Professional Documents
Culture Documents
-2 system, 63-9
n system, 63-9
100%
rated circuit breaker, 72-9
capacity and 100% head, 67-8
2-inch rule, 41-22
2,4-D, 68-18
2:1 ellipsoidal head, 55-5
20 kHz response, 73-6
3-2-1-0 system, 63-9
300 series stainless chains, 59-17
50 Stokes, number, 66-13
80%
rated circuit breaker, 72-9
rule, 72-9
A
Abatement, sound, 73-11
Abbreviations, sprinkler, 67-7
Ablation, 34-2 (ftn)
Above-ground storage tank, 69-1
Abrasive, 47-18, 65-5
cleaning, 65-13
grit size, 65-5 (tbl)
machining, 65-5
type, 65-5 (tbl)
ABS pipe, 16-9
Abscissa, 7-2
Absolute
acceleration, 57-10
convergence, 3-13
efficiency, 66-14
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
English system, 1-4
entropy, 23-6
overall, 66-14
position, 57-10
pressure, 14-2
temperature, 23-4
temperature scale, 23-4, 23-5
velocity, 57-10
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Absorbent, 33-8
dehumidification, 38-12
Absorber, 33-8
acoustic, 73-9
plate, 31-2
Absorbing state, 63-35
Absorptance, 31-2
Absorption
coefficient, 20-9
coefficient, sound, 73-9
cycle, 33-7
dry, 71-20
dynamometer, 64-13
factor, 71-24
gas, 71-2
heat (boiler), 26-4
instantaneous heat, 43-2
process, 71-2
surface, 73-10
Abundance, relative, 20-2
AC machine, 72-12
Accelerated
Cost Recovery System, 74-22
depreciation method, 74-22
Acceleration
absolute, 57-10
angular, 57-7
centripetal, 15-19 (ftn)
Coriolis, 57-8, 57-9
fluid mass, 15-19
head, 18-2, 18-3
instantaneous center of, 57-14
linear, 57-4
normal component, 57-8
of gravity, 1-2
relative, 57-10
resultant, 57-8, 57-14
second, 59-12
tangential, 57-8
uniform, 57-3
uniform, formulas, 57-4 (tbl)
Accelerometer, 60-21
Acceptance, 75-3
plan, 63-25
quality level, 63-26
Acceptor wall, 28-13
Accident, loss of coolant, 30-2
Accidental
infiltration, 40-5
release, gas, 25-15
Account
accumulated depreciation, 74-23 (ftn)
equipment, 74-23 (ftn)
Accounting, 74-36
convention, 74-34 (ftn)
equation, 74-33
principle, standard, 74-34 (ftn)
Accreditation Board for Engineering and
Technology, 76-1 (ftn)
Accrual system, 74-34
Accumulation, 8-7
pressure, 55-21
Accumulator (see also type), 17-39, 19-6
hydro-pneumatic, 19-6, 19-7
mechanical spring-loaded, 19-6
sizing, 19-7 (tbl)
weight-loaded, 19-6
Accuracy, 63-16 (ftn), 64-1
experiment, 11-11
Acetylene gas, 65-11
ACFM, 41-2
ACH50, 43-4
Acid, 20-12
carbonic, 20-20, 20-23, 71-25 (ftn)
constant, 20-15
gas, 68-4
hydrochloric, 68-4
polyprotic, 20-16
rain, 68-5
-test ratio, 74-35
-vapor dew point, 29-8 (ftn)
Acidity, 20-20
Acme thread, 59-2
Acoustic
absorber, 73-9
barrier, 73-10
emission testing, 48-12
holography, 48-13
impedance, 73-6
impedance, specific, 73-6
mass law, 73-11
ohm, 73-6
velocity, 14-14, 73-5
Across-variable, 61-3
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 16-9 (ftn)
pipe, 67-4
Act, fraudulent, 75-6
Actinide, 20-2
Actinon, 20-2
Action
capillary, 14-12
chimney, 21-17
error in, 54-15
galvanic, 20-18
level, noise, OSHA, 73-12
limit, 63-23
line of, 5-1, 45-2, 54-11
line of, length, 54-11
pop, 16-12
proportional, 44-5
shear force of, 53-17
space, 63-34
tort, 75-6
Activated
carbon, 71-3
charcoal, 71-3
Active
base, isolation, 60-15
coil, 54-5
element, 61-2
lateral earth pressure, coefficient of, 66-7
solar system, 31-2
system, 62-11
wire length, 54-6
Activity, 23-10, 63-3
and fugacity, 23-10
-on-branch, 63-5
-on-node, 63-4
Actual
cubic feet per minute, 41-2
filtering velocity, 71-6
work, pump, 26-7
Actuating signal ratio, 62-4
Actuator, 44-1
linear, 19-8
pneumatic, 44-1
rotary, 19-8 (ftn)
Acute angle, 6-1
Added head, pump, 17-15
Addendum, 54-10
Addition
associative law, 4-4
commutative law, 4-4
of vectors, 5-3
polymerization, 47-15
Additive, congruential method, 63-32
Adhesion, 14-12 (ftn)
Adhesive
bonding, 65-13
ceramic, 65-13 (ftn)
type, 65-13
Adiabatic, 16-2 (ftn)
air washer, 38-10
chip temperature, 65-4
compressibility, 14-13
compression, 15-13
compression efficiency, 32-2
efficiency, 26-9 (ftn)
efficiency, turbine, 26-9
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - A
Index
I-2
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - A
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
signal, 9-8
spectrum, 9-8
Andrades equation, 48-16
Anechoic room, 73-6
Anemometer, 17-27
hot-wire, 17-27
Angle
acute, 6-1
adjacent, 6-1
adjacent side, 6-2
between figures, 7-8
between lines, 6-1
clearance, 65-2
complementary, 6-2
cone, 54-21
contact, 14-12, 54-19
convergent, 25-5
deviation, 25-12
direction, 5-2, 7-5
face, 6-6
factor, 37-2
function of, 6-2
helix, 54-12
helix thread, 53-14
helix, worm, 54-16
hypotenuse, 6-2
incident, 73-4
internal friction, 48-8, 58-6
lead, 59-2
lead, bolt, 53-14
lead, worm, 54-16
lift value, 16-12
Mach, 25-11 (ftn)
normal pressure, 54-12
obtuse, 6-1
of depression, 6-2
of elevation, 6-2
of internal friction, 66-5
of intersection, 7-8
of kinematic friction, 66-7
of natural friction, 66-5
of natural slope, 66-5
of nip, 66-9
of obliquity, 54-11
of repose, 58-6, 66-5
of static friction, 58-6
opposite side, 6-2
pitch, 54-15
plane, 6-1
power, 72-7
pressure, 54-11
pressure, cam, 59-12
pressure, gear, 54-12
rake, 65-2
rebound, 58-17
reflection, 73-4
reflex, 6-1
related, 6-1
relief, 65-2
right, 6-1
rupture, 48-8
semivertex, 25-12
shear, 65-2
shock, 25-11
solid, 6-6
stall, 17-40
straight, 6-1
supplementary, 6-1
tangential pressure, 54-12
thread, 59-2
trihedral, 6-6
twist, 48-8, 53-14
type (see also by name), 6-2
valve, 16-12
vertex, 6-1
vertical, 6-2
wedge, 65-2
yaw, 17-28
Angstrom, A-1, A-2
Angular
acceleration, 57-7
frequency, 60-3, 72-5
impulse, 58-14
I-3
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - A
I N D E X
I-4
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - B
Architect, 75-4
Arctic, 68-17
Area, A-7, A-147
between two curves, 9-4
by integration, 9-4
centroid of an, 50-1
changing duct, 25-4
conversion, SI, A-3
core, 41-30
critical, 25-5
daylight, 41-30
-density method, 67-11
effective, 41-30
first moment, 46-5
first moment of, 50-2
free, 41-30
frontal, 17-41
gross, 41-30
gross filtering, 71-5
interfacial, 71-24
irregular, 7-1 (fig)
law of, 58-20
logarithmic mean, 34-9
maximum sprinkler protection, 67-11
mensuration, A-7
moment of inertia, 50-3, A-147
net filtering, 71-5
profile, 34-19
protection, 67-10
reduction in, 48-6
sabin, 73-10
second moment of, 50-4
specific, 70-6
specific collection, 71-9
specific surface, 70-6
transformation method, 51-19
under standard normal curve, A-12
unreinforced and reinforced
opening, 55-16 (tbl)
Areal, 1-8
density, 1-8
dust density, 71-5
measurements, 1-8
velocity, 58-20
Argon-oxygen-decarburization, 47-2 (ftn)
Argument, 3-7, 3-8
Arithmetic
growth rate, 3-11
mean, 11-12
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
Arm, 59-6
carrier, 59-6
moment, 45-3
Aromatic
hydrocarbon, 21-2
liquid, 14-10 (ftn)
Arrangement factor, 37-2, 37-3
Array, 4-1 (ftn), 31-4
Arrest, thermal, 49-2
Arrestance, 41-23
Arresting high-efficiency particulate, 40-11
Artificial
abrasive, 47-18
aging, 49-9
expense, 74-20
As fired, 21-3
Asbestos, 68-5
brake lining, 54-18
-cement pipe, 16-9
Asbestosis, 68-5
ASCE, 76-1
Ash, 21-3
air heater, 21-3
bottom, 21-3, 68-5
coal, 21-3
combined, 68-5
economizer, 21-3
fly, 21-3
pit, 21-3
refractory, 21-3
ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 55-2
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Auxiliary
-air hood, 40-9
elevation, 2-2
equation, 10-1
view, 2-2
Availability, 24-12, 63-9
function, steady-flow, 24-12
Available
draft, 21-17
hydrogen, 21-3, 21-14
method, 68-20
power, fluid, 19-8, 19-9
Average
annual growth rate, 3-11
change, 11-16
cost, 74-38
cost, weighted, 74-31
decrease, 11-16
end area method, 66-5
heating load, 42-1
increase, 11-16
laminar turbulent, 36-4
outgoing quality limit, 63-26
power, 72-7
pressure, 15-7
run length, 63-23
speed of a molecule, 23-17
time-weighted, 40-10, 73-2
value, 74-30
value, by integration, 9-4
value, sinusoid, 72-5
velocity, 16-8
Avogadros
hypothesis, 20-5
law, 20-5, 23-14
number, 20-5
AWWA standards, pipe, 16-10
Axes, principal, 56-2
Axial
-centrifugal compressor, 32-1
exhaust, 29-1
-flow compressor, 32-1
-flow fan, 41-4
-flow impeller, 18-4, 66-18
-flow turbine, 18-23
force, helical gear, 54-13
loading, 51-12
member, 45-11
member, pin-connected, 45-12
pitch, 54-13
strain, 48-4
Axially locked joint, 55-17
Axis
bending, 53-17
conjugate, 7-11
major, 7-11
minor, 7-11
neutral, 51-11
oblique, 2-2
of rotation, 58-2
parabolic, 7-10
principal, 50-8
rotation, 50-7
torsional, 53-17
transverse, 7-11
Axonometric view, 2-3
B
Babcock formula, 17-10
BAC-CAB identity, 5-5
Back
corona, 71-9
pressure, 25-12, 26-12
pressure, critical, 19-10
pressure ratio, critical, 25-13
pressure turbine, 26-8
work ratio, 29-5
Backfitting, 26-17
Backflushing, thermal, 26-13
Background noise, 73-4
Backing strip, 55-9
Backlash, 54-11
Basis
daily compounding, 74-28
depreciation, 74-20
hydrostatic design, 67-4
unadjusted, 74-21
Bathtub distribution, 11-9
Battery, 31-10 (tbl)
Baume scale, 14-5
Bauxite, 47-11
Bayer process, 47-11
Bayes
principle, 63-34
theorem, 11-4
BC
carbon dioxide extinguisher, 67-20
dry chemical extinguisher, 67-20
BDC (bottom-dead-center), 32-3 (ftn)
Bead, cracking, weld, 47-9
Beam (see also type)
-column, 51-12
conjugate, 51-15, 51-16
continuous, 46-1, 46-5
curved, 51-20
deflection, 51-13, 51-14, 51-15, 51-17,
A-148, A-149, A-150, A-151
deflection, elastic, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
determinate types, 45-8
equation, A-148, A-149, A-150, A-151
fixed-end, 46-1, 46-7
indeterminate, 46-1
propped cantilever, 46-1
shear stress, 51-10
Bearing, 53-11
anti-friction, 54-22
attitude, 54-25
ball, 54-22
caged, 54-22
characteristic number, 54-26
Conrad, 54-22
equivalent radial load, 54-23
friction, 54-22
journal, 54-22, 54-25
journal, Raimondi and Boyd, 54-26
life, 54-23
life rating, 54-23
load, equivalent dynamic, 54-23
load rating, 54-23
needle, 54-22
plane, 54-22
plane friction, 54-22
race, 54-22
roller, 54-22
self-aligning, 54-22
SKF, 54-22
stiffener, 51-19
strength, 54-13
test, three-edge, 16-11
thrust, 54-23
Wingquist, 54-22
Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state, 23-20
Bed
adsorbent, 38-12
chemically active, 71-11
moisture level, 21-3
residence time, 71-7
sand filter, 68-20
Behavior
science, 63-28, 63-29
theory, 63-29
Bell-shaped curve, 11-6
Bellows, 19-11
Belt
conveyor, 66-10
drive, 54-16
drive, flat, 54-16
elevator, 66-11
feeder, 66-8
flat, 54-16
friction, 58-7
power transmission, 54-17
serpentine, 54-17
synchronous, 54-17
I-5
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - B
I N D E X
I-6
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - B
Biot
modulus, 34-5
number, 1-9 (tbl), 34-5
Bioventing, 71-7
Biphenyl, polychlorinated, 68-17
Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot model, 25-15
Birmingham wire gage tubing, A-132, A-133
Bisection method, 3-4, 13-1
bracket, 13-1
Bit, 12-1
least significant, 12-1
most significant, 12-1
overflow, 12-4
Bituminous
coal, 21-4
coating, pipe, 16-11
Black
body, 37-1
body shape factor, 37-2, 37-4 (fig)
pipe, 16-10
steel pipe, 16-10, 67-3
Blade
jet force on, 17-35
pitch, circular, 18-4
pitch control, 41-7
Blanking, 65-7
Blasius
equation, 17-5
solution, 36-4
Blast
furnace, 47-2
-furnace gas, 21-8 (ftn)
gate, 41-24 (ftn)
governing, 26-17
Bleed, 26-8
air, 29-2
fraction, 26-15
-off, 39-3
rate, 26-8
steam, 26-8
BLEVE, 26-5
Block
and tackle, 45-11
brake, 54-19, 54-20 (fig)
cascaded, 62-5
diagram, 62-5
Bloom, wrought iron, 47-11 (ftn)
Blow, 41-30
-down, 68-8
molding, 65-10
-tank system, 66-9
Blowdown, 20-22, 26-5, 39-3
Blower, 32-1
-coil unit, 41-3
compressor, 32-1
door, 43-4
horsepower, 41-6
power, 41-6
Blowing
agent, 33-2
whistle-, 76-3 (ftn)
Blowoff, 26-5
flame, 26-3
Blowout gasket, 55-18
Blue
center steel, 53-21, 66-2
embrittlement, 49-9
Board
foot, 1-8
hammer, 65-7
of directors, 75-2
Boardman formula, 19-4
Bode plot, 62-11
Body
black, 37-1
black, shape factor, 37-4 (fig)
-centered tetragonal structure, 49-7 (ftn)
gray, 37-1, 37-3
gray, shape factor, 37-3
real, 37-1
rigid, 57-1
rotating, 59-3 (fig)
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Boiler, 26-4
and Pressure Vessel Code, 55-2 (tbl)
Benson, 26-4
bent-tube, 26-4
circulating fluidized-bed, 71-11
controlled-circulation, 26-4
cross-coupled, 26-5
cross-drum, 26-4
efficiency, 21-16, 26-4
feedwater characteristics, 20-22
feedwater quality, 20-23
fire-tube, 26-4 (ftn)
fluidized-bed, 71-11
-follow, 26-17
-follow mode, 26-17
horsepower, 21-17, 26-4
natural-circulation, 26-4
once-through, 26-1, 26-4
straight-tube, 26-4
supercritical-pressure, 26-4
supplementary, 29-11
throttle valve, 26-17
ultrasupercritical, 26-4
waste-heat, 29-8
water-tube, 26-4
Boilerplate clause, 75-4
Boiling, 14-10
film, 35-11
liquid-expanding vapor explosion, 26-5
nucleate, 35-11
point, 67-20 (ftn)
-point margin, 68-10
pool, 35-11
water reactor, 30-2
water, film coefficient, 35-4
Bolt, 53-9
cold heading, 65-7
dimension, 53-11
family, 53-9
grade, 53-9
grade and type, 53-10
marking, 53-10
preload, 53-12
sizing, 65-7
standards, 53-9
strength, pressure vessel, 55-18
thread, 53-9
torque, 53-13
torque factor, 53-13
Bolted joint, 55-17
Boltzmann
constant, 23-17
-Maxwell distribution, 23-17
Stefan-, constant, 37-2
Stefan-, law, 37-2
BOM, 68-22
Bomb calorimeter, 21-14
Bond, 74-29
fully amortized, 74-29 (ftn)
yield, 74-30
Bonded strain gauge, 64-8 (ftn)
Bonding
adhesive, 65-13
explosive, 65-11
Bonus, 63-20
depreciation, 74-23
factor, 63-20, 63-21
Book value, 74-23
of stock, per share, 74-36
Bookkeeping, 74-33
double-entry, 74-33
Boolean relay logic, 44-6
Boom, sonic, 14-15
Boost fan, 21-17
Booster, 32-2
humidification, 40-7
pressure, 32-2
Boosting-power, 29-2
Bore, 28-2
Boron diffusion, 49-10
Bottleneck, 63-19
Bottom
ash, 21-3, 68-5
-dead-center, 28-2, 32-3 (ftn)
Bottoming cycle, 29-9
Bound
lower, 9-4
upper, 9-4
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Boundary
irregular, 7-1
layer, 16-8 (ftn), 36-2, 36-3
layer theory, 17-44
system, 24-1
value, 10-1 (ftn)
Bourdon pressure gauge, 15-2
Box
black, two-port, 61-1
closed, 53-15
dual duct, variable air volume
(VAV), 41-13
terminal, variable air volume
(VAV), 41-3
variable air volume (VAV), 41-3
Boyles law, 24-7
Braced column, 53-3
Bracket
bisection method, 13-1
income, 74-25
tax, 74-25
Brake, 54-18, 65-6
and brake material, 54-18
and clutches, general limits on energy
dissipation rates, 54-19 (tbl)
band, 54-20 (fig)
block, 54-19, 54-20 (fig)
dynamometer, 64-13
energy dissipation, 54-18
external shoe, 54-19
fan, 64-13
friction, 64-13
horsepower, 28-3, 28-4, 28-8, 41-6
horsepower, pump, 18-9
kilowatt, 28-4, 41-6
lining, 54-18
material properties, 54-19 (tbl)
mean effective pressure, 28-3, 28-8
pad, 54-18
power, fan, 41-6
products, chrysotile asbestos, 54-18
prony, 28-3, 64-13
properties, 28-3
pump power, 18-9
self-energizing, 54-18
self-locking, 54-18
shoe, 54-19
specific fuel consumption, 28-3
torque, 28-3
value, 28-3
water, 64-13
work, 26-9 (ftn), 32-4
Braking
hydraulic, 54-18 (ftn)
hydraulically actuated, 54-18 (ftn)
moment, 54-20
torque, 54-20
Brale indentor, 48-13
Branch
line, 67-7
loss coefficient, 41-20
pipe, 17-21
pressure, hydraulic, 67-14
takeoff, 41-19
Branching polymer, 47-16 (fig)
Brass, 47-12 (ftn)
pipe, 16-9
tubing dimensions, A-46
Brayton cycle, 29-3, 29-6, 29-7
cooling, 33-6
gas turbine, 29-3
intercooling, 29-7
regeneration, 29-7
reheating, 29-7
Brazing, 65-12
Breach
material, 75-6
of contract, 75-6
Break-even
point, 74-38
quality, 74-38 (fig)
Breakaway point, 62-12
Breaker
80% rated circuit, 72-9
100% rated circuit, 72-9
chip-, 65-1, 65-2
circuit, 72-8
standard circuit, 72-9
Breaking
pressure, 55-20
strength, 48-3
Breakpoint, 71-3
Breakthrough, 71-3
Breathing zone outdoor air, 40-2
Breeder reactor, 30-1 (ftn)
Breeze, 21-5
Brickwork, 26-4
Bridge
constant, 64-11
deck, 46-12
deflection, 64-9 (ftn)
differential series balance, 64-9 (ftn)
differential shunt balance, 64-9 (ftn)
full, 64-11
half-, 64-11
null-indicating, 64-9 (ftn)
shunt balance, 64-9 (ftn)
truss, 45-12
Wheatstone, 64-9
zero-indicating, 64-9 (ftn)
Bridging, 66-6
Brightness, 73-2, 73-3
Brinell hardness
number, 48-13
test, 48-13
Briquetting, 66-9
bulk solids, 66-9
British thermal unit, 22-1, 23-5, A-1, A-2
SI conversion, A-3
Brittle
failure, 48-14
fracture, 55-7
material, 48-1, 52-1, 52-2
Brix scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Broad band, 73-7
sound, 73-8
Bromley equation, 35-11
Bronze, 47-12 (ftn)
admiralty, 47-12
government, 47-12
Brownian movement, 23-17
Btu, 22-1, A-1, A-2
Btuh unit, 34-6 (ftn)
Bubbling bed combustor, 71-10
Bucket
elevator, 66-11
inverted, steam trap, 16-14
Buckingham
equation, 54-15 (ftn)
pi-theorem, 1-10
Buckling, 53-2
beam, 51-18
of helical compression spring, 54-7
spring, 54-7 (tbl)
Buffer, 20-12
Buffing, 65-14
Buick, MacPherson v., 75-7 (ftn)
Building
designer, 75-4
fabric, 43-4 (ftn)
infilitration in tall, 40-6
leakage curve, 43-4
-related illness, 68-5
Buildup, carbon dioxide, 40-7
Built
-in end, 46-7
-up edge, 65-2
Bulk
modulus, 14-14, 73-5
modulus, hydraulic fluid, 19-10
modulus, water, 14-14
solids, 66-7
solids, briquetting, 66-9
storage pile, 66-5
temperature, 34-6, 35-4, 36-3
velocity, 16-8
Bundle, rotation, pipe, 71-19
Bunker C oil, 21-6
Buoyancy, 15-14
center, 15-16
pipelines, 15-16
theorem, 15-14
Buoyant force, 15-14
Burden, 74-36
Burn mass, 71-14
Burner
low excess-air, 71-17
low NOx, 29-2, 71-17
staged-air, 71-22
ultralow NOx, 71-17
Burning
pile, 26-3
rate, MSW, 71-15
suspension, 26-3
Burnishing, 65-14
Burnout velocity, 58-19
Burst
disk, 55-20
pressure, 19-4, 19-5, 55-20
velocity, 59-4
Bus
power, 44-6
tie, 44-6
Bushing, 54-22
Business property, 74-20 (ftn)
Butt welding, 65-13 (fig)
Butterfly valve, 16-12, 17-13 (tbl)
indicating, 67-5
Button, cell, 31-10
BWG tubing, A-132, A-133
dimensions, A-47
By-product, disinfection, 68-21
Byers-Aston process, 47-10
Bypass
air hood, 40-9
factor, 38-7, 43-7
governing, 26-17
recirculating air, 43-6 (fig)
C
c-chart, 11-16, 63-22
C
-Bourdon gauge, 15-2
corporation, 75-3
-D nozzle, 25-5
Cabinet projection, 2-3
Cable, 45-19
aircraft, 66-3
catenary, 45-19
distributed load, 45-18
hoisting, 53-21, 66-2
ideal, 45-16
parabolic, 45-17
tension, 58-13
CaCO3 equivalents, 20-20, A-59, A-60
Cadmium
selenide, 64-5
sulfide, 64-5
Cage ball bearing, 54-22
Caged bearing, 54-22
Cal sil, 34-10
Calcium carbonate equivalents, A-59, A-60
Calculus, fundamental theorem of, 9-4
Calibration, 64-2, 64-7
constants, thermocouple, A-160
single-point, 64-2
Caliper, 70-4, 70-5
maximum, 70-4, 70-5
Callendar-Van Dusen equation, 64-5
I-7
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - C
I N D E X
I-8
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - C
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Cell
alkaline fuel, 31-8
bending beam load, 64-12
fuel, 31-7
height, 68-14
landfill, 68-14 (fig)
molten carbonate fuel, 31-8
phosphoric acid fuel, 31-8
photovoltaic, 31-4, 64-4
PV, 31-4
shear beam load, 64-13
solar, 31-4
solid oxide fuel, 31-8
solid polymer fuel, 31-8
structural, 45-12
triple junction solar, 31-4
Cellular fill, 39-1 (ftn)
Celsius, 23-4 (ftn)
CEM, 70-2
Cement, asbestos, pipe, 16-9
Cementation, 49-10
Cemented carbide, 47-18
Cementite, 49-5
Center, 7-2
distance, 54-11
instant, 57-13
instantaneous, 57-13
of buoyancy, 15-16
of force, 58-19, 58-20
of gravity, 9-6, 56-1
of mass, 56-1
of pressure, 15-4, 15-9, 45-5
of pressure, shapes, 15-9 (fig)
of twist, 53-17
of vision, 2-3
-radius form, 7-9, 7-10
shear, 53-17
torsional, 53-17
Centerless grinding, 65-5
Centerline
radius, 41-19
velocity, 16-8
Centigrade, 23-4 (ftn)
Centipoise, 14-7
Centistoke, 14-8
conversion, 19-2 (ftn)
Central
force field, 58-19
impact, 58-18
limit theorem, 11-14
receiver system, 31-3
system, 26-3
tendency, 11-12
view, 2-1
Centrifugal
air sampler, 70-3
casting, 65-9
compressor, 32-1
fan, 41-6
force, 58-4
forward-curved, 41-6
pump, 18-2, 18-4
Centrifuge
aerosol, 70-3
sigma factor, 70-4
Centrifuging, 65-9
Centripetal
