents
th
and the zero sequence current (4
current input and virtual sum of the three
phase currents);
RMS value of the inverse current;
RMS value of phase to earth and phase
to phase voltages and zero sequence
voltage, obtained by virtual sum of the
th
three phase voltages and the 4 voltage
input;
Line frequency and bus frequency;
Differences of magnitude, phase and
frequency between the line voltage and
the bus voltage;
Active and reactive power and power
factor;
Active and reactive energy counting
(values stored in flash memory) supplied
and received;
Resistance and reactance per loop.
Based on the measurements made, the
TPU L420 calculates and registers, with
date of occurrence, the
following
information:

The configuration of high and low levels, as

well as the associated alarms provides the
implementation of comparison mechanisms
which are useful for the operation of the
energy system.

Load Diagram
The TPU L420 permanently calculates and
registers the daily load diagram. This
information is based on the calculation of
the 15 minute average of each of the
power measurements. All daily diagrams
can be stored for a full month.
Each diagram may be accessed locally or
through the software interface WinProt.
Data gathering is done through a serial port
or through the LAN.

Oscillography
The TPU L420 registers and stores in flash
memory a large number of oscillographies
of currents and voltages (about 60
seconds).
The length of each oscillography, the prefault and post-fault times are variable and
configurable by the user. By default, the
recording starts 0.1 second before the
protection start and ends 0,1 second after
the reset of all virtual relays of the several
functions. The maximum length is 1
second. The sampling frequency of the
analogue values is 1000 Hz.

Current peak (1 second average);

Active power peak (15 minute average);
Sum of the square current cut by the
circuit breaker in each pole;
Number of circuit breaker manoeuvres.
The high precision obtained in the
measurements generally avoids the use of
additional transducers. All calculated
measurements are available in the local
interface or remotely through the
connection to the local area network and to
the Supervision Command and Control
System.

Analogue Comparators
Additionally to all protection and measure
functions, TPU L420 has a set of
configurable comparators for analogue
values, acquired and calculated in the
protection.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

The close of the circuit breaker also

triggers the recording of an oscillography,
and it is possible to define other logical
conditions to start this event. In particular,
there are binary inputs which may be used
for this purpose.
Unlike the load diagrams, oscillographies
can not be visualised through the relays
local interface. They must be visualised in
a PC, using WinProt.

Event Recorder
The TPU L420 monitors the relays inputs
and outputs, as well as all defined internal
logical variables. Any state change or
event is registered, with precise time
tagging (1ms resolution).
Each event may be configured to be
presented, or not, in the event recorder,
according to the desired level of detail, as
well as the associated description and the

records visualisation order. The TPU L420

stores several records in flash memory.
The storage of a new record is done
periodically or whenever there is a
maximum number of 256 new events. Like
the other records, the event record data
can be accessed in the protections
interface or visualised in a PC, using
WinProt, with information gathered locally
or remotely.

Event time-tagging
The event time-tagging done by the TPU
L420 is always made in the local time zone
of the country where it is installed. For this,
it is necessary to set the deviation of the
timezone relative to the reference given by
the GMT time, as well as the day and hour
of start and end of the daylight saving
period, according to the legal regulations.
The TPU L420 receives periodically a time
synchronisation signal through the local
area network. In the absence of this signal,
an internal real time clock allows the
updating of the protection date and time
when the protection is disconnected.
Optionally, the TPU L420 can be
synchronised through an IRIG-B signal,
having a specific interface for that purpose,
or trough a SNTP server, according to the
RFC 2030 standard (in versions with
Ethernet communications board).

System Information
The TPU L420 has available in real time a
large set of system information. This
information reflects the protections internal
status, at both hardware and software
level.
In terms of hardware it is possible to
access the status of several electronic
components, which are permanently
monitored. The information associated to
the software contains all the data regarding
the relay identification, namely relay type,
relay version, serial number, relay name,
network address, etc.
All this information can be accessed locally
or visualised in a PC, through WinProt. It
may also be reported in real time to the
Supervision Command and Control System
through the communication network.

8/23

INTERFACES

Binary Inputs and Outputs

The TPU L420s main board has 9 binary
inputs isolated among themselves and
completely configurable. There is the
option to use two expansion boards which
can be of three types:
Board Type

Inputs

Outputs

5+1

Type 1 Expansion

Type 2 Expansion

16

Type 3 Expansion

15

Main Board

For the remaining protocols, the COM2

serial port may be used for communication
with the WinProt. The COM1 port is
reserved for teleprotection interface.
For each back panel serial port are
available four different types of interface, at
the users choice, namely:

Isolated RS 232 Interface

Isolated RS 485 Interface
Glass optical fibre Interface
Plastic optical fibre Interface

Functional Keys
Through functional keys it is possible to
change the operation mode of the
protection, to select a specific device and
command it, or to acknowledge an alarm.

