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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

PROCESS ENGINEERING I

COURSE CODE

CPE591

EXAMINATION

JANUARY 2013

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1.

This question paper consists of five (5) questions.

2.

Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:

iv.

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
a six page Appendix
a graph paper - provided by the Faculty

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 pn'nted pages
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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

QUESTION 1

(P02, C01.C2.C4, C6)

a)

Evaporation is the process by which a liquid solution is converted into vapor phase and
more concentrated product is produced. In this process, the physical and chemical
properties of the solution being concentrated bear greatly on the type of evaporator
used, the pressure and temperature of the process. Explain three (3) types of the
properties affecting the processing methods.
(6 marks)

b)

A feed of 5000 kg/hr of a 10 wt% NaOH in water enters continuously a single effect
evaporator and is being concentrated to a product of 30 wt% solution. The feed enters
into this evaporator with 40 m2 heating area at 288 K. The temperature of the saturated
steam used and the vapor space are 388.15 K and 356.15 K respectively.
i)

Calculate the steam mass flow rate used in kg/h.

(8 marks)

ii)

Calculate the overall heat-transfer coefficient, U.

(3 marks)

iii)

Predict the effect to evaporator heating area if the overall heat-transfer coefficient
is smaller than value calculated in part (ii) above.
(3 marks)

QUESTION 2

(P01.C01.C2.C5)
10,000 kg salt solution with 30% Na 2 C0 3 is fed into a crystallizer at 330 K. The feed then
cooled to 300 K. The salt crystallizes as decahydrate. Calculate the yield of Na 2 C0 3 10H2O
crystals if the solubility is 21.5 kg anhydrous Na2CO3/100 kg of total water with conditions
below:
a)

Assume 5% of total water is evaporated.

b)

Assume no water is evaporated.

(6 marks)
(3 marks)
c)

The solution average heat capacity is 2.90 kJ/kg.K and heat of solutions at 300 K is 12.10 x 103 kJ/kg mol Na2CO310H2O. Calculate the total heat absorbed, assuming
5% of total water is vaporized.
(8 marks)

d)

Suggest an improvement process in order to reduce the amount of heat absorbed in

crystallizer.
(3 marks)

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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

QUESTION 3
a)

Chromatography has found to be an analytical and preparative laboratory technique.

Differentiate the four types of chromatography.
(8 marks)

b) Batch test were performed in the laboratory to determine percentage of phenol in water
adsorbed in activated carbon. The results obtained from this experiment as given in
Table 1.
Table 1 : Equilibrium isotherm data
Concentration in the solid phase,
Concentration in the fluid phase, c
3
q (kg phenol/ kg carbon)
(kg phenol/m solution)
0.150
0.322
0.122
0.117
0.094
0.039
0.059
0.0061
0.045
0.0011
i) Plot graph of q versus c and predict the possible type of isotherm (without plotting
other graph).
(4 marks)
3
3
ii) A waste water solution in 1.5 m tank contains 0.20 kg phenol/m of solution (0.20
g/L). 1.40 kg of granular activated carbon is added into the tank and mixed
thoroughly to reach equilibrium. By using isotherm data in Table 1 and assuming
no solute adsorbed on the activated carbon in inlet stream, determine percentage of
phenol extracted. Material balance on the adsorbate is outlined as Figure 1.

(8 marks)

INLET STREAM

OUTLET STREAM

Wastewater

S(m 3 )
C (kg phenol /
resolution)

Sim }
Cf (kg phenol /
m3)
Adsorbent
M(kg)
q f (kg solution /
kg carbon)

M(kg)
q (kg solution /
kg carbon)

Figure 1 : Material balance on adsorption of phenol in activated carbon.

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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

QUESTION 4
(P01,C01,C2, C4, C6)
a)

Differentiate drying and evaporation process by giving appropriate application for both
processes.
(5 marks)

b)

Air having a dry bulb temperature of 37 C and wet bulb temperature of 25 C is to be

dried by first cooling to 15 C to condense water vapor and then heating to 23C. Using a
Humidity Chart to determine:
i) Initial and percentage humidity.
(3 marks)
ii) Final and percentage humidity.
(3 marks)

c)

An insoluble wet granular material is dried in 0.25 m2 pan. The pan sides and bottom are
insulated. Heat transfer by convection from an air stream flowing at a velocity of 6.5 m/s
parallel to the surface. Air is at 65 C has a humidity of 0.015 kg H20/kg dry air.
Estimate the total rate of drying for constant-rate period.
(9 marks)