acceleration, 15-19 (ftn)
force, 58-4
Centroid, 9-6, 50-1, A-147
of a line, 50-3
of an area, 50-1
of a volume, 56-1
weld group, A-153
Centroidal
mass moment of inertia, 56-2
moment of inertia, 50-3, 50-4
Ceramic, 47-18, 47-19 (tbl)
adhesive, 65-13 (ftn)
properties, 47-19
structural designation, 47-19 (tbl)
tool, 65-4
toughened, 47-18
Cermet, 47-20
Cetane number, 21-7
CFC, 33-2
cgs system, 1-4
Chain
300 series, 59-17
closed joint conveyor, 59-15
drive, 59-15
drive ratio, 59-16
drive, design power, 59-17
drive, ratio, 59-16
drive, service factor, 59-17
drive, service life, 59-17
drive, sprocket size factor, 59-17
drive, temperature factor, 59-18
drive, velocity variation, 59-17
duplex, 59-17
engineering steel link, 59-15, 59-16 (fig)
Ewart link, 59-15
Markov, 63-34
offset link, 59-15
offset sidebar, 59-15
pitch, 59-16
quadplex, 59-17
roller, 59-15 (fig)
roller, standard, properties, 59-15 (tbl)
siamesed, 59-15
simplex, 59-17
strand, 59-17
timing, 54-17
triplex, 59-17
velocity, 59-16
Chainring, 59-16
Chainwheel, 59-16
Challenger, 74-18
Chamber
checker, 47-4
filter, 68-19
flash, 26-14 (ftn)
precombustion, 28-3
property, 25-2
retard, 67-5
spray, 38-10 (ftn)
surge, 17-39, 18-24
Change
allotropic, 49-4
average, 11-16
in properties, temperature, 23-12
method, air, 40-2
rate, air, 43-4
Changing duct area, 25-4
and isentropic flow, 25-4 (tbl)
Channeling, 71-23
Chaos theory, 64-2 (ftn)
Chaotic error, 64-2
Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, 63-34
Char, 21-5
Characteristic
curve, compressor, 32-8
curve, fan, 41-8
curve, system, 41-8
dimension, 16-6, 34-4
equation, 4-8, 10-1, 59-9, 62-4, 62-12
exhaust velocity, 25-9
gain, 62-10
impedance, 19-12, 73-6
length, 25-9, 34-4, 35-2 (ftn), 36-8 (ftn)
length, space, 41-30
log, 3-5
phase, 62-10, 62-11
polynomial, 4-8
specific feed, 71-12
time, pipeline, 19-12
value, 4-8
vector, 4-8
velocity, cyclone, 66-13
wave celerity, 19-12 (ftn)
Characteristics
pump, 18-2, 18-12
sprinkler, 67-9
sprinkler discharge, 67-10
valves, 16-13
Charcoal, activated, 71-3
Charge
electric, 72-2
number, 20-4 (tbl), 20-5
Charles law, 24-7
Charpy test, 48-15
Chart (see also type), 63-22
c-, 11-16
control, 63-22
Cox, 14-10
generalized compressibility, 23-20
Heisler, 34-14
Moody friction factor, 17-6
p-, 11-16
position-correction, 34-15 (ftn)
pressure-enthalpy, 23-12
psychrometric, 38-4
R-control, 11-16
sigma, 11-16
temperature-time, 34-14
Chauffage, 49-4 (ftn)
Check
the box taxation, 75-3 (ftn)
valve, 16-12
valve, alarm, 67-5
Checker chamber, 47-4
Chelant, 20-24, 71-22 (ftn)
Chelate, 71-22 (ftn)
Chelating agent, 71-22
Chem-milling, 65-6
Chemical
atomic weight, 20-2
dehumidification, 38-12
dehydration, 38-12
equations, balancing, 20-7
equilibrium, 20-12
formula, 20-5
loading, 71-25
milling, 65-6
reaction, 20-7
scrubbing, 71-20
Chemically active bed, 71-11
Chi-squared
degrees of freedom, 11-7, 11-8
distribution, 11-7, A-13
statistic, 11-8
Chiller, 33-2, 33-9, 43-2
Chimney
action, 21-17
draft, 21-17
effect, 40-6
gravity, 21-17 (ftn)
Chip
adiabatic, temperature, 65-4
-breaker groove, 65-1, 65-2
formation, 65-1
forming, 65-1
temperature, 65-4
thickness ratio, 65-2
type, 65-1
velocity, 65-2
Chipless machining, 65-5
Chlordane, 68-17
Chloride stress corrosion cracking, 47-9
Chlorinated
pesticide, 68-17
polyvinyl chloride (CPVC)
pipe, 67-4, A-36
Chlorination, 68-8
Chlorine, 26-13, 68-8
in pesticide, 68-17
total residual, 68-8
Chlorofluorocarbon, 68-7, 68-8
refrigerants, 33-2
Chlorothalonil, 68-18
Chlorpyrifos, 68-18
Choke, 32-8
point, 32-8
Choked flow, 19-10, 25-4
models, 25-15
Chord, 17-40, 45-12
length, 17-40
Chordal velocity variation, 59-17
Chrysotile asbestos brake lining, 54-18
Churn, 18-16
pump, 67-8
Circle, 7-9, A-7
base, 54-10, 59-12
clearance, 54-10
degenerate, 7-10
diameter, enclosing, 70-4
equivalent diameter, 70-4
formula, A-7
Mohrs, 50-8, 51-7
pitch, 54-10
segment, A-7
unit, 6-1
Circuit
breaker, sizing, 72-8
potentiometer, 64-3 (ftn)
Circular
blade pitch, 18-4
fin, 34-20
mil, 72-2, A-3
motion, 57-7
permutation, 5-5
pipe ratios, A-28
pipes, hydraulic element, A-28
pitch, 54-10, 54-12, 54-13
shaft, design, 53-14
transcendental function, 6-2
Circularity, 70-5
Circulating
closed-loop system, 67-7
fluidized-bed boiler, 71-11
Circulation, 8-7, 17-40
ratio, 29-8
Circumferential
strain, 53-6
stress, 53-4
Cis
form, 3-8
mer, 47-16
Civil
complaint, 75-6
tort, 75-6 (ftn)
Cladding, 65-11
Clash allowance, 54-6
Class
asset, 74-20
combustible liquid, 67-20
I liquid, 67-20
I standpipe system, 67-5
IA liquid, 67-20
IB liquid, 67-20
IC liquid, 67-20
II liquid, 67-20
II standpipe system, 67-5
III liquid, 67-20
III standpipe system, 67-5
IIIA liquid, 67-20
IIIB liquid, 67-21
leakage, 41-22
limit, 11-10
pipe, 16-10
pressure, pipe, 67-4
property, bolt, 53-10
seal, 41-22
sound transmission, 73-10
Classical adjoint, 4-5
Classification, air, 66-15
Classifier, air, 66-15
Claude cycle, 31-6 (ftn)
Clause, boilerplate, 75-4
Clausius
-Clapeyron equation, 14-10 (ftn)
equation of state, 23-20
Clay pipe, vitrified, 16-9
Clean
Air Act, 33-2
coal technology, 21-5
room, 40-11
room technology, 40-11
Cleaning
abrasive, 65-13
coal, 21-5
Cleanliness factor, 26-12
I-9
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - C
I N D E X
I-10
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - C
pipe, 16-11
selective surface, 31-2
surface, 65-13
tar, 16-11
Cocurrent, 36-10 (ftn)
flow, 36-10
Code
Boiler and Pressure Vessel, 55-2 (tbl)
National Electrical, 72-8
of ethics, 76-1
Coefficient
Betz, 31-5
binomial, 11-2, 11-4
branch loss, 41-20
cavitation, 18-16
combined heat transfer, 37-4
confidence, 63-16
constant, 10-1, 10-2, 10-3
convective heat, 34-7
convective heat transfer, 34-7
correlation, 11-17
crack, 40-5
critical damping, 60-10
discharge, 40-6
discharge, venturi, 17-30
drag, 17-41, 36-4
drag, cars, 17-41
drainage, 68-12
end restraint, 53-3
entrance, 40-6
Euler resistance, 66-14
film, 34-7, 35-2
film, boiling water, 35-4
film, correlation, 35-3
fluid resistance, 61-7
heat transfer, 35-2
Joule-Kelvin, 24-3
Joule-Thomson, 24-3
loss, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
loss, duct, 41-17
main loss, 41-31
mass-transfer, 71-24
matrix, 4-6
maximum cam performance, 59-14 (tbl)
method of loss, 17-12
method of undetermined, 10-4
noise reduction, 73-10
nozzle, 18-22
nozzle discharge, 25-8
nozzle velocity, 25-8
of absorption, 20-9
of active lateral earth pressure, 66-7
of compressibility, 14-13
of contraction, 17-18, 17-30
of discharge, 17-18, 17-30, 19-9
of discharge, choked flow, 25-15
of drag, 17-41
of entry, 41-19
of expansion, thermal, 14-13 (ftn)
of flow, 17-30
of fluctuation, 59-3
of forced convection, 36-2
of friction, 25-16, 58-6, 58-7
of friction, static, 15-11
of friction, typical, 58-6 (tbl)
of heat transfer, overall, 34-7, 42-2
of lift, 17-40
of linear expansion, 51-3, 51-4
of performance, 33-3
of restitution, 58-17
of rolling friction, 58-8
of rolling resistance, 58-8
of the instrument, 17-28
of thermal expansion, 51-4
of thermal resistance, 64-6
of thrust, 25-9
of transformation, 5-3
of utilization, 73-3
of variation, 11-13, 63-16
of velocity, 17-17, 17-29
of viscosity, 14-6
of viscous damping, 58-19, 60-9
of volumetric expansion, 51-4
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
multiplication, 3-3
set, 11-2
Compacted graphitic iron, 47-10
Compaction, 66-9
Company health, 74-35
Comparative
analysis, 74-17
negligence, 75-6
Comparator, 62-4
Comparison
alternative, 74-4
test, 3-12
Compartment, water quality, 68-19
Compatibility method, 46-2
Compensatory
damages, 75-7
fraud, 75-6
Competitive bidding, 76-3
Complaint, 75-6
civil, 75-6
Complement
law, set, 11-1, 11-2
nines, 12-3
number, 12-3
ones, 12-4
set, 11-1
tens, 12-3
twos, 12-4
Complementary
angle, 6-2
equation, 10-1
error function, 11-8, A-15
error function values for positive
x values, A-15
probability, 11-4
random number, 63-32
random number technique, 63-33
solution, 10-3, 60-10
technique, Monte Carlo, 63-33
Complete
combustion, 21-12
cross-linking, 47-13
isothermal flow equation, 17-10
Completion time, 63-5
Complex
conjugate, 3-8
matrix, 4-1
number, 3-1, 3-7
number operations, 3-8
plane, 3-7
power, 72-7
wall, 34-8
Compliance
compressibility, 19-10
energy stored in, 19-11
fluid, 19-10
mechanical, 19-10
pneumatic, 19-11
Component
alias, 9-8 (ftn)
linear, 60-2
moment, 45-3
of a vector, 5-2
steady-state, 60-12
transient, 60-12
typical sprinkler system, 67-7 (fig)
Composite
cylinder, 34-9
cylinder, radial conduction, 34-9
material, 47-18, 47-21 (tbl)
material, flywheel, 59-5
spring constant, 53-20, 54-3
structure, 51-19
wall, 34-7
Composition
dry air, 21-8 (tbl)
eutectic, 49-3
foodstuffs, 34-5 (tbl)
percentage, 20-7
Compostable plastic, 68-18
Compound, 20-5
amount factor, 74-5
binary, 20-5
elastomeric, 47-16
gear, 59-5
gears, reverted gear set and, 59-6 (fig)
interest, 74-11
ternary, 20-5
tertiary, 20-5
turbine, 26-8
turbine, cross-, 26-8
turbine, tandem, 26-8
volatile inorganic, 68-22
volatile organic, 68-22
Compounding
discrete, 74-7 (tbl)
period, 74-28
Compressed
-air energy storage, 31-9 (ftn)
air storage tank, 32-2
height, 54-6
liquid, 23-11
liquid table, using, 23-11
water, properties, A-69, A-90
Compressibility, 14-1, 14-13, 19-10, 23-10
adiabatic, 14-13
chart, A-104
chart, generalized, 23-20
coefficient of, 14-13
compliance, 19-10
factor, 14-13 (ftn), 23-20 (ftn)
isentropic, 14-13, 23-10
isobaric, 23-10
isothermal, 14-13, 23-10
Compressible
flow discharge time, 25-15
flow factors, A-105, A-106
flow, orifice, 19-9, 25-15
fluid dynamics, 25-1
fluid, flow, 17-32
Compression
adiabatic, 15-13
air, 32-1 (ftn)
by a pump, 26-7 (fig)
cycle, vapor, 33-4
efficiency, adiabatic, 32-2
efficiency, isothermal, 32-2
gas, 32-1 (ftn)
ignition engine, 28-2
irreversible, 26-7
isentropic, 26-7
isothermal, 15-12
molding, 65-10
polytropic, 15-13
ratio, 28-2 (ftn), 28-5, 28-11, 28-12,
32-4, 32-4 (ftn)
ratio, isentropic, 28-4
spring, helical, 54-6
stage, 32-1
stroke, 28-2
wave, 73-5
wave speed, 17-38
Compressive strength, 48-8
Compressor, 32-1
air/gas, 32-1 (ftn)
axial-centrifugal, 32-1
axial-flow, 32-1
blower, 32-1
capacity, 32-2
centrifugal, 32-1
characteristic curve, 32-8
control, 32-2
dynamic, 32-1, 32-2, 32-8
reciprocating, 32-1, 32-2
rotary positive-displacement, 32-1 (ftn)
rotating, 32-1
scroll, 33-8
spiral, 33-8
work, 32-4
Computer
complement, 12-4
local control (LCC), 44-5
Concave, 7-2
down curve, 7-2
up curve, 7-2
Concavity, 7-2
I-11
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - C
I N D E X
I-12
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - C
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
Hazen-Williams, A-48
Henrys law, 20-9 (tbl)
ionization, 20-15 (tbl)
Janssens, 66-7
Joules, 22-1, 23-6
learning curve, 74-43
matrix, 4-6
meter, 17-29
moisture content, 23-10
Newtons gravitational, 58-20
Newtons universal, 58-20
nozzle, 67-9
of integration, 9-1, 10-1
outlet, 41-30
percentage method, 74-21 (ftn)
pressure, closed system, 24-8
pressure process, 24-2
reaction rate, 20-13, 71-7
room, 73-10
scaling, 71-6 (tbl)
solar, 31-1, 37-7
specific gas, 23-15
-speed control system, 62-13
spring, 51-3, 53-20, 54-2, 54-5
sprinkler orifice, 67-9
stability, 20-15
Stefan-Boltzmann, 37-2
temperature, closed system, 24-8
temperature process, 24-2
thermal time, 34-13
thermocouple, A-160, A-161
thermoelectric, 64-7
throttle pressure, 26-17
time, 3-11, 62-2, 62-9
torsional spring, 60-5
universal gas, 14-10, 23-14
value dollars, 74-39
-velocity joint, 59-18 (ftn)
volume, closed system, 24-8
volume process, 24-2
-watt heat tape, 34-21
Zwietering, 66-17
Constantan, 47-13
Constituent, principal organic
hazardous, 71-13
Constrained motion, 58-11
Constraint, 63-2, 63-12
non-negativity, 63-12
Construction
contract, 75-3 (ftn)
lien, 75-5
manager, 75-5
Consumer risk, 11-15
Consumers risk, 63-26
Consumption
brake specific fuel, 28-3
fuel, 42-6
indicated specific fuel, 28-3
specific fuel, 28-3
Contact
angle, 14-12, 54-19
factor, 38-8
ratio, 54-11
resistance, 34-7 (ftn)
Containment, multiple pipe, 71-18
Content
constant moisture, 23-10
energy, 38-3
frequency, 73-7
heat, 23-5
moisture, 23-9
Contents, cubical, 40-2
Continuity equation, 17-2, 17-3
Continuous
beam, 46-1, 46-5
bucket elevator, 66-11
casting, 65-9
chip, 65-1
compounding, 74-28
distribution function, 11-6
duty rating, 28-4
M A N U A L
Convection, 34-2
coefficient of forced, 36-2
forced, 36-2
free, 35-2
natural, 35-2
Newtons law of, 36-2
preheater, 26-16
superheater, 26-13
Convective
heat transfer coefficient, 34-7
tip, 34-19
Convention
dust size, 68-9
half-year, 74-3
sign (thermal), 24-4, 27-1
year-end, 74-3
Conventional
cabinet bypass air hood, 40-9 (fig)
control, 26-17
duct system, 41-21
Convergence
absolute, 3-13
conditional, 3-13
tests for, 3-12
Convergent
angle, 25-5
-divergent nozzle, 25-5
sequence, 3-10
series, 3-12
Converging-diverging nozzle, 17-29
Conversion
base, 12-3
factor, A-1, A-2
factor, SI, A-3
power, 22-6 (tbl)
viscosity, 14-8
Converter, 47-3
catalytic, 28-2 (ftn)
thermionic energy, 31-9
three-way, 28-2 (ftn)
two-way catalytic, 28-2 (ftn)
Convex, 7-2
hull, 7-2, 7-3, 70-6
polygon, 63-13
Convexity, 7-3
particle, 70-6
Conveying, dilute-phase, 66-8
Conveyor
belt, 66-10
pneumatic, 66-8
screw, 66-7
submerged scraper, 68-5
Convolution, integral, 10-6
Cooler, 33-9
Cooling, 36-22
coil, 33-9
compressor, 32-7
degree-days, 42-6 (ftn), 43-5
duty, 39-2
efficiency, 39-2
electronic enclosures, 36-23
evaporative, 38-10
fluid, 65-4
free, 43-2
law of, Newtons, 34-12
load, 43-1
load factor, 43-3
load from internal heat sources, 43-4
load temperature difference method, 43-3
Newtons law of, 10-10
properties of foodstuffs, A-114
range, 39-2
rate of, 49-6
sensible, 38-8
spray dehumidification, 38-11
tower, 39-1
tower blow-down, 68-8
tower, indirect-condensing, 39-3
with dehumidification, 38-11
with humidification, 38-10
Coordinate, 57-1
fluid stream, 17-18 (fig)
free body, 45-21
holonomic, 57-2
system, 7-3, 57-1
Coordinated optimal, 26-17
mode, 26-17
Coplanar, 7-2
force system, 45-6
Copolymer, 47-13
Copper
alloy, 47-12
-based powder, 65-10
-beryllium, 47-13
loss, 72-17, 72-18
pipe, 16-9, 67-3
pipe, temper, 67-3
production, 47-12
tubing, 16-9
tubing dimensions, A-46
water tubing dimensions, A-45
Coprime, 54-18
Core, 51-13, 64-4 (ftn)
area, 41-30
loss, 72-18
sand, 65-8
wire rope, 53-21, 66-2
Coriolis acceleration, 57-8, 57-9
Corner frequency, 62-10
Corona
back, 71-9
current ratio, 71-9
power ratio, 71-9
wire, 71-8
Corporation, 75-2
C, 75-3
closely held, 75-2
professional, 75-2
S, 75-3
subchapter C, 75-3
Corrected fin length, 34-20
Correction
enthalpy, 38-4
factor, heat exchanger, A-128, A-129,
A-130, A-131
Correlation
coefficient, 11-17
equation of state, 23-20
film, 35-3
film coefficient, 35-3
just-suspended speed, 66-17
Kern, 35-9
Lubarsky-Kaufman, 36-7
Nusselt-type, 35-4 (ftn)
Othmer, 14-11
Sieder-Tate, 36-5
Corresponding
point, 41-10 (ftn)
states, principle (law) of, 23-20
Corrosion, 20-19
allowance, 55-8
cavitation, 20-19
concentration cell, 20-19
cracking, intergranular stress, 30-2
cracking, stress, 47-9
crevice, 20-19
erosion, 20-19
fatigue, 20-19
fretting, 20-19
galvanic, 20-18
intergranular, 20-19
microbiologically influenced, 26-12, 26-13
-resistant steel, 47-6
stress, cracking, 20-19
two-metal, 20-18
Corrosive substance, 68-2
Corrugated
duct, 41-14 (ftn)
metal pipe, 16-11
Cosecant, hyperbolic, 6-5
Cosine
direction, 5-2, 7-5, 45-2
first law of, 6-6
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4, 45-19
law of, 6-5
I-13
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - C
I N D E X
I-14
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - C
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
D
DAlembert
paradox, 17-2 (ftn)
principle, 58-5
Daltons law, 21-14, 38-1, 68-4
of partial pressure, 23-18
Dam, 15-11 (fig)
force on, 15-11
gravity, 15-11 (ftn)
Damage (see also type)
hydrogen, 20-19
Damages, 75-7
compensatory, 75-7
consequential, 75-7
exemplary, 75-7
punitive, 75-6
special, 75-7
Damped
critically, 60-10
forced vibration, 60-2
free vibration, 60-9
frequency, 60-9, 60-10, 62-2
Damper, 61-4
automatic, 41-24
control, face-and-bypass, 44-1
duct, 41-23
face, 44-2 (ftn)
fire, 41-24
gravity, 41-24
mixing, 41-13
pulsation (pump), 18-2
smoke, 41-24
splitter, 41-24
volume, 41-24
Damping
coefficient, critical, 60-10
coefficient of viscous, 60-9
critical, 60-10
factor, 60-9
heavy, 60-10
light, 60-9
linear, 60-9
ratio, 60-9
viscous, 60-9
Dangerous section, 51-11
Darcy
equation, 17-6, 17-8
friction factor, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
36-4, A-49, A-50, A-51, A-52
-Weisbach equation, 17-6, 17-7
Darcys law, 68-12
Darrieus rotor, 31-4
Dashpot, 60-9, 61-4
Date, maturity, 74-29
Davit, 55-14
arm, 55-14
Davonius rotor, 31-4 (ftn)
Day
cooling degree-, 43-5
degree-, 43-5
summer degree-, 43-5
Daylight area, 41-30
DBP, 68-21
DC
input, 62-7
machine, 72-16
motors, A-166
DCC, 44-5
DDT, 68-17
de Moivres theorem, 3-8
de Morgans law, set, 11-2
Dead
-beat motion, 60-10
load, 45-5
Deadband, 41-4, 44-5
Deadzone, 41-4
Deaerating
heater, 26-15
tank, 26-15
Deaerator, 26-15
Dealing with
client, 76-2
employer, 76-2
engineers, 76-3
public, 76-3
supplier, 76-2, 76-3
Debit, 74-34
Decade, 62-10
Decay
exponential, 10-9, 62-8, 62-9
half-life, 10-10
weld, 20-19, 47-9
Decaying, sinusoidal response, 62-9
Dechlorination, 68-8
Decibel, 60-12
Decile, 11-12
Decimal number, 12-1
Decision
theory, 63-33
tree, 63-33
Deck
air conditioning, 41-13
bridge, 46-12
cold, 41-13
cross-beam, 46-12
hot, 41-13
Declaration, negative, 68-3
Declining balance method, 74-21, 74-26
Decomposition, 20-7
Decrease, average, 11-16
Decrement, logarithmic, 60-10
Dedendum, 54-10
Defect, 63-25
spherical, 6-6
Defendant, 75-6
Defender, 74-18
Definite integral, 9-1 (ftn), 9-4
Deflection, 51-3, 60-2 (ftn)
beam, 51-13, 51-14, 51-15, 51-17
beam, elastic, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
constant, 64-12
curves for extension spring, 54-8 (fig)
dynamic, 60-20
pseudo-static, 60-11
static, 60-2
temperature, 48-11
truss, 51-17
voltage, 64-10
Deformation, 46-2, 60-2 (ftn)
consistent, method of, 51-19
elastic, 46-2, 51-2
thermal, 51-3
Degenerate
circle, 7-10
ellipse, 7-11
Degradable plastic, 68-18
Degree, 6-1
-days, 42-6, 43-5
I-15
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - D
I N D E X
I-16
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - D
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
statically, 45-7
truss, 45-13
Determining phase, 23-3
Deterministic model, 63-2
Detonation, 28-6 (ftn)
Deuterium, 20-2
Deuteron, 20-2
Deutsch-Anderson equation, 71-9
Developer, 75-4
Deviate, standard normal, 11-12
Deviation
angle, 25-12
log standard, 11-8
sample standard, 11-13
Device
hearing protective, 73-12
photoconductive, 64-4 (ftn)
photoemissive, 64-4 (ftn)
pressure relief, 16-12
pressure-measuring, 15-2
Dew point, 21-14
apparatus, 38-8
flue gas, 21-14
stack, 68-4
temperature, 38-2
Dewatering, groundwater, 68-12
Dezincification, 20-19, 47-12
dfg, 21-16
Diabatic flow, 25-20
frictionless, 25-20
Diagonal matrix, 4-1
Diagram
block, 62-5
cash flow, 74-3
control logic, 62-13
control logic block, 62-13
elementary, 44-6
enthalpy-entropy, 23-10
equilibrium, 23-3, 49-1, 49-3
fatigue, 52-7 (ftn)
free-body, 45-8
indicator, 28-8, 64-14
influence, 45-10, 46-8, 46-9, 46-11,
46-12, 46-13
iron-carbon phase, 49-4
isothermal transformation, 49-6
ladder logic, 44-6
line, 44-6, 61-3
Mollier, 23-10
moment, 51-8
Nelson, 55-4
p-h, 23-12
p-V, 24-4
phase, 23-3, 49-1
pole-zero, 62-8
pressure-enthalpy, 23-12
relay logic, 44-6
root-locus, 62-12
shear, 51-8
standard abbreviations for
sprinkler, 67-7 (tbl)
T-p, 24-3
T-s, 24-4, 28-4
time-temperature, 49-2
tree, 63-33
valve, 16-13 (tbl)
Venn, 11-1 (fig)
Diameter
aerodynamic equivalent, 68-9, 70-3
changes, tapered, 17-13
circle equivalent, 70-4
controlled inside, 67-3
controlled outside, 67-3
critical particle, 70-3
enclosing circle, 70-4
equivalent, 16-6 (ftn) (tbl), 17-43
equivalent aerodynamic, 70-3
