Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge

Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge
1 of 12
http://www.engineeringcivil.com/analysis-and-design-of-prestressed-conc...
Pile Testing Systems

www.piletest.com
Robust piling QA systems. See what our
users say...
Posted in Prestress Engineering, Project Reports, Research Papers |
Email This Post |
By
Miss.P.R. Bhivgade
Abstract:- Bridge construction today has achieved a worldwide level of importance. Bridges are the
key elements in any road network Use of box girder is gaining popularity in bridge engineering
fraternity because of its better stability, serviceability, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural
efficiency. The structural behavior of box girder is complicated, which is difficult to analyze in its
actual conditions by conventional methods. In present study a two lane simply supported Box
Girder Bridge made up of prestressed concrete which is analysis for moving loads as per Indian
Road Congress (IRC:6) recommendations, Prestressed Code (IS: 1343) and also as per IRC: 18 specifications. The analyzed of box girder using SAP 2000
14 Bridge Wizard and prestressed with parabolic tendons in which utilize full section. The various span/ depth ratio considered to get the proportioning
depth at which stresses criteria and deflection criteria get satisfied.
Keywords: Concrete Box Girder Bridge, Prestress Force, Eccentricity, Prestress Losses, Reinforcement, Flexure strength, shear strength, SAP Model.
I. INTRODUCTION
Prestress concrete is ideally suited for the construction of medium and long span bridges. Ever since the development of prestressed concrete by
Freyssinet in the early 1930s, the material has found extensive application in the construction of long-span bridges, gradually replacing steel which needs
costly maintenance due to the inherent disadvantage of corrosion under aggressive environment conditions. One of the most commonly used forms of
superstructure in concrete bridges is precast girders with cast-in-situ slab. This type of superstructure is generally used for spans between 20 to 40 m. T or
I-girder bridges are the most common example under this category and are very popular because of their simple geometry, low fabrication cost, easy
erection or casting and smaller dead loads. In this paper study the India Road Loading considered for design of bridges, also factor which are important to
decide the preliminary sizes of concrete box girders. Also considered the IRC:18-2000 for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges and Code of Practice
for Prestressed Concrete Indian Standard. Analyze the Concrete Box Girder Road Bridges for various spans, various depth and check the proportioning
depth.
II. FORMULATION
A. Loading on Box Girder Bridge
The various type of loads, forces and stresses to be considered in the analysis and design of the various components of the bridge are given in IRC
6:2000(Section II. But the common forces are considered to design the model are as follows:
Dead Load(DL): The dead load carried by the girder or the member consists of its own weight and the portions of the weight of the superstructure and any
fixed loads supported by the member. The dead load can be estimated fairly accurately during design and can be controlled during construction and
service.
Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL): The weight of superimposed dead load includes footpaths, earth-fills, wearing course, stay-in -place forms, ballast,
water-proofing, signs, architectural ornamentation, pipes, conduits, cables and any other immovable appurtenances installed on the structure.
Live Load(LL): Live loads are those caused by vehicles which pass over the bridge and are transient in nature. These loads cannot be estimated precisely,
and the designer has very little control over them once the bridge is opened to traffic. However, hypothetical loadings which are reasonably realistic need
to be evolved and specified to serve as design criteria. There are four types of standard loadings for which road bridges are designed.
i. IRC Class 70R loading
ii. IRC Class AA loading
iii. IRC Class A loading
iv. IRC Class B loading
The model is design by considering IRC Class A loading, which is normally adopted on all roads on which permanent bridges and culverts are constructed.
Total load is 554, the Fig.1 show the complete details of Class A.
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
2 of 12
Other information regarding Live load combination as per IRC:6 2000 Clause No.207.1 Note No.4
B. Thickness of Web
The thickness of the web shall not be less than d/36 plus twice the clear cover to the reinforcement plus diameter of the duct hole whered is the overall
depth of the box girder measured from the top of the deck slab to the bottom of the soffit or 200 mm plus the diameter of duct holes, whichever is greater.
C. Thickness of Bottom Flange
The thickness of the bottom flange of box girder shall be not less than 1/20th of the clear web spacing at the junction with bottom flange or 200 mm
whichever is more.
D. Thickness of Top Flange
The minimum thickness of the deck slab including that at cantilever tips be 200 mm. For top and bottom flange having prestressing cables, the thickness of
such flange shall not be less than 150 mm plus diameter of duct hole.
E. Losses in Prestress
While assessing the stresses in concrete and steel during tensioning operations and later in service, due regard shall be paid to all losses and variations in
stress resulting from creep of concrete, shrinkage of concrete, relaxation of steel, the shortening (elastic deformation) of concrete at transfer, and friction
and slip of anchorage.
In computing the losses in prestress when untensioned reinforcement is present, the effect of the tensile stresses developed by the untensioned
reinforcement due to shrinkage and creep shall be considered.
F. Calculation of Ultimate Strength
Ultimate moment resistance of sections, under these two alternative conditions of failure shall be calculated by the following formulae and the smaller of
the two values shall be taken as the ultimate moment of resistance for design:
i. Failure by yield of steel (under-reinforced section)
Mult = 0.9dbAsFp
Where,
As = the area of high tensile steel
Fp = the ultimate tensile strength for steel without definite yield point or yield stress or stress at 4 per centelongation whichever is higher for steel with a
definite yield point.
db = the depth of the beam from the maximum compression edge to the centre of gravity of the steel tendons.
ii. Failure by crushing concrete
Mult = 0.176 bdb2fck
Where,
b = the width of rectangular section or web of beam
fck= characteristics strength of concrete
G. Calculation of Section un- cracked in flexure
b = width in the case of rectangular member and width of the rib in the case of T, I and L beams
d = overall depth of the member
fcp = compressive stress at centroidal axis due to prestress taken as positive.
III. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF POST-TENSIONED DECK TYPE BOX-GIRDER BRIDGE
A post- tensioned deck type Box Girder
Bridges of clear span 30m and width of roadway is 7.5m. Assume Live Load as per IRC: 6-2000 vehicle is passing over deck given in chapter 4 and table
no. 4.2. The Bridge analysis for different L/d ratio starting from 15 to 20 and different L/d ratio considered are as follows:
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
3 of 12
Case 1 L/d= 19, d = 1.6

