Tissue Engineered Organs

Not yet feasible

Possibilities:
-

Stem cell seeding of scaffold in a lab

Body as a bioreactor
3D printing
Decellularized donor organs seeded with stem cells

2 Obstacles
1. Ethical
a. Sdult stem cells are rare and low in potency
b. Stem cells produced by thereputic cloning are highly potent but
ethical questions remain
2. Technological
a. Vascularisation is highly problematic in labs
b. Body as bioreactor?
c. 3d printing
d. De-cellularized organs doped with stem cels>>

27. 3D bioprinter
3D print organs and cells
Principle: printing clumps of cells at a time onto bio gels
Body as bioreactor to grow organs

Computational Dream
Wireless monitoring of all bioelectronics implants
Complete simulation of the human body from a molecular scale upwards, with no
more necessity for human clinical trails
1. Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics
a. Mapping blood flow or air through body

28. Finite element software

Modelling of body structures, eg bone, muscle cartlidge
Simulation of implants eg load, forces

29. Molecular simulation

Molecular modelling of drugs
Modelling of amino acids, proteins and its bodily effects, to design drugs
Virtual Surgery

30. E-medicine
Internet Medicine doctors working online to reach remote locations

AUS MARKET ON BIOMED

1. CSL
a. Started in WW1
b. About 42 Billion
c. Supplies almost all anti venoms
d. Supplies blood derivatives eg plasma
e. Supplies pharmaceuticals, vaccines
f. Bioplasma products
2. ResMed
a. Formed in 1989
b. Sleep apnea world leader
c. 9.3 Bill
3. Cochlear
a. 1977
b. Bionic Ear world leader
c. 5.2 Bill
4. Sirtex Medical
a. Formed 1997
b. Supplies the only treatment for Liver cancer that works. Injectable
radioactive microspheres.
c. 1.7 Bill
5. MesoBlast
a. Stem cell technology world leader
b. 1.3 Bill
c. Produces series of high margin adult stem cell products
6. NanoSonics
a. Medical device company for sterilization, infection control products
i. Mainly sterilisation of ultrasound transducers
b. 0.5 Bill
c. Helps prevent medical appliance related infections

LEADING INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES

1. Medtronic
a. 100 Billion
b. All bionics, bioelectronics, orthopaedics
2. St. Jude
a. 18 Bill
b. Similar to Medtronic
c. Special for 3D operation navigation devices
3. Johnson and Johnson
a. 280 Bill
b. Wide range of pharmaceuticals, therapeutics and cosmetics
c. Not so much bionics

Largest Orthopaedic medical devices

1.
2.
3.
4.

Stryker 21b
Zimmer 11.7b
Biomet 4.5b
Smith and Nephew 10b

EXAM
-

No names of inventors, dates

No numbers
General information
Ethical issues
General characteristics of biomedical devices
Significant company names and their main products