equivalent, annulus, 36-8 (ftn)
equivalent, duct, 41-17
equivalent projected area, 70-4
equivalent surface area, 70-4
Ferets, 70-4, 70-5
M A N U A L
Dilation, 51-2
Diluent gas, 70-2
Dilute-phase conveying, 66-8
Dilution
exhaust gas, 28-2
extraction, 70-2
toxicity, 40-10
ventilation, 40-10
Dimension
characteristic, 16-6, 34-4
nominal, 16-10
of variables, 1-8 (tbl)
primary, 1-7
ratio, 67-4
ratio, standard, 67-4
Dimensional analysis, 1-8
Dimensionless, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
group, 1-8, 1-9 (tbl)
number, 1-7, 1-9 (tbl), 36-2
Dimensions
bolt, 53-11
BWG tubing, A-47
cast-iron pipe, A-42
concrete pipe, A-40, A-41
CPVC pipe, A-36
ductile iron pipe, A-42, A-43
PVC pipe, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
seamless steel boiler tubing, A-47
steel boiler tubing, A-47
steel pipe, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32, A-33,
A-34, A-35
Dimetric view, 2-3
Diode, plasma, 31-9
Dioxide, sulfur, 68-20
Dioxin, 68-8
Direct
-acting pump, 18-2
central impact, 58-17 (fig)
-condensing tower, 39-3
-contact heater, 26-14
coal-fueled turbine, 29-2
combination, 20-7
current, 72-2
digital control (DDC), 44-5
-firing system, 26-3
fuel reforming cycle, 31-8
gain, 62-4
impact, 58-18
injection, 28-3
iron-making process, 47-5
labor, 74-32
material, 74-32
-reduced iron, 47-5
shear stress, 54-5
steam cycle, 31-6
transfer function, 62-4
Directed graph, 63-3
Direction
angle, 5-2, 7-5
cosine, 5-2, 7-5, 45-2, 45-12
helix, 54-6
number, 7-5
-sensing probe, 17-27
Directional derivative, 8-6
Directivity
factor, 73-7
sound, 73-7
Directrix, 7-10
Disbenefit, 74-16
Disbursement, 74-3
Disc, thermodynamic, steam trap, 16-14
Discharge, 18-4
coefficient, 17-18, 17-30, 19-9, 40-6
coefficient, choked flow, 25-15
coefficient, nozzle, 25-8
coefficient, sprinkler, 67-9
coefficient, venturi, 17-30
electrical, machining, 65-5
from tank, 17-17 (fig) (ftn)
of contract, 75-6
rate, hopper, 66-7
side, 18-4
tank, 17-16, 17-17 (fig)
I-17
Maxwell-Boltzmann, 23-17
mesokurtic, 11-14
multiple hypergeometric, 11-5
negative exponential, 11-9
normal, 11-6
pattern from ceiling sprinkler, 67-9 (fig)
platykurtic, 11-14
point, 41-30
Poisson, 11-5
Students t-, 11-7, 63-16 (ftn), A-14
velocity, 16-7
Weibull, 63-9 (ftn)
Distributive law, 3-3
matrix, 4-4
set, 11-2
District heating, 29-9
Dittus-Boelter equation, 36-6
Divergence, 8-7
Divergent sequence, 3-10
Diversity
occupancy, ventilation, 40-4
population, ventilation, 40-4
Divided
difference, 13-3
difference table, 13-3 (ftn)
flow fitting, 41-19
Division matrix, 4-4
Dodge-Romig plan, 63-25
Dollars, 74-2
constant value, 74-39
Domain analysis, 62-11
Dome, vapor, 23-3
Domestic heat source, 42-4 (ftn)
Dominant load, 46-14
Donnan formula, 68-12
Door blower, 43-4
Doppler effect, 73-5
Dose
badge, 73-12
noise, 73-12
radiation absorbed, 6-1 (ftn)
Dosimeter, noise, 73-12
Dot product, 5-3
vector, 5-3 (fig)
Double
-acceptance plan, 63-26
-acting engine, 28-2
-acting pump, 18-2
-acting valve, 19-3
and add method, 12-1 (ftn)
-angle formula, 6-3
butt, 53-11 (ftn)
Cardan joint, 59-18 (ftn)
-dabble method, 12-1 (ftn)
declining balance, 74-21, 74-26
-effect evaporator, 26-15
-entry bookkeeping, 74-33
integral, 9-3
integration method, 51-13
interlock preaction system, 67-3
orifice air valve, 16-14
rivet, 53-11 (ftn)
root, 3-3
seal, 71-18
shear, 53-11
suction pump, 18-4
taxation, 75-2
-tempered steel, 47-7
vortex, 71-7
-vortex, single cyclone (inertial
separator), 71-7 (fig)
Doubling time, 3-11, 74-8, 74-9
Downcomer, 26-4
Downcycling, 68-18
Downtime, 63-9
Downwind machine, 31-4
DR, 67-4
Draft, 21-17, 65-8
available, 21-17
balanced, 21-17
chimney, 21-17
cooling tower, 39-1
forced, 21-17
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - D
I N D E X
I-18
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - E
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
pump, 18-2
stainless steel, 47-9
system, 63-9
Duplexed steel, 47-4
Durability, surface, gear, 54-14
Duralumin, 47-12 (ftn)
Duration, 63-3
modulation, pulse, 41-8
reference, 73-12
Dust, 68-9
coal, 68-9
collection system, 41-32
collector, 40-11, 41-32
collector, two-stage, 41-32
concentration, 66-12, 66-13
control, 68-9
density, areal, 71-5
loading, 71-5
Duty, 29-8
condenser, 26-11
cooling, 39-2
cycle, 72-14
point, fan, 41-9 (ftn)
rating, continuous, 28-4
transferred, 29-8
Dwell, 59-12
Dynamic
analysis, 51-8
balance, 56-2, 60-18
bearing load, equivalent, 54-23
cam lobe, 59-13 (fig)
compressor, 32-1, 32-2, 32-8
deflection, 60-20
energy, 16-1 (ftn)
equilibrium, 58-5
friction, 58-5
gas, 25-1
head, 18-6
load rating, 54-23
loss, duct fitting, 41-17
programming, 63-12
reaction, 58-5 (ftn)
response, 51-8
response, spring, 54-8
similarity, 17-45
similarity, fan, 41-10
unit, 62-4
viscosity, 14-6 (ftn)
Dynamics, 57-1
Dynamometer, 28-3, 64-13
brake, 64-13
driving, 64-13
torsion, 64-13
transmission, 64-13
Dyne, 1-4, 1-5, A-3
E
e-folding time, 3-11
E-glass, 47-20
Earnings, relative, 63-21
Earplug, NRR, 73-13
Earth
atmosphere, 15-12, 15-13 (ftn)
rare, 20-4
Eastern coal, 21-5
EC grade aluminum, 47-11 (ftn)
Eccentric
impact, 58-18
load, column, 53-4
load, connection, 53-18
loading, 51-12
Eccentricity, 7-8, 7-11, 7-12, 51-12, 53-4
dam, 15-12
orbit, 58-21
ratio, bearing, 54-25
Echelon
form, row-reduced, 4-2
matrix, 4-1
Eckert number, 1-9 (tbl)
Eco-toxicity, 68-18
Economic
analysis, 74-2
Efficacy, 73-2
Efficiency, 22-6, 26-9, 63-34, 73-2
adiabatic, 26-9 (ftn)
adiabatic compression, 32-2
adiabatic, turbine, 26-9
air sampler collection, 70-4
boiler, 21-16, 26-4
coil, 38-8
collector, 31-2
combustion, 21-16
cooling, 39-2
cooling tower, 39-2
curve, fractional-, 66-14
curve, grade-, 66-14
cyclone, 66-14
cyclone, absolute, 66-14
cyclone collection, 66-14
cyclone grade, 66-14
cyclone removal, 66-14
destruction removal, 71-13
electrostatic precipitator, 71-9
energy-production, 22-6
energy-use, 22-6
factor, Fried heat transfer, 36-22
factor, heat removal, 31-2
filtration, 41-23
fin, 34-17
function, 63-34
furnace, 21-16
gear train, 54-12
humidification, 38-10
ideal, 28-3
isentropic, pump, 26-7
isentropic, turbine, 26-9
isolation, 60-13
isothermal compression, 32-2
joint, 16-10, 53-12, 55-11
lever, 15-14
luminous, 73-2
mechanical, 28-3
mesh, 54-12
method, 36-20
minimum, reporting value, 41-23
motor, 72-18
nozzle, 25-8
of welded joint in head, 55-11 (tbl)
of welded joint in shell, 55-11 (tbl)
overall, 66-14
overall, pump, 18-9
overall, turbine, 26-9
polytropic, 32-5
production, 63-20
pulley, 45-11
pump, 18-9, 26-6, 26-7
pumping (temperature), 18-20
radiator, 34-17
ratio, energy, 43-2
regenerator, 29-7
relative, 28-3
removal, 71-7
saturation, 38-10
static, 41-7
thermal, 21-16, 24-11, 27-2 (ftn), 28-3
total, 41-6
ventilation, 40-4
volumetric, 28-3, 32-4
Efflux, speed of, 17-17
Effort, 45-11
variable, 19-8
EfLA, 43-4
Eigenvalue, 4-8, 62-8 (ftn)
Eigenvector, 4-8
EIR, 68-3
EJCDC, 75-5 (ftn)
Ejector pump, 18-2
ELA, 43-4
Elastic
analysis, 53-17 (ftn)
beam deflections, A-148, A-149,
A-150, A-151
constants, 48-9
constants, relationships, 48-9
I-19
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - E
I N D E X
I-20
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - E
Elevator, 66-4
belt, 66-11
bucket, 66-11
Elimination, Gauss-Jordan, 4-2
Elinvar, 47-13
Ellipse, 7-11
degenerative, 7-11
equation, 68-12
formula, A-7
Ellipsoidal head, 2:1, 55-5
Elliptic integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Elongation, 46-2
at failure, percent, 48-6
percent, 48-6
ratio, 70-5
Elutriation, 66-16
Embossing, 65-7
Embrittlement
blue, 49-9
caustic, 20-19, 55-4
hydrogen, 20-19, 55-4
neutron, 30-2
Emery, 47-18
Emission
fugitive, 68-10
monitoring, 70-2
monitoring, continuous, 70-2
sampling, 70-1
Emissive power, 37-1
Emissivity, 37-1
factor, 37-3
surface, A-136
Emittance, luminous, 73-2
Empirical formula, 20-7
Employer, dealing with, 76-2
Emulsion, 20-10 (ftn)
invert, 19-2 (ftn)
Enclosed air space, 35-7
Enclosing circle diameter, 70-4
Enclosure, air hood, 40-9
End
-around carry, 12-4
built-in, 46-7
crank, 28-2
fixed, 46-7
head, 28-2
plain, 54-5
post, 45-12
-quench test, 49-7
-restraint coefficient, 53-3
treatment of helical compression
springs, 54-6 (fig)
Endoergic impact, 58-17
Endosulfan, 68-17
Endothermic reaction, 20-18
Endpoint, pressure-drop, 20-22
Endrin, 68-17
Endurance
limit, 48-9
ratio, 48-9
strength, 48-9, 48-10
Energizing brake, self-, 54-18
Energy, 22-1
climate factor, 43-5
compliance, 19-11
conservation, 16-1, 60-5
conservation law, 22-1
content, 38-3
content of air, 38-3
conversion, ocean thermal, 31-6
conversion, SI, A-3
cutting, 65-3
density, 31-10
dissipation, 54-18
dissipation in brakes and clutches, 54-18
dynamic, 16-1 (ftn)
-efficiency ratio, 22-6 (ftn), 33-3, 43-2
equation, steady-flow, 24-5
falling mass, 22-3
flow, 16-2 (ftn), 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
flywheel, 59-3
free, 23-10
geothermal, 31-6
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
I-21
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - E
I N D E X
I-22
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - F
Expansion
by cofactor, 4-3
coefficient of volumetric, 35-2
factor, 17-32 (fig)
linear, coefficient, 51-3, 51-4
method, 12-1
over-, 25-13
series, 8-8
single-stage turbine, 26-9 (fig)
thermal coefficient of, 14-13 (ftn)
thermal, coefficient, 51-4
two-stage turbine, 26-9, 26-10 (fig)
under-, 25-13
valve, 33-1
volumetric, coefficient, 51-4
wave, 25-13, 25-14
Expected value, 11-8, 74-30
Expense, 74-32
administrative, 74-33
artificial, 74-20
marketing, 74-33
selling, 74-33
Expensing an asset, 74-20
Experiment
accuracy, 11-11
insensitivity, 11-12
precision, 11-11
reliability, 11-12
stability, 11-12
Explosion
BLEVE, 26-5
boiling liquid-expanding vapor, 26-5
Explosive
bonding, 65-11
forming, 65-11
limit, 67-21
limit, lower, 40-10
power, ton of, 1-7
range, 67-21
Exponent, 3-5
polytropic, 15-13, 19-8, 24-2
polytropic, compression, 32-4
rules, 3-5
strain-hardening, 48-5
Exponential
decay, 10-9, 62-8, 62-9
decreasing cash flow, 74-26
distribution, 11-6, 11-9, 63-6, 63-7
distribution, negative, 11-9
form, 3-7, 3-8
function, integral, 9-8
gradient factor, 74-26
gradient series cash flow, 74-4
growth, 3-11, 10-9
growth rate, 74-4
reliability, 11-9
weighted forecast, 74-42
Exposed fraction, 15-15
Exposure
allowance, 42-2
limit, short-term, 40-10
time, particle, 70-3, 71-9
Exsec function, 6-4
Exsecant, 6-4
Extended
Bernoulli equation, 17-15
plenum system, 41-13
surfaces, 34-17
Extension
life, 29-10
spring, 54-8
Extensive property, 23-4
External
and internal gear, 59-5 (fig)
force, 45-2, 58-2
gear, 59-5
investment, 74-13
pressure, 15-13
rate of return, 74-12
shoe brake, 54-19
static pressure, 41-8
work, 22-2
Externality, nuclear, 30-2
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
F
F
-method, 36-20
-waste, 68-3
Fabric
building, 43-4 (ftn)
loading, 71-5
Face
-and-bypass damper control, 44-1
angle, 6-6
damper, 44-2 (ftn)
tooth, 54-10
value, 74-29
velocity, 71-5
width, tooth, 54-10
Facility, 63-15
material recovery, 71-15
waste-to-energy, 71-14
Factor (see also type)
absorption, 71-24
amplification, 60-11
anisotropy, 70-5
arrangement, 37-3
Barth speed, 54-14
black body shape, 37-2
bolt torque, 53-13
bonus, 63-20, 63-21
bypass, 38-7, 43-7
capacity, 26-16, 31-1
capacity reduction, 53-2
cash flow, 74-6, A-169, A-170
cash flow, discounting, 74-6
centrifuge sigma, 70-4
cleanliness, 26-12
coil, 38-7
compressibility, 14-13 (ftn), 23-20 (ftn)
contact, 38-8
conversion, A-1, A-2
cooling load, 43-3
Cunningham correction, 70-3
damping, 60-9
Darcy friction, 17-5, 36-4 (ftn), A-49,
A-50, A-51, A-52
demand, 26-16
density, fan, 41-11
derating, 67-4
design, pressure rating, 19-4
directivity, 73-7
economic analysis, A-169, A-170
emissivity, 37-3
energy climate, 43-5
etch, 65-6
expansion, 17-32 (fig)
exponential gradient, 74-26
Fanning friction, 25-16, 25-18, 36-4 (ftn)
fatigue notch, 48-10
fatigue stress concentration, 48-10
flange attachment, 55-14
flow, 17-14
form, 54-13 (ftn)
form, gear, 54-13
fouling, 36-17
gage, 64-8, 64-9
geometric stress concentration, 59-4 (ftn)
gray body shape, 37-3
heat removal efficiency, 31-2
heat transfer, 36-22
hindrance, 70-3
impact, 16-5
integrating, 10-2
interference, 31-6
irreducible, 74-2
joint quality, 16-10
judgment, 74-2
K-, 40-10, 67-9
latent, 43-6
LBL, 43-5
leakage, 41-22
Lewis form, 54-13 (ftn)
light loss, 73-4
load, 26-16
loading, 31-9, 68-14
magnification, 60-11
maintenance, 73-4
multiple strand, 59-17
N factor, climate, 43-5
nonquantifiable, 74-2
nonquantitative, 74-2
normal shock, 25-10
nut, 53-13
of evaporation, 26-4
of safety, 52-1
of safety, overturning, 15-11
of safety, sliding, 15-11
operation, 26-16
output, 26-16
overload, 53-2
performance, 38-11
performance rating, 63-16
perimeter-free shape, 70-6
phase, 72-7
pipe, 16-8
piping geometry, 17-14
plant, 26-16
power, 72-7, 72-9
quality, 62-10
rating, 39-2
reheat, 27-6
Reynolds number, 17-14
sensible heat, 38-7
separation, 71-8
service, 42-4, 58-7 (ftn), 72-13
service, gear drive, 54-12
service, V-belt, 54-17
shading, 31-2
shape, 34-21, 70-3, 70-5
shelter, 40-6
side friction, 58-8
single payment present worth, 74-5
sinking fund, 74-7
solar cooling load, 43-3
speed, 54-14
standard cash flow, A-169
stress concentration, 51-5
stress concentration, press fit, 53-9
stripping, 71-24
surface finish, 48-10
system bypass, 43-7
system effect, 41-9
table, A-169, A-170
transmission, 25-18
transverse sensitivity, 64-9
U-, 34-7
use, 26-16
utilization, 73-3
valve flow, 19-5
velocity of approach, 17-29
Wahl correction, 54-5
wall shear stress, 17-5 (ftn)
water hammer, 19-4
Factorial, 3-2
Factoring, polynomial, 3-4
Factors vs. strength, 48-17
Factory
cost, 74-33, 74-36
loading, 63-15
Fahrenheit, 23-4
Failure, 11-3
brittle, 48-14
conditional probability of, 11-9
cup-and-cone, 48-5
fatigue, 48-9
line, 52-6
mean time before, 11-9 (ftn)
mean time between, 63-9
mean time to, 11-9, 63-9
mode and effect analysis, 63-28
rate, 63-9
sudden, 63-11, 63-12
theory, 52-1
tool, 65-5
Faith of an Engineer, 76-1 (ftn)
Falling mass energy, 22-3
False
position method, 13-2 (ftn)
positive error, 11-14
Family, chemical, 20-2
Fan
-coil unit, 41-3, 41-4
axial-flow, 41-4
backward-curved, 41-6
boost, 21-17
brake, 64-13
centrifugal, 41-6
curve, 41-8
drive, variable speed, 41-7
duct, 41-4
forward-curved, 41-6
homologous, 41-10
law, 41-10
noise, 41-31
non-overloading, 41-6
paddle wheel, 41-6
power, 41-6
propeller, 41-4
radial, 41-6
radial tip, 41-6
rating table, 41-8
return air, 41-31
shaving wheel, 41-6
similarity, 41-10
specific speed, 41-6
squirrel cage, 41-6
straight-blade, 41-6
tubeaxial, 41-4
V-belt, 41-8
vaneaxial, 41-6
Fanning friction factor, 17-5 (ftn),
25-16 (ftn), 25-18, 36-4 (ftn)
Fanno
flow, 25-15
flow factors, A-107
line, 25-15
Far
field, 73-6
-field temperature, 34-6
Faraday, 72-2, A-1, A-2
Faradays law of induction, 17-27
Fast Fourier transform, 9-8
Fastener, 53-9
critical, 53-18
Fatigue
corrosion, 20-19
cumulative, 52-8
diagram, 52-7 (ftn)
failure, 48-9
interaction formula, 52-8
life, 48-9
life, bearing, 54-23
loading, spring, 54-4
low-cycle, 48-9
nonreversed, 54-5 (tbl)
notch factor, 48-10
notch sensitivity, 48-10
ratio, 48-9
strength, 48-9
stress concentration factor, 48-10, 51-5
test, 48-9
Fault, 63-9
-tolerant system, 63-9
-tree analysis, 63-27
Faying surface, 20-19
Feasible region, 63-13
Fee
fixed, cost plus, 75-5
lump-sum, 75-5
per diem, 75-5
percentage of construction cost, 75-5
retainer, 75-5
salary plus, 75-5
structure, 75-5
Feed main, 67-7
Feedback, 62-4
and control, 44-2
gain, 62-4
negative, 62-4
positive, 62-4
ratio, 62-4
ratio, primary, 62-4
theory, 62-4
transfer function, 62-4
unit, 62-4
Feeder
dry bulk solid, 66-7
venturi, 66-8
venturi, saturation, 66-8
Feedwater
boiler, 20-22
boiler, characteristics, 20-22
heater, 26-14
heater, closed, 26-15, 36-14 (ftn)
heater, header-type, 26-15
heater, open, 26-14 (fig)
heater, tubesheet, 26-15
Fenestration, 43-4 (ftn)
Fenvalerate, 68-18
Ferets diameter, 70-4, 70-5
Ferrimagnetic material, 47-18
Ferrispinel, 47-18
Ferrite, 47-18, 49-4, 49-6
Ferritic stainless steel, 20-19 (ftn), 47-8
Ferroelectric, 47-18
FFT, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
Fiber
core wire rope, 66-2
extreme, 50-7
-nickel-cadmium battery, 31-11
-reinforced plastic, 47-20
-reinforced plastic duct, 41-14
-reinforced polymer, 47-20
-reinforced polymer duct, 41-14
-strengthened system, 47-20
Fiberglass, 47-20, 68-5
Fibonacci methods, 63-32
Fibrous duct, 41-14
Fictive temperature, 47-18
Fiduciary responsibility, 75-3
Field
capacity, 68-11
far, 73-6
free, 73-6
inverse-square attractive, 58-19
inverse-square repulsive, 58-19
measurement, near-, 73-6
reverberant, 73-6
sound, free-, 73-6
Figure of merit, 31-9
I-23
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - F
I N D E X
I-24
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - F
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
majeure, 75-4
member, 45-16
normal, 15-11, 58-4 (ftn), 58-6
normal, on a dam, 15-11
number, 66-19
on a dam, 15-11
on a helical gear, 54-13 (fig)
on blade, jet, 17-35
on pipe bend, 17-36
on plate, jet, 17-34
point, 45-2
pound, A-3
quadratic velocity-dependent, 58-19
reversed effective, 58-5 (ftn)
tangential, gear, 54-12
tensile, 45-16
tension, 45-16
unbalanced, 45-1, 58-4
van der Waals, 23-20
velocity-dependent, 58-18
work performed by, 9-4
Forced
convection, 36-2
displacement, 55-6
draft, 21-17
draft tower, 39-1
outage, mean time to, 63-9
response, 62-1, 62-2
vibration, 60-2
vibration, undamped, 60-2
Forcing
frequency, 60-10
function, 10-1, 10-3, 60-10, 61-2
Forebay, 18-23, 18-24
Forecasting, 74-42
Forging, 65-7
-hot, temperature, 65-7 (tbl)
type, 65-7
Form
center-radius, 7-9, 7-10
cis, 3-8
drag, 17-41
exponential, 3-7, 3-8
factor, 54-13 (ftn)
factor, gear, 54-13
functional, 3-2
general, 7-5
intercept, 7-5
log-linear, 3-11
Newton, 13-3 (ftn)
normal, 7-5
operational, log, 3-5
phasor, 3-8, 72-5
phasor, vector, 5-2
point-slope, 7-5
polar, 3-8, 7-5
polar, vector, 5-2
rectangular, 3-7
rectangular, vector, 5-2
row canonical, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
slope-intercept, 7-5
standard, 7-9
standard polynomial, 3-3
trigonometric, 3-7
two-point, 7-5
Formality, 20-10
Formation
chip, 65-1
constant, 20-15
enthalpy, 20-17, 20-18
heat of, 20-17
Forming
electro-hydraulic, 65-11
explosive, 65-11
extrusion, 65-10
high energy rate, 65-11
magnetic, 65-11
vacuum, 65-10
Formula (see also Equation)
Babcock, 17-10
Barlow, 19-4
Boardman, 19-4
I-25
Cardanos, 3-3
chemical, 20-5
Colding, 68-12
Donnan, 68-12
double-angle, 6-3
Dulongs, 21-14
empirical, 20-7
fatigue interaction, 52-8
half-angle, 6-4
Hitchins, 42-6
J.B. Johnson, 53-4
Korteweg, 17-39
Lagranges, 5-5
Lame , 19-4
Lapple, 66-14
Maney, 53-13
miscellaneous angle, 6-4
Palmgren-Miner cycle ratio, 52-8
Panhandle, 17-10
parabolic column, 53-4
PLAN, 28-8
prismoidal, 66-6
secant, 53-4
Spitzglass, 17-10
Taylors, 8-8
two-angle, 6-4
uniform acceleration, 57-4 (tbl)
weight, 20-6
Weymouth, 17-10
Forward
-curved centrifugal, 41-6
-curved fan, 41-6
gain, 62-4
transfer function, 62-4
Fouling, 36-17
cause of, 26-12
condenser, 26-12
factor, 36-17
function of time, 36-17
Four
-stroke cycle, 28-2, 28-5
-stroke, diesel, 28-11
-way valve, 19-3
Fourier
analysis, 9-6
inversion, 9-6
number, 1-9 (tbl), 34-5
number, modified, 34-6
series, 9-6
transform, fast, 9-8
waveforms, 9-7
Fouriers
law, 34-6
theorem, 9-6
Fourth
moment of the mean, 11-14
-power law, 37-2
standardized moment, 11-14
Fraction
atomic, 49-1
bleed, 26-15
gravimetric, 20-6, 21-2, 23-18
growth rate, 3-11
inhalable, 68-9
mass, 23-18
mole, 14-6, 21-2, 23-18
partial, 3-6, 9-3
partial pressure, 21-2
respirable, 68-9
submerged, 15-15
thoracic, 68-9
volumetric, 21-2, 23-18
weight, 23-18
Fractional-efficiency curve, 66-14
Fracture
appearance transition temperature, 48-15
brittle, 55-7
strength, 48-3
transition plastic temperature, 48-15
Frame, 45-12
inertial, 57-10
Francis turbine, 18-23
