Takes you to places where you belong.

MENSURATION
Areas of 2 dimensional Figures
SI.
No
1

Name of figure

Figure

Triangle

A
a

Perimeter

Areas

Nomenclature

a+b+c

1
ah
2

a, b, c sides
h - altitude

b
h

C
a

Right
triangle

Angled

a+b+c

1
ab
2

b
3

Equilateral Triangle

a
B
4

Isosceles
right
angled triangle

3 2
a
4

2a + b

1 2
a
2

a Equal sides
b - Hypotenuse

2 (l + b)

lb

l length
b - breadth

4a

a2

a Equal side
d diagonal =
2a

2( a + b)

bh

Rectangle

A
B
6

R-Equal side
3
H =
a2
altitude

3a

A
a

a, b, c sides,
c- Hypotenuse
b base, aheight

Square

A
D
d
7

Parallelogram

a
D
B
C
B
C

A
a
h
b

a, b Adjacent
sides,
h altitude
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
a
293682573.doc
-1-

Takes you to places where you belong.

Rhombus

b - base
a equal side
d1,
d2
diagonals

4a

1
d1d2
2

Sum
of
the
four
sides

1
(a
2
b)h

Sum
of
the
four
sides

1
d(h1 +
2
h2)

d diagonal
AC.
h1,
h2

altitudes
of
ADC and ABC

2r or d

r2

r radius
d
=
2r
diameter

C
a
a
d1
9

Trapezium

AD

d2

ab

BC

h
10

Quadrilateral

A
B A

a
D
h1

h2
11

Circle

B
C

or
2

d
4

a, b Parallel
sides
H - altitude

h
12

Semi-circle

r or

d
2

r2
d2
or
2
8

h
13

Annulus of a ring

A
B

(R2 r2)

o
r

r-Radius
of
outer circle
r radius of
inner circle

o
R
14

Sector of a circle

l + 2r

r 2

360
l
2 r
360
lr
or

= AOB
r radius of
circle
l length of
arc

r
r
A
1.The ratio of length of breadth of a room is 3:2 and its area is 216m2.
B
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
l

293682573.doc
-2-

Takes you to places where you belong.

Find its length.

Solution:
Let l and b be the length and breadth of the room
l:b=3:2
b

2l
3

Given, lb = 216m2

2l
216
3
3
l2 = 216
= 1083
2
l.

= 9433
l =323 = 18m.
2.The length of a room is 6m and the length is twice the breadth. If the area of the
floor is 162m2, find the area of the four walls of the room.
Solution:
Let l, b, h be the length, breadth and height of the room
respectively.
Given h= 6m. and l=2b.
Area of the floor =lb =162
2b2 = 162, since l=2b
b2 = 81
b = 9m, l =18m, h =6m.
Area of four walls= 2h(l + b)
= 26(18+9) = 1227 = 324m2
3.The diagonal of a square field is 50m. Find the area of the field.
Solution:
Let a be the side and d be the diagonal of the square.
2 a = 50
a=

50
2

= 25

Area of the square = a2 = (25 2 )2 = 6252 = 1250m2

4.The radii of two concentric circles are 8cm and 10cm. Find the area of the region
between them.
Solution:
Given, R= 10cm, and r = 8cm.
Area between the two circles = outer area Inner area= R 2 r 2
=(R2-r2)= (R r)(R r) = (10 8)(10 8) = 18 2 = 36

cm 2 , where = 3.14 approx

5.find The number of students who can sit in a class room with length 20m and
A
r
breadth 9m, if each student requires a space of 90cm 80m.
B
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
293682573.doc
-3-

Takes you to places where you belong.

Number of students = Area of the room/ Area of space required for 1 student
=

20 100 9 100
= 250 students.
90 80

6.A horse is placed for grazing inside a square field 12m long and is tethered
to one corner by a rope 8m long. Find the grazing area of the horse.

Solution:
The horse is tethered at 0
Given OP =OR = 12m= side of square.
Length of rope = OA =OB = 8m.
The horse can graze within the shaded region which is a sector of a
circle of radius = OA =8m and AOB =90
Area of grazing =

7.A man takes 7

0
90
1
r2 =
82 =
64 = 16m2
360
360
4

1
min to walk along the diagonal of a square field at the rate of
2

2km/hr. find the area of the square field in m2.

