Abstract:

Experiment was carried out by observing how the air-conditioning system work. The purpose of this
experiment to study the heating and cooling effects.
Objective(s):
Heating and cooling effects were studied during the experiment. Heating power of the heaters and the
cooling power of the cooling coil were determined throughout the experiment.
Introduction:
Air-conditioning is a widespread feature of building engineering. The main functions of an air-conditioning
system include heating and cooling in order to create the desired indoor air conditions.
Theory:
Heating process: In the pre-heater and re-heater of air-conditioning system, heat is fed to the air. This is
achieved by means of electrical energy. In building engineering, heating water is generally used to heat the
air.
Cooling process: In this air-conditioning system, the air is cooled by a direct evaporator. In large-scale
systems so called cold-water sets are frequently interposed, allowed for indirect cooling.
Psychometric chart: It is used for tracking the changes of state of the air in air-conditioning systems. The
changes of state of the air caused by heating and cooling can be plotted. The psychometric chart shows the
following constants as lines or curves:
- tp
: Relative air humidity in %
- t
: Temperature in C
- h
: enthalpy in kJ/kg
- x
: absolute humidity in kg/kg

Procedure:
For Heating Process
1. Blower was switched on and run at maximum air speed.
2. Pre-heater was switched on
3. Approximate 15 minutes to let the process stabilized. Temperature and relative humidity at the inlet
(AT1, AH1) and (AT2, AH2) of the pre-heater were recorded.
4. Differential pressure reading of the pitot tube.
For Cooling Process:
1. Solenoid valve with Receiver was selected.
2. Expansion Valve (SV3) on Solenoid Valve Selector was selected.
3. Blower was switched on and run at maximum air speed.
4. Condensing unit was switched on
5. Approximate 15 minutes to let the process stabilized. Temperature and relative humidity at the inlet
(AT1. AH1) and outlet (AT2, AH2) of the cooling coil is recorded.
6. Differential pressure reading of the pitot tube is recorded.
7. Refrigerant and temperature (T1, T2, T3, T4) and the pressure and (PI, P2) were recorded.
Calculation:
Orifice Calibration Formula:
Velocity of the air across the orifice:
2 P
v =0.598

Where,
P
= Pressure difference across the orifice (Pa). = Density of air.
The mass flow rate of the air can be obtained: m = V
Where,
M
= Mass flow rate of the air

= Density of air
V
= volumetric flow rate of air
V
=vA
A
= Cross Sectional Area of the orifice

Results:
Heating Process
AT1 (C)
27.2
272
27.2
Cooling Process
P1(kpa) P2(kpa)
861.84
47
882.52
89

227.52
70
234.42
17

AT2(C)
30.6
30.8
31.0

AH1
62.6
63.0
63.7

AH2
53.7
53.1
52.4

T1(
C)
21.3

T2(
C)
35.3

T3(
C)
35.8

T4(
C)
7.4

AT1(
C)
27.6

AH1

21.1

36.2

39.1

8.5

27.9

Density of Air: 1.225kg/m3

Cross Sectional Area of the orifice: 0.02146m2
Process
P(kpa)
Velocity of the air
across the
orifice(m/s)
Heating
310
13.4533
Cooling
310
13.4533

AH2

36.3

AT2(
C)
22.9

36.4

24.2

79.9

78.7

volumetric flow rate

of air(m3/s)

mass flow rate of

the air(kg/s)

0.2887
0.2887

0.3537
0.3537