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - F
I N D E X
I-26
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - F
Fraud, 75-6
compensatory, 75-6
Frauds, statute of, 75-3 (ftn)
Fraudulent act, 75-6
Free
area, 41-30
body, coordinate, 45-21
-body diagram, 45-8
convection, 35-2
cooling, 43-2
energy, 23-10
-field sound, 73-6
-flow valve, 19-3
-machining steel, 47-5, 65-4
moment, 45-4, 45-9
path, gas, 70-3
-piston engine, 28-13
-piston Stirling engine, 28-13
pulley, 45-11
rotation, 60-5
-stream temperature, 36-2
surface, 16-5
vibration, 60-2, 60-5
Freedom, degree of, 11-7, 26-12, 49-3, 57-1,
57-12, 60-2, 60-19, 62-14
chi-squared, 11-7, 11-8
multiple, 60-19
Freeze
protection, 44-2
stat, 44-2
Freezing
insulation thickness to prevent, 34-11
latent heat, foodstuffs, 34-4
point, 49-1 (ftn), 49-2
properties of foodstuffs, A-114
Freight, ton, 1-7
Freon, 68-7
Frequency
analysis, 9-8 (ftn), 62-9, 62-10
analysis, resolution, 9-8
angular, 60-3
carrier, 64-4
content, 73-7
corner, 62-10
crossover, 62-12
cut-off, 62-10
damped, 60-9, 60-10, 62-2
distribution, 11-10
distribution, step interval, 11-10
drive, variable, 41-8
electrical, 72-5
forcing, 60-10
fundamental, 9-6
fundamental harmonic, 54-8
fundamental, spring, 54-8
natural, 9-6, 60-3, 62-9
natural, fluid, 19-12
natural linear, 60-3
of sound, 73-5
panel, natural, 73-11
panel, resonant, 73-11
phase crossover, 62-12
polygon, 11-10
response, 62-2 (ftn), 62-10, 62-11
response analysis, 62-11
Fresnel integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
Fretting, corrosion, 20-19
Friction, 17-4
bearing, 54-22
bearing, anti-, 54-22
belt, 58-7
brake, 64-13
coefficient of, 15-11, 25-16, 58-6, 58-7
Coulomb, 58-5
duct, 41-14, 41-17
dynamic, 58-5
factor, Atkinson, 41-32
factor chart, Moody, 17-6, 17-7 (tbl)
factor, Darcy, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
A-49, A-50, A-51, A-52
factor, Fanning, 17-5 (ftn), 25-16 (ftn),
25-18
flat, 58-5
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
fluid, 58-5
head, 18-6
head loss, 17-4 (ftn)
heating, 17-4
horsepower, 28-3, 41-8
internal, angle of, 48-8
loss, cyclone, 66-14
loss, duct, 41-14
loss, duct fitting, 41-17
loss, gas, 17-9
loss, hydraulic power, 19-5
loss, skin, 17-4 (ftn)
loss, slurry, 17-11
loss, sprinkler, 67-12
loss, steam, 17-9
pipe, 17-14
power, 18-9, 28-3
power, fan, 41-8
pressure, 41-8, 41-14
pressure drop, 17-4 (ftn)
sideways, 58-8
skin, 17-41
stack, 21-19
static, 58-5
turbulent flow, 17-7
typical coefficients of, 58-6 (tbl)
Frictionless, 25-20
surface, 45-7
Fried heat transfer efficiency factor, 36-22
FRL, 19-8
Frontal
area, 17-41
auxiliary view, 2-2
Froude number, 1-9 (tbl), 17-47
FRP, 41-14
Fuel
-air ratio, 28-3
-bound NOx, 68-14, 68-15
-injected engine, 28-3
cell, 31-7
cell, molten carbonate, 31-8
cell, phosphoric acid, 31-8
cell, solid oxide, 31-8
cell, solid polymer, 31-8
consumption, 42-6
consumption, furnace, 42-6
consumption, special, 28-3
diesel, 21-7
loss, unburned, 21-16
management, 30-2
oil, 21-6
oxygenated, 68-7
properties, 21-6
refuse-derived, 21-4, 71-15
standard conditions, gaseous, 21-2
switching, 68-20
tire-derived, 21-4
turbine, 29-2
utilization, 29-9
viscosity, A-22
waste, 21-4
Fugacity, 23-10
and activity, 23-10
function, 23-10
Fugitive
dust, 68-9
emission, 68-10
Full
annealing, 49-8
-arc admission, 26-17
bridge, 64-11
-depth gear, 54-10
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-load value, motor, 72-13
military power, 29-2
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
-wrap, 66-4
Fully
amortized bond, 74-29 (ftn)
turbulent flow, 16-7, 17-5
Fume
exhaust hood, 40-9
hood, 40-9
Function
analytic, 8-1
asymmetrical, 7-4
binomial probability density, 11-4
circular transcendental, 6-2
closed-loop transfer, 62-4
continuous distribution, 11-6
covers, 6-4
density, 11-4
direct transfer, 62-4
efficiency, 63-34
entropy, 23-11
error, 9-8, 11-8, A-15
error transfer, 62-4
exsec, 6-4
feedback transfer, 62-4
first moment of, 9-6
forcing, 10-1, 60-10, 61-2
forward transfer, 62-4
fugacity, 23-10
Gibbs, 23-9
havers, 6-4
hazard, 11-9
Helmholtz, 23-9
holomorphic, 8-1
homogeneous forcing, 61-2
hyperbolic, 6-4
in a unit circle, trigonometric, 6-3 (fig)
integral, 9-8
integral cosine, 9-8
integral elliptic, 9-8 (ftn)
integral exponential, 9-8
integral Fresnel, 9-8 (ftn)
integral gamma, 9-8 (ftn)
integral sine, 9-8
Lagrange stream, 17-4
loop transfer, 62-4
loss, 63-34
mapping, 7-3
objective, 63-12
of an angle, 6-2
of related angle, 6-3
open-loop transfer, 62-4
overall transfer, 62-4
path, 24-4
performance, 11-9
point, 24-4, 24-7
rational, 62-3
regular, 8-1
response, 61-1
reverse transfer, 62-4
room transfer, 43-3
second moment of, 9-6
singularity, 61-3
stream, 17-4
stream potential, 17-3
symmetrical, 7-4
system, 62-4
transcendental, 8-2
transfer, 62-3 (ftn)
trigonometric, 6-2
unit impulse, 10-6
unit step, 10-6
values for positive x values,
complementary, A-15
values for positive x values, error, A-15
vector, 5-5
velocity potential, 17-3
vers, 6-4
Functional form, 3-2
Functionality, 47-15
Functions
integral of combination, 9-2
of related angles, 6-3
Fund sinking, 74-7
Fundamental
frequency, 9-6
frequency, spring, 54-8
harmonic frequency, 54-8
principle of counting, 63-33
speed, shaft, 60-16
theorem of calculus, 9-4
Fungicide, 68-17
G
g-force, 58-4 (ftn)
Gage (see also Gauge)
factor, 64-8, 64-9
pressure, 14-2, 15-2, 15-6 (ftn)
Gaging, Birmingham wire, A-132, A-133
Gain
characteristic, 62-10
closed-loop, 62-4
crossover point, 62-10, 62-12
direct, 62-4
error, 62-4
feedback, 62-4
forward, 62-4
heat, 43-2
instantaneous heat, 43-2
internal heat, 43-1
loop, 62-4
margin, 62-12
open-loop, 62-4
overall, 62-4
-sharing plan, 63-20
Galtons distribution, 11-8
Galvanic
action, 20-18
series, 20-18 (tbl)
Galvanized steel pipe, 16-10
Galvanizing, 65-14
Gamma
integral function, 9-8 (ftn)
-iron, 49-4
Gangue, 47-2
Garbage, 21-4, 68-14
Gas, 70-3
absorption, 71-2
accidental release, 25-15
acetylene, 65-11
acid, 68-4
blast-furnace, 21-8 (ftn)
coke-oven, 21-8 (ftn)
compressor, 32-1 (ftn)
concentration, 67-21
constant, specific, 23-15
constant, universal, 14-10, 23-14
cyclone separator, 66-12
desorption, 71-2 (ftn)
-diesel engine, 28-11
diluent, 70-2
dynamics, 25-1
flow through an orifice, 19-10 (fig)
flue, 21-12
friction loss, 17-9
greenhouse, 68-10
high-velocity, 25-1
ideal, 23-2, 23-16
ideal, equation of state, 23-14
ideal, mixture, 23-18, 23-19
ideal, properties of, 23-15, 23-16
I-27
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - G
I N D E X
I-28
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - H
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
H
Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 17-7, 19-8 (ftn)
Half
-angle formula, 6-4
-angle thread, 53-14
-bridge, 64-11
-life, 3-11, 20-13
-life, decay, 10-10
link, 59-15
-power point, 62-10
-wave symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
-wrap, 66-4
-year convention, 74-3
Hall
-Heroult process, 47-11
effect, 31-8 (ftn)
Halogen, 20-2
Hammer
forging, 65-7
water, 17-38 (fig)
water factor, 19-4
Handhole, 55-13
Handling unit, air, 40-11, 41-3
Hard
material, 48-1
pipe, 67-3
steel, 49-7
surfacing, 65-14
Hardenability, steel, 49-7
Hardening
age, 47-8 (ftn), 47-11, 49-9
case, 49-10
differential, 49-10
flame, 49-10
induction, 49-10
nonallotropic alloy, 49-9
precipitation, 47-11, 49-9
strain, 48-5
surface, 49-10
Hardness
carbonate, 20-21 (ftn)
cutting, 48-13, 48-14
file, 48-13
hot, 47-6 (ftn)
noncarbonate, 20-21
number, Brinell, 48-13
penetration test, 48-14 (tbl)
permanent, 20-21
red, 47-6 (ftn), 65-4
scale, Mohs, 48-13 (fig)
steel, maximum, 49-7
temporary, 20-21
test, 48-13
test, Brinell, 48-13
test, Rockwell, 48-13
total, 20-21
water, 20-21
Hardwood, 47-17
Hardy Cross method, 17-24, 51-19
Harmonic, 60-19
cam profile, 59-12
frequency, fundamental, 54-8
mean, 11-12
motion, simple, 60-2
sequence, 3-11
series, 3-12
terms, 9-6
test, vibration, 60-21
Hastelloy, 47-13
Haulage rope, 66-2
I-29
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - H
I N D E X
I-30
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - H
HEPA, 40-11
filter, 41-23
Herbicide, 68-17
Hess law, 20-18
Hex number, 12-2 (ftn)
Hexachlorobenzene, 68-17
Hexadecimal system, 12-2
HFC-134a pressure-enthalpy
diagram, A-83, A-102
Hideout, 20-23
Hierarchy, need, 63-28
High
-alloy austenitic stainless steel, 47-9
-alloy steel, 47-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
-efficiency particle arresting, 40-11
-efficiency particulate air filter, 41-23
-efficiency particulate arresting, 40-11
energy rate forming, 65-11
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-pass filter, 62-10
-performance power system, 29-10
-pressure carryover valve, 19-3
-pressure turbine, 26-8
-side equipment, 33-8
-speed steel, 65-4
-strength steel, 47-6
-temperature advanced furnace, 29-10
-temperature air heater, 31-8
-temperature reservoir, 24-11
velocity forming, 65-11
-velocity gas, 25-1
-velocity system, 41-21
Higher heating value, 21-14
Highly significant results, 11-14
Highway rainwater runoff, 68-19
Hilbert-Morgan equation, 36-8
Hindrance factor, 70-3
Hinge, 45-10
plastic, 51-19
Hinged machine, 31-6
Histogram, 11-10
Hitchins formula, degree-days, 42-6
Hobby, 74-12 (ftn)
Hogs hair filters, 41-23
Hoist, 45-11
Hoisting
cable, 66-2
rope, extra-flexible, 66-2
Holder, flame, 29-2
Hole, tap, 15-3
Hollow cylinder, radial conduction, 34-9
Holographic testing, 48-13
Holomorphic function, 8-1
Holonomic coordinate, 57-2
Homogeneous
circuits, law of, 64-7
differential equation, 10-1, 10-2
forcing function, 61-2
linear equation, 3-7
response, 62-1
second-order, 10-3
unit system, 1-2 (ftn)
Homologous
fan, 41-10
pump, 18-13
Honing, 65-5, 65-14
Hood
air, 40-9
air, enclosure, 40-9
air, nonbypass, 40-9
air, nonenclosure, 40-9
conventional cabinet bypass
air, 40-9 (fig)
exposure, minimum control
velocity for, 40-9 (tbl)
fume exhaust, 40-9
minimum control velocity for
exposure, 40-9 (tbl)
Hookes law, 48-2, 51-2, 54-2, 64-11
Hoop stress, 53-4, 53-5, 53-6
Hopper, 66-6
discharge rate, 66-7
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Hygroscopic, 40-7
material, 40-7
Hygrostat, 44-1
Hyperbola, 7-11
equilateral, 7-12
rectangular, 7-12
unit, 6-5
Hyperbolic
cosecant, 6-5
cosine, 6-4, 45-19
cotangent, 6-5
function, 6-4
function, derivative, 8-2
function, integral of, 9-2
identity, 6-5
radian, 6-5
secant, 6-5
sine, 6-4
tangent, 6-4, 6-5
Hypereutectoid steel, 49-5
Hypergeometric
distribution, 11-5
equation, Gauss, 10-5
Hypersonic travel, 14-15
Hypocycloid, 7-4
Hypoeutectic cast iron, 49-5
Hypoeutectoid steel, 49-5
Hypoid gear, 54-15 (ftn)
Hypotenuse, angle, 6-2
Hypothesis, 20-5
alternative, 11-15
Avogadros, 20-5
null, 11-15
test, 11-15
Hysteresis, 54-3, 64-5 (ftn)
spring, 53-20
I
I-post, 67-5
IBV, 67-5
Ice
point, 64-6 (ftn)
slush, 23-2
ICFM, 41-2
ICGCC plant, 31-8
Icing, preventing coil, 43-9 (fig)
Ideal
air, 21-9
cable, 45-16
combustion reactions, 21-9 (tbl)
efficiency, 28-3
fluid, 14-2
gas, 23-2, 23-16
gas, equation of state, 23-14
gas, properties of, 23-15, 23-16
gas, specific heat of, 23-16
lumped mass, 61-3, 61-4
machine, 22-6
quantities, 21-9
radiator, 37-1
reaction, 20-8
spring, 53-20, 54-2
work, pump, 26-7
yield, 20-8
Idealized elements, 61-1
Idempotent law, set, 11-1
Identity
BAC-CAB, 5-5
hyperbolic, 6-5
law, set, 11-1
logarithm, 3-5
matrix, 4-1
trigonometric, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
Idler
gear, 59-5 (fig)
pulley, 54-17
Ignitable substance, 68-2
Ignition
engine, compression, 28-2
engine, spark, 28-2
temperature, 21-8
Illegitimate error, 64-2
I-31
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - I
I N D E X
I-32
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - I
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Intergranular, 20-19
attack, 20-19
corrosion, 20-19
stress corrosion cracking, 30-2
Interlock sprinkler system, 67-2
Intermediate
column, 53-4
gear, 59-5
metals, law of, 64-7
-pressure turbine, 26-8
temperatures, law of, 64-7, 64-8
Intermittent
duty, 72-14
rating, 28-4
Internal
combustion engine, 28-2
energy, 22-4, 23-5
energy, molar, 23-5
force, 45-2, 45-13, 58-2
friction, angle of, 48-8, 58-6
fuel reforming cycle, 31-8
gear, 59-5
heat gain, 42-5, 43-1
heat generation, 34-15, 34-16
heat source, 42-4, 43-4
rate of return, 74-12
specific energy, 23-5
work, 22-2, 48-6
International standard
atmosphere, A-109
metric conditions, 21-2
Interpolating polynomial, Newtons, 13-3
Interpolation, nonlinear, 13-2, 13-3
Interpolymer, 47-13
Intersection
angle, 7-6, 7-8
line, 2-1, 7-6
set, 11-1
Interval
confidence, 63-16 (ftn)
elevator, 66-4
proof test, 11-9
Intrinsic waste, 68-2
Invar, 47-13
Inventory, 74-37
instantaneous reorder, 74-44 (fig)
supply, 74-36
turnover, 74-35, 74-36
value, 74-37
Inverse
function, 6-4
Laplace transform, 10-6
lever rule, 38-5
matrix, 4-6
-square attractive field, 58-19
-square repulsive field, 58-19
trigonometric operation, 6-4
Inversion
curve, 24-3 (fig)
Fourier, 9-6
point, 24-3
temperature, 24-3 (tbl)
Invert emulsion, 19-2 (ftn)
Inverted bucket steam trap, 16-14
Investment
casting, 65-9
external, 74-13
return on, 74-11, 74-14
risk-free, 74-11
tax credit, 74-25
Involute
gear, 54-11
spur gear, 54-10
Ion
common, effect, 20-12
exchange, 20-21
exchange resin, 20-22
product, 20-15
Ionic concentration, 20-11
Ionization constant, 20-15
IP, 67-5
Iron
allotrope, 49-4
I N D E X
J
J.B. Johnson formula, 53-4
Jack
hydraulic, 15-14
power, 59-1, 59-2
power screws and screw, 59-1, 59-2
Jacketed pipe heat exchanger, 36-10
Janssen
constant, 66-7
equation, 66-7
Jerk, 59-12
geometric, 59-12
Jet
condenser, 26-11 (ftn)
force on blade, 17-35
force on plate, 17-34
propulsion, 17-34
pump, 18-2
Job
cost accounting, 74-36
enlargement, 63-28
enrichment, 63-28
flexibility, 63-28
Jockey pump, 67-7
Johanson equation, 66-7
Johnson procedure, 53-3
Joint (see also type), 45-12, 55-2 (ftn)
axially locked, 55-17
bolted, 55-17
Cardan, 59-18
constant-velocity, 59-18 (ftn)
CV, 59-18
efficiency, 16-10, 53-12, 55-11
flanged, 55-17
lap, bolted, 53-10
method of, 45-14
pressure-actuated, 55-17
probability, 11-3
quality factor, 16-10
splined, 59-18
U-, 59-18
universal, 59-18
welded, efficiency in head, 55-11 (tbl)
welded, efficiency in shell, 55-11 (tbl)
Jominy end-quench test, 49-7
Joukowskys equation, 19-12
Joule, 1-5, A-3
cycle, 29-3
equivalent, 22-1
-Kelvin coefficient, 24-3
-Thomson coefficient, 24-3
Joules
constant, 22-1, 23-6
law, 22-5
Journal, 74-33
bearing, 54-22, 54-25
bearing, frictional loss, 54-25
bearing, loss, 54-25
bearing, nomenclature, 54-25 (fig)
bearing, Raimondi and Boyd
method, 54-26
Judgment factor, 74-2
Jump, 59-13
follower, 59-13
hydraulic, 16-9 (ftn)
Jumper duct, 41-23
Junction, 64-6
Just-suspended speed, 66-17
correlation, 66-17
K
k
-out-of-n system, 11-10
-value, 53-20, 54-2
K
-monel metal, 47-13
waste, 68-3
K-factor, 40-10, 54-2, 67-9
Kalmans theorem, 62-14 (ftn)
Karman-Nikuradse equation, 17-5
Kelvin
-days, 42-6
-days, heating, 42-6
-Planck statement, 24-12
scale, 23-5
Keplers law, 58-20
Kern, 51-13
correlation, 35-9
Kernal, 51-13
Kevlar aramid, 47-20
fiber, 47-20
Killed steel, 47-5
Kilogram, 1-1
Kilowatt
air, 41-6
brake, 28-4, 41-6
hydraulic, 18-8 (tbl)
Kinematic
friction, angle of, 66-7
Stirling engine, 28-13
viscosity, 14-8, 16-7
Kinematics, 57-1
Kinetic
energy, 1-3, 16-1, 22-3
gas theory, 23-17
pump, 18-2
Kinetics, 58-2
reaction, 20-13
reaction, irreversible, 20-13
reaction, reversible, 20-13
Kip, A-3
Kirchhoffs
radiation law, 37-1
voltage law, 72-4
kmol, 20-5
Knives, cutting, 66-9
Knock resistance, 21-6
Knoop test, 48-13
Knudsen number, 1-9 (tbl)
Kolmogorov, Chapman-, equation, 63-34
Korteweg formula, 17-39
Kurtosis, 11-14
excess, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
Kutta-Joukowsky result, 17-41
theorem, 17-41
kVA rating, 72-15
L
L-D process, 47-3
LHo pitals rule, 3-9
L10 bearing, 54-23
Labor
direct, 74-32
variance, 74-36
Laborers lien, 75-5
Ladder
logic diagram, 44-6
rung, 44-6
Lag, thermal, 42-5
Lagging circuit, 72-7
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - L
alpha, 49-4
-based powder, 65-10
beta, 49-4
carbide, 49-5
carbon hypereutectic cast, 49-5
-carbon phase diagram, 49-4
cast, 47-9, 49-5
cast, alloying ingredient, 47-10
delta, 49-4
direct-reduced, 47-5
ductile, grades, 47-10
eutectic cast, 49-5
gamma, 49-4
gray cast, 49-7
hypoeutectic cast, 49-5
loss, 72-18
-making process, direct, 47-5
malleable cast, 49-8
nodular cast, 49-7
pig, 47-3
pipe, A-42
pipe dimensions, A-42
pipe, special pressure classes, A-43
pipe, standard pressure classes, A-42
production, 47-2
pyrite, 47-2 (ftn)
white cast, 49-8
wrought, 47-10
Irradiance, 73-3
Irrational number, 3-1
Irreducible
factor, 74-2
state, 63-35
Irregular
area, 7-1, 7-1 (fig)
boundary, 7-1
Irreversibility, 24-13
Irreversible
compression, 26-7
process, 24-3
reaction, 20-13
ISA nozzle, 17-32 (ftn)
Isenthalpic
curve, 24-3
process, 24-2
Isentropic
closed system, reversible adiabatic, 24-9
compressibility, 14-13, 23-10
compression, 26-7
compression efficiency, 32-2
compression ratio, 28-4
efficiency, pump, 26-7
efficiency, turbine, 26-9
flow, 25-3
flow factor, 25-3, A-105, A-106
pressure, 25-13
pressure ratio, 28-4
process, 24-2, 24-9
steady-flow, 24-9
ISO hydraulic
fluid, 19-3
oils, typical properties, 19-3
Isobar, 23-3
critical, 23-3
Isobaric
compressibility, 23-10
process, 24-2
Isochoric process, 24-2
Isokinetic
sub-, 70-2 (ftn)
super-, 70-2 (ftn)
test, 70-2
Isolated system, 24-2
Isolation
degree of, 60-13
efficiency, 60-13
from active base, 60-15
percent of, 60-13
vibration, 60-12
Isometric
process, 24-2
view, 2-3
Isometry, 7-3
I-33
I-34
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - L
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
areas, 58-20
conservation of energy, 22-1
convection, Newtons, 36-2
cooling, Newtons, 10-10, 34-12
corresponding states, 23-20
cosines, 6-5
cosines, first, 6-6
cosines, second, 6-6
definite proportions, 20-5
Dulong and Petit, 23-7, 23-8
homogeneous circuits, 64-7
induction, Faradays, 17-27
intermediate metals, 64-7
intermediate temperatures, 64-7, 64-8
mass action, 20-13, 20-14
multiple proportions, 20-5
orbits, 58-20
partial pressure, Daltons, 23-18
periods, 58-20
planetary motion, 58-20
sines, 6-5, 6-6
tangents, 6-5
thermodynamics, first, closed
system, 24-4
of thermodynamics, first, open
system, 24-5
of thermodynamics,
second, 23-7 (ftn), 24-12
of thermodynamics, third, 23-6
of thermodynamics, zeroth, 23-4
Ohms, 34-6
Pascals, 15-4
periodic, 20-2
radiation conservation, 37-1
Raoults, 14-16
sets, 11-1
similarity, 18-20
Stefan-Boltzmann, 37-2
Stokes, 17-42
Laws, scaling, 18-20
Lay, 2-4
lang, 66-3
regular, 66-3
wire rope, 66-3
Layer boundary, 16-8 (ftn), 36-2, 36-3
Layered appearance, 49-5
Layout, 63-15
facilities, 63-15
LBL factor, 43-5
lbmol, 20-5
LCC, 44-5
Le Cha teliers
mixing rule, 67-21
principle, 20-12
Leachate, 68-11
generation rate, 68-12
migration, 68-12
recovery, 68-13
treatment, 68-13
Leaching
characteristic, toxicity, 68-2
selective, 20-19
Lead, 68-13
-acid battery, 31-11
angle, 59-2
angle, bolt, 53-14
angle, worm, 54-16
ratio, worm, 54-15
screw, 59-2
worm, 54-15, 54-16
Leading circuit, 72-7
Leaf
set, 54-9
spring, 54-9
Leak
detection, 68-10
point, 26-12 (ftn)
Leakage
area, effective, 43-4
area, equivalent, 43-4 (ftn)
building air, 43-4
class, 41-22
curve, building, 43-4
duct, 41-22
factor, 41-22
normalized, 43-5
ratio, Minneapolis, 43-4
specific, 43-4
Lean-burn engine, 28-11
Learning curve, 74-43
Least
radius of gyration, 50-6
significant bit, 12-1, 12-3
significant digit, 12-1
squares, method of, 11-16
Ledger, account, 74-33
Leduc, Amagat-, rule, 23-18
Left distributive law, 4-4
Leg
pipe, 17-21
system diagram, 61-3
Legendre equation, 10-5
Legionnaires disease, 68-5
LEL, 40-10
Length, 2-2
active wire, 54-6
arc, 57-8
arc, by integration, 9-5
characteristic, 25-9, 34-4,
35-2 (ftn), 36-8 (ftn)
chord, 17-40
conversion, SI, A-3, A-4
crack, 40-5
effective, column, 53-3
