MATHEMATICS

DIGITAL
TEXTBOOK
STANDARD : IX

BINCY ELSA BABY

B .Ed. MATHEMATICS
Reg. No : 18014350006
~1~

CONTENT
REAL NUMBERS
.. 3 - 6
Number line
Distance
Absolute value
PRISMS
. 7 12
Lateral surface area of
prism
Surface area of prism
Volume of prism
Curved surface area of
cylinder
Surface area of cylinder
Volume of cylinder
~2~

CHAPTER 1

REAL NUMBERS
REAL NUMBERS
All rational and irrational numbers
needed to represent all lengths,
together with its negatives and zero
are collectively called Real numbers.
Example: 2 , 5/3 ,2 ,
NUMBER LINE
All real numbers represented as
points on a line is called a Number
line.
.

-6
7

-5

.
-4

.
-3

-2

-1

~3~

Numbers become small when we

move to left and numbers become
large when we move to right from
zero.
If we take two real numbers as x and y
, where x is left from y and y is right
from x , then x < y .
The position of x such that x > 2 on
the number line is,
.
.

-5

-4

.
-3

.
-2

.
-1

.
0

.
3

The position of x such that -1 < x < 3

on the number line is,
.

.
.
-6

.
.
-5
4

.
-4

.
-3

.
-2

DISTANCE

~4~

.
-1

.
0

.
1

Distance between zero and any

positive number on a number line is
that number itself. If the number is
negative, we got the distance by
removing the negative sign.
Example: Distance between 0 and 5 is
5
Distance between 0 and -5
is also 5
Distance between any two numbers on
the number line is the difference
between the smaller from the larger.
Example: Distance between 2 and 5 is
5-2=3
ABSOLUTE VALUE
Distance between zero and a
number on the number line is the
value of the number disregarding its
sign .This value is called the Absolute
value of the number.
~5~

Absolute value of x can be written as

x
Example: 4=4
-4=4
If we consider x as positive number,
x=x
If we consider x as negative number,
x=-x
If we consider x as 0, x=0
That is,

x , if x > 0
x =

x , if x < 0
x , if x = 0

Distance between the numbers x and

y on the number line = x - y
~6~

Example: Distance between 2 and 5,

x - y = 2 - 5 = -3=
3
Distance between -3 and 6,
x - y = -3 - 6 = -9
=9

CHAPTER 2

PRISMS

~7~

Triangular prism
Rectangular prism

LATERAL SURFACE AREA OF A PRISM

The lateral surface area of any
prism is equal to the product of the
base perimeter and height.
Example: The base of a closed
triangular prism has sides 13 , 14 and
15 centimeters long and its height is
20 centimeter. What is its lateral
surface area?

~8~

Lateral surface
perimeter x height

area

base

= (13+14+15)
x 20
= 840 cm
SURFACE AREA OF A PRISM
Surface area of any prism = lateral
surface area
+
twice base area
Example: A solid triangular prism with
equilateral base is 5 centimeters high
and its base perimeter is 12
centimeters. Find its surface area?
Surface area = lateral surface area +
2xbase area
Lateral surface area = base perimeter
x height
= 12 x 5
~9~

= 60 cm
Base area = 3a/4
a = 12/3 = 4
Base area = 3x4x4/4 = 43 cm
Surface area = 60 + 43x2
= 60 + 83 cm
VOLUME OF A PRISM
Volume of any prism is the product
of its base area and height.
Example: The base of a prism is an
equilateral triangle of perimeter 15 cm
and its height is 5 cm. What is its
volume?
Volume of a prism = base area x
height
Base area = 3a/4
= 3x5x5/4 = 10.8 cm
~ 10 ~

Volume = 10.8 x 5 = 54.06 cm

CYLINDERS

CURVED SURFACE AREA OF A

CYLINDER
Curved surface area of a cylinder is
the product of the base perimeter and
height.
Example :A cylindrical vessel is 15 cm
high and its base radius is 5 cm. Find
the curved surface area?
~ 11 ~

Curved surface area = base

perimeter x height
= 2r x 5
= 10 x 15
= 150 cm
SURFACE AREA OF A CYLINDER
Surface area of a cylinder = curved
surface area
+
twice base area
Example: A cylindrical vessel is 10 cm
high and its base radius is 7 cm. Find
the surface area of the vessel?
Surface area of a cylinder = curved
surface area
+2
x base area
Curved surface area = 150 cm
~ 12 ~

Base area = 49 cm
Surface area = 150 + 2 x 49
= 248 cm

VOLUME OF A CYLINDER
Volume of a cylinder is the product of
its base area and height.
Example: A cylindrical vessel is 15 cm
high and its base radius is 10 cm. Find
its volume?
Volume = base area x height
Base area = x 10
= 100 cm
Volume = 100 x 15
= 1500 cm

~ 13 ~

~ 14 ~