Case 2 L/d =18, d = 1.7
Case3 L/d = 17, d = 1.8
Case4 L/d= 16, d= 1.9
Case5 L/d= 15, d=2.0
Preliminary data
Clear span = 30m
Width of roadway = 7.5 m
Overhang from face of girder = 1.2m
Deck thickness = 0.2 m
Bottom slab thickness = 0.2 m
Girder thickness = 0.3 m
The tendon profile is considered as parabolic in nature.
As per IRC:18-2000
fck= 50 Mpa, fci = 0.8fck = 40 Mpa,
fct = 0.5fci = 20 Mpa, fcw = 0.33fck = 16.5 Mpa ft = 1/10fct = 2.0 Mpa, ftw = 0
As per IS:1343-1980
Ec = 5700fck1/2 = 40.30 kN/m2
fp = 1862 Mpa, n = 0.85, E = 2105 Mpa
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
4 of 12
Validation of Resuts
The bending moment, shear force and deflection result obtained by SAP 2000. The bending moment and shear force are calculated by considering
different loading condition such as dead load, live load and superimposed load. Same as deflection calculated. This results are the Case:1.
Table.1 Deflection
Load Case
DL +
SIDL
Live Prestressing
Load Force
Deflection (at
30.8 mm 25.2
midspan)
-14.36 mm
mm
Table.2 Bending Moment(t.m)
Span
0.0L
(m)
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
DL
0.00 353.56 628.56 824.98 942.84 982.12
LL
0.00 218.76 381.63 494.10 564.85 587.82
SIDL
0.00
53.46
95.04 124.74 142.56 148.50
Total
0.00 625.78 1105.231443.821650.261718.45

Table.3 Shear Force (t)
Span
0.0L
(m)
0.1L
0.2L 0.3L 0.4L
0.5L
DL
130.9 104.7 78.57 52.4 26.3
0.0
LL
32.92 23.29 14.27 7.42 2.62
0.0
SIDL 19.80 15.84 11.88 7.92 3.90
0.0
Total 183.6 143.9 104.7 67.7 32.8
0.0
Table.4 Calculation of Prestress Force
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
5 of 12
Table.5 Calculation of Eccentricity