QUESTION 5
(P02, C02, C2, C4, C6)
a)

A membrane process is being designed to recover solute A from a dilute solution by

dialysis process where c, = 3.0x10"2 kg mol/m3. Solute A is flowing rapidly past a
membrane of thickness L = 2.5 x10"5 m where c2 = 0.50 x10"2 kg mol/m3 . The
distribution coefficient and diffusivity in the membrane are K' = 1.5 and DAB = 7x10'11 m2/s
respectively. The mass transfer coefficient are kci = 3.5 x 10 s m/s and kc2 = 2.0 x 10"5
m/s.
i) Sketch concentration profiles for the membrane process with two liquid films and a
solid.
(3 marks)
ii) Calculate total resistance of the solution in m/s.
(5 marks)
iii) Calculate the flux at steady state in kg mol A/s.m 2 .
(3 marks)
iv) Determine the area required in m2 if flow rate of solute is 0.02 kg mol/h and rate flux is
increased 5%.
(3 marks)

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b)

EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

Sketch a diagram and explain two (2) types of transport mechanism in membrane
processes.
(6 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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APPENDIX 1

EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

FORMULA LIST

1. i ? c ( ^ ^ ) = ^ ( r - V C ) ( 3 6 0 0 )
n.m
Aw
2. h(W/m2 .K) = 0.024G0 8 , G = 2450 - 29,300*g / h.m2
3. vH (m3I kg dry air) = (2.83xl0"3 + 4.56^10'3 H)T K
4. G = vp
5.

\T

PAX

NA

~
K

cl/

PM/

C
V

^ "

~PM

/RT
8.

1
m3(STP).m
22.414 s.m2C.S:atm

kgmoLm
s.m2C.S:atm

6.

7.

PM

/L
.~

C2/

/RT

1
+

1
+

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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