Alarms
Next to the graphic display the TPU L420
has 8 configurable alarms. For each alarm
it is possible to define an associated logical
variable, choose the alarm type and the
text presented in the display.

Interface for Teleprotection

On each binary input, digital filtering is
applied to eliminate the bouncing effects of
the power equipment. The logical variable
and the configuration time are configured
for each input, without loosing the right
time-tagging of the start of each state
transition.
The base version of the TPU L420 has 6
binary outputs, 5 of which are configurable.
The sixth one is a changeover output which
is activated by the internal watchdog in
case of relay failure. The configuration is
similar to the binary input configuration
previously described.
In the type 1 expansion board there are
two changeover outputs and in the type 3
expansion board there are six changeover
outputs. These outputs aim to provide a
solution for logical interlockings that require
normally closed contacts, avoiding the use
of auxiliary relays.

Serial Communication
The TPU L420 has available 3 serial ports
for communication, two in the back panel
and one in the front panel.
The front panel serial port is only used to
communicate with the WinProt application.
In the TPU L420 version with the DNP 3.0
serial protocol, both rear ports may be
used for communication with the WinProt,
and COM1 rear port may serve as support

The TPU L420 provides two different

interfaces for Teleprotection: by digital
inputs / outputs allocation and by serial
communication by the COM1 port.
The serial communication, independently
of the physical media (optic or copper), is
asynchronous to the speed of 19200 baud,
this interface being able to be converted
externally for standardized electric media
interfaces of the X.21 or G.703 type. For
optic interface, it is also possible to use a
converter for single-mode fibre, allowing a
communication in dedicated optic fibre
between terminal units.

Graphic Display
The TPU L420 has a graphic display where
a variety of information can be presented,
namely: mimic, parameterization menus
and records menus. The mimic presents
logical information with the equipment
state,
alarms
description,
analogue
measurements and static information.

Security
Any user can access all information in the
local interface. However, for security
reasons, without the correct password the
settings can not be accessed.

SCADA Integration
The integration of the TPU L420 in SCADA
systems can be done through serial
communication protocols or through
dedicated communication boards, namely:
Serial Interface supporting the DNP 3.0
protocol, with communication speeds up
to 19200 baud.
Lonworks Board, using the LONTALK
communication
protocol,
with
a
communication speed of 1.25 Mbps.
Redundant 100 Mbps Ethernet Board,
supporting the IEC 60870-5-104 and
IEC 61850 protocols. This board also
provides the TCP/IP communication
protocol for direct connection with
WinProt.

for the DNP 3.0 serial protocol, dispensing,

in this case, with an extra communication
board.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

9/23

REMOTE INTERFACE WINPROT 4

WinProt is a high-level software application
designed to interface with EFACECs
Protection and Control Units. It may
communicate with different relays and with
different versions of the same relay. Its
architecture is based on the division of
functionalities on specialised modules,
whose access depends on the type of
relay and the type of user.
The structured storage of all the
information in a protected database is
another fundamental feature of WinProt.
Through the different modules it is possible
to execute several operations described
below.

Remote Access
WinProt allows local access by serial port
through a modem and remote access
through the local communication network
(LAN) or even through an Ethernet network
directly connected to the units. It is
possible to configure the settings
associated to each type of communication
and each specific unit.
The use of a LAN has an advantage
regarding the serial communication by
allowing the access to any of the
protections in the network without having
to change physical configurations. Thus,
any
operation
of
maintenance,
configuration or simply the system
monitoring can be remotely done from the
Supervision Command and Control
System. It also can be done through
intranet, if available.

Logic Configuration Module

WinLogic is a friendly tool to configure the
relays programmable logic. This tool
allows the implementation of any type of
logical interlocking, including variable
timers.
Besides
the
configuration
of
the
connections between logical variables, the
user can also define the text associated to

each logical variable, validate the changes

made in the logical network, monitor in real
time the full network status and make the
logical simulation before downloading the
configuration to the protection. Logical
configuration complies with the IEC 611313 standard.