Eccentricity Prestressing
(mm)
Force (kN)
440
21617.96
548
19380.69
650
17655.06
731
16489.15
The eccentricity
which give
minimum
prestressing force
(e) = 731mm
Table.6 Calculation of Prestress Losses

(As per IS:1343-1980)
Span
^S
^C Ê Â ^F ^R Total
(m)
0.0L
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
90
0.1L
2.6 2.3 78
9.7
90 182.6 0.9
2.6 2.4 39
22
90 155.8 0.91
0.2L
90
0.95
8E-05
0.3L
2.6 2.4 26 36.7 90 157.7 0.91
0.4L
2.7 2.5 20 54.3 90 169.0 0.9
0.5L
9.1 8.3 16 171 90 294.0 0.85
Where,
^S = Shrinkage
^C= Creep
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
6 of 12
Ê = Shortening of concrete
Â = Slip in anchorage
^F = Friction
^R = Relaxation
n= Efficiency
After Losses, effective Prestressing Force
(P) = P (1-Losses) = 14011.51 kN
Table.7 Calculation of Stresses at top and bottom fibre
At Transfer
Span
(m)
At Service Load
Top
Fibre
Bottom
fibre
Top
fibre
Bottom
Fibre
0.0L
4.16
4.16
4.16
4.16
0.1L
2.98
5.48
6.35
0.00
0.2L
1.91
6.67
8.37
0.00
0.3L
2.112
6.44
7.46
0.00
0.4L
2.24
6.29
6.88
0.00
0.5L
3.00
6.24
6.42
0.00
Compressive Stress at
Transfer = 6.66 < 0.5 fcj = 20 mpa
Service = 8.367 < 0.33 fck = 16.5 mpa
Tensile stress at
Initial Stage = 2.979 < 3mpa
(As per IS:1343 1980)
Working Stage = No tensile stress
Table.8 Calculation of Ultimate Flexure Strength
Failure by
Failure by
crushing
Ultimate Moment
yielding of
Span
of
Mu = (1.5DL +2.5
steel
(m)
concrete
LL) (kN.m)
(kN.m)
(kN.m)
0.0L
0.00
0.1L
11574.43
0.2L
20394.85
0.3L
26598.28
0.4L
30402.45
0.5L
31654.88
340578.53 5970560
Table.9 Calculation of Ultimate Shear strength
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
7 of 12
Span Ultimate Shear Balance Spacing

(mm)
(m) Moment capacity Shear
(kN)
Vcw
Vu =
(1.5DL (kN)
+2.5 LL)
(kN.m)
0.0L
3084.27 363.85 2720.43
55
0.1L
2391.35 419.97 1971.38
75
0.2L
1713.50 432.54 1280.96
100
0.3L
1089.90 470.56
619.34
200
0.4L
517.85
492.95
24.90
300
0.5L
0.00
0.00
0.00
Design of Reinforcement in Box Girder Bridge

P =14011.51 kN, d = 1350 mm, bw = 200 mm
Assume 150 mm wide and 150 mm deep distribution plate, located concentrically at centre.
ypo /y0 = 75/150 = 0.5 ,
As per IRC:18-2000, From table value of Fbst/ Pk = 0.17 and Fbst = 452.753 kN
Using 12 mm diameter links, area of steel links are,
Ast = 1254 mm/2
Providing 24 bars of 12 mm dia, 750mm also bar of 12 mm dia @ 110 mm c/c horizontally to form mesh.
Side Face Reinforcement
As per clause 18.6.3.3 of IS:1343-1980
Ast = 0.05 x 1350 x 300/100 = 202.5 mm/2
Provide 6 12 mm dia on each face of web
Design of Deck Slab
Using M30 grade concrete and Fe415
Total moment due to DL+SIDL+LL = 1427.0 kN.m
Depth required = 150.4 < 250 mm
Main Reinforcement
Ast = 3192.6824 mm/2
Providing 16mm bars dia 100 mm c/c
Design of Transverse Reinforcement
M = 0.3ML + 0.2(MDL + MSIDL)
M = 324 kN.m
Ast = 724.74 mm/2
Providing 12 mm dia bars @ 160 mm c/c
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
8 of 12
IV. COMPARSION OF RESULT FOR VARIOUS SPAN/ DEPTH RATIO