APPENDIX 2

Saturated waterTemperature table

Specific volume,
m%g
"ferap.,
TX

Sat.
press.,
PstftPa

internal energy,
kJ/kg

Sat.
liquid,

Sat.
vapor,

Sat.
liquid,

"t

0.000
21.019
42.020
62.980
83.913

2374.9
2360.8
2346.6
2332.5
2318.4

2374.9
2381.8
2388,7
2395.5
2402.3

Evap.,

Sat.
vapor,

1Entropy,
kJ/kg-K

Enthalpy,
ki/kg
Sat

Sat.
Sat.
liquid, Evap., vapor,

Sat.
vapor,
hs

St

2500.9
2489.1
24772
2465.4
2453.5

2500,9
2510.1
2519.2
2528,3
2537.4

0.0000
0.0763
0.1511
02245
02965

9.1556
89487
8.7488
85559
8.3696

9.1556
9.0249
88999
87803
8.6661

0.3672
0,4368
0.5051
0.5724
0.6386

81895
8.0152
7.8466
7.6832
7.5247

85567
84520
83517
8.2556
81633

liquid,

Evap.,

h,
0.001
21J020
42,022
62.982
83.915

0.01
5
10
15
20

0.6117
0.8725
12281
1.7057
23392

0.001000
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001002

i
206.00
147.03
10632
77.885
57.762

25
30
35
40
45

3.1698
4.2469
5.6291
73861
9.5953

0.001003
0.001004
0.001006
0.001008
0.001010

43340
32.879
25205
19.515
15251

104.83
125.73
146.63
167.53
18843

23043
22902
2276.0
2261.9
2247.7

2409.1
2415.9
2422.7
2429.4
2436.1

167S3
188.44

2441.7 2546.5
2429.8 2555.6
2417,9 2564.6
2406.0 2573.6
2394,0 2582.4

12.026
9.5639
7.6670
6.1935
5.0396
4.1291
3.4053
2.8261
23593
1.9808

20933
23024
251.16
27ZQ9
293.04

2233.4
2219.1
2204.7
21903
2175.8

2442.7
2449.3
2455.9
2462.4
2468.9

20934
23026
251.18
272.12
293.07

2382.0 2591,3
23693 2600.1
2357.7 2608,8
2345.4 2617.5
2333.0 2626.1

0.7038
0,7680
0.8313
0.8937
0.9551

7.3710
7.2218
7.0769
6.9360
6.7989

&Q748
7.9898
7,9082
7.8296
7.7540

313.99
334.97
355.96
376.97
398.00

21613
2146.6
2131.9
2117.0
2102.0

2475.3
2481.6
2487,8
2494.0
2500.1

314.03
335.02
356.02
377.04
398.09

2320.6 2634.6
2308.0 2643.0
22963 2651.4
2282.5 2659.6
2269.6 2667.6

1-0158
1.0756
1.1346
1.1929
1.2504

6.6655
6.5355
6.4089
6.2853
6.1647

7,6812
7.6111
7,5435
7.4782
7.4151

50
55
60
65
70

12352
15.763
19.947
25.043
31202

0.001012
0.001015
0,001017
0,001020
0.001023

75
80
85
90
96

38.597
47.416
57.868
70.183
34.609

0.001026
0.001029
0.001032
0.001036
0.001040

104.83
125.74
146.64

100
105
110
115
120

101.42
120.90
143.38
169.18
198.67

0.001043
0.001047
0.001052
0,001056
0.001060

1.6720 419.06
1.4186 440.15
12094
46127
1.0360 48242
0.89133 503.60

2087 JO
2071.8
2056.4
2040.9
2025.3

2506.0
2511.9
2517.7
2523.3
2528.9

419.17
44028
461.42
482.59
503.81

2256.4 2675.6
2243.1 2683.4
2229.7 2691.1
2216.0 2698,6
2202.1 2706.0

1.3072
1.3634
1.4188
1.4737
1.5279

6.0470
5.9319
5.8193
5.7092
5.6013

7.3542
7.2952
72382
7.1829
7.1292

125
130
135
140
145

232.23
270.28
313.22
361.53
415.68

0.001065
0,001070
0.001075
0.001080
0.001085

0.77012
0.66808
0.58179
0.50850
0.44600

524.83
546.10
567.41
588.77
610.19

2009.5
1993.4
1977.3
1960.9
1944.2

2534.3
2539.5
2544.7
2549.6
2554.4

525.07
54638
567.75
589.16
610.64

2188.1
2173.7
2159.1
2144.3
2129.2

2713.1
2720.1
2726.9
2733.5
2739.8

1.5816
1.6346
1.6872
1.7392
1.7908

5.4956
5.3919
5.2901
5.1901
5.0919

7.0771
7.0265
6.9773
6.9294
6.8827

150
155
160
165
170

476.16
543.49
618.23
700.93
792.18

0.001091
0.001096
0.001102
0,001108
0.001114

039248
030680
027244
024260

631.66
663.19
674.79
696.46
71820

1927.4
1910.3
1893.0
1875.4
1857.5

2559.1
2563.5
2567.8
2571.9
2575.7

632.18
653.79
675.47
69724
719.08

2113.8 2745.9
2098.0 2751.8
2082.0 2757.5
2065.6 2762,8
2048.8 2767.9

1.8418
1.8924
1.9426
1.9923
2.0417

4.9953
4.9002
4.8066
47143
4.6233

6.8371
6.7927
6.7492
6.7067
6,6650

175
180
185
190
195
200

892.60
1002.8
1123.5
1255.2
1398.8
1554.9

0.001121
0.001127
0.001134
0.001141
0.001149
0.001157

021659
0.19384
0.17390
0.15636
0.14089
0.12721

740,02
761.92
783.91
806.00
828.18
850.46

1839.4
1820.9
1802.1
1783.0
1763.6
1743.7

2579.4
2582.8
2586.0
2589.0
2591.7
2594.2

741.02
763.05
785.19
807.43
829.78
85226

2031.7 2772.7
20142 27772
1996.2 2781.4
1977.9 27853
1959.0 2788.8
1939.8 2792.0

2.0906
2,1392
2.1875
2.2355
2.2831
2.3305

4,5335
4,4448
4.3572
42705
4.1847
4.0997

6,6242
6.5841
6.5447
6.5059
6.4678
6,4302

UnjWiti

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APPENDIX 3

Boiling point of water (C)

25
50
75
100

50

100
150
200
Boiling point of water ( F)

EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

125

250

300

Duhring lines for aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide

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EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

APPENDIX 4

300

250
c
o

c
Q

200
O
C/l

D
1-1

150

X)

100
CO

Xi

'0

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

Concentration (wt fraction NaOH)

Enthalpy-concentration chart for the system NaOH-water.
[Reference state liquid water at 0C(273K) or 32F)

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APPENDIX 5

EH/JAN 2013/CPE591

(xm Aip S^/iodeA iajEM aj|) ff 'A^ipimnn

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EH/JAN 2013/CPE 591

APPENDIX 6

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Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

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