Parameterisation Module
The parameterisation of each protection is
done through a specific module
WinSettings where is possible to
configure function by function, to copy data
from one relay to another, to compare
settings from the database to those
existing in the relay or simply to compare
settings among different relays.
The user has a set of tools that help him
performing the parameterisation task, such
as
graphics
with
time-current
characteristics, default settings, print
configurations, comparisons list, etc.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

10/23

Records Analysis Module

WinProt has a specific module for
visualisation, analysis and gathering of the
records produced by the protection:
WinReports.
The analysis of each record is simplified by
the use of specifically designed graphical
tools. For example, in the oscillography the
user can zoom, see instantaneous values,
see the phasors representation, displace
the axis, etc. The load diagram and the
event recorder can also be analysed.

Mimic Configuration Module

WinProt has a module for the mimic
graphical parameterisation: WinMimic. This
tool can only be used with units with a
graphic display. It allows defining the
symbolic part, the textual part and even the
measurements and states to be presented
in the protection mimic.
Together with this module it is available a
library of graphical elements with which the
user can build the units mimic.

Unit Test Module

The objective of the unit test module,
WinTest, is to execute automatic tests in
the unit, without the need for external
injection equipment such as test sets.
This module allows the simulation of
analogue values injection, the generation
of binary inputs state changes and the
monitoring of outputs operation. It is also
possible to monitor in real time every
measurement and event produced by the
relay.

Firmware Configuration Module

WinCode was designed as a WinProt
module dedicated to the relay firmware
download. This operation can be
performed at any time but only by
specialised technicians.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

11/23

INTERFACE WEB WEBPROT

All 420 family units offer an embedded web
server, targeted to provide, visualize and
change all the information stored in the unit.
This server was conceived according to the
most recent technologies, providing all data in
XML format and providing JAVA tools (it
implies the installation of a JAVA Virtual
Machine). WebProt access is performed
through an Ethernet local area network, by
means of a standard HTML browser.

General Information
The main page presents all units general data,
namely, the order code, the application, the
version and the serial number. From this page,
it is possible to reach pages with more
specialized data (parameters, registers,
measures, etc.). There is also available an
access counter, a map of the accessible pages
in the server and a page with useful links
(technical support, EFACEC Web site,
e-mail, etc.).

Parameters
Through the WebProt, the user can visualize
and change several functional parameters
defined in the unit. Besides, this is subject to a
previous password insertion, for changing
purposes. It is also possible to print and export
the complete data.

Records
WebProt allows the collection and analysis of
the different records existing in the unit
(oscillographies,
event
recording,
load
diagrams, etc.). Concerning more complex
records, such as oscillographies, analysis tools
are downloaded directly from the server,
avoiding the need for high level specific
applications.

Schematic Diagrams
Remote monitoring of the units schematic
diagram and alarm data is another feature,
available in order to allow an easy and efficient
access to the equipment state, as performed
locally.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

12/23

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

T2
C B

L420

GND 10
GND 9

UA

4
3

UB

2
1

UC

O1
Expansion Card
Type I
9 Inputs
6 Outputs

T1

C B

8
7

IN

6
5

IA

4
3

IB

2
1

IC

8
9

O3
Binary
Out puts

10
11

O4

IN4

9
10

IN5

11
12

IN6

13
14

IN7
IN8

17
18

IN9

1
2

Binary
Inputs

Expansion Card
Type II
16 Inputs

IN8

15
16

IN9

3
4

I O3
I O5

Binary
Inputs

...

15
16

IN1

...

7
8

16
17

...

IN3

O6

...

IN2

5
6

13
14
18

...

IN1

3
4

O5

...

1
2

I O4
I O6

12
15

Currents

IO1

6
7

O2

A
A

I O3
I O5

17
18

IN9

Voltages

...

6
5

1
2

IN1
Binary
Inputs

...

UD

...

8
7

I O4
I O6

17
18

IN16

Main Card
1

O4

13
14
18

O5

16
17

WD

Binary
Out puts

Binary
Outputs

Expansion Card
Type III
15 Outputs

Auxiliary
Power Supply

1, 2

3
1
2
6

O11

4
5
9

O12

7
8
12

O13

10
11
15

O14

13
14
18

O15

16
17

IRIG-B

2
1

I O3
I O5

18

O10

IO2

...

O9

12
15

17

O3

10
11

...

...