The comparison of prestress force, deflection and stresses values are obtained for various span/depth ratio ( table no. 10 & 11) for box girder bridge. The
values are calculated as per IS:1343-1980.
Table.10 Comparison of Deflection for various span/depth ratio.
Deflection
Prestress
Eccentricity
Span/Depth Force
DL +LL
(mm)
DL-Prestress
(kN)
Prestress
Force
Force
1.6
16.48
731
11.2
36.4
1.7
15.66
777
11.4
33.6
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
9 of 12
1.8
14.83
829
30
1.9
14.02
886
6.6
26.6
2.0
13.20
950
5.6
25.3
Note: All dimension in tonnes and mm.

Permissible (DL-Prestress Force) = 12 mm
Permissible (DL-LL-Prestress Force)= 85.7 mm
Table.11 Comparison of stress for various span/depth ratio
Stress at mid span
(N/mm2)
Eccen
Span/
Depth
Prestress
Tricity
Force
(tonne)
(mm)
At Transfer
At
Working
Top Bottom
Top
1.6
16.48
731
3.0
4.1
6.74
1.7
15.66
777
2.8
3.8
6.33
1.8
14.83
829
2.6
3.6
5.91
1.9
14.02
886
2.4
3.4
5.48
2.0
13.20
950
2.2
3.2
5.08
Note: Stress at mid span at working bottom = 0

V. CONCLUSION
This paper gives basic principles for portioning of concrete box girder to help designer to start with project. Box girder shows better resistance to the
torsion of superstructure. The various trail of L/d ratio are carried out for Box Girder Bridges, deflection and stress criteria satisfied the well within
permissible limits. As the depth increases, the prestressing force decreases and the no. of cables decrease. Because of prestressing the more strength of
concrete is utilized and also well governs serviceability.
VI. REFERENCES
1. IRC: 18 2000 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES (POST TENSIONED CONCRETE) THE INDIAN
ROADS CONGRESS.
2. IRC: 6- 2000 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ROAD BRIDGESTHE ROAD CONGRESS.
3. IS: 1343 1980 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE INDIAN STANDARD.
4. Andre Picard and Bruno Massicotte, Member SERVICEABILITY DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BRIDGES JOURNAL OF BRIDGE
ENGINEERING / FEBRUARY 1999
5. Ferhat Akgul and Dan M. Frangopol Lifetime Performance Analysis of Existing Prestressed Concrete Bridge Superstructures JOURNAL OF
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ASCE / DECEMBER 2004
6. James H. Loper,1 Eugene L. Marquis,2 Members and Edward J. Rhomberg Fellow. PRECAST PRESTRESSED LONG-SPAN BRIDGES JOURNAL
OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ASCE
7. John R. Fowler, P.Eng, Bob Stofko, P.Eng. Precast Options for Bridge Superstructure Design Economical and Social Linkages Session of the 2007
Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
8. Krishna Raju DESIGN OF BRIDGES OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT. LTD.
9. Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Rombach Concepts for prestressed concrete bridges Segmental box girder bridges with external prestressing Technical University,
Hamburg-Harburg, Germany.
10. Tushar V. Ugale, Bhavesh A. Patel and H. V. Mojidra (2006).
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er. Priyanka Bhivgade for submitting her research on Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box
girder bridge to us. We are hopeful that this will be of great use to all civil engineers who are willing to understand the design of prestressed concrete
box girder.
More Entries :
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
10 of 12
How do engineer determine the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges?
Which type of multiple-cell box girder is better, cells connected by top flanges or cells
connected both by top and bottom flanges?
Why does the presence of tension reinforcement lead to increasing deflection in concrete
structures?
What are the functions of different reinforcement in a typical pile cap?
Plate Girder In Buildings
What are the limitations of grillage analysis?
What is the effect of shear lag in a typical box-girder bridge?
In the construction of a two-span bridge (span length = L) by using span-by-span
construction, why is a length of about 1.25L bridge segment is constructed in the first phase
of construction?
Comments
Hameed Ajmal Sheikh May 7, 2013 at 12:47 am
It is very useful information for design engineers especially Bridge Design engineer.I shall be thankful if you could send me the Excel sheets for this
design as I intend to use it in near future.Thanks and regards
Engr. Hameed A Sheikh
Reply Link Quote
Yoseph Asrat July 9, 2013 at 5:19 am
I got more information from the documents about bridge design.If u send me more other information about bridge design or other related documents
I develop my knowledge for the future. Thanks for your cooperation.
Eng. Yoseph Asrat.
Reply Link Quote
Sharma RL September 6, 2013 at 11:10 am
I find it very interesting and knowledgeable.
Kindly send more information,Excel sheets and other relevant details
Thanks
Sharma RL
Reply Link Quote
Post a comment
Name
Email
Website
Share Information
Submit Content
Ask An Expert
What is Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering Home
Civil Engineering Disciplines
Civil Engineering History
Journals Books And Softwares

