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concentric tubular permanent magnet armatures by the ferromagnetic rings pole pieces, which are disposed between
them, such that the appropriate space harmonic having the
same number of poles as the other permanent magnet armature results. It can be shown2 that the number of pole pairs in
the space harmonic flux density distribution produced by either permanent magnet armature is given by
pm,k = mp + kns,
m = 1,3,5, . . . ,,
k = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , ,
mp
kns
vr +
vs ,
mp + kns
mp + kns
ph = 4
pl = 9
ns = 13
1 mm
90 mm
100 mm
144.4 mm
157.7 mm
97, 10N516-1
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10N516-2
results in the highest asynchronous space harmonic, the number of pole pairs of the other armature must be equal to ns
p. The gear ratio is then given by
Gr =
ns p
p
ns
.
p
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10N516-3
FIG. 7. Variation of system force density with gear ratio for a linear magnetic gear force density of 1.7 MN/ m3.
FIG. 6. Variation of maximum force on low-speed and high-speed
armatures.
the high-speed armature, while Fig. 5 shows the corresponding space harmonic spectrum. It can be seen that the presence of the ferromagnetic rings results in a dominant four
pole-pair asynchronous space harmonic m = 1 , k = 1, which
interacts with the four pole-pair permanent magnets on the
high-speed armature to transmit thrust force.
Figure 6 shows the variation of the maximum thrust
force, which is exerted on the low-speed and high-speed armatures as they move linearly. As can be seen, a force of
1600 N can be transmitted, and given the active dimensions of the gear, a force density of 1.7 MN/ m3 can be
achieved. Figure 7 shows how the system force density of a
combined linear magnetic gear and a linear permanent magnet brushless machine varies with the gear ratio and the force
density of the linear machine, 0.3 and 0.6 MN/ m3 being
typical for naturally cooled and liquid-cooled permanent
magnet linear brushless motors, respectively. As can be seen,
the system force density for a gear ratio as low as 3.25:1 can
be 100% greater than that of a naturally cooled linear motor
and 50% greater than that of a liquid-cooled linear motor.
Therefore, combining a linear magnetic gear with a permanent magnet linear motor results in a system having a significantly higher torque density than the latter.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
A high-performance linear magnetic gear has been presented. It has been shown that, by employing rare-earth magnets, a thrust force density of 1.7 MN/ m3 can be achieved
for the proposed magnetic gear. It has also been shown that a
high system i.e., combined linear magnetic gear and linear
electrical machine force density can be achieved, even with
a relatively low gear ratio.
K. Atallah and D. Howe, IEEE Trans. Magn. 37, 2844 2001.
K. Atallah, S. D. Calverley, and D. Howe, IEE Proc.-Elect. Power Appl.
151, 135 2004.
1
2
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