O2

8
9

IO2

O1

O1

6
7

IO4
IO6

Time Synchronisat ion

Module IRIG-B

Galvanic
Isolation

Piggy-back
COM1

Piggy-back
COM2

Communication Card

Lonworks

Ethernet

Galvanic
I solation

Galvanic
Isolation
1 2

3,4,5,6

P1

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

FO1

COM4

TP1 TP2 FO1 FO2

RS232 Gate
For WINPROT

Galvanic
Isolation

Galvanic
Isolation

COM1

COM2

Galvanic
I solation
COM3
Frontal
G ate

13/23

CONNECTION DIAGRAM BACK PANEL

DIMENSIONS

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

14/23

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Burden

50 Hz / 60 Hz optional
1A/5A
5 A / 15 A Continuous
100 A / 500 A for 1 s
5 A / 1 A / 0,2 A / 0,04 A
15 A / 5 A / 1,5 A / 0,5 A Continuous
500 A / 100 A / 20 A / 4 A for 1 s
< 0,25 VA @ In

Analogue Voltage Inputs

Frequency
Rated Voltage (Phase-to-Phase)
Overvoltage
Burden

50 Hz / 60 Hz optional
100 / 110 / 115 / 120 V
1,5 Un Continuous; 2,5 Un for 10 s
< 0,25 VA @ Un

Power Supply

Voltage Range

24 Vdc
(19 - 72 Vdc)
48 Vdc
(19 - 72 Vdc)
110 / 125 Vac/dc
(88 - 300 Vdc/80 - 265 Vac)
220 / 240 Vac/dc
(88 - 300 Vdc/80 - 265 Vac)
12 to 30 W / 20 to 60 VA
< 12%

Analogue Current Inputs

Frequency
Rated Current
Thermal Withstand
4th Input Rated Current
Thermal Withstand

Power Consumption
Ripple at DC Auxiliary Power Supply

Binary Inputs

Rated Voltage / Working Range

24 V
48 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
24 V
48 V
110/125 V
220/250 V
1 .. 128 ms
1 .. 255
1 .. 60 s

Power Consumption

Debounce Time
Chatter Filter
Validation Time of double inputs

Binary Outputs

Rated Voltage
Rated Current
Making Capacity
Breaking Capacity

250 V ac / dc
5A
1 s @ 10 A; 0,2 s @ 30 A
dc : 1/0,4/0,2 A @ 48/110/220 V; L/R < 40 ms
ac : 1250 VA (250 V / 5 A); cos > 0,4
1 kV rms 1 min
Pulsed / Latched
0,02 .. 5 s

Voltage between open contacts

Operating Mode
Pulse Duration

Communication Interfaces

Lonworks

Fibre Type

Ethernet

Wavelength
Connector
Max. Distance
Fibre Type

Glass optical fibre Piggy-back

Wavelength
Connector
Max. Distance
Fibre Type

Plastic optical fibre Piggy-back

Wavelength
Connector
Max. Distance
Fibre Type
Wavelength
Max. Distance

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

(19 ... 138) V dc

(30 ... 120) V dc
(80 ... 220) V dc
(150300) V dc
< 0,05 W (1,5 mA @ 24 V dc)
< 0,1 W (1,5 mA @ 48 V dc)
< 0,2 W (1,5 mA @ 125 V dc)
< 0,4 W (1,5 mA @ 250 V dc)

Multimode glass optical fibre

50/125 m or 62,5/125 m
880 nm or 1320 nm
ST
30 km
Multimode glass optical fibre
50/125 m or 62,5/125 m
1300 nm
ST (SC optional)
2 km
Multimode glass optical fibre
50/125 m or 62,5/125 m
820 nm
ST
1,7 km
Plastic optical fibre (POF)
1 mm
650 nm
45 m

15/23

Insulation Tests

EMC Immunity Tests

High Voltage Test

IEC 60255-5

Impulse Voltage Test

Insulation Resistance

IEC 60255-5
IEC 60255-5

1 MHz Burst Disturbance Test

IEC 60255-22-1 Class III

EN 61000-4-12
EN 61000-4-2
EN 60255-22-2 Class IV
EN 61000-4-3

Electrostatic Discharge
Electromagnetic field
Fast Transient Disturbance

2,5 kV ac 1 min 50 Hz
3 kV dc 1 min (power supply)
5 kV 1,2/50 s, 0,5 J
> 100 M @ 500 V dc
2,5 kV common mode
1 kV differential mode
8 kV contact; 15 kV air
80 MHz1000 MHz; 10 V/m; 80% AM
900 5 MHz; 10V/m; 50%; 200Hz
4 kV 5/50 ns