effective, V-belt, 54-17
equivalent, 17-12, A-54
equivalent, fittings, A-54
line of action, 54-11
method, crack, 40-5
multiplying factor for
equivalent, 67-13 (tbl)
pitch, V-belt, 54-17
ratio, 17-45
roughness sampling, 2-4
wire, 54-6
Lengths, ratio of perimeter, 70-6
Leptokurtic distribution, 11-14
Lethal substance, 55-4
Letter of agreement, 75-3
Level
acceptance quality, 63-26
confidence, 11-14, 63-16
ground, 61-3
indifference quality, 63-26
neutral pressure, 40-6
OSHA noise action, 73-12
peak, 73-6
significance, 11-14
sound power, 73-7
sound pressure, 73-7
Lever, 45-10, 45-11
effectiveness, 15-14
efficiency, 15-14
modeling, 61-5
ratio, 60-8
rule, 38-5, 49-2
rule, inverse, 38-5
Leverage, 74-35
Lewis
beam strength, 54-13
beam strength theory, 54-13
form factor, 54-13 (ftn)
number, 1-9 (tbl)
Liability
account, 74-33
current, 74-35
in tort, 75-6, 75-7
limited, company, 75-2
Lien
construction, 75-5
laborers, 75-5
materialmans, 75-5
mechanics, 75-5
perfecting, 75-5
suppliers, 75-5
Life
analysis, economical, 74-4
bearing, 54-23
-cycle analysis, 63-28
-cycle cost, 74-15, 74-20
economic, 74-19, 74-20
extension, 29-10
fatigue, 48-9
half-, 20-13
pump, 19-6
rated, 19-6
rating, basic, 54-23
rating, bearing, 54-23
service, 74-20
useful, 74-20
Lifeline rate, 72-7 (ftn)
Lift, 17-39, 59-12
coefficient of, 17-40
rotating cylinders, 17-41
valve, 16-12
Lifter, 59-12
roller, 59-12
Light
damping, 60-9
hazard, 67-2
heat gain from, 42-5
loss factor, 73-4
metal, 20-4
quantity of, 73-2
reflection, 73-4
refracted, 73-4
-sensitive detector, 64-4
-water reactor, 30-1
Lignin, 47-17
Lignite coal, 21-4
Limit, 3-9, 63-22 (ftn)
average outgoing quality, 63-26
class, 11-10
confidence, 11-15
control, 63-22
elastic, 48-3
endurance, 48-9
explosive, 67-21
lower, 9-4
lower explosive, 40-10, 67-21
lower flammable, 67-21
of reinforcement, 55-15, 55-17
proportionality, 48-3
short-term exposure, 40-10
simplifying, 3-9
surge, 32-8
upper, 9-4
upper explosive, 67-21
upper flammable, 67-21
value, threshold, 40-10
viscosity, 54-25
wear design, gear, 54-15
Limited
liability company, 75-2
liability partnership, 75-2
partner, 75-2
partnership, 75-2
Limiting
current, sensor, 64-4
reactant, 20-8
value, 3-9
Limonite, 47-2 (ftn)
Lindane, 68-17
Line, 6-1 (ftn), 7-3
angle between, 6-1
balancing, 63-18
branch, 67-7
centroid of a, 50-3
coil load, 38-8
condition, turbine, 26-9
critical, 49-4
current, 72-11
diagram, 44-6, 61-3
energy, 16-8 (ftn)
energy grade, 16-8, 17-15
equipotential, 17-3
eutectic, 49-3
failure, 52-6
Fanno, 25-15
generating, 54-11
Gerber, 52-7
Goodman, 52-7 (ftn)
Goodman-shear, 52-7
hydraulic grade, 16-8, 17-16
influence, 45-10
intersecting, 2-1
intersection, 7-6
liquidus, 49-1
normal vector, 8-6
of action, 5-1, 45-2, 54-11
of action, length, 54-11
parting, 65-8
perpendicular, 2-1
pressure, 54-11
Rayleigh, 25-20
refrigerant, 33-10
saturated liquid, 23-3
saturated vapor, 23-3
Smith, 52-7 (ftn)
Soderberg, 52-6
solidus, 49-1
straight, 7-4 (fig)
suction, 33-10
tie, 44-6, 49-2
-to-line voltage, 19-6
voltage, 19-6 (ftn)
waiting, 63-6
Lineal, 1-8
measurement, 1-8
Linear, 1-8
acceleration, 57-4
actuator, 19-8
algebra, 4-4 (ftn)
component, 60-2
congruential method, 63-32
damping, 60-9
displacement, 57-3
element, 61-1
equation, 3-6, 3-7
equation, differential, 10-1
equation, graphing, 3-7
equation, reduction, 3-7
equation, simultaneous, 3-6, 3-7
equation, substitution, 3-7
expansion coefficient, 51-3, 51-4
first-order differential, 10-2
force system, 45-4
frequency, 60-3, 72-5
growth rate, 3-11
impulse, 58-14
model, 63-2
momentum, 17-33, 58-2
motion, 57-2
motor, 19-8 (ftn)
natural frequency, 60-3
particle motion, 57-2
polymer, 47-15
programming, 63-12
regression, 11-16
response, 73-6
second-order differential, 10-3
spring, 22-2 (ftn)
system, 57-2
transmissibility, 60-12
variable differential transformer, 64-4
velocity-dependent force, 58-18
watt density, 42-4 (ftn)
Linearity, 10-6
in vibrating systems, 60-2
Lined concrete pipe, 16-10
Liner, 47-20
landfill, 71-17
Lining
brake, 54-18
pipe, 16-11
Link
-and-lever, soldered, 67-9
chain, engineering steel, 59-15
connecting, 59-15
half, 59-15
master, 59-15
I-35
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - L
I N D E X
I-36
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - M
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Loss
and profit statement, 74-34
coefficient, 17-12, 17-13 (tbl), 17-14
coefficient, duct, 41-17
coefficient, method, 41-17
combustion, 21-16
cyclone pressure, 66-14
draft, 21-17
dry flue gas, 21-16
duct friction, 41-14
dynamic, duct fitting, 41-17
electrical machine, 72-18
entrance, culvert, 17-20 (tbl)
evaporation, 39-2
factor, light, 73-4
factor, pulley, 45-11
friction, cyclone, 66-14
friction, sprinkler, 67-12
function, 63-34
head, cyclone, 66-14
infiltration, 42-1
insertion, 73-11
journal bearing, 54-25
journal bearing frictional, 54-25
local, 17-12, A-55
method, 21-17,
minor, 17-12, A-55
-of-coolant accident, 30-2
radiation, 21-16
transmission, 42-1, 73-11
windage, 39-2
zero-length, 41-18
Lost
-wax, process, 65-9
work, 17-4 (ftn)
Lot
quality, 63-25
tolerance percent defective, 63-26
Loudness, 73-4, 73-9
Low
-alloy steel, 47-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
-cycle fatigue, 48-9
excess-air burner, 71-17
-lift safety valve, 16-12
-NOx burner, 29-2, 71-17
-pass filter, 62-10
-pressure air, properties, A-72, A-73,
A-74, A-93, A-94, A-95
-pressure turbine, 26-8
-side equipment, 33-9
-sulfur coal, 21-5
-temperature reservoir, 24-11
-velocity system, 41-21
Lower
bound, 9-4
control limit, 63-23
critical point, 49-4
explosive limit, 40-10, 67-21
flammable limit, 67-21
heating value, 21-14
limit, 9-4
LPG, 21-8
LSB, 12-1
LSD, 12-1
Lubarsky-Kaufman correlation, 36-7
Lubricant, 54-24
viscosity, A-22
Lubrication, 54-24
Lumber, oven dry, 47-17
Lumen, 73-2
method, 73-3
Luminance, 73-3
Luminous
efficiency, 73-2
emittance, 73-2
flux, 73-2
intensity, 73-2
Lump
coal, 21-5
-sum fee, 75-5
Lumped
mass, 61-3
M
M-factor method, 42-5
Mach
angle, 25-11 (ftn)
number, 1-9 (tbl), 14-15, 25-3
wave, 25-11 (ftn)
Machine, 45-20
downwind, 31-4
drop, 60-21
electric, 72-16
hinged, 31-6
ideal, 22-6
pivoted, 31-6
real, 22-6
safeguard, 63-31
two-blade, 31-6
upwind, 31-4
-worker system, 63-30
Machining
abrasive, 65-5
chipless, 65-5
electrochemical, 65-6
laser, 65-6
ultrasonic, 65-6
Maclaurin series, 8-8
MacPherson v. Buick, 75-7 (ftn)
Macrofouling condenser, 26-13
Macroreticular synthetic resin, 20-22
Magmeter, 17-27
Magnaflux, 48-12
Magnaglow, 48-12
Magnesia, 21-3 (ftn), 34-10 (ftn)
Magnetic
flowmeter, 17-27
forming, 65-11
particle testing, 48-12
pulse forming, 65-11
Magnetite, 47-2
Magnetohydrodynamic generator, 31-8
Magnetohydrodynamics, 31-8
Magnification factor, 60-11
Magnus effect, 17-41
Main
cross, 67-7
feed, 67-7
loss coefficient, 41-31
Maintenance
factor, 73-4
/motivational factor, 63-29
preventative, 63-10
Major
axis, 7-11
source, pollution, 68-3
Make-or-break valve, 16-14
Makeup
air fume hood, 40-9
air unit, 41-3
pump, 67-7
water, 20-22
Malleable cast iron, 47-10, 49-8
Malthusian growth, 3-11
Man-machine system, 63-30
Management
by objectives, 63-30
fuel, 30-2
participatory, 63-29
science, 63-1
systems modeling, 63-1
Manager, construction, 75-5
Maney formula, 53-13
Manganese bronze, 47-12 (ftn)
Manifold, 34-21
translucent, 73-4
transparent, 73-4
variance, 74-36
Materialmans lien, 75-5
Mathematical programming, 63-12
Matrix, 4-1
algebra, 4-4
associative law, 4-4
augmented, 4-1
coefficient, 4-6
cofactor, 4-1
column, 4-1
commutative law, 4-4
complex, 4-1
constant, 4-6
control, 62-14
diagonal, 4-1
distributive law, 4-4
division, 4-4
echelon, 4-1
element, 4-1
entry, 4-1
equality of, 4-4
identity, 4-1
inverse, 4-6
multiplication, 4-4
nonsingular, 4-5
null, 4-1
order, 4-1
output, 62-14
rank, 4-5
row, 4-1
row equivalent, 4-2
row-reduced echelon, 4-1
scalar, 4-1
simultaneous equations, 4-6
singular, 4-1, 4-5
skew symmetric, 4-2
square, 4-2
symmetric, 4-2
system, 62-14
transformation, 5-3
transition, 63-34
triangular, 4-2
type, 4-1
unit, 4-2
variable, 4-6
zero, 4-2
Matter
mineral, 21-3
volatile, 21-4
Maturity date, 74-29
MAWP, 55-8
N & C, 55-8
Maxima point, 8-2
Maximum
allowable pressure, new and cold, 55-8
allowable stress, pressure vessel, 55-5
allowable working pressure, 55-8
caliper, 70-4, 70-5
cam performance coefficients, 59-14 (tbl)
capacity, 26-4
continuous power, 29-2
flame temperature, 21-15
fluid velocity, 17-3
heating load, 42-1
normal stress theory, 52-1
point, 8-2
shear stress theory, 48-8, 52-3
sprinkler protection area, 67-11 (tbl)
strain theory, 52-3
stress theory, 52-3
theoretical combustion
temperature, 21-15
value, sinusoid, 72-5
velocity in pipe, 17-3
Maxwell
-Boltzmann distribution, 23-17
relations, 24-6
MBh unit, 34-6 (ftn)
MDOF system, 60-2, 60-19, 61-2
Mean, 11-12, 70-3
area, logarithmic, 34-9
I-37
arithmetic, 11-12
bulk temperature, 36-3
effective pressure, 28-8, 64-14
fourth moment of, 11-14
free path, air, 70-3
free path, gas, 70-3
geometric, 11-12
harmonic, 11-12
radius, geometric, 59-4
speed of a molecule, 23-17
standard error of, 11-14
stress, 48-9, 52-6
temperature difference, correction
factor, A-128, A-129, A-130, A-131
third moment about, 11-14
time before failure, 11-9 (ftn)
time between failures, 63-9
time between forced outages, 63-9
time to failure, 11-9, 63-9
time to repair, 63-9
Measurement
areal, 1-8
board foot, 1-8
flow, 17-26
reliable, 64-2
ton, 1-7
Mechanics lien, 75-5
Mechanical
advantage, 15-14, 45-11
advantage, pulley block, 45-11
bushing, 54-22
compliance, 19-10
efficiency, 28-3
noise, 73-4
seal, 71-18
similarity, 17-45
spring loaded accumulator, 19-6
system, modeling, 61-3
Mechanics
engineering, 45-1
space, 58-21
Mechanism, 45-20
control, 62-14
Media, packing, 71-23
Median, 11-12
Medium
acoustic impedance, 73-6
-carbon steel, 47-6
Megagram, 1-6
Melting point, 49-1 (ftn)
Member
axial, 45-11
force, 45-16
pin-connected, axial, 45-12
redundant, 45-7
rotating, velocity, power, and
torque, 54-10
set, 11-1
three-force, 45-7
two-force, 45-6, 45-12
zero-force, 45-14
Membership interest, 75-3
Membrane, 55-6
proton exchange, 31-8
semipermeable, 14-10
stress, 55-6
stress, general primary, 55-6
Meniscus, 14-12
Mensuration, 7-1, A-7
of area, A-3, A-5
of volume, A-9
three-dimensional, A-9
two-dimensional, A-7
MEP, 64-14
Mer, 47-13, 47-15 (tbl)
Mercury density, 14-3
Merit, figure of, 31-9
Mersenne twister algorithm, 63-32
MERV, 41-23
Mesh, 54-11
efficiency, 54-12
ratio, 59-6
separation, 66-14
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - M
I N D E X
I-38
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - M
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Modes, 60-19
Modified
Fourier number, 34-6
Goodman line, 52-7 (ftn)
Mohr theory, 52-2
Modular ratio, 51-20
Modulation
flow rate, 41-7
pulse duration, 41-8
width-pulse, 41-8
Module, 31-4
digital-to-analog staging, 44-5
digital-to-proportional staging, 44-5
gear, 54-10
Modulus, 3-7, 3-8
apparent, 48-11
Biot, 34-5
bulk, 14-14, 73-5
bulk, water, 14-14
creep, plastics, 48-11
elastic, 48-2
of elasticity, 48-2, 48-4, 51-2
of elasticity, steel, 17-39
of elasticity, temperature
effect, 55-7 (tbl)
of elasticity, shear, 48-8
of resilience, 48-7, 52-4
of rigidity, 48-8
of shear, 48-8
of toughness, 48-7
point bulk, 14-14
secant, 48-4
secant bulk, 14-14
section, 50-7, 51-11
shear, 48-8 (tbl), 51-2
tangent bulk, 14-14
transient, 34-5
Youngs, 48-2, 51-2
Mohrs
circle, 50-8, 51-7
theory, modified, 52-2
theory of rupture, 48-8
Mohs
hardness scale, 48-13 (fig)
scale, 48-13
test, 48-13
Moist air, 38-2
enthalpy of, 38-3
Moisture
content, 23-9
content, constant, 23-10
content, wood, 47-17
level, bed, 21-3
management, mold, 40-8
separator, 30-1
separator reheater, 30-1
mol, 20-5
Molality, 20-10
Molar
enthalpy, 23-4
internal energy, 23-5
property, 23-4
specific heat, 22-4, 23-7
specific volume, 23-5
volume, 20-6
Molarity, 20-10
Mold humidity, 40-8
Molding
gravity, 65-8
injection, 65-10
isostatic, 65-10
permanent, 65-8
plastic, 65-9
sand, 65-8
types, 65-9
Mole, 20-5
fraction, 14-6, 20-10, 20-11, 21-2, 23-18
percent, 14-6
Molecular weight, 20-6
Molecule, 20-1
hydrated, 20-6
mean speed, 23-17
I-39
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - M
I N D E X
I-40
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
N
N
INDEX - N
factor, 43-5
-step transition matrix, 63-34
Nacelle, 31-4
Naked mixed bed unit, 20-24
Nameplate, 55-3 (fig)
motor, 72-13
pressure vessel, 55-3
rating, 18-10
Naphthalene series, 21-2
Napierian logarithm, 3-5
National
Electrical Code, 72-8
Society of Professional
Engineers, 76-1, 76-3
Native copper, 47-12
Natural
abrasive, 47-18
-circulation boiler, 26-4
convection, 35-2
draft, 21-17
frequency, 9-6, 60-3, 62-9
frequency, fluid, 19-12
frequency, fluid power systems, 19-12
frequency, linear, 60-3
frequency of vibration, angular, 60-3
frequency, panel, 73-11
gas, 21-11
gas, standard conditions, 21-2
logarithm, 3-5
response, 62-1
vibration, 60-2
Near-field measurement, 73-6
Nearness priority, 63-15
NEC, 72-8
continuous operation, 72-9
Neck
flange, welding, 55-17
nozzle, 55-14
Necking down, 48-5
Need
hierarchy, 63-28
oxygen, 40-7
Needle
bearing, 54-22
valve, 16-12
Negative
declaration, 68-3
element, 64-7
exponential distribution, 11-9
feedback, 62-4
number, computer representation, 12-4
temperature coefficient, 64-5
Negligence, 75-6
comparative, 75-6
Nelson diagram, 55-4
NEMA motor size, 18-10, 72-13
Nephrotoxin, 63-27
Nernst theorem, 23-6
Nested spring, 54-6
Net, 26-1
air-to-cloth ratio, 71-5
electrical output, 26-3
filtering area, 71-5
filtering velocity, 71-5
heating value, 21-14
inlet pressure required, 18-14 (ftn)
net filtering velocity, 71-5
positive inlet pressure, 18-2 (ftn)
positive suction head, 18-14
radiation heat transfer, 37-3
rating, 21-17
stack temperature, 21-14
strains, 64-11
tension, 54-16
transport theory, 34-2
work, 24-11, 26-9 (ftn)
Network
pipe, 17-24
polymer, 47-15
Neurotoxin, 63-27
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
Neutral
axis, 51-11
equilibrium, 58-2
flame, 65-12 (fig)
position, 44-5
pressure level, 40-6
solution, 20-11, 20-12
zone, 41-4
Neutralization, 20-12, 71-25
Neutralizing amine, 20-23
Neutron
embrittlement, 30-2
gaging, 48-12
radiography, 48-12
Newton, 1-1, 1-5
form, 13-3 (ftn)
Newtons
first law of motion, 58-4
gravitational constant, 58-20
interpolating polynomial, 13-3
law of convection, 36-2
law of cooling, 10-10, 34-12
law of gravitation, 58-20
law of viscosity, 14-6, 14-7
method, 13-2, 34-12, 34-13 (ftn)
notation, 8-1
second law, 58-4
third law of motion, 58-5
universal constant, 58-20
Newtonian
fluid, 14-2, 14-7
inertial frame of reference, 57-10
method, 34-12
non-, viscosity, 17-12
Nichrome, 47-13
Nickel, 47-13
alloy, 47-13
-metal hydride battery, 31-11
silver, 47-12 (ftn)
Nikuradse equation, 17-5
Nilvar, 47-13
NIMBY syndrome, 68-14
Nines complement, 12-3
Nip, angle of, 66-9
Nit, 73-3 (ftn)
Nitric oxide, 68-14
Nitriding, 49-10
Nitrogen
dioxide, 68-14
oxide, 68-14
oxygen-free, 19-8 (ftn)
-oxygen ratio, 21-8
Nitrous oxide, 68-14 (ftn)
No-boiler incinerator, 71-14
Noble gas, 20-4
Nocturnal radiation, 37-7
Node, 7-2, 60-19, 63-3
vibration, 60-19
Nodular cast iron, 47-9, 49-7
Noise, 73-4
action level, OSHA, 73-12
background, 73-4
criteria curve, 73-9
dose, 73-12
dosimeter, 73-12
duct, 41-31
fan, 41-31
impact, 73-4
impulse, 73-4
mechanical, 73-4
meter, 73-6
reduction, 73-11
reduction coefficient, 73-10
reduction rating, 73-12
spectrum, 73-9
structure-borne, 73-4
white, 73-4
Nominal
damages, 75-7
dimension, pipe, 16-10
interest rate, 74-28
strength, 53-2
system voltage, 72-5 (ftn)
M A N U A L
O
Objective function, 63-2, 63-12
Oblique
axis, 2-2
compression shock wave, 25-13
expansion shock wave, 25-13, 25-14
impact, 58-18
perspective, 2-3
shock wave, 25-11
triangle, 6-5
view, 2-2
Obliquity, angle of, 54-11
Observability system, 62-14
Obstruction meter, 17-26
Obtuse angle, 6-1
Occupancy diversity, ventilation, 40-4
I-41
Occupant
approximate heat
generation by, 40-8 (tbl)
zone, 40-3
Ocean thermal energy conversion, 31-6
Octagon properties, A-7, A-8
Octahedral shear stress theory, 52-5
Octal
number system, 12-2
system, 12-2
Octane number, 21-6
Octave, 62-10, 73-8
band, 73-8
rule, 60-19
Odd symmetry, 7-4, 9-7 (tbl)
Odor, 68-16
removal, 40-7
removal, ventilation, 40-7
Off
-bottom suspension, 66-17
-gas, 71-23
Offer, 75-3
Offset, 44-2, 59-15
follower, 59-12
link chain, 59-15
parallel, 48-3
sidebar chain, 59-15
Offshoring, 76-4
Ohm, acoustic, 73-6
Ohms law, 34-6, 72-3, 72-6
Oil
Bunker C, 21-6
crankcase, 54-24
cutting, 65-4
distillate, 21-6
engine, 54-24
fuel, 21-6
gear, 54-24
hydraulic designation, 19-3
residual fuel, 21-6
spill, 68-17
viscosity of common
lubricating, 54-24 (fig)
Oily condition, 58-6
Olefin series, 21-2
Oligomer, 47-14
On-bottom suspension, 66-17
Once-through
boiler, 26-1, 26-4
cooling water, 68-8
One
-for-one plan, 63-20
-step transition matrix, 63-34
-tail confidence limit, 11-15
-way moment, 51-8 (ftn)
-way shear, 51-8 (ftn)
Ones complement, 12-4
Opacity, smoke, 68-20
Opaque material, 73-4
Open
and crossed belt drives, 54-16 (fig)
-center-power-beyond valve, 19-3
-center valve, 19-3
channel, flow, nomograph, A-57
circuit, electrical, 72-2
combustor, 29-4
-cycle OTEC plant, 31-6
die forging, 65-7
drive, 54-16
feedwater heater, 26-14 (fig)
hearth furnace, 47-5 (fig)
hearth process, 47-4
heater, 26-14
-loop gain, 62-4
-loop recovery, 71-4
-loop transfer function, 62-4
manometer, 15-3
normally (NO), 44-1
system, 24-1
window unit, 73-10
Opening
pad reinforcement, 55-15 (fig)
pressure, 55-20
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - O
I N D E X
I-42
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - P
reinforcement, 55-14
unreinforced and reinforced,
area, 55-16 (tbl)
Operating
characteristic curve, 63-25
differential, 44-2
expense, 74-32
point, compressor, 32-8
point, fan, 41-9
point, pump, 18-17
pressure, 55-8
pressure, pressure vessel, 55-8
Operation
cold- and hot-working, 65-6
factor, 26-16
hybrid throttle pressure, 26-17 (ftn)
inverse trigonometric, 6-4
point of, 41-9
shearing, 65-6
sliding pressure, 26-17
steady-state, 11-9, 37-6
unit, 26-1
Operational form, log, 3-5
Operations
balancing, 56-2
on complex numbers, 3-8
research, 63-1
Operator, 44-1
Opportunity cost, 74-18
Opposite side, angle, 6-2
Optical
density, 68-20
holography, 48-13
particle counter, automatic, 70-4
Optimal coordinated, 26-17
Optimum staging, 32-7
Orbit
eccentricity, 58-21
geostationary, 58-20
law of, 58-20
Order
conscious, 11-2
differential equation, 10-1
matrix, 4-1
of the reaction, 20-13
of the system, 61-2, 62-4
Ordinary hazard, 67-2
group 1 (OH-1), 67-2
group 2 (OH-2), 67-2
Ordinate, 7-2
Organic
compound, volatile, 68-22
finish, 65-14
matter, biodegradable, 68-22
peroxide, 47-15
precursor, 68-21
sulfur, 21-4
Organochlorine pesticide, 68-17
Organophosphate, 68-17
Orientation, angular, 5-1
Orifice, 17-16, 26-13
choked flow time, 25-15
coefficient, 17-17 (tbl)
coefficient, choked flow, 25-15
constant, sprinkler, 67-9
discharge coefficient, 67-9
discharge versus static
pressure, 67-10 (fig)
double, air valve, 16-14
flow through, 19-9
gas flow through, 19-10 (fig)
large, 17-18
meter, 17-30 (fig)
plate, 17-30
restricted, 67-5
Orsat apparatus, 21-12
Orthogonal, 7-2
cutting, 65-2
vector, 5-3
view, 2-1
Orthographic
oblique view, 2-3
view, 2-1, 2-2
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
P
P
-chart, 11-16, 63-22, 63-24 (ftn)
-sequence, 3-11
-series, 3-12
-waste, 68-3
p-h diagram, 23-12
p-V
diagram, 24-4
plane, 24-4
work, 22-3, 22-4, 23-5, 24-4, 24-6
Pace value, 30-2
Package unit, 41-3
Packed tower, 71-3, 71-23
Packing, 39-1
height of, 71-24
media, 71-23
tower, 39-1
Pad, 55-15
brake, 54-18
reinforcement of an opening, 55-15 (fig)
Paddle
impeller, 66-18
velocity, relative, 66-18
wheel fan, 41-6
Pain, threshold of, 73-4
Paint, pipe, 16-11
Painting, 65-14
Pair
conjugate pole, 62-9
pole, 62-8
