CHAPTER 20

Network Layer Protocols:

ARP, IPv4, ICMP, IPv6, and
ICMPv6
Review Questions
1. The five protocols in the network layer are IP, IGMP, ICMP, ARP, and
RARP.
3. An ARP request is broadcast because the sender does not know the physical
address of the receiver. An ARP reply is unicast because the sender does
know the physical address of the receiver.
5. The packet in the IP layer is called a datagram.
7. The IP checksum covers only the header because the higher level protocol
already checks the entire packet. Also, the IP header changes with each vis-
ited router (the data does not) and so must be checked.
9. As the packet travels from source to destination, these fields do not change:
identification, version, header length, differentiated services, protocol,
source address, destination address, and options.
11. An ICMP redirection message updates the routing table of a host.
13. An IPv6 unicast address defines a single computer. An IPv6 anycast address
defines a group of computers with addresses that have the same prefix. An
IPv6 multicast address defines a group of computers that may or may not
share the same prefix and may or may not be on the same physical network.
15. The transition strategies are dual stack, tunnelling, and header translation.

Multiple-Choice Questions
17. a
19. d
21. b
23. d
25. d
27. d
29. a

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2 CHAPTER 20 NETWORK LAYER PROTOCOLS: ARP, IPV4, ICMP, IPV6, AND ICMPV6

31. d
33. a
35. b
37. d
39. d
41. d

Exercises
43. The size of an ARP packet is variable, depending on the length of the logical and
physical addresses used.
45. 72 bytes (with required padding). This includes 8 bytes of preamble and SFD.
47. (0110)
49. The datagram must contain 16 bytes of data:
36 byte total length – (5 HLEN field × 4) = 36 – 20 = 16
51. Since the fragmentation offset field shows the offset from the beginning of the
original datagram in multiples of 8 bytes, an offset of 100 indicates that there were
800 bytes of data sent before the data in this fragment.
53. The minimum size of an ICMP packet is 8 bytes (router solicitation packet). The
largest of the ICMP packets is the router advertisement packet with up to 255 list-
ings. The maximum size is then:
255 listings × 8 bytes/listing + 8 bytes for the ICMP header = 2048 bytes
55. ICMP packets have small amounts of data. We can say that the minimum packet
size is controlled by Ethernet rather than ICMP. Therefore, the minimum frame
size is 64 bytes and the maximum frame size is 1518 bytes (see Chapter 14).
57.
a. 2340:1ABC:119A:A000::0
b. 0:AA::119A:A231
c. 2340::119A:A001:0
d. 0:0:0:2340::0
59. The time exceeded message for IPv6 is identical to that of IPv4 except that the
type is now type 3 instead of type11 for IPv4.