Surge Immunity Test

EN 61000-4-4
IEC 60255-22-4 Class IV
EN 61000-4-5

Conducted RF Disturbance Test

EN 61000-4-6

Power Frequency Magnetic Field

Immunity Test
Voltage Variations Immunity
Tests
Interruptions in Auxiliary Supply

EN 61000-4-8
EN 61000-4-11
IEC 60255-11
EN 61000-4-11
IEC 60255-11

10 ms @ 70%; 100 ms @ 40%

1 s @ 40%; 5 s @ 0%
5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 ms

EMC Emission Tests

Radiated Emission
Conducted Emission

EN 55011; EN 55022
EN 55011; EN55022

30 1000 MHz class A

0,15 30 MHz class A

CE Marking

EMC Immunity
EMC - Emission
Low Voltage Directive

4/2 kV (power supply)

2/1 kV (I/O)
10 V rms, 150 kHz80 MHz
@ 1 kHz 80% am
30 A/m cont; 300 A/m 3 s

EN 61000-6-2 : 2001
EN 50263 : 1999
EN 61000-6-4 : 2001
EN 50263 : 1999
EN 60950-1 : 2001
IEC 60255-5 : 2000

Mechanical Tests

Vibration Tests (sinusoidal)

Shock and Bump Tests
Seismic Tests

IEC 60255-21-1 Class II

IEC 60255-21-2 Class II
IEC 60255-21-3 Class II

Environmental Tests

Operating Temperature Range

Storage Temperature Range
Cold Test, IEC 60068-2-1
Dry Heat Test, IEC 60068-2-2
Salt Mist Test, IEC 60068-2-11
Damp Heat Test, IEC 60068-2-78
Storage Temperature Test,
IEC 60068-2-48
Degree of Protection according to EN 60529,
frontal side, flush mounted
Degree of Protection according to EN 60529, rear
side

- 10C to + 60C
- 25C to + 70C
- 10C, 72h
+ 60C, 72h
96h
+ 40C, 93% RH, 96h
- 25C
+ 70C
IP54

Relative humidity
Temperature

10 to 90%
- 10 C to 60 C, 40C damp

Environmental Conditions

Weight
Line settings

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

IP20

8 Kg
Impedance Values
Length Unit
Line Length
Line Reactance
Line Angle
Ko Magnitude (forward, reverse and zone 1)
Ko Angle (forward, reverse and zone 1)

Primary / Secondary
Kilometer / Mile
1,0 .. 1000,0 (km) / 0,65..650,0 (mile)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
30,0 .. 90,0
0,0 .. 4,0 (independent settings)
-180,0 .. 180,0 (independent settings)

16/23

Distance Protection

Number of Protection Zones

Tripping Characteristic
Start Mode
Reactance Reach (phase-phase loops)
Resistance Reach (phase-phase loops)
Reactance Reach (phase-earth loops)
Resistance Reach (phase-earth loops)
Reactance Overreach Zone 1 (phase-phase loops)
Reactance Overreach Zone 1 (phase-earth loops)
Phase-phase Loops Time Delay
Phase-earth Loops Time Delay
Tripping Characteristic Angle Forward
Tripping Characteristic Angle Reverse
Directional Characteristic Angles
Min. Resistance Load Characteristic
Angle Load Characteristic
Min. Operational Current
Min. Residual Current - phase-earth loop selection
Min. Residual Voltage - phase-earth loop selection
Operational Current Overcurrent Start
Time Delay Overcurrent Start
Min. Operating Time
Timer Accuracy
Impedance Accuracy
Reset Ratio Impedance
Reset Ratio Overcurrent
Reset Ratio Earth Overcurrent
Reset Ratio Earth Overvoltage

5 independent
Quadrilateral
Under-impedance / Overcurrent
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
0,0 .. 60,0 s (independent for each zone)
0,0 .. 60,0 s (independent for each zone)
30,0 .. 90,0
30,0 .. 90,0
0,0 .. 60,0
0,05 .. 500,00 (In=1 A) / 0.01 .. 100.00 (In=5 A)
10.0 .. 60.0
0,20 .. 4,0 pu
0,10 .. 4,00 pu
0,005 .. 0,80 pu
0,20 .. 10,00 pu
0,00 .. 60,00 s
< 35 ms (with SIR =1 and Xdef < 0,75 Xop)
3%10ms
5% of Zn
1,05
0,96
0,96
0,96