Palmgren-Miner cycle ratio summation
formula, 52-8
Pan method, evaporative, 40-7
Panel, 45-12
coil exchanger, 36-12
natural frequency, 73-11
resonant frequency, 73-11
shear, 46-12
Truss, 45-12
Panhandle formula, 17-10
Pappus-Guldinus theorems, 50-3
Pappus theorems, 9-5
Parabola, 7-10 (fig)
formula, A-7
Parabolic
axis, 7-10
cable, 45-17
cam profile, 59-12
column formula, 53-4
Paraboloid of revolutions, A-9
Paradox
DAlemberts, 17-2 (ftn)
hydrostatic, 15-4
Paraffin series, 21-2
Parallel
axis theorem, 50-4, 56-2
circuit, electrical, 72-4
element, 61-2
solar system, 31-2 (ftn)
system, 62-11
Path
critical, 63-3
flanking, 73-10
function, 24-4
process, 24-4
Pattern master, 65-9
Payback period, 74-38
PCB, 68-17
PCD, 41-13
PCVS, 67-5
PD pumps, 18-2
Pea coal screening, 21-5
Peak
cylinder pressure, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
demand multiplier, 72-7
-discharge compartment, 68-19
firing pressure, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
flame temperature, 68-15
gain, 62-2
level, 73-6
load service, elevator, 66-4
stress, 55-6
time, 62-2
Peaking unit, 26-16
Pearlite, 49-5
Pearsons
kurtosis, 11-14
skewness, 11-14
Peclet number, 36-2
Pedestal post, 67-5
Peel strength, 65-13
Peening, shot-, 49-10
Peltier effect, 64-7 (ftn)
Pelton wheel, 18-21
Pendant sprinkler, 67-9
Pendulum, 58-3
ballistic, 58-3
torsional, 60-5
Penetration, 71-9, 71-21
air, ultra-low, 40-11
Penstock, 18-23
Pentagon properties, A-7, A-8
Per diem fee, 75-5
Percentage
atomic, 49-1
clearance, 32-3
composition, 20-7
elongation, 48-6
elongation at failure, 48-6
humidity, 38-2
mole, 14-6
of construction cost, fee, 75-5
of isolation, 60-13
yield, 20-8, 20-9
Percentile, 11-12
rank, 11-12
Perfect
gas, 23-16
intercooling, 32-7
reaction, 20-8
spring, 54-2
Perfecting a lien, 75-5
Perforated plate grille, 41-24
Performance
coefficient of, 33-3
curve, pump, 18-16
effect of noncondensing gases on power
cycle, 26-12 (fig)
factor, 38-11, 63-16
function, 11-9
number, 21-7
rating factor, 63-16
standard, 63-20
Perigee, 58-21
Perihelion, 58-21
Perimeter
diameter, 70-4
-free shape factor, 70-6
lengths, ratio of, 70-6
wetted, 16-5
I-43
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - P
I N D E X
I-44
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - P
Photochemical
reaction, 68-17
smog, 68-20
Photoconductive devices, 64-4 (ftn)
Photoelectric effect, 64-4
Photoemissive devices, 64-4 (ftn)
Photogenerative, 64-4 (ftn)
Photometer, 70-4
Photosensitive
conductor, 64-5
resist, 65-6
Photosensor, 64-4
Photovoltaic, 64-4 (ftn)
cell, 31-4, 64-4
Physical
inventory, 74-37
strain, 48-5
stress, 48-5
Physiological basis of sound, 73-4
Pi-group, 1-10
PI, 67-5
control, 44-5
Pick-off point, 62-4
Pickling, 65-8, 65-14
Pickup, 64-3 (ftn), 64-4
load, 42-5
vibration, 60-21
Pictorial drawing, 2-2 (ftn)
PID control, 44-5
Piece-rate, 63-20
Piecework, 63-20
Pier, 51-12, 53-2
Piercing the corporate veil, 75-3
Piezoelectric, 47-18
effect, 15-2, 64-4
transducer, 64-4
Piezometer
ring, 15-2 (ftn)
tube, 15-2
Pig iron, 47-3
Pile
bulk storage, 66-5
burning, 26-3
conical, 66-6 (fig)
shape, 66-6 (fig)
wedge, 66-6 (fig)
Pin-connected axial member, 45-12
fin, 34-18
Pinch point, 29-8
Pinion, 54-11, 59-16
planet, 59-6
sprocket, 59-16
vs. gear, 54-11
Pinned support, 45-7
Pipe
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, 67-4
annealed, 67-3
bend, 17-36 (fig)
bend, force on, 17-36
black, 16-10
black steel, 67-3
branch, 17-21
capillary action heat, 34-23
cast-iron, A-42
cast-iron dimensions, A-42
chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride (CPVC), 67-4, A-36
circular, A-28
class, 16-10
coating, 16-11
coefficient, 16-8
concrete, A-40, A-41
concrete sewer dimensions, A-40, A-41
copper, 67-3
copper, temper, 67-3
CPVC dimensions, A-36
crossover, 26-8
culvert, 17-19 (fig)
dimensions, ductile iron, A-43
drawn temper, 67-3
ductile dimensions, A-42
ductile iron, A-42
entrance, 17-13
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
exit, 17-13
factor, 16-8
for fluid power, 19-4
friction, 17-14
hard, 67-3
Hazen-Williams constants, A-48
heat, 34-22
insulated, 34-9
insulation, 34-10
insulation to prevent freezing, 34-11
insulation to prevent sweating, 34-11
lap-welded, 65-13
leg, 17-21
lined concrete, 16-10
loop, 17-21
manufacture, 65-13
material, 16-9
maximum velocity in, 17-3
network, 17-24
parallel, 17-21
plastic, 67-4
polyethylene, 67-4
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 16-10, A-36,
A-37, A-38, A-39
pressure rating, 19-4
pressure vessel, 55-18
prestressed concrete, 16-10
prestressed concrete cylinder, 16-10
PVC dimensions, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
reinforced concrete, 16-10
schedule, 67-6
seamless, 65-13 (fig)
series, 17-20
soft, 67-3
special pressure classes, ductile iron, A-43
specific roughness, A-48
specifications, 16-10
standard pressure classes, A-42
standards, 16-10
steel, 16-11, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32,
A-33, A-34, A-35
steel dimensions, A-29, A-30, A-31, A-32,
A-33, A-34, A-35
steel, modulus of elasticity, 17-39
stiffness, 16-11
system, multiloop, 17-24
thermo-siphon heat, 34-22, 34-23 (fig)
truss, 16-10
wall thickness, 19-4
Pipelines, submerged, 15-16
Piping, 21-19, 66-6
geometry factor, 17-14
symbols, A-44
Piston displacement, 32-3
Pit
ash, 21-3
post, 67-5
Pitch, 18-4, 58-2, 59-2
angle, 54-15
axial, 54-13
base, 54-10
chain, 59-16
circle, 54-10
circle velocity, 54-10
circle velocity, spur gear, 54-10
circular, 54-10, 54-12, 54-13
circular blade, 18-4
coil, 54-6
cone, 54-15
cone angle, 54-15
control, blade, 41-7
diametral, 54-10
helix, 7-12
length, V-belt, 54-17
-limited, WECS, 31-5
longitudinal, 36-8
normal, 54-10
normal circular, 54-12, 54-13
normal diametral, 54-13
point, 54-10
spring, 54-6
transverse, 36-8
transverse circular, 54-12, 54-13
Pitot
-static gauge, 17-28 (fig)
tube, 16-5, 25-22
Pitting, 20-19
resistance, gear, 54-14
Pivoted machine, 31-6
Plain
bearing, 54-22
carbon steel, 47-5
end, 54-5
Plaintiff, 75-6
Plan, 63-20, 63-25
PLAN
formula, 28-8
view, 2-2
wage incentive, 63-20
Planar view, 2-2
Plane, 7-6
angle, 6-1
complex, 3-7
friction bearing, 54-22
motion, 57-12
of motion, 58-2
s, 62-8
sandwiched, 34-7
tangent, 8-5
Planet, 59-6
carrier, 59-6
gear, 59-6
pinion, 59-6
Planetary gear, 59-6
set, 59-6
Planimeter, 2-4
Plant, 62-13
closed-cycle, 31-6
factor, 26-16
heat rate, 26-5
hydroelectric generating, 18-23
layout, 63-15
location problem, 63-14
open-cycle, 31-6
power, electrical rating, 26-1
power, thermal rating, 26-1
resource-recovery, 71-14
tidal power, 31-6
wave power, 31-6
Plasma, 23-2 (ftn)
diode, 31-9
incineration, 71-17
Plastic, 68-18
behavior, 51-2 (ftn)
biodegradable, 68-18
compostable, 68-18
degradable, 68-18
design method, 53-2
duct, 41-14
hinge, 51-19
impact, 58-17
material, 14-7
molding, 65-9
phenolic, 47-15
pipe, 16-9, 67-4
strain, 48-3
tests on, 48-11
types, 68-18
waste, 68-18
Plate
absorber, 31-2
-and-frame heat exchanger, 36-12
cam, 59-12
clutch, 54-20, 54-21
exchanger, 36-12
flat, 53-19
flat, flow over, 36-3
flat, heat generation, 34-16
flat, uniform pressure, 53-20
jet force on, 17-34
orifice, 17-30
perforated, grille, 41-24
-type element, 55-3
-type heat exchanger, 36-12
vibration, 60-17
Plateau, 49-2
I-45
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - P
I N D E X
I-46
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - P
conversions, 22-6
cruise, 29-2
curve, 48-5
cutting, 65-3
cycle, 24-11
cycle performance, effect of
noncondensing gases, 26-12 (fig)
cycle, nuclear, 30-1
cycle, solar, 31-3
cycle, vapor, 27-1
density, ESP, 71-9, 71-10
design, 58-7 (ftn)
electrical, 72-3, 72-6, 72-7
emissive, 37-1
engine, 28-3
factor, 18-10, 72-7, 72-9
fan, 41-6
fluid, 19-2
friction, 18-9, 28-3
friction, fan, 41-8
full military, 29-2
-generating elements, typical
integration, 26-2 (fig)
hydraulic, 18-7, 19-2
hydraulic resistance, 19-9
indicated, 28-3
jack, 59-1, 59-2
law, 1/7, 16-8
-law model, 17-12
law, viscosity, 17-12
maximum continuous, 29-2
military, 29-2
number, 66-18
of the test, 11-15
phase, 72-11
pipe, 19-4
plant, electrical rating, 26-1
plant, thermal rating, 26-1
pump, 18-2, 18-7
rail, 44-6
screw, 59-2
screw and screw jack, 59-1, 59-2
screw thread, 59-2 (fig)
series, 8-8
specific, battery, 31-10
specific, flywheel, 59-3
spring, 54-9 (ftn)
stroke, 28-2
system, filter, 19-6
system, strainer, 19-6
tidal, 31-6
-to-heat ratio, 29-9
ton of explosive, 1-7
-tower system, 31-3
transmission belt, 54-17
turbine, 17-36, 18-22, 26-9
vs. torque, 54-10
water, 18-7
wave, 31-6
wind, 31-4
Powerhouse, 18-23
ppm
concentration, 67-21
gas, 67-21
Prandtl number, 1-9 (tbl), 35-2, 36-2
Prandtls boundary layer theory, 17-44
Preaction
sprinkler system, 67-2
valve, 67-2, 67-3
Precedence
relationship, 63-3
table, 63-3
Prechamber, 28-3
Precharge gas pressure, 19-7
Precipitation, 20-10
-hardened stainless steel, 47-8 (ftn)
hardening, 47-8 (ftn), 47-11 (ftn), 49-9
rate, 71-9
softening, 20-21
Precipitator, electrostatic, 71-8
Precise estimate, 64-2
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
flow, 16-5
fluid, 14-2
friction, 41-8, 41-14
from gas, 15-12
gage, 14-3, 15-2
gauge, Bourdon, 15-2
grille, 41-30
head, 18-6 (ftn)
hopper, 66-7
hydrostatic, 15-4
indicated mean effective, 28-3, 28-8
intensifier, 32-2
isentropic, 25-13
level, neutral, 40-6
line, 54-11
loss, cyclone, 66-14
loss, duct, 41-14, 41-17
-maintenance pump, 67-7
maximum allowable working, 55-8
mean effective, 28-8, 64-14
measurement, 15-1
-measuring devices, 15-2
meter, 14-2 (ftn)
mode, variable, 26-17
multiple liquid, 15-12
new and cold, maximum allowable, 55-8
normal, 67-14
of a gas, partial, 23-18
on a dam, 15-11
on curved surface, 15-10
on plane surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8
opening, 55-20
operated relief valve, 67-3
operating, 55-8
operating, pressure vessel, 55-8
operation, hybrid throttle, 26-17 (ftn)
operation, sliding, 26-17
orifice discharge versus static, 67-10
osmotic, 14-10
partial, 23-18
peak cylinder, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
peak firing, 28-8 (ftn), 28-9 (ftn)
popping, 55-20
pouring, 65-9 (ftn)
precharge gas, 19-7
rating, pipe, 19-4, 67-4
rating, tube, 19-4
ratio, 23-11, 28-12, 32-1, 66-7
ratio, critical, 25-4
ratio, design, 25-5
ratio, isentropic, 28-4
reduction valve, 19-3
register, 41-30
relief device, 16-12
relief valve, 17-39, 55-20
resistance, 41-8
saturation, 14-9
set-point, 55-20
setting, 55-20
stagnation, 40-6
standard temperature and, 21-2
start-to-leak, 55-20
static, 41-3, 67-14
surface, 15-6, 15-7, 15-8, 15-9, 15-10
terminal, 41-30
test, hydrostatic, 55-20
total, 16-2, 23-18, 41-3
transverse, 17-28
uniform, clutch, 54-21
unit, 14-2 (fig)
vapor, 14-9, 38-2
variable throttle, 26-17
velocity, 40-6, 41-3
vessel, 55-2
vessel, allowable stress, 55-5
vessel design pressure, 55-8
vessel, effective allowable stress, 55-12
vessel, impact test, 55-7
vessel, material, 55-4
vessel, nameplate, 55-3
vessel, nozzle, 55-3
vessel operating pressure, 55-8
vessel, parts, 55-4 (fig)
Problem, 63-12
initial value, 10-1
mixing, 10-8
three-reservoir, 17-22
Procedure
indoor air quality, 40-2
Johnson, 53-3
ventilation rate, 40-2
Process
absorption, 71-2
adiabatic, 24-2
adiabatic saturation, 38-10
air, 40-1 (ftn)
air conditioning, 38-6
annealing, 49-9
Aston, 47-10
base exchange, 20-21
Bayer, 47-11
Bessemer, 47-3
Byers, 47-10
constant pressure, 24-2
constant temperature, 24-2
constant volume, 24-2
control, HVAC, 44-1
control, statistical, 11-16
cost accounting, 74-36
direct iron-making, 47-5
dissolved oxygen, 47-3
gasification, 29-2
Hall-Heroult, 47-11
ion exchange, 20-21
irreversibility, 24-13
irreversible, 24-3
isenthalpic, 24-2
isentropic, 24-2, 24-9
isobaric, 24-2
isochoric, 24-2
isometric, 24-2
isothermal, 24-2
L-D, 47-3
layout, 63-15
Linz-Donawitz, 47-3
lost-wax, 65-9
manufacturing, 65-1
Markov, 63-34
normalizing, 49-6
open hearth, 47-4
oxygen, 47-3
polytropic, 19-8, 24-2
puddling, 47-10
quasiequilibrium, 24-2
quasistatic, 24-2
reduced-coke, 47-5
reversible, 24-3
size reduction, 66-9
steady-flow, 32-4
steam, 29-8, 29-9
tempering, 49-6
thermodynamic, type, 24-2
throttling, 24-2, 24-3, 24-10
total heat removal, 43-7 (fig)
transport, 24-2
types of, 24-2
waste, 68-2
zeolite, 20-21
Prochloraz, 68-18
Producer
gas, 21-8 (ftn)
risk, 11-14
Producers
acceptance risk, 63-25
risk, 63-26
Product, 20-7
cross, 45-3
dot, 5-3
ion, 20-15
layout, 63-15
mixed triple, 5-4, 5-5
of inertia, 50-7, 56-2
scalar, 5-5
solubility, 20-16
standard, 63-15
triple cross, 5-5
I-47
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - P
I N D E X
I-48
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - R
intensive, 23-4
liquid-vapor mixture, 23-13
metallic, 20-2
metals, 47-1, A-103
mixtures, 23-18, 23-19
molar, 23-4
MSW, typical nationwide, 68-14 (tbl)
nonmetals, A-103
nonreacting, ideal gas
mixtures, 23-18, 23-19
of air, 19-8
of clutch and brake materials, 54-19 (tbl)
of foodstuffs, composition, 34-5 (tbl)
of foodstuffs, thermal, A-114 (tbl)
of ideal gas, 23-15, 23-16
of roller chain, 59-15 (tbl)
of saturated liquids, 23-13
of saturated vapors, 23-14
of solids, 23-12
of subcooled liquids, 23-12
of superheated vapor, 23-14
of timing belt materials, 54-19 (tbl)
of typical spring material, 54-3 (tbl)
personal, 74-20
psychrometric chart, 38-5
real, 74-20
reduced, 23-20
residential, 74-20
solids, A-103
solutions, 20-10
specific, 23-4
stagnation, 25-3 (ftn)
standard steel link chain, 59-16 (tbl)
static, 25-3 (ftn)
table, 23-10
thermal, A-103
throat, 25-5
total, 25-2
triple point, 23-8
typical spring material, 54-4 (tbl)
water, A-16, A-17
weld groups, A-153
Propiconaone, 68-18
Proportional
action, 44-5
action with automatic reset, 44-5
plus integral control (PI), 44-5
plus integral plus derivative
control (PID), 44-5
region, 48-3
strain, 48-3
Proportionality limit, 48-3
Proportions, law of
definite, 20-5
multiple, 20-5
Propped cantilever beam, 46-1
Proprietorship
single, 75-1
sole, 75-1
Propulsion, jet, 17-34
Protection
area, 67-10
area, sprinkler, 67-10
freeze, 44-2
overpressure, 55-20
Protective device, hearing, 73-12
Protocol, Montreal, 33-2
Proton exchange membrane, 31-8
Prototype, 17-45
Proximate analysis, 21-2
Proximity
displacement tranducer, 60-21
probe, 60-21
Pseudo
-random number, 63-32
-static deflection, 60-11
Pseudocomponent, 14-16 (ftn)
Pseudoplastic fluid, 14-7
psid, 14-3
Psych chart (see Psychrometric chart)
Psychrometer sling, 38-10
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Psychrometric, 38-1
chart, 38-4, A-137, A-138, A-139, A-140
chart properties, 38-5
Public
corporation, 75-2
dealing with, 76-3
Puddling (iron), 47-10
Puffing, 71-10
Pull
allowable, 59-15
-through exchanger, floating-head, 36-12
Pulley, 45-11, 54-17
advantage, 45-11
block, mechanical advantage, 45-11
efficiency, 45-11
fixed, 45-11
foot, 66-11
free, 45-11
head, 66-11
idler, 54-17
loss factor, 45-11
variable pitch, 41-8
Pulsation
damper, 18-2
stabilizer, 18-2
Pulse, 61-2
duration modulation, 41-8
shock, 60-20
-width modulation, 41-8
Pulverized-coal furnace, 26-3
Pulverizing, 66-9
Pump, 17-14, 18-2, 26-6
centrifugal, 18-2
characteristics, 18-2, 18-12
churn, 67-8
compression, 26-7 (fig)
condition, line, 26-6, 26-7
drip, 26-15
efficiency, 18-9, 26-6, 26-7
efficiency, isentropic, 26-7
fire fighting, 67-7
fluid power, 19-5
head added, 17-15
heat, 33-3
homologous, 18-13
isentropic efficiency, 26-7
jockey, 67-7
life, 19-6
makeup, 67-7
mixed-flow, 18-4 (ftn)
nonclog, 18-5
overall efficiency, 18-9
overload, 67-8
performance curve, 18-16
positive displacement, 19-5
power, 18-7
power factors, sludge, 18-5
power, sludge, 18-5
power vs. specific gravity, 18-5
pressure-maintenance, 67-7
rated capacity, 67-8
rated head, 67-8
sewage, 18-4
shaft loading, 18-11
shutoff, 67-8
similarity, 18-20
sludge, 18-5
velocity ratio, 18-3
vertical submersible turbine, 67-7
wastewater, 18-5
work, actual and ideal, 26-7
Pumping
hydrocarbon, 18-21
other liquids, 18-20
Pumps
in parallel, 18-18
in series, 18-18
PD, 18-2
Punch press, 59-3
Punching, 65-7
Punitive damages, 75-6, 75-7
Purchase order, 75-3
Pure
condensing, 26-12 (ftn)
humidification, 38-7
substance, phases, 23-2
tone, 73-4
translation, 58-2
PV cell, 31-4
PVC pipe, 16-9, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
dimensions, A-36, A-37, A-38, A-39
Pyramid, rectangular, 66-5 (fig)
Pyritic sulfur, 21-4
Pyrolysis, 68-18
Pythagorean theorem, 6-2
Pe clet number, 1-9 (tbl)
Q
Quad (unit), 22-1
Quadplex chain, 59-17
Quadrants, 6-3
signs of functions, 6-3
Quadratic equation, 3-3, 7-9
Quality, 23-9
acceptance plan, 63-25
break-even, 74-38 (fig)
circle, 63-30
control, 63-22
control circle, 63-30
factor, 62-10
factor, joint, 16-10
lot, 63-25
of boiler feedwater, 20-23
Quantitative business analysis, 63-1
Quantity
economic order, 74-43
ideal, 21-9
of light, 73-2
stoichiometric, 21-9
Quarter
-bridge, 64-11
-wave symmetry, 9-7 (tbl)
Quartile, 11-12
Quartz, 47-18
-crystal transducer, 15-2
Quasiequilibrium, 24-2
process, 24-2
Quasistatic process, 24-2
Quenching, 49-6
Queue, 63-6
Queuing theory, 63-6
Quick ratio, 74-35
R
R
-control chart, 11-16, 63-22
-value, 34-4
R-12
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-79,
A-82, A-98
saturated, properties, A-75, A-76, A-80,
A-81, A-96, A-97
superheated, properties, A-77, A-78
R-134a (see also HFC-134a), A-83
R-22
pressure-enthalpy diagram, A-101
saturated, properties, A-99, A-100
Race
bearing, 54-22
tail, 18-24
Rad, 6-1 (ftn)
Radial
cam, 59-12
clearance, 54-25
component, 57-9
conduction, composite cylinder, 34-9
conduction, hollow cylinder, 34-9
conduction, spherical shell, 34-12
distance, 70-3
duct system, 41-13
fan, 41-6
flow impeller, 18-4, 66-18
I-49
air-to-cloth, 71-5
amplitude, 60-11, 60-19
aspect, 17-40
aspect, duct, 41-17
aspect, particle, 70-5
back work, 29-5
benefit-cost, 74-16
beta, 17-29
chip thickness, 65-2
circulation, 29-8
coil sensible heat, 43-7
common, 3-11
compression, 28-2, 28-5, 28-11,
28-12, 32-4
compression, isentropic, 28-4
contact, 54-11
corona current, 71-9
corona power, 71-9
critical, 25-4
critical back pressure, 25-12
critical density, 25-4
critical pressure, 25-4
critical temperature, 25-4
current, 74-35
cut-off, 28-11, 28-12
damping, 60-9
design pressure, 25-5
dimension, 67-4
eccentricity, bearing, 54-25
effective sensible heat, 38-7
elongation, 70-5
endurance, 48-9
energy efficiency, 22-6 (ftn), 33-3, 43-2
error, 62-4
fatigue, 48-9
feedback, 62-4
filter, 71-5
first critical pressure, 25-13
fuel-air, 28-3
gear, 59-6, 59-16
grand sensible heat, 38-7, 43-7
gross air-to-cloth, 71-5
humidity, 38-2
induction, 41-30
isentropic compression, 28-4
isentropic pressure, 28-4
lead, worm, 54-15
length, 17-45
lever, 60-8
liquid-gas, venturi scrubber, 71-21
loading, 66-8
material-air, 66-8
mesh, 59-6
modular, 51-20
net air-to-cloth, 71-5
nitrogen-oxygen, 21-8
of compression, 32-4 (ftn)
of concentration, 39-3
of exceedance, 11-12
of perimeter lengths, 70-6
of specific heat, 15-13, 25-4
of specific heats, 23-8
of transformation, 72-6
Palmgren-Miner cycle, 52-8
Poissons, 48-4
power-to-heat, 29-9
pressure, 23-11, 28-12, 32-1, 66-7
pressure, isentropic, 28-4
price-earnings, 74-36
primary feedback, 62-4
radius-to-diameter, 41-19
room sensible heat, 43-6, 43-8
room sensible heat ratio, 38-7
saturation, 38-2
seasonal energy efficiency, 43-5
second critical pressure, 25-13
sensible heat, 38-7, 43-6
sensible heat ratio, coil, 38-7
sensible-total, 38-7
slenderness, 53-3
speed, 59-6, 59-16
spray, 38-10
standard dimension, 67-4
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - R
I N D E X
I-50
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - R
stress, 66-7
test, 3-12
third critical pressure, 25-13
throw, 41-30
train, 59-6
turndown, 26-3, 26-14
velocity, 59-6, 59-16
velocity, gear, 54-11
volume, 23-11
Rational
function, 62-3
number, 3-1
Rationalization, 3-8
Ray, 6-1 (ftn)
Rayl unit, 73-6
Rayleigh
equation, 60-16 (ftn)
flow, 25-20
flow factors, A-108
line, 25-20
number, 35-3
-Ritz equation, 60-16 (ftn)