Rate of walking = 2km/hr =

Distance in 7

1
min =
2

2 1000
m/min
60

15 2 1000

250
2
60

2 a = 250, where a is side.

250
A=
= 125 2
2
Area of square = a2 = (125 2) 2 = 31250
8. If the radius of a circle is tripled, its perimeter will become how many times of its
previous Circumference?
Solution:
Let r be the radius of the circle.
Circumference = 2r
When radius is tripled, radius = 3r.
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
293682573.doc
-4-

Takes you to places where you belong.

New Circumference = 2 3r = 3 2r = 3 times its previous

Circumference.
9.An equilateral triangle of side 6cm has its corners cut off to form a regular
hexagon. Find the area of the hexagon.
Solution:
ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 6cm.
PQRSTU is a regular hexagon formed,
By cutting off 2cm on each corner on all the three sides.
The hexagon has a side equal to 2cm.
6 3
6 3
Area of hexagon =
(side)2 =
2 2 = 6 3 Cm2
4
4
10.The price of paint is Rs.100 per kg. A kilogram of paint covers 25sq.m. How much
will it cost to paint the inner walls and the ceiling of a room having 6 meters each
side?
Solution:

Area to be painted = Area of the 4 walls + area of the ceiling

=4a2 +a2 where a = 6m.
=566 = 180m2
Cost of painting =

area to be painted
100 rupees.
25

180
100 = Rs.720
25

MENSURATION OF SOLIDS
1.If
the
Solution:

total

surface

of

cube

is

Surface area = 6a2 = 216 a2 =

216cm 2,

find

its

volume

216
36 . i.e. a =6
6

Volume of cube = a3 = 666 = 216m3

2.Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1:3 and the radii of their bases in the
ratio 3:1. Find the ratio of their volumes.
Solution:

h1 1
r
3
and 1
h2 3
r2
1

ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited

293682573.doc
-5-

Takes you to places where you belong.

1
h2 and r1 = 3r2
3

h1 =

1
2
h
2
r1 h1
2
r1 h1
(3r2 )2 2
V1
9r2 h2
3

=
=
=
= 3: 1
3
2
2
1
V2
2
2
r
h
3r
h
r2 h2
2
2
2
2
r2 h2
3
V1: V2 = 3: 1
3.If the radius of base and height of a cone are increased by 10%, find the
percentage of increase of its volume.
Solution:

1
2
r1 h1
3
Let r1 and h1 are increased by 10%
Let r2 and h2 be the new radius and height.
V1 =

r2 =

V2 =

11r1
110h1
11h1
110
r1 =
and h2 =
=
100
10
100
10

1
2
r2 h2
3

1
11r1
= 3 10

% Increase in volume =

11h1
1
121r1 11h1

10 = 3
1000

V2 V1
100
V1

121 11 2
1 2
r1 h1 r1 h1
3000
3
100
=
1 2
r1 h1
3
121 11
1 2
1 r1 h1

331
1000
3
100 33.1%
=
100 =
1000
1 2
r1 h1
3
4.Two cylindrical buckets have their diameters in the ratio 3:1 and their heights are
as 1: 3. Find the ratio of their volumes.
Solution:
2
d1
V1 r1 h1
3

,
where
and d1 = 3d2
d2
1
V2 r2 2h2

ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited

293682573.doc
-6-

Takes you to places where you belong.

d1 h1
2

d2 h2

d1 h1
2

d2 h 2

where, d1 = 2r1 and d2 = 2r2 are diameters

V1
V2

3d2 2

3 9d2 h2
2
2
d2 h 2
3d2 h2

=3:1

5. The rainwater from a flat rectangular roof. 5 metres by 6 metres, drains into a
tank 1m deep and of base 1.2m2. What amount of rainfall will fill the tank?
Solution:
Area of the rectangular roof = 5 6 = 30m2
= 30100100cm2
Volume of the tank = 11.2 = 1.2m2 = 1.2100100100cm3
1.2 100 100 100
Volume of water
Amount of rainfall = Area of rectangular roof =
=
30 100 100

120
4cm
30
6. A cylindrical rod of iron, whose height is equal to its radius, is melted and cast into
spherical balls whose radius is half the radius of the rod. Find the number of balls.
Solution:
Let r be the radius of the cylindrical rod.
Its height = r
Volume of rod = r2h = r2r = r3
Volume of one spherical ball =
Volume of the spherical ball =

Number of balls=

r
2

4 r 3 r 3

3
8
6

Volume of rod
r3
3
=6
volume of one ball r /6

ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited

293682573.doc
-7-

Takes you to places where you belong.