Power Swing Blocking / Out of Step

Tripping

Power Swing Blocking

Reset time
Out of step tripping

Independent of the Distance Protections step

0,1 .. 10 s
Active/Inactive

Switch-On-To-Fault Protection

Activation Time
Operacional current
Current Accuracy
Min. Operating Time
Reset Ratio

0,04 .. 60,0 s
0,20 .. 40,0 pu
3% (minimum 3% In)
< 30 ms
0.96

High Set Overcurrent Protection for

Phase to Phase Faults

Operational Current
Time Delay
Min. Operating Time
Timer Accuracy
Current Accuracy
Reset Ratio
Max. Reset time

0,2 .. 40 pu
0 .. 60 s
30 ms (with I 2 Iop)
10 ms
5% (minimum 3% In)
0,95
30 ms

Definite/Inverse Time Low Set

Overcurrent Protection for Phase to
Phase Faults

Curves

Current Accuracy
Start Value of Inverse Time Protection
Reset Ratio
Max. Static Reset Time

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEC standard

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEEE standard
0,2 .. 20 pu
0,04 .. 300 s
0,05 .. 1,5
10 ms (definite time)
3% or 10 ms (inverse time)
3% (minimum 3% In)
1,2 Iop
0,96
30 ms

Operational Current
Time Delay
Timer Accuracy
Current Accuracy
Reset Ratio
Max. Reset Time

0,2 .. 40 pu
0,04 .. 300 s
10 ms
3% (minimum 3% In)
0,96
30 ms

Definite Time Universal Overcurrent

Protection for Phase to Phase Faults

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

Operational Current
Temporisation
TM regulation
Timer Accuracy

17/23

High Set Overcurrent Protection for

Phase to Earth Faults

Operational Current
Time Delay
Min. Operating Time
Timer Accuracy
Current Accuracy
Reset Ratio
Max. Reset Time

0,1 .. 40 pu
0 .. 60 s
30 ms (with I 2 Iop)
10 ms
5% (minimum 3% In)
0,95
30 ms

Definite/Inverse Time Low Set

Overcurrent Protection for Phase to
Earth Faults

Curves

Current Accuracy
Start Value of Inverse Time Protection
Reset Ratio
Max. Static Reset Time

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEC standard

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEEE standard
0,1 .. 20 pu
0,04 .. 300 s
0,5 .. 15
10 ms (definite time)
3% or 10 ms (inverse time)
3% (minimum 3% In)
1,2 Iop
0,96
30 ms

Definite Time Universal Overcurrent

Protection for Phase to Earth Faults

Operational Current
Time Delay
Timer Accuracy
Current Accuracy
Reset Ratio
Max. Reset Time

0,1 .. 40 pu
0,04 .. 300 s
10 ms
3% (minimum 3% In)
0,96
30 ms

Directional Phase Fault Protection

Available Phase Relations

Memory duration after voltage drop

30 .. 60 (forward/reverse)
2,5 s

Directional Earth Fault Protection

Available Phase Relations

Min. Zero sequence Voltage

-90 .. 90 (forward/reverse)
0,005.. 0,8 pu

Remote Tripping

Time Delay
Timer Accuracy

0,0 .. 10,0 s
10 ms

Distance Protection Teleprotection

Schemes

Schemes
Line Configuration
Send Time
Lock Time DCB
Security Time DCUB
Lock Time DCUB
Failure Time DCUB
Confirmation Time Transient Lock
Lock Time Transient Lock
Timer Accuracy

DUTT / PUTT / POTT / POTT + DCUB / DCB

2 terminals / 3 terminals
0,0 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,05 .. 0,0s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
10 ms

Directional Earth Fault Protection

Teleprotection Schemes

Schemes
Line Configuration
Send Time
Lock Time DCB
Security Time DCUB
Lock Time DCUB
Failure Time DCUB
Confirmation Time Transient Lock
Lock Time Transient Lock
Timer Accuracy

POTT / POTT + DCUB / DCB

2 terminals / 3 terminals
0,0 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,05 .. 60,0s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,02 .. 10,0 s
10 ms

Echo and Weak End Infeed Logic

Operating mode
Confirmation time
Echo emission time
Operational voltage (distance)
Operational voltage (earth directional)
Voltage precision
Time precision

Echo / Echo + Tripping

0,02 .. 10,0 s
0,0 .. 10,0 s
0,20 .. 1 pu (VREF = VPFASE-EARTH)
0,05 .. 0,8 pu (VREF = VRESIDUAL)
2%
10 ms