Free Civil Engineering Magazines and White Papers
Civil Engineering Books
Civil Engineering Journals
Civil Engineering Softwares
Branches Of Civil Engineering

Building
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
11 of 12
Bridge Engineering
Concrete Engineering
Highway Engineering
Hydraulics
Marine Engineering
Piles Engineering
Prestress Engineering
Soil Engineering
Steelworks
Surveying
Timber Engineering
Civil Engineering Jobs

Civil Engineering Jobs
Knowledge Center
Construction Equipments
Civil Engineering Disasters
Civil Engineering Events
Civil Engineering Facts
Civil Engineering Information
Civil Engineering Notes From Universities
Civil Engineering Presentations
Civil Engineering Quotes
Civil Engineering Videos
Civil Engineering Wonders
Construction Terms
Famous Civil Engineers
Interviews
Material and Site Testing
Measurement Units
Mix Design
Project Reports
Research Papers
Student Corner
Help Others
Civil Engineering Universities/Events

Civil Engineering Universities
Shanghai International Green Wooden Residential Exhibition 2013
TTUS 2014
Advertise Your Event Here
Gallery - Civil Engineering Pictures

Bridges
Civil Engineers And Workers
Construction Equipments
Construction Site
Roads And Highways
Skyscrapers
Search
Author
The Best Creator Next To God Is A Civil Engineer.
11/16/2013 10:15 PM
12 of 12
Top Contributors
You can list yourself here by submitting civil engineering related topics to us.
Er. Harpal Aujla
Er. Raj M. Khan
Er. Vikrant
Ramasesh Iyer
Er. Kaushal Kishore
Vincent T. H. CHU
Yahoo Group - Civil Engineering Portal

Subscribe to EngineeringCivil.com
Powered by groups.yahoo.com
Recently Added
Feasibility study of Sky Bus Metro Linking Cities in Himalaya Region
From Sediment Dredging to Island Making
Mechanical Properties Of Recycled Aggregates Concrete
List of Projects Related to Earthquake Engineering
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport: Construction of South Runway ProjectAerial View of the Retaining Wall
4th China International Trenchless Exhibition TTUS 2014
Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete
The 5 Shanghai International Green Wooden Residential Exhibition
Carbon Fibre As A Recent Material Use In Construction
Stone Mastic Asphalt
Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement
Submerged Floating Tunnel
Seismic Pounding Effects In Buildings
Automated Construction By Contour Crafting
Excel Sheet For Sieve Analysis Of Aggregate And To Calculate Fineness Modulus
Civil Engineering Links

Gemini Geek
The Bigger
Civil Engr. Software Database
Impressive Buildings
Civil Engineering Links
About Us | Contact Us | Disclaimer | Copyright Policy | Privacy Policy | Media | Testimonials

All Rights Reserved:2007-2012 |
11/16/2013 10:15 PM

Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Analysis and design of prestressed concrete box girder bridge

Pile Testing Systems

Posted in Prestress Engineering, Project Reports, Research Papers |

Email This Post |