7.Find the ratio of the surfaces of the inscribed and circumscribed spheres about a
cube.
Solution:
Let a be the side of the cube.
Radius of the inscribed sphere =

a
2

Radius of the circumscribed sphere

=

1
Diagonal of cube
2

1
2 a =
2

a
2

Surface area of the inscribed sphere 4(radius)2

Surface of the circumscribed sphere 4(radius)2

(a/2)2
(a/ 2 )

a2
2
2
4
a

r2
R2

1
2

Ratio of surface areas = 1: 2

8.The volume of a cuboid is 54cm 3.Each side of its square base is

1
of its altitude.
2

Find the side of the base.

Solution:

Let a be the side of the square base.

Altitude of the cuboid = 2a.
Volume = Area of the base Height
= a2 2a = 54
= 2a3 = 54
= a3 = 27
a = 3cm.

9.There is a cylinder circumscribing the hemisphere such that their bases are
D
common. Find the ratio of their volumes.
Solution:
R =OA = OB = Radius of hemisphere.
= Radius of cylinder ABCD.
Height of the cylinder = BC = radius

Volume of cylinder
r 3

Volume of hemisphere 2 3 =
r
3

, Since h = r

ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited

293682573.doc
-8-

Takes you to places where you belong.

10.The volume of a rectangular solid is to be increased by 50% without altering its

base. To what extent the height of the solid must be changed.
Solution:
Let l, b the sides of the base, so that the area of the base = lb
remains constant.
Let h be the height of the solid.
Volume of the solid, V = l b h.
Since the volume is to be increased by 50%

3V 3lbh

and hence,
2
2
We find that h is to be increased by 50% without changing the
New volume =

base area.
11.What is the ratio between the volumes of a cylinder and cone of the same height
and of the same diameter?

Volume of cylinder
r 2h
3

=
1 2
Volume of cone
r h
1
3
and height are the same for both solids.

=3: 1, since the radius

12. If the base of a pyramid is a square of 6cm side and its slant height is 5cm. Find
its slant surface area.
Solution:
Slant
surface
of
a
pyramid
=
1
2

perimeter of base slant height

1
(4 Side of square base) Slant height
2
1
= 4 6 5 60cm2
2
13. A conical flask is full of water. The flask has base radius r. and height h of
water is poured into a cylindrical flask of base radius m r. Find the height of water in
the flask.
Solution:
Volume of water in the conical flask =

1 2
r h
3

Area of the base of the cylindrical flask of the base radius m r

2 2

= m r

Rise
in
Volume of water
Area of base of cylinder

level

1 2
r h
=3
m2r 2

of

water

in

the

cylinder

h
3m 2
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
293682573.doc
-9-

O Apex
Takes you to places where you belong.

r=a/2
a

14. In a right pyramid, whose base is a square, a maximum cone is placed such that
its base is in the base of the pyramid and vertex at the vertex of the pyramid.
Find the ratio of the volume of pyramid to that of the cone.
Solution:

1
Area of base Height
3

Volume of the pyramid

1
Volume of the cone
Area of base cone Height
3
1
a2h
a
3
=
, since radius of cone =
2
1 a2h

3
4
4
=

15. What part of the volume of a cube is the pyramid whose base is the base of the
cube and whose vertex is the center of the cube?
Solution:

Volume of the cube

a3

a = 6: 1
Volume of the pyramid 1
a2
3
2
a
1
Area of base Height and h=
[Volume of the pyramid =
3
2

h
a
a
h=a/2
ENTRANCEGURU.COM Private Limited
293682573.doc
- 10 -