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

Operational Current
Time Delay
TM regulation
Timer Accuracy

18/23

High Set Phase Balance Protection

Operational Current
Time Delay
Min. Operating Time
Timer Accuracy
Current Accuracy
Reset Ratio
Max. Reset Time

0,1 .. 10 pu
0 .. 60 s
30 ms (with I 2 Iop)
10 ms
5% (minimum 3% In)
0,95
30 ms

Definite/Inverse Time Low Set Phase

Balance Protection

Curves

Current Accuracy
Start Value of Inverse Time Protection
Reset Ratio
Max. Static Reset Time

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEC standard

NI, VI, EI, LI of IEEE standard
0,1 .. 5 pu
0,04 .. 300 s
0,5 .. 15
10 ms (definite time)
3% or 10 ms (inverse time)
3% (minimum 3% In)
1,2 Iop
0,96
30 ms

Automatic Reclosing

Maximum Number of Cycles

Dead Time
Reclaim Time
Circuit Breaker Manoeuvre Time

5
0,1 .. 60 s
1 .. 60 s
0,05 .. 60 s

Voltage Transformer Supervision

Asymmetrical Failure Detection Mode

Operational Residual Voltage
Operational Residual Current
Operational Negative Voltage
Operational Negative Current
Operational Three-phase Voltage
Operational Delta Current
Lock Time after Line Energisation
Min. Current
Current Accuracy
Voltage Accuracy
Timer Accuracy

Zero or negative sequence

0,05 .. 0,50 pu
0,10 .. 1,00 pu
0,05 .. 0,80 pu
0,10 .. 1,00 pu
0,005 .. 1,00 pu
0,10 .. 1,00 pu
0,05 .. 60 ,0 s
0,10 .. 1,00 pu
3% (of In)
2% (of Un)
10 ms

Synchronism and Voltage Check

Operation Mode
Closing Mode
Bus Voltage Selection
Bus/Line Voltage Ratio

Manual / Automatic (independent)

OFF / LLLB / DLLB / LLDB / DLDB / Release
(independent for each operation mode)
A / B / C / AB / BC / CA
0,10 .. 10,0 pu

Bus Voltage Angle

-180,0 .. 180,0

Dead Line Voltage

Live Line Voltage
Max. Voltage

0,05 .. 0,80 pu
0,20 .. 1,20 pu
0,50 .. 1,50 pu

Min. Frequency

Voltage Difference

47,0 .. 50,0 Hz (rated frequency = 50Hz)

57,0 .. 60,0 Hz (rated frequency = 60Hz)
50,0 .. 53,0 Hz (rated frequency = 50Hz)
60,0 .. 63,0 Hz (rated frequency = 60Hz)
0,01 .. 0,50 pu (independent for each mode)

Frequency Difference

0,02 .. 4,00 Hz (independent for each mode)

Phase Difference

2,00 .. 60,0 (independent for each mode)

Operational Current
Time Delay
TM Regulation
Timer Accuracy

Max. Frequency

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

Command Time

0,0 .. 600,0 s (independent for each mode)

Confirmation Time

0,0 .. 60,0 s (independent for each mode)

Timer Accuracy
Voltage Accuracy
Frequency Accuracy
Angle Accuracy

10 ms
0,5%
20 mHz
2

19/23

Breaker Failure Protection

Time Delay
Confirmation Time of Trip Circuit Failure

0,05 .. 10 s
0,05 .. 10 s

Dead Line Detection

Detection Criteria
Min. Operational Current
Min. Operational Voltage
Confirmation Time
Current Accuracy
Voltage Accuracy
Timer Accuracy

Current and Voltage/Current and CB Status

0,10 .. 1,00 pu
0,05 .. 1,00 pu
0,04 .. 1,00 s
3%
2%
10 ms

Circuit Breaker and Disconnector

Supervision

Open Confirmation Time

Close Confirmation Time

0,05 .. 60 s
0,05 .. 60 s

Measurement Accuracy

Currents
Voltages
Power
Frequency
Impedances

0,5 % In
0,5 % Vn
1 % Sn
0,05 % fn
1 % Zn

Fault Locator

Accuracy

2 % (Line Length), minimum 0,1 (sec)

Max. Number of Fault Records

10 (in non-volatile memory)

