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REACTION ENGINEERING
MOLE BALANCE
MISMISURAYA MEOR AHMAD
School of bioprocess engineering
Unimap
objectives
DESCRIBE and DEFINE the rate
of reaction,
DERIVE the general balance
equation,
APPLY the general mole balance
to the three most common types
of industrial reactors.
Definition
CHEMICAL ENGINEER
Distinguishes between other engineers is:
a knowledge of
Chemical Kinetics & Reactor Design
Aim
Select reaction system that operates in the safest
and most efficient manner key to economic
success or failure of a chemical plant.
Points of view
Before discuss the conditions that effect chemical
reaction rate mechanisms & reactor design
Chemical identity
Three ways a
chemical species
can lose its
chemical identity
1) Decomposition
3) Isomerization
2) Combination
-rj
Example:
A + 2B
C+D
A
B
For a catalytic reaction, we refer to -rA',
which is the rate of disappearance of
species A on a per mass of catalyst basis.
A products
may be a linear function
of concentration:
may be a quadratic function
of concentration:
determined
from
experimental
observation
How to derive?
Step 1:
Understand the meaning of all the
terms!
(Fj0,Fj, Gj and Nj)
BR advantage:
High conversions (can be obtained by leaving
the reactant in the reactor for long period of
time).
BR disadvantage:
High labor cost per batch
The variability of products from batch to
batch
The difficulty of large-scale production
1) Batch Reactor
Batch derivation
General Mole Balance on System Volume, V
From GMBE:
Mole Balance Equation for Batch reactor become:
Assumption (BR):
Obtain:
This is integral form of
mole balance on a BR.
It gives the time, t1 necessary to reduce the
number of moles from NAO to NA1 and also to form NB1
moles of B
View of CSTR
Or
2) From mole balance on species j in a differential
segment of the reactor volume V.
To derive MB on PFR:
Question?
Solution
SUMMARY
In the BR, PFR & CSTR, the design equation (mole balances)
were developed based on reactor volume, V. While design
equation of PBR based on mass solid catalyst, W.
Industrial Reactors
British Petroleum Reactor Photos
Fixed Bed Reactor
Tutorial 1
Submit on 22 September 2011 before 1200
at Bioprocess main office
Tutorial 1
Q &A
THANK YOU