Exam Review USH B

1. How did Americans and the U.S. government promote the common good during
WWII?
Americans bought a total of 186 billion dollars of war bonds, Celebrities (actors, singers, etc.)
made propaganda songs, movies, and more to swaying Americans into helping on the home
front. Americans grew victory gardens, and held salvage drives to collect scrap metals, fats,
and more things the could help produce the mass materials needed for the war.
The government set up Rationing of foods (only 2 pounds of meat), gas (an A-E system) were
set up.The OPA set price regulations on foods, goods, and pretty much everything sold to
prevent high prices and inflation from happening. The government supported farmers to
produce more food for troops by guaranteeing high prices during the war and two years after,
and FDR put executive order 8802 and 9906 to prevent discrimination of all blacks in war
related factories, and sent Japanese Americans into internment camps.
2. How did WWII affect women, African Americans, and Asian Americans?
Women serviced military aircrafts at basses, as well as flew them from factories to air basses.
Women worked in industrial factories with hard jobs, in which produced many of the war goods.
They were needed when over 10 million men went overseas to fight in the war, and left hard
jobs in factories empty.
The Japanese Americans were removed from their homes after the bombing at Pearl Harbor,
because a lot of anti-Japanese sabotage and riots were trying to target them. This was all due
to their suspicions that the Japanese were going to attack the U.S. again from inside, and all
Japanese-Americans were involved.
African Americans in the United States and on the war front were looked at as minorities and
heavily were discriminated when they moved into northern and western cities after the great
migration. However, they could not receive jobs in the land of the free factories producing goods
for the military. So, African Americans looked at businesses and the government as hypocrites,
because the U.S. troops were fighting for freedom in countries over in Europe.
3. What were the major turning points of WWII and why were they important?
The U.S. used Island hopping: strategy of jumping from island to island with the goal of being
able to strike against Japan itself.
Coral Sea: stopped the Japanese from continuing south towards australia, and dominating the
southern Pacific. Also, they effectively stopped the expansion of the Japanese empire and
knocked enough ships out of commission so that the next battle would be even more of a fair
fight.
Midway : the Japanese wanted Midway, so that they could launch another attack on Pearl
Harbor and rendered it useless to the U.S. Pacific fleet. Also, This battle effectively stopped the
Japanese from ever attacking Pearl Harbor again and crippling the U.S. Pacific fleet.

The U.S. is now offensive and more equal (destroyed 4 aircraft carriers and 100
trained pilots).
4. How did U.S foreign policy change after WWII?
The goal of containment is to keep the Soviet Union (Stalin) under control; by preventing him to
influencing more of Western and Eastern Europe.
5. What were the causes of the Civil rights movement?

A 14 year old boy named Emmett Till from Chicago who went to Money. Mississippi to visit
relatives and was flirting with a cashier at a convenience store, then he was tortured and killed.
Emmett Till's death provided an important catalyst for the American Civil Rights Movement.
6. How did opinions differ on how to achieve civil rights? What methods were most
effective?

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) mainly believed in passive resistance:

practice of achieving goals through protest or non-cooperation. Does not involve breaking the
law. Ex: March on Washington, Freedom riders, etc. While SNCC believed in civil disobedience:
active refusal to obey certain laws without violence. You know you are breaking the law and are
going to get arrested for it, but do it anyway. EX: Sit ins, Rosa Parks, etc. SCLCs methods were
a lot more effective.
7. What are the long-term effects of civil rights movement?
Civil Rights Act: outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or

national origin and ended unequal advantages in public accommodations.

Voting rights act of 1964: outlawed all literacy test, essentially ending all racial
discrimination in voting.
24th amendment outlawed the charging of fees for national voting (poll tax) was
prohibited in voting for federal officials.
8. How did the African American Civil Rights movement influence other civil rights
movements?
After the Civil Rights act was put in place, inequality based on race, sex, age, etc. was illegal, so
all other groups besides African Americans that were receiving unfair treatment are being
illegally discriminated.
9. What were the primary foreign policy goals of the U.S. after WWII?
The primary foreign policy goals were, containment (an idea that the US should do as much as
possible to prevent any country from becoming Communist or joining the Soviet Union. This
caused the US to aid economically in European affairs, and help military to prevent the domino
effect (if one falls to communism, the surrounding countries do also).
10. How can these goals be seen in U.S. actions in Berlin, Korea, Cuba, and
Vietnam?
The United States acted as a world police in some instances, and during the cold war, the U.S.
was focused on the foreign policy of containment. In Berlin the U.S. was blockaded and had to
send supplies by aircraft, in Cuba Fidel Castro took power as a communist and we threatened
them, in Korea and Vietnam the threat of the North country (communist) taking over the south
country (democratic).
11. How did the cold war impact U.S. society?

The fears created a period of period of paranoia and political hysteria. The cold war brought the
fear that communism was spreading and would eventually reach America or the fact there could
be a devastating nuclear war. Americans were falsely and randomly convicted of crimes of
espionage for being a suspected communist. Also, many people in Hollywood were threatened
of being put on a blacklist if they did not give a name of a communist, and many lost their jobs
and were prevented from getting one.
12. How did foreign policy goals change after the Cold War?
When the U.S.S.R collapsed, the United States Containment policy switched from aiming
against Communism to Terrorism.
13. What was the impact of protests against Vietnam War?
The Vietnam War protest really killed all American morale, because day after day people were
being lied to because of the credibility gap and had distrust in the government. Also, the
government was ignoring many domestic issues, and many protesters were college students,
young adults and minorities whom were being drafted for a war they did not know what was
worth fighting for.
14. How was the reliance on oil from other nations influenced by foreign policy?
OPEC Imposed an embargo (ban) on oil to the US, because the U.S. supported Israel in the
Yom Kippur War, therefore U.S. had an oil crisis, in which prices gas prices rose and so did
everything. As the U.S. relied on many Middle east countries for Oil, they also supported Israel
as a foreign policy, although OPEC nations did not approve of Israel. So, there had to be a
balance.