Professional Documents
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REVIEWER
LAND REGISTRATION
Purposes:
1. To quiet title
2. To provide a means of publication
Ways of Registering Title
1. Judicial
filing of petition with the court
decree OCT
2. Administrative
filing of petition with the DENR or the
Director of Lands
patent OCT
2 Kinds of Registration Proceedings
1. Original securing of title for the first
time (OCT)
2. Subsequent registration after the
original registration (OCT TCT)
Kinds of Original Registration
1. Ordinary
voluntary registration
Kinds:
a. Under P.D. No. 1529
b. Under Sec. 48(b) of CA No. 141,
as amended
2. Cadastral
compulsory registration initiated by the
government.
involuntary registration
Original Registration Proceeding
proceeding brought before the Regional Trial
Court (land registration court) to determine title
or ownership of land on the basis of an
application for registration or answer by a
claimant in a cadastral registration.
Systems of Registration
1. Registered lands under the Torrens
system
2. Unregistered lands under Act No. 3344
and P.D. No. 1529
TORRENS SYSTEM
a system for registration of land under which,
upon the landowners application, the court may,
after appropriate proceedings, direct the
issuance of a certificate of title.
Purposes:
1. To avoid possible conflicts of title in and to
real property; and
2. To facilitate transactions relative thereto by
giving the public the right to rely upon the
face of the Torrens certificate of title and to
dispense with the need of inquiring further,
except when the party concerned has actual
Registrable Lands:
1. Public agricultural lands
2. Private lands
Non-registrable lands:
1. Those found in Civil Code provisions
dealing with non-registrable properties
(e.g. property of public domain)
2. Specific
kinds
of
non-registrable
properties or lands:
a. Forest or timberland, public
forest, & forest reserve
b. Mangrove swamps
c. Mineral lands
d. Foreshore land & seashore
e. Navigable rivers, streams &
creeks
f. Lakes
g. Military Reservations
h. Watershed
i. Grazing lands
j. Previously titled land
k. Alluvial deposit along river when
man-made
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STEPS
IN
ORDINARY
LAND
REGISTRATION PROCEEDINGS: (SFSTP-SFH-PIEST)
Survey of the land by the Bureau of Lands
or a duly licensed private surveyor;
Filing of Application for Registration by the
applicant;
Setting of date for initial hearing by the
court;
Transmittal of Application and date of initial
hearing together with all documents or other
evidences attached thereto by the Clerk of
Court to the Land Registration Authority;
Publication of Notice of Filing of Application
and date and place of hearing once in the
Official Gazette and once in a newspaper of
general circulation in the Philippines;
Service of Notice upon contiguous owners,
occupants and those known to have interest
in the property by the sheriff;
Filing of Answer or Opposition to Application
by any person whether named in the notice
or not;
Hearing of the case by the court;
Promulgation of judgment by the court;
Issuance of decree by the court declaring
the decision final and instructing the Land
Registration Authority to issue a Decree of
Confirmation and Registration;
Entry of Decree in the Land Registration
Authority;
Publication,
Answer or Opposition
adverse claimants must set forth in their
answer all their objections to the application and
must claim that title should instead be issued to
them.
the supporting evidence is the same as that
required of an original applicant
1. Publication
Official Gazette and newspaper of general
circulation
Purposes:
1. To confer jurisdiction over the land
applied for upon the court
2. To charge the whole world with
knowledge of the application of the land
involved
Hearing
the court may either:
1. hear the parties and their evidence; or
2. refer the case or any part thereof to a
referee or commissioner.
Because of the Regalian Doctrine, the burden
of proving interest in the land is incumbent upon
the applicant.
evidence may be testimonial or documentary,
e.g. survey plan, tracing cloth plan, and other
muniments of title.
2. Mailing
Mailing of the Notice of Hearing
Administrator of Land Registration Authority
shall cause a copy of the notice shall cause a
Mailing,
and
Posting
Requirements (PMP)
mandatory and jurisdictional requirements
Judgment
the court has 2 duties:
1. Render judgment, declare the same
final, and cause the decisions entry;
and
2. Order the LRA to issue decree of
registration.
The court decision is reduced into a
compact statement.
The court may reverse its decision even after
the LRA has already issued the decree of
registration, provided that such decree has still
not been entered in the LRA records.
Duties of the LRA:
1. Issue a decree of registration;
2. Enter the decree in its records;
3. Send copy of the decree to the Register
of Deeds.
The RD issues the certificate of title.
DECREE OF REGISTRATION
issued by the LRA
Contents:
1. date , hour, minute of entry
2. signature of the LRA Administrator
3. whether the owner is married or
unmarried, and if married, the name of
the husband or wife
CERTIFICATE OF TITLE
issued by the RD
true copy of the decree of registration
Probative value: best evidence of ownership of
registered land
Attributes and Limitations:
GENERAL RULE: Every registered owner
receiving a certificate of title in pursuance of
registration and every subsequent purchaser
taking a certificate for value and in good faith
shall hold the same free from all encumbrances.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. Those noted on the certificate
2. Liens claims or rights arising or existing
under the laws and the Constitution, not
required to appear of record in the
Register of Deeds to be valid
3. Unpaid real estate taxes levied and
assessed within 2 years immediately
preceding the acquisition of the right
over the land by an innocent purchaser
for value
4. Any public highway, or private way
established or recognized by law, or any
government irrigation canal or lateral
thereof, if the certificate of title does nit
state the boundaries of such
5. Any disposition of the property or
limitation on the use thereof pursuant to
P.D. 27 or any other law or regulations
on agrarian reform
Indefeasibility of Certificate of Title
No adverse claim; if
the applicant fails to
prove his title, his
application may be
dismissed
without
prejudice
(no
res
judicata)
if
none
of
the
applicants can prove
that he is entitled to the
land, the same shall be
declared public (res
judicata)
retroactive
15 years
v. levies on execution
e. Foreclosure
UNREGISTERED LANDS
1. Voluntary and involuntary instruments
affecting unregistered land must also be
registered;
2. With respect to voluntary instruments, it is
the registration thereof that makes them binding
as even as against third persons; and
3. A party to such instrument may, when
proper, resort to the remedy of consultas.
Sale of Unregistered lands:
a. There must be a deed or instrument of
conveyance
b. There must be an agreement to register the
land under the Torrens System with the RD
Even without registration, the contract is valid
and binding upon the parties thereto alone and
not upon third parties without notice.
However, as to third parties, knowledge is
tantamount to registration.