Rayleighs method, 60-8
Reactance, 72-5
capacitive, 72-6
fluid, 19-12
Reactant, 20-7
limiting, 20-8
Reaction, 45-7, 49-3 (tbl)
chemical, 20-7
combustion, 21-9
determinate, 45-8
dynamic, 58-5 (ftn)
endothermic, 20-18
enthalpy of, 20-17, 20-18
equilibrium, types of, 49-3 (tbl)
eutectic, 49-3
exothermic, 20-18
ideal, combustion, 21-9 (tbl)
kinetics, 20-13
order, 20-13
rate, 20-13
rate constant, 20-13, 71-7
rate, zero order, 20-13
reversible, 20-12
site, 47-15
speed of, 20-13
stoichiometric, 20-8
turbine, 18-22, 18-23, 26-8
velocity, 20-13
Reactive
metal, 47-13
power, 72-7
substance, 68-2
Reactor
advanced boiling water, 30-2
advanced light water, 30-2
advanced water-cooled, 30-2
beltline, 30-2
boiling water, 30-2
breeder, 30-1 (ftn)
light-water, 30-1
liquid metal fast breeder, 30-1
moderated, 30-1
nuclear, 30-1
pressurized water, 30-1
reformer, 31-7
safe integral, 30-2
simplified boiling water, 30-2
tank, 71-7
Reagent, 65-6
Real
body, 37-1
fluid, 14-2
gas, 23-2, 23-20
gas, equation of state, 23-20
losses, 72-17, 72-18
machine, 22-6
number, 3-1
power, 72-7
transition, 63-34
Rebound, 58-17
angle, 58-17
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
height, 58-17
test, 48-14
velocity, 58-17
Receipt, 74-3
Receivable
average age, 74-35
turnover, 74-35
Receiver
reflux pool-boiling, 31-3 (ftn)
tank, 32-2
Recharge rate, 68-12
Reciprocating
compressor, 32-1, 32-2
pump, 18-2
Reciprocity theorem for radiation, 37-4
Recirculating
air bypass, 43-6 (fig)
atmosphere, closed, 40-11
Recirculation
air, 39-1
flue gas, 71-10
of cleaned air, 40-11
Recovery, 48-3
closed-loop, 71-4
depreciation, 74-26
leachate, 68-13
method, capital, 74-15, 74-16
open-loop, 71-4
solvent, 71-3, 71-4
stage, 49-8
Recrystallization, 49-8
stage, 49-8, 49-9
temperature, 49-8
Rectangular
coordinate system, 7-3
duct, 41-17
fin, finite, 34-19
form, 3-7
form, vector, 5-2
hyperbola, 7-12
moment of inertia, 50-3
pyramid, 66-6 (fig)
rosette, 64-12
Rectified sinusoid, 72-5
Rectifier, 33-8
Rectilinear system, 57-2
Rectum, latus, 7-10, 7-11
Recuperative
heat exchanger, 36-10 (ftn)
heater, 26-16
Recuperator, 33-8
Recurrent state, 63-35
Recycle air, 39-1
Recycling plastics, 68-18
Red
hardness, 47-6 (ftn), 65-4
mud, 47-11
primer, 16-11
Redesign cycle, 26-17
Reduced
-coke process, 47-5
equation, 10-1
plan, 63-26
properties, 23-20
-standard plan, 63-20
variable, 23-20
Reducible state, 63-35
Reducing
flame, 65-12
trunk system, 41-13
Reduction
in area, 48-6
linear equation, 3-7
noise, 73-11
Redundancy, 63-9
degree of, 46-1
reliability, 11-9
Redundant
member, 45-7, 45-13
system, 11-9
view, 2-2
Reference
duration, 73-12
single-stage, 30-2
temperature, 26-14
turbine, 26-9
Reheater, 26-13
moisture separator, 30-1
Reid vapor pressure, 68-10
Reinforced concrete pipe, 16-10
Reinforcement
integral, 55-16
limit of, 55-17
opening, 55-14
Rejectable quality level, 63-26
Rejector, heat, 28-12
Related angle, 6-1
functions of, 6-3
Relations
Maxwell, 24-6
thermodynamic, basic, 24-6
Relationship, Gerber parabolic, 52-7
Relative
abundance, 20-2
acceleration, 57-10
atomic weight, 20-2
bonus, 63-21
dispersion, 11-13
earnings, 63-20, 63-21
efficiency, 28-3
fraction, 74-31
humidity, 38-2
importance, 74-31
motion, 57-10
paddle velocity, 66-18
permittivity, 71-9
position, 57-10
risk, 74-35
roughness, 17-5
stability, 62-11
time, 34-5
velocity, 57-10
velocity difference, 17-35
Relay, 44-1
logic, 44-6
logic, Boolean, 44-6
logic diagram, 44-6
Release valve, air, 16-12
Reliability, 11-9, 63-9, 64-2
experiment, 11-12
parallel, 11-9
serial, 11-9
Reliable measurement, 64-2
Relief
angle, 65-2
device, pressure, 16-12
drain, 68-12
valve, 16-12
valve, safety, 16-12
Relieving capacity, 55-21
Reloading curve, 48-7
Reluctance, 64-4 (ftn)
Remainder method, 12-1
Remedial maintenance, 63-10 (ftn)
Remediation, 68-20
Removal
efficiency, biofilter, 71-7
efficiency, cyclone, 66-14
efficiency, ESP, 71-9
odor, 40-7
of heat, ventilation, 40-8
Renewable energy source, 31-1
Renewal, 63-11, 74-14 (ftn)
Repair, mean time to, 63-9
Repayment loan, 74-4
Rephosphorized steel, 47-5, 47-6
Replacement, 20-7, 63-11
/retirement analysis, 74-4
sampling with, 11-3
sampling without, 11-3
study, 74-18
Report, environmental impact, 68-3
Repose, angle of, 58-6, 66-5
Repowering, 26-8 (ftn), 29-10
Representation number, 12-1
Required
head thickness, 55-13 (tbl)
wall thickness of cylindrical
shell, 55-12 (tbl)
Reradiation, 37-4
Research
and development cost, 74-33
octane number, 21-7
Reserve
cold, 26-16
hot, 26-16
spinning, 26-16
Reservoir, 24-11
heat, 24-11
high-temperature, 24-11
liquid-dominated, 31-7
low-temperature, 24-11
modeling, 61-7
multiple, 17-22
sink, 24-11
source, 24-11
thermal, 33-1 (ftn)
three, 17-22
vapor-dominated, 31-6
Reset, proportional action with
automatic, 44-5
Residence time, particle, 70-3, 71-9
Residual
fuel oil, 21-6
gas, 32-3
value, 74-16
Resilience, 48-7
modulus of, 48-7, 52-4
Resilient material, 48-7
Resin ion exchange, 20-22
Resistance (see also type), 34-4
Atkinson, 41-32
baghouse, 71-5
coefficient, Euler, 66-14
contact, 34-7 (ftn)
electrical, 72-2
electrical bridge, 64-9
electrical contact, 34-7 (ftn)
electrical, flow, 61-7
electrical motion, 14-2
electrical, rolling, 58-8
electrical shear, 14-1
electrical temperature detector, 64-5
electrical thermal, 34-4
electrical thermal, coefficient of, 64-6
flow, 71-5
fluid, 19-9
hydraulic, 19-9
hydraulic, power, 19-9
knock, 21-6
pitting, gear, 54-14
pneumatic, 19-9
pressure, 41-8
specific, 71-5
thermal, 34-13, 42-2 (ftn)
thermometer, 64-5
total, 42-2
unit, 42-2
Resisting
moment, 51-8 (ftn)
shear, 51-8 (ftn)
Resistivity
electrical, 64-6, 72-2
particle, 71-9
Resistor, 61-8, 72-2, 72-3, 72-5
variable, 64-3
Resolution, 3-6
of frequency analysis, 9-8
Resonance, 60-11
fluid system, 19-12
Resonant frequency, panel, 73-11
Resource-recovery plant, 71-14
Respirable fraction, 68-9
Respiration, heat of foodstuffs, 34-4
Response, 61-1
20 kHz, 73-6
curve, 73-6
I-51
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - R
I N D E X
I-52
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - S
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
80%, 72-9
Amagat-Luducs, 23-18
Cramers, 3-7, 4-7
cumulative usage factor, 52-8
derived from, 68-3
Gibbs, 23-19
Gibbs phase, 49-3
LHo pitals, 3-9
Le Cha teliers mixing, 67-21
level, 38-5
lever, 49-2
Miners, 52-8
mixture, 68-3
octave, 60-19
of professional conduct, 76-1
of signs, Descartes, 3-4
right-hand, 5-4, 45-3
Simpsons, 7-2
six nines, 71-13
statutory, 76-1
trapezoidal, 7-1
Rules, SI system, 1-5
Run-of
-mine coal, 21-5
-the-nut method, 53-13
Runaway speed, 17-36
Rung, ladder, 44-6
Runner, turbine, 18-21
Runoff, 68-19
Runout duct, 41-13
Rupture
angle of, 48-8
disk, 55-20
Mohrs theory of, 48-8
strength, 48-16
S
s
-chart, 63-22
-glass, 47-20
-plane, 62-8
S corporation, 75-3
S-N curve, 48-9
S & T heat exchanger, 36-10
Sabin, 73-10
area, 73-10
Sacrificial anode, 20-18
Saddle point, 7-2
SAE
grade, 54-24
hydraulic fluid, 19-3
Safe
integral reactor, 30-2
spring stress, 54-4
Safeguard, machine, 63-31
Safety
factor of, 52-1
margin of, 52-1
relief valve, 16-12, 55-20
risk assessment, 63-27
valve, 16-12
valve, full-lift, 16-12
valve, high-lift, 16-12
valve, low-lift, 16-12
Sal soda, 65-4
Salary plus fee, 75-5
Salinity, 20-9
Salometer scale, 14-5 (ftn)
Salt crevice, 20-23
Salvage value, 74-18
Sample, 11-3
space, event, 11-3
standard deviation, 11-13 (ftn)
variance, 11-13
whole air, 70-1
Sampler
air, 70-3
air, collection efficiency, 70-4
centrifugal air, 70-3
cyclone, 70-3
Sampling, 11-2
emissions, 70-1
I-53
Seebeck
coefficient, 31-9
effect, 64-7
Seed, random number, 63-32
SEER, 43-2
Segmental baffle, 36-12
Segmented chip, 65-1
Selective
catalytic reduction, 68-15, 71-21
leaching, 20-19
noncatalytic reduction, 71-22
surface coating, 31-2
Selectivity classification, 66-15
Selenide, cadmium, 64-5
Self
-aligning bearing, 54-22
-energizing brake, 54-18
-limiting stress, 55-6
-locking brake, 54-18
-locking screw, 59-2
-regulating heat tape, 34-21
-regulating plan, 63-21
Semi
-dry scrubbing, 71-20
-infinite solid, 34-14
-killed steel, 47-5
-variable cost, 74-32
Semimajor distance, 7-11
Semiminor distance, 7-11
Semipermeable membrane, 14-10
Semivertex angle, 25-12
Sending unit, 64-3 (ftn)
Sense, 5-1
Sensible
cooling, 38-8
heat, 23-8, 40-8
heat factor, 38-7, 43-6
heat ratio, 38-7, 43-6
heat ratio, coil, 38-7
heat ratio, effective, 38-7
heat ratio, grand, 38-7
heat ratio, room, 38-7
heating, 38-8
-total ratio, 38-7
Sensitivity, 11-12, 62-5, 64-2
analysis, 63-13, 74-44
fatigue notch, 48-10
Sensitization, 47-9
Sensor, 44-1, 64-3
vibration, 60-21
Separable, first-order, 10-2, 10-3
Separation
factor, 71-8
force, bevel gear, 54-15
force, helical gear, 54-13
mesh, 66-14
of terms, 9-3
sprinkler, 67-11
Separator
air cyclone, 66-12
ball bearing, 54-22
cyclone, 66-12
gas cyclone, 66-12
inertial, 68-9, 71-7
moisture, 30-1
vortex, 66-12
Sequence, 3-10
arithmetic, 3-11
convergent, 3-10
divergent, 3-10
geometric, 3-11
harmonic, 3-11
p-, 3-11
standard, 3-11
Sequential combustion, 29-2
Serial
reliability, 11-9
system, 11-9
Series, 3-11
arithmetic, 3-12
circuit, electrical, 72-3
expansion, 8-8
finite, 3-11
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - S
I N D E X
I-54
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - S
Fourier, 9-6
galvanic, 20-18 (tbl)
geometric, 3-12
harmonic, 3-12
hydrocarbon, 21-2
infinite, 3-11, 74-7
Maclaurin, 8-8
methane, 21-2
naphthalene, 21-2
of alternating sign, 3-13
olefin, 21-2
paraffin, 21-2
pipe, 17-20
power, 8-8
pumps in, 18-18
spring, 53-20
Taylors, 8-8
Serpentine belt, 54-17
Server, 63-6, 63-7
Service
application, pressure vessel, 55-3
factor, 42-4, 58-7 (ftn), 72-13
factor, chain drive, 59-17
factor, gear drive, 54-12
factor, motor, 18-10
factor, V-belt, 54-17
life, 74-20
life, chain drive, 59-17
load, 53-2
pressure vessel, 55-3
Servomechanism, 62-13
Set, 11-1
associative law, 11-2
commutative law, 11-2
complement, 11-1
complement law, 11-1, 11-2
de Morgans law, 11-2
disjoint, 11-1
distributive law, 11-2
element, 11-1
gear, 54-11
idempotent law, 11-1
identity law, 11-1
intersection, 11-1
laws, 11-1
leaf, 54-9
member, 11-1
null, 11-1
permanent, 48-3
point, 20-22, 44-2
-point pressure, 55-20
simple gear, 59-5
solar gear, 59-7
star gear, 59-7
union, 11-1
universal, 11-1
worm gear, 54-15
Setback, thermostat, 42-7
Setting, 26-4
pressure, 55-20
Settleable solid, 71-25
Settling
time, 44-2, 62-2
velocity, 17-43, 70-3
Severability, 75-4
Sewage pump, 18-4
Sewer pipe
concrete dimensions, A-40, A-41
dimensions and weights, A-40, A-41
PVC dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39
Shading
coefficient, 43-4
factor, 31-2
Shadow tower, 31-4, 31-5
Shaft
critical speed, 66-19
critical speed, second, 60-17
design, 53-14
drive, 59-18
fundamental speed, 60-16
loading, pump, 18-11
propeller, 59-18
stepped, 60-5
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
method, 63-12
pump, 18-2
Simplified boiling water reactor, 30-2
Simply supported, 45-7
Simpsons rule, 7-2
Simulated equilibrium, 58-5 (ftn)
Simulation, 63-32
Monte Carlo, 63-32
Simultaneous equations
linear, 3-6, 3-7
matrix, 4-6
solving, 3-7
Sine
coversed, 6-4
flipped, 6-4
function, integral, 9-8
hyperbolic, 6-4
law of, 6-5, 6-6
versed, 6-4
Single
acceptance plan, 63-25
-acting engine, 28-2
-acting pump, 18-2
-acting valve, 19-3
butt, 53-11 (ftn)
cyclone, 71-7
cyclone, double-vortex (inertial
separator), 71-7 (fig)
degree of freedom, 60-2
degree of freedom system, 60-2, 61-2
-duct system, 44-1
-effect evaporator, 26-15
interlock preaction system, 67-2
-pass heat exchanger, 36-10
payment cash flow, 74-3
payment present worth factor, 74-5
-point calibration, 64-2
proprietorship, 75-1
sampling plan, A-158
seal, 71-18
shear, 53-11
-stage compression, 32-3
-stage evaporator, 26-15
stage pump, 18-4
-stage reheat, 30-2
-stage turbine expansion, 26-9 (fig)
suction pump, 18-4
-zone ventilation, 40-3
Singular
matrix, 4-1, 4-5
point, 8-1, 8-3 (ftn)
Singularity, 4-5
function, 61-3
Sink, 33-1 (ftn)
energy, 17-15, 24-11
reservoir, 24-11
Sinking fund, 74-7
factor, 74-7
method, 74-22
Sintered carbide, 47-18, 65-4
Sintering, 47-18 (ftn), 65-11
Sinusoidal
response, decaying, 62-9
test, vibration, 60-21
Siphon, 17-20
air valve, 16-14
Six nines rule, 71-13
Size
critical particle, 66-14
cut-, 66-14, 71-8
cut-, cyclone, 66-14
cut-point, 70-3
dust, conventions, 68-9
equiprobable, 66-14
motor, 18-10, 19-6
reduction process, 66-9
Sizer particle, 70-4
Sizing
bolt, 65-7
furnace, 42-5
Skelp, 65-13
Skew symmetric matrix, 4-2
Skewness, 11-14
Fishers, 11-14
Pearsons, 11-14
SKF bearing, 54-22
Skin
friction, 17-5 (ftn), 17-41
friction coefficient, 17-5 (ftn), 36-4 (ftn)
friction loss, 17-4 (ftn)
Slab, 42-3
edge coefficient, 42-3
ground, 42-3
wrought iron, 47-11 (ftn)
Slack time, 63-3
Slag, 21-3, 29-2, 47-2
Slagging, 29-8
Slender column, 53-2
Slenderness ratio, 53-3
Slider rod, 57-14
assembly, 57-14
Sliding, 58-11
factor of safety, 15-11
plate viscometer test, 14-6
pressure operation, 26-17
vector, 5-1 (ftn)
Sling psychrometer, 38-10
Slip, 18-10
ammonia, 71-21 (ftn)
casting, 65-11
electrical, 72-14
pump, 18-3
ring, 64-8 (ftn)
Slipping, 58-11
Slope, 7-5, 8-1
-intercept form, 7-5
Slow-closing valve, 17-39
Sludge, 68-2 (ftn)
conditioner, 20-24
critical velocity, 18-5, 18-6
incineration, 71-17
pump, 18-5
pump power factors, 18-5
Slug, 1-3, A-3, A-4
Slurry, friction loss, 17-11
Slush ice, 23-2
Small angle approximation, 6-3
Smallest epicyclic gear, 59-8 (tbl)
SMAW, 65-12
Smear metal, 65-5
Smelting, 47-11
Smith
forging, 65-7
line, 52-7 (ftn)
Smog, 68-20
photochemical, 68-20
precursor, 68-20
Smoke, 21-12, 68-20
damper, 41-24
opacity, 68-20
spot number, 21-12, 68-20
Smoking ventilation, 40-5
Smoothing coefficient, 74-42
Snagging, 65-5
Snapback recording, 63-16 (ftn)
SO2 control, 21-5
Soderberg line, 52-6
Sodium-sulfur battery, 31-11
Soft
material, 48-1
pipe, 67-3
Softening
point, Vicat, 48-12
precipitation, 20-21
Softwood, 47-17
Soil
incineration, 71-17
washing, 71-22
Solar
cell, 31-4
collector, 31-2
constant, 31-1, 37-7
cooling load, 43-3
cooling load factor, 43-3
energy, 31-2
I-55
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - S
I N D E X
I-56
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - S
velocity, 73-5
wave, 73-5
wave, longitudinal, 73-5
Source, 33-1 (ftn)
domestic heat, 42-4
energy, 17-15
internal heat, 43-4
reservoir, 24-11
-term model, 25-15
Space
action, 63-34
air, 42-2
characteristic length, 41-30
conditions, adjacent, 42-2
heating, 29-9, 33-3
mechanics, 58-21
permittivity of free, 71-9
state, 63-34
storage, 67-2
Spacing, molecule, 14-2, 23-20
Span, 17-40
Sparging, 71-22
Spark ignition engine, 28-2
SPC, 11-16, 63-22
Special
cases polynomial, 3-4
conditions, 46-1
cutting energy, 65-3
damages, 75-7
triangle, 6-2
Species, target, 64-3
Specific
acoustic impedance, 73-6
air rate, 66-8
area, 70-6
capacity, 31-10
collection area, 71-9
cutting energy, 65-3
energy, 16-1, 16-9, 22-1, 59-3
energy, battery, 31-10
energy, flywheel, 59-3
energy, total, 16-2 (ftn)
enthalpy, 23-4
feed characteristic, 71-12
-fuel consumption, 28-3
gas constant, 23-15
gravity, 14-4
heat, 22-4, 23-7, 34-4
heat, foodstuffs, 34-4
heat, gas, 21-2
heat loaded, 36-14 (ftn)
heat, molar, 22-4, 23-7
heat of ideal gas, 23-16
heat of respiration, 34-4
heat, polytropic, 24-2
heat, ratio of, 15-13, 23-8
heat, real gas, 23-21
humidity, 38-2
identification, 74-37
impulse, 25-9
internal energy, 23-5
kinetic energy, 16-1, 16-2
leakage, 43-4
performance, 75-4, 75-6
power, 59-3
power, battery, 31-10
power, flywheel, 59-3
property, 23-4
resistance, 71-5
roughness, 17-5 (tbl), A-48
roughness, duct, 41-14 (ftn)
roughness, pipe, A-48
speed, 18-12
speed, fan, 41-6
speed, suction, 18-16
speed, turbine, 18-21, 18-23
surface area, 70-6
volume, 14-4, 14-5, 23-5
weight, 14-5
Specification limit, 63-22
Specifications, pipe, 16-10
Specimen, 48-2
test, 48-2 (ftn)
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Spectrum
analysis, 9-8
analyzer, 9-8
noise, 73-9
Specular reflection, 73-4
Speed (see also type), 57-3
balanced, 58-8
compression wave, 17-38
control, compressor, 32-2
control, constant, 62-13
control, motor, 72-15
control, turbine, 26-17
correlation, just-suspended, 66-17
critical, 60-16
critical, shaft, 66-19
cutting, 65-2, 65-3 (tbl)
factor, 54-14
fundamental, shaft, 60-16
just-suspended, 66-17
linear, 22-2 (ftn)
most probable, 23-17
normal, 58-8
of a jet, 17-17
of a molecule, 23-17
of a molecule, mean, 23-17
of efflux, 17-17
of reaction, 20-13
of sound, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5 (ftn), 73-5
ratio, 59-6
ratio, chain, 59-16
regulation, 72-12
relationship, gears with fixed
centers, 59-11
root-mean-square, 23-17
runaway, 17-36
specific, 18-12
specific, fan, 41-6
specific, turbine, 18-23
surge wave, 17-38
synchronous, 18-10, 72-14
tip, 18-4
variable, fan drive, 41-7
work, 22-2
Sphere, 7-12
critical insulation radius, 34-11
formula, A-9
unit, 6-6
Spherical
coordinate system, 7-3 (fig), 7-3 (tbl)
defect, 6-6
drop, 10-10
excess, 6-6
segment, A-9
shell, conduction, 34-12
shell, radial conduction, 34-12
tank, 34-11, 53-6
triangle, 6-6
trigonometry, 6-6
Sphericity, 17-43, 70-5
Spheroidize-annealing, 49-9
Spheroidizing, 49-9
Spider, 59-6
gear, 59-6
Spill
hazardous, 68-20
oil, 68-17
Spinel, 47-18
Spinning reserve, 26-16
Spiral
compressor, 33-8
duct, 41-13
duct, steel, typical collapse
pressure of, 41-14 (fig)
Spitzglass formula, 17-10
Splined
coupling, 59-18
joint, 59-18
Split shaft, turbine, 29-1
Splitter damper, 41-24
Spool-type valve, 19-3
Spot
humidification, 40-7
radiographic inspection, 55-11
Spray
chamber, 38-10 (ftn)
method, water, 40-7
ratio, 38-10
tower, 71-2, 71-23
Spraying metal, 65-14
Spread, 41-30
Spring, 53-20, 54-2
-back, 65-7
buckling, 54-7 (tbl)
buckling of helical compression, 54-7
clock, 54-9 (ftn)
compression, 54-6
constant, 51-3, 53-20, 54-2
constant, combinations, 53-20
constant, torsional, 60-5
deflection curves for extension, 54-8 (fig)
design, 54-2
dynamic response, 54-8
effect of end treatment on helical
compression, 54-5 (fig)
end treatment of helical
compression, 54-6 (fig)
energy, 22-3
extension, 54-8
fatigue loading, 54-4
flat, 54-9
flat coil, 54-9 (ftn)
helical compression, 54-5 (fig)
helical compression, design, 54-6
helical compression, dynamic
response, 54-8
helical extension, 54-8
helical, high temperature, 54-8
helical torsion, 54-9 (fig)
ideal, 53-20, 54-2
in parallel, 53-21
in series, 53-20
index, 53-20 (ftn), 54-2 (ftn), 54-5
leaf, 54-9
material, 54-3, 54-4 (tbl)
material properties, 54-4 (tbl)
nested, 54-6
perfect, 54-2
pitch, 54-6
point of stress concentration in
extension, 54-9 (fig)
power, 54-9 (ftn)
rate, 53-20, 54-2
rate equation, 54-5
scale, 53-20, 64-14
stiffness, 53-20, 54-2
stress, allowable, 54-4
torsion, 54-9
Sprinkler, 67-9
abbreviation, 67-7
characteristics, 67-9
density, 67-11
discharge characteristics, 67-10 (tbl)
discharge coefficient, 67-9
distance between, 67-11
distribution pattern from ceiling
sprinkler, 67-9 (fig)
friction loss, 67-12
fusible-link, 67-9
head, 67-9
minor loss, 67-13
normal pressure, 67-14
pendant, 67-9
protection area, 67-10
separation, 67-11
sidewall, 67-9
soldered link-and-lever, 67-9
soldered link-and-lever,
automatic, 67-9 (fig)
system, 67-7
system design, 67-14
system, double interlock preaction, 67-3
system, dry pipe, 67-2
system, non-interlock preaction, 67-2
system, preaction, 67-2
system, single interlock preaction, 67-2
system types, 67-2
I-57
Statically
determinate, 45-7
indeterminate, 45-7, 46-1
Statics, 45-1
indeterminate, 46-1
Station, 63-18, 65-6
rate, 26-5, 27-2
Statistic
chi-squared, 11-8
log-normal, 11-8
normal, 11-6
Students t-, 11-7
Statistical
error, terms, 64-3
process control, 11-16, 63-22
quality control, 63-22
Stator pump, 18-3
Statute, 76-1
of frauds, 75-3 (ftn)
Statutory rule, 76-1
Stay reinforcing, 55-14
Steady
-flow, availability function, 24-12
-flow energy equation, 24-5, 25-2, 26-9