Chronological Event Recorder

Resolution
Maximum Number of Events per Register
Number of Recorded Events

1 ms
256
> 28000

Oscillography

Sampling Frequency
Total Time Recorded

1000 Hz@ 50Hz

60 sec

Analogue Comparators

Configurable Settings
Timer Accuracy

High Level Value

Low Level Value
1s

Load Diagram

Measurements
Total Time Recorded

P, Q
1 month

SNTP Synchronization

SNTP servers number

Server requested time
Maximum variation
Packages minimum number
Server timeout
Functioning mode

2
1 .. 1440 min
1 .. 1000 ms
1 .. 25
1 .. 3600 s
Multicast/Unicast

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

20/23

VERSIONS

VERSION
AVAILABLE FUNCTIONS
Distance Protection (21/21N)

L420 D

L420 R

L420 S

Power Swing Blocking / Out of Step Tripping (78)

Switch-On-To-Fault Protection (50HS)
Phase Overcurrent Protection (50/51)

Earth Fault Overcurrent Protection (50/51N)

Directional Phase Fault Overcurrent (67)

Directional Earth Fault Overcurrent (67N)

Distance Protection Teleprotection Schemes (85/21)

Directional Earth Fault Protection Teleprotection

Schemes (85/67N)

Remote Tripping

Phase Balance Protection (46)

Echo and Weak End Infeed Logic (27WI)

Automatic Reclosing (79)

Synchronism and Voltage Check (25)

VT Supervision

Circuit Breaker Failure (62BF)

Trip Circuit Supervision (62)

Protection Trip Transfer (43)

Dead Line Detection

Circuit Breaker and Disconnector Supervision

Programmable Logic

Distributed Automation

Oscillography

Event Chronological Recorder

Fault Locator

Analogue Comparators

Load Diagram

The TPU L420-D is suitable for less integrated applications, with specific equipment for execution of automatic reclosing and synchronism
check functions. These functions are available in other two TPU L420 versions.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

21/23

ORDERING FORM
TPU L420 Ed1 Version
TPU L420 D
TPU L420 R
TPU L420 S

Rated current on 4th input current

0,04 A
0,2 A
1A
5A
Rated voltage on input voltage (VPHASE-TO-PHASE)
100 V
110 V
115 V
120 V
Rated voltage on 4th input voltage (VPHASE-TO-PHASE)
100 V
110 V
115 V
120 V
Frequency
50 Hz
60 Hz
Power Supply Nominal Value
24 Vdc
48 Vdc
110/125 Vdc/Vac
220/240 Vdc/Vac
Expansion Board I/O 1
Absent
Type 1 - 9 Inputs + 6 Outputs
Type 2 - 16 Inputs
Type 3 - 15 Outputs
Expansion Board I/O 2
Absent
Type 1 - 9 Inputs + 6 Outputs
Type 2 - 16 Inputs
Type 3 - 15 Outputs
Communication Protocols
Absent
Serial DNP 3.0
Lonworks with optical interface, without Auto Power Supply
Lonworks with optical interface, with Auto Power Supply
Lonworks with twisted-pair interface, without Auto Power Supply
Lonworks with twisted-pair interface, with Auto Power Supply
IEC 60870-5-104 over Ethernet 100BaseTx redundant
IEC 60870-5-104 over Ethernet 100BaseFx redundant
IEC 61850 over Ethernet 100BaseTx redundant
IEC 61850 over Ethernet 100BaseFx redundant

Serial Interface Port 2

RS 232 (by default)
RS 485
Plastic Optical Fibre
Glass Optical Fibre
Language
Portuguese
English
French
Spanish

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

D
R
S

Rated current on phase current transformers

1A
5A

Serial Interface Port 1

RS 232 (by default)
RS 485
Plastic Optical Fibre
Glass Optical Fibre

1A
5A

0,04A
0,2A
1A
5A

100V
110V
115V
120V
100V
110V
115V
120V

50Hz
60Hz

A
B
C
D

0
1
2
3

0
1
2
3

0
DNP
LON1
LON2
LON3
LON4
ETH1
ETH2
850T
850F

0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3

PT
UK
FR
ES

22/23

NOTES

Main Address
EFACEC Engenharia, S.A.
Rua Eng. Frederico Ulrich, 4471-907 Moreira Maia, Portugal | Tel. +351 22 940 20 00 | Fax +351 22 940 33 09 | E-mail: ase.eng@efacec.com | Web: www.efacec.com

Due to the continuous development, data may change without notice.

Not valid as a contractual document.

TPU L420 1 ST EDITION REV. 1.7, MAY 2010

23/23