-flow, polytropic, 24-10
-flow process, 32-4
-flow system, 24-5
-flow system, isentropic, 24-9
-flow system, throttling, 24-10
-open flow system, 24-1
-state component, 60-12
-state operation, 11-9, 37-6
-state probability, 63-35
-state response, 62-2
-state response, impulse, 62-7
-state response, sinusoid, 62-7
-state response, step, 62-7
Steam
admission, 26-17
admission valve, 26-17
bleed, 26-8
drum, 26-4
dry saturated, 23-14
flow, 25-21
flow through nozzle, 25-21
friction loss, 17-9
generator, 26-4
generator, heat-recovery, 29-8
generator, nuclear, 30-1
header, 34-21
heat-recovery, 29-8
humidification, 38-11
injection, 29-2
manifold, 34-21
Mollier diagram, A-69, A-71, A-92
point, 64-6 (ftn)
process, 29-8, 29-9
pump, 18-2
rate, 26-16
saturated, properties, A-62, A-63, A-64,
A-84, A-85, A-86
stripping, 71-24
superheated, properties, A-67, A-68,
A-89
table, 23-10
thermal properties, A-126, A-127
throttle valve, 26-17
tracing, 34-21
trap, 16-14, 34-21
trap, float, 16-14
trap, inverted bucket, 16-14
trap, thermodynamic disc, 16-14
trap, thermostatic, 16-14
turbine, 26-8
Steel, 49-5
AISI-SAE designations, 47-7 (tbl)
alloying ingredient, 47-5, 47-6 (tbl)
blue-center, 66-2
boiler tubing dimensions, A-47
carbon, 47-5
carbon tool, 65-4
duplexed, 47-4
eutectoid, 49-5
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - S
I N D E X
I-58
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - S
free-machining, 65-4
grade, 19-4 (ftn), 47-5
group, 47-7
hard, 49-7
hardenability, 49-7
hardness, maximum, 49-7
heat of, 47-5
high-speed, 65-4
hypereutectoid, 49-5
hypoeutectoid, 49-5
killed, 66-2
link chain, engineering, 59-15
monitor, 66-2
nondeforming, 47-7
pipe, 16-9
pipe, black, 16-10, 67-3
pipe, corrugated, 16-11
pipe dimensions, 16-10, A-29, A-30,
A-31, A-32, A-33, A-34, A-35
pipe, galvanized, 16-10
pipe, plain, 16-10
pipe, pressure drop, water, A-53
pipe, water flow, 17-9, A-53
plow, 66-2 (ftn)
production, 47-3
-reinforced concrete, 15-11 (ftn)
rimmed, 47-5
semi-killed, 47-5
stainless, 47-6, 47-8
stainless, characteristics, 47-8
stainless, composition, 47-8
stress relief processes, 49-8
tool, 47-6
tool, type, 65-4
Stefan-Boltzmann
constant, 37-2
law, 37-2
Step
function, 10-6
input, 62-7
interval, frequency distribution, 11-10
reaction polymerization, 47-15
unit, 61-2
Stepped
cash flow, 74-10
shaft, 60-5
Stepper motor, 62-13 (ftn)
Steradian, 6-6
Stiffener beam, 51-18
Stiffness, 51-2, 51-3
bending, panel, 73-12
pipe, 16-11
ring, 16-11
spring, 53-20, 54-2
transformed, 60-8
Stilb, 73-3 (ftn)
Stirling
cycle, 28-12 (ftn), 28-13 (ftn)
engine, 28-12
engine, kinematic, 28-13
system, 31-3
Stochastic
critical path model, 63-5
model, 63-2, 63-5
Stoichiometric
air, 21-9
combustion, 21-9
quantities, 21-9
reaction, 20-8
Stoichiometry, 20-8
Stoke (unit), 14-8
Stoker, 26-3
Stokes
50 number, 66-13
law, 17-42
number, 1-9 (tbl), 66-13
particle diameter, 70-3
Stoking
overfeed, 26-3
retort, 26-3
underfeed, 26-3
Stone wall point, 32-8
Stopping distance, 70-3
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Sum
-of-the-years digits method, 74-21, 74-26
unweighted, sound level, 73-8
Summer, 62-4
degree-days, 42-6 (ftn), 43-5
Summing point, 62-4, 62-13
Sun gear, 59-6
Sunk cost, 74-3
Super-isokinetic, 70-2 (ftn)
Superaustenitic stainless steel, 47-9
Supercharger, 28-11
Supercharging, 28-11
Superconductivity, 47-18
Supercooled liquid, 47-17
Supercritical
cycle, 27-7
-pressure boiler, 26-4
-pressure turbine, 26-8
Superelevation, 58-8, 58-8 (ftn)
rate, 58-8
total, 58-8
Superferritic stainless steel, 47-8
Superficial velocity, 66-8
Superfinishing, 65-5, 65-14
Superheat
degree of, 23-11
Rankine cycle, 27-4
table, using, 23-11
Superheated
R-12 properties, A-77, A-78
steam properties, A-67, A-68, A-89
vapor, 23-2, 23-3
vapor, properties of, 23-14
Superheater, 26-13
convection, 26-13
radiant, 26-13
Superheating, 27-4
Superhigh-speed steel, 65-4
Superposed turbine, 26-8
Superposition, 51-17
forces, 45-16
method, 46-4
of cash flow, 74-10
theorem, 10-6
Supersaturated solution, 20-10 (ftn)
Supersonic
nozzle, design of, 25-5
travel, 14-15
Supplementary
angle, 6-1
boiler, 29-11
-fired HRSG, 29-8
unit, 1-6 (tbl)
Supplier, dealing with, 76-2, 76-3
Suppliers
lien, 75-5
risk, 63-26
Supply
duct, 41-21
pump, fire fighting, 67-7
rail, 44-6
Support
pinned, 45-7
roller, 45-7
simple, 45-7
type, 45-7 (tbl)
Surcharge, 15-12
Surface
absorption, 73-10
-acting agent, 68-9 (ftn)
condenser, 26-11
control, 24-1
density, 73-11
durability, gear, 54-14
emissivity, A-136
extended, 34-17
faying, 20-19
finish, 2-4, 48-11 (fig)
finish factor, 48-10
finishing and coating, 65-13
free, 16-5
frictionless, 45-7
hardening, 49-10
I-59
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - S
I N D E X
I-60
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - T
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
T
t-distribution, A-14
Students, 11-7, 63-16
T-delta rosette, 64-12
T-p diagram, 24-3
T-s diagram, 24-4, 28-4
T250 temperature, 21-3
Table
air, 23-11
compressed liquid, 23-11
cumulative frequency, 11-10, 11-11
divided difference, 13-3 (ftn)
factor, A-169, A-170
fan rating, 41-8
gas, 23-11
multirating, 41-8
normal shock, 25-10
of indefinite integrals, A-10
of integrals, 9-1 (ftn)
periodic, 20-2
property, 23-10
Routh, 62-12
saturation, 23-10
shaker, 60-21
standard normal, 11-6
steam, 23-10
superheat, 23-11
Tableau, 63-13
Tachometer, 62-13
Tail
curve, 11-7
race, 18-24
Tailwater, 18-24
depression, 18-24
Takeoff
branch, 41-19
point, 62-4
Tall building, infiltration, 40-6
Tandem
-center valve, 19-3
compound turbine, 26-8
flywheel system, 59-5
-pulley drive, 66-10 (ftn)
seal, 71-18
Tangent
bulk modulus, 14-14
hyperbolic, 6-4, 6-5
law of, 6-5
plane, 8-5
point, 7-2
Tangential, 57-9
acceleration, 57-8
force, gear, 54-12
force, helical gear, 54-13
pressure angle, 54-12
stress, 53-4
turbine, 18-21 (ftn)
velocity, 18-22, 57-8
Tangible property, 74-20 (ftn)
Tank
above-ground storage, 69-1
compressed air, 32-2
deaerating, 26-15
discharge, 17-16, 17-17 (fig) (ftn)
flash, 26-14 (ftn), 31-7
pressurized, 17-18
reactor, 71-7
receiver, 32-2
spherical, 34-11, 53-6
storage, 32-2, 69-1
surge, 17-39
thick-walled (see also Cylinder,
thick-walled), 53-5
thin-walled, 53-4
time to empty, 17-19
underground, 68-20
Tap hole, 15-3
Tape, heat, 34-21
Tapered
diameter changes, 17-13
hub, 55-18
-hub flange, 55-18
Tappet, 59-12
Tar
coal, epoxy, 16-11
pipe coating, 16-11
Target
species, 64-3
substance, 64-3
Task, 63-15
Tax
bracket, 74-25
credit, 74-25
Taxation
check the box, 75-3 (ftn)
double, 75-2
Taylors
equation, 65-5
formula, 8-8
series, 8-8
TD-nickel, 47-18
TDC (top-dead-center), 32-3
TDS (see also Total dissolved solids), 39-3
throttle, 26-14
-time chart, 34-14
-time curve, 49-2
transition, 48-15
wet-bulb, 38-2
Tempered
martensite, 49-7
steel, double-, 47-7
Tempering, 49-6, 49-9
Temporary hardness, 20-21
Tendency, central, 11-12
Tens complement, 12-3
Tensile
force, 45-16
strength, 48-3
test, 48-2
Tension
cable, 58-13
effective, belt, 66-10
force, 45-16
initial, spring, 54-8
net, 54-16
surface, 14-11
Tensor, 5-1
Teratogen, 63-27
Term
differential, 9-1
general, 3-10
harmonic, 9-6
in a sequence, 3-10
Terminal
box, variable air volume, 41-3
box, VAV, 41-3
point, 5-1
pressure, 41-30
temperature difference, 26-11, 26-15
unit, 41-3
value, 74-16
velocity, 17-43, 58-19, 70-3
velocity, duct, 41-30
Terminator, 47-15
Terminology
gear train, 59-5
meshing gear, 54-11 (fig)
spur gear, 54-10 (fig)
worm and worm gear, 54-16 (fig)
Terms, separation of, 9-3
Ternary compound, 20-5
Tertiary
air, 26-3
compound, 20-5
creep, 48-16
Test (see also type), 60-21
Ames, 63-27 (ftn)
Brinell hardness, 48-13
Charpy, 48-15
comparison, 3-12
destructive, 48-14
drop, 60-21
fatigue, 48-9
financial, 74-34, 74-35
for convergence, 3-12
hardness, 48-13, 48-14 (tbl)
harmonic, vibration, 60-21
Hurwitz, 62-12
hydrostatic pressure, 55-20
hypothesis, 11-15
impact, 48-15, 55-7
isokinetic, 70-2
Jominy end-quench, 49-7
Knoop, 48-13
Meyer, 48-13
Meyer-Vickers, 48-13
Mohs, 48-13
nondestructive, 48-12, 48-14
on plastic, 48-11
power of the, 11-15
proof, 11-9
ratio, 3-12
rebound, 48-14
Rockwell hardness, 48-13
Scleroscopic hardness, 48-14
scratch hardness, 48-13
I-61
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - T
I N D E X
I-62
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - T
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
I-63
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - T
I N D E X
I-64
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - U
Tree
decision, 63-33
diagram, 63-33
system, 67-6
Trestle, 45-13
Triad, Cartesian, 5-2
Triadimenol, 68-18
Trial, 11-2
successive, 11-4
Triangle, 6-2
formula, A-7
general, 6-5 (fig)
oblique, 6-5
Pascals, 3-3
right, 6-2
similar, 6-2
special, 6-2
spherical, 6-6
Triangular matrix, 4-2
Triaxial loading, 52-3, 52-5
Triazine, 68-17
Tridymite, 47-18
Trifunctionality, 47-15
Trigonometric
form, 3-7
function, 6-2
functions in a unit circle, 6-3 (fig)
identity, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5
Trigonometry, spherical, 6-6
Trihalomethane, 68-21
Trihedral angle, 6-6
Trimetric view, 2-3
Trimmer, die, 65-8
Trimming, die, 65-9
Trioxide, sulfur, 21-4, 68-20
Triple
cross product, 5-5
integral, 9-3
junction cell, 31-4
junction solar cell, 31-4
modular redundancy, 63-9
point, 49-4
point property, 23-8
product, mixed, 5-4, 5-5
scalar product, 5-5
Triplex
chain, 59-17
pump, 18-2
Tripling time, 74-8, 74-9
Tripod, 45-22 (fig)
Tritium, 20-2
Trivial solution, 3-7 (ftn)
Tropopause, 15-13 (ftn)
Troposphere, 15-13 (ftn)
Trough-electric system, 31-3
True
airspeed, 29-2
rake angle, 65-2
strain, 48-5
stress, 48-5
Trunk
duct system, 41-13
system, reducing, 41-13
Truss, 45-12
bridge, 45-12
deflection, 51-17
determinate, 45-13
indeterminate, 46-7
pipe, 16-10
rigid, 45-12
transverse load, 45-16
types, 45-13 (fig)
TTT curve, 49-6
Tube (see also Tubing), 35-7
crossflow, 36-8
fluid, 36-10
impact, 16-5
-in-tube heat exchanger, 36-10
piezometer, 15-2
pitot, 16-5, 25-22
stagnation, 16-5
static pressure, 15-2
torque, 59-18
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Twist
angle, 48-8, 53-14
center of, 53-17
Two
-angle formula, 6-4
-dimensional cutting, 65-2
-dimensional mensuration, A-7
-dimensional space, vector in, 5-1 (fig)
-force member, 45-6, 45-12
lines, angle, 7-8
-metal corrosion, 20-18
-point form, 7-5
points, distance, 7-7
-port black box, 61-1
-position control, 44-2
-stage compression, 32-7
-stage dust collectors, 41-32
-stage expansion, turbine, 26-9
-stage turbine expansion, 26-10 (fig)
-step transition matrix, 63-34
-stroke cycle, 28-2
-stroke, diesel, 28-2
-tail confidence limit, 11-15
-two system, 26-5
-way catalytic converter, 28-2 (ftn)
Twos complement, 12-4
Type
0 system, 62-13 (ftn)
1 system, 62-13 (ftn)
2 system, 62-13 (ftn)
air conditioning system, 44-1
F, tubing, 19-4
I error, 11-14, 63-26
II error, 11-15, 63-26
n system, 62-13 (ftn)
number, 3-1
of flange, 55-18 (fig)
of valves, 16-13 (fig)
-one chip, 65-1
S, tubing, 19-4
-three chip, 65-1 (ftn), 65-2 (ftn)
-two chip, 65-1, 65-2
weld, by location, 55-10 (fig)
Types
of views, 2-1
suspension, 66-17
Typical
characteristics, materials in advanced
flywheels, 59-5 (tbl)
clutch and brake design
parameter, 54-20 (tbl)
controls integration, 44-2
integration of power-generating
elements, 26-2 (fig)
journal bearing parameter, 54-25 (tbl)
sprinkler system components, 67-7 (fig)
system integration (power cycles), 26-1
V6 timing belt installation, 54-18 (fig)
U
U
-joint, 59-18
-tube heat exchanger, 36-12
-tube manometer (see also
Manometer), 15-2
-waste, 68-3
U -factor, 34-7
ULPA, 40-11
Ultimate
analysis, 20-6, 20-7, 21-2
CO2, 21-13
strength, 48-3, 53-2
strength design, 51-2 (ftn)
Ultra-low penetration air, 40-11
Ultrafinishing, 65-5
Ultrahigh-strength steel, 47-6
Ultralow NOx burner, 71-17
Ultrasonic
flowmeter, 17-28
machining, 65-6
test, 48-14
Ultrasound testing, 48-12
Unitary
air conditioner, 33-2
equipment, 44-1
Units
consistent system of, 1-2
of pressure, 14-2
of production depreciation, 74-22
SI derived, 1-5, 1-6
supplementary, 1-6 (tbl)
Universal
constant, Newtons, 58-20
gas constant, 14-10, 23-14
gravitation, Newtons, 58-20
joint, 59-18
set, 11-1
standard data, 63-17
Universe, 11-3, 24-1
Unloading curve, 48-7
Unsaturated
air, 38-2
hydrocarbon, 21-2
position, 47-16
Unstable equilibrium, 58-2
Unsteady
-state heat transfer, 34-12
heat transfer, 34-12
Unweighted
response, 73-6
sum, 73-8
Upgrade, coal, 21-5
Upper
bound, 9-4
control limit, 63-23
critical point, 49-4
explosive limit, 67-21
flammable limit, 67-21
limit, 9-4
Upright sprinkler, 67-9
Upset forming, 65-8
Uptime, 63-9
Upwind machine, 31-4
Urea, 68-15 (ftn)
Usage, electrical, 72-7
Use factor, 26-16
Useful
life, 74-20
work, 26-9 (ftn)
UST, 68-20
Utilization
coefficient of, 73-3
factor, 73-3
fuel, 29-9
V
Vacuum, 14-3
extraction, 71-25
forming, 65-10
valve, 16-14
Value (see also type)
alpha-, 64-5
analysis, 74-44
average (by integration), 9-4, 74-30
book, 74-23
boundary, 10-1
brake, 28-3
ceiling, 40-10
characteristic, 4-8
command, 62-13
Dulong and Petit, 23-8
effective, 72-5
engineering, 63-28, 74-44
expected, 11-8, 74-30
face, 74-29
final, 62-7
heating, 21-14
indicated, 28-3
initial, 9-4, 10-1
k-, 54-2
limiting, 3-9
market, 74-23
multiplier for C-, 67-12 (tbl)
of money, time, 74-5
I-65
pace, 30-2
R-, 34-4
reference, 62-13
residual, 74-16
root-mean-square, 11-12
salvage, 74-18
standard normal, 11-6, 11-12
terminal, 74-16
threshold limit, 40-10
train, 59-6
Values
instantaneous, 57-2
of z, 11-15 (tbl)
Valve, 16-12, 26-13
air release, 16-12
air, siphon, 16-14
alarm check, 67-5
angle, 16-12
angle lift, 16-12
antireversal, 16-12
ball, 16-12
butterfly, 16-12
characteristics, 16-13
check, 16-12
closed-center, 19-3
combination air, 16-14
control, 19-3
cylinder-spool, 19-3
deluge, 67-3
diagram, 16-13 (tbl)
double orifice air, 16-14
double-acting, 19-3
dry pipe, 67-2, 67-3
equivalent length, A-54
expansion, 33-1
fire protection (see also type), 67-3
flow coefficient, 17-13
flow factor, 19-5
four-way, 19-3
free-flow, 19-3
gate, 16-12
globe, 16-12
high-pressure-carryover, 19-3
hydraulic control, 19-3
indicating butterfly, 67-5
lift, 16-12
make-or-break, 16-14
motor-spool, 19-3
needle, 16-12
nonreverse flow, 16-12
open-center, 19-3
open-center-power-beyond, 19-3
OS&Y, 67-5
outside screw and yoke, 67-5
plug, 16-12
poppet, 28-3 (ftn)
position, 19-3
post-indicating, 67-4
preaction, 67-2, 67-3
pressure operated relief, 67-3
pressure reduction, 19-3
pressure-relief, 17-39, 55-20
primary control, 67-3
relief, 16-12
safety, 16-12
safety, full-lift, 16-12
safety, high-lift, 16-12
safety, low-lift, 16-12
safety relief, 16-12, 55-20
shutoff service, 16-12
single-acting, 19-3
slow-closing, 17-39
spool-type, 19-3
steam throttle, 26-17
swing, 16-12
tandem-center, 19-3
three-way, 19-3, 55-20
throttle, 26-17 (ftn)
throttling, 26-13, 26-17 (ftn), 33-1
throttling service, 16-12
tortuous-path, 26-13
types, 16-13 (fig)
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - V
I N D E X
I-66
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - V
vacuum, 16-14
Y-, 16-12
van der Waals
equation of state, 23-20
force, 23-20
Vane, 17-35
inlet, 41-7
switch, 67-5
Vaneaxial fan, 41-6
Vapor
compression cycle, 33-4
compression cycle, dry, 33-4
compression cycle, wet, 33-4
condensing, 35-7, 71-25
condensing, film, 35-7
dome, 23-3
-dominated reservoir, 31-6
/gas mixture, 23-2
incinerator, 71-17
-liquid mixture, properties of, 23-13
power cycle, 27-1
pressure, 14-9, 38-2
pressure head, 18-6 (ftn)
pressure, moist air, 38-2
pressure, Reid, 68-10
properties of saturated, 23-14
properties of superheated, 23-14
saturated, 23-2
superheated, 23-2, 23-3
Vaporization, latent heat of, 23-8
Variable, 3-2
across-, 61-3
air volume box, 41-3
air volume terminal box, 41-3
-area meter, 17-27
-capacitance transducer, 64-4
chart, 63-22
cost, 74-32
dependent, 3-2
dimension of, 1-8 (tbl)
effort, 19-8
flow rate, 41-7
frequency drive, 41-8
independent, 3-2
-inductance transducer, 64-4
matrix, 4-6
-pitch pulley, 41-8
pressure mode, 26-17
reduced, 23-20
-reluctance transducer, 64-4
resistor, 64-3
response, 61-2
speed fan drive, 41-7
standard normal, 11-12
state, 61-2, 63-33, 63-34
throttle pressure, 26-17
through-, 61-3
time flow, 63-32
Variance
account, 74-36
burden, 74-36
reduction techniques, 63-32
sample, 11-13
Variate, standard normal, 11-12
Variation
chordal velocity, 59-17
coefficient of, 11-13, 63-16
of parameters, 10-4
Varignons theorem, 45-3
Varying mass, 58-19
VAV
box, 41-3
box, dual duct, 41-13
terminal box, 41-3
V-belt, 54-17, 58-7
VBI, 14-16
VBN, 14-16
Vector, 5-1
addition, 5-3
bound, 5-1 (ftn)
Cartesian unit, 5-2
characteristic, 4-8
control, 62-14
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
profile, 16-8
propagation, 73-5
ratio, 59-6
ratio, chain, 59-16
ratio, gear, 54-11
ratio, pump, 18-3
reaction, 20-13
rebound, 58-17
-reduction method, 41-24
relative, 57-10
settling, 17-43, 70-3
shear, 65-2
sonic, 14-14, 25-4, 25-5, 73-5
superficial, 66-8
tangential, 18-22, 57-8
terminal, 17-43, 58-19, 70-3
terminal, duct, 41-30
theoretical maximum, 25-2
transducer, 60-21
variation, chain drive, 59-17
volume, 73-6
Vena contracta, 17-17, 17-30 (ftn)
Venn diagram, 11-1 (fig)
Ventilation, 40-1
air, 42-3
and infiltration, 43-4
dilution, 40-10
efficiency, 40-4
energy to warm, 42-1
for heat removal, 40-8
mold, 40-8
multizone, 40-4
outdoor air, 40-3
rate procedure, 40-2
standard, 40-2
zone, 40-3
Venturi
discharge coefficients, 17-30 (fig)
eductor, 66-8
effect, 17-29
feeder, 66-8
feeder, saturation, 66-8
meter, 17-29, 17-30 (fig)
meter performance, 17-29
nozzle, 25-5
scrubber, 71-20
scrubber collection efficiency, 71-21
Vers function, 6-4
Versed
cosine, 6-4
sine, 6-4
Versine, 6-4
Vertex
angle, 6-1
parabola, 7-10
Vertical
angle, 6-2
-axis rotor, 31-4
buckling, 51-19
plane surface, hydrostatic
pressure on, 15-7 (fig)
submersible turbine pump, 67-7
Vessel
nozzle pressure, 55-3
pipe pressure, 55-18
pressure, 55-2
pressure, material, 55-4
pressure, parts, 55-4 (fig)
pressure, radiographic inspection, 55-11
pressure, thickness, 55-8
VFD, 41-7
V-fan, 41-8 (ftn)
load factor, 41-8
Vibration, 60-2
angular natural frequency, 60-3
damped, forced, 60-2
damped, free, 60-9
forced, 60-2
free, 60-2
isolation, 60-12
modal, 60-19
natural, 60-2
pick-up, 60-21
sensor, 60-21
shaft, 60-15, 60-16
thin plate, 60-17
Vibratory feeder, 66-8
Vibrometer, 60-21
VIC, 68-22
Vicat softening point, 48-12
Vickers test, 48-13
View
auxiliary, 2-2
axonometric, 2-3
central, 2-1
dimetric, 2-3
factor, 37-2
frontal auxiliary, 2-2
horizontal auxiliary, 2-2
isometric, 2-3
normal, 2-1
oblique, 2-2
orthogonal, 2-1
orthographic, 2-1, 2-2
orthographic oblique, 2-3
perspective, 2-1, 2-3
plan, 2-2
planar, 2-2
principal, 2-2
profile auxiliary, 2-2
redundant, 2-2
trimetric, 2-3
types, 2-1
Virial
coefficient, 23-20
equation of state, 23-20
Virtual
displacement, 46-10
transition, 63-34
work, 51-18
Viscometer
concentric cylinder, 14-6 (ftn)
cup-and-bob, 14-6 (ftn)
Saybolt, 14-6 (ftn)
test, 14-6
Viscosity, 14-6
absolute, 14-6 (ftn)
Bingham-plastic limiting, 17-12
blending index, 14-16
blending number, 14-16
coefficient of, 14-6
conversion, 14-8, 14-9 (tbl)
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
dynamic, 14-6 (ftn)
effect on head loss, 17-11
fluid, hydraulic pump, 19-6
fuels, A-22
grade, 14-9, 54-24
grade, oil, 19-3
heat transfer fluids, A-22
hydrocarbons, A-22
index, 14-9, 19-2 (ftn)
kinematic, 14-8, 16-7
limit, 54-25
lubricants, A-22
Newtons law of, 14-6, 14-7
non-Newtonian, 17-12
of common lubricating oils, 54-24 (fig)
power law, 17-12
Saybolt universal, 54-24
water, A-18
Viscous
coefficient, 58-19
damping, 60-9
damping, coefficient of, 58-19
drag, 58-18
flow, 16-7
Vision, center of, 2-3
Vitrification, 47-18, 71-4, 71-25
Vitrified clay pipe, 16-9
VOC, 68-20, 68-22
Void region, 7-3
Volatile
inorganic compound, 68-22
liquid, 14-10, 20-10 (ftn)
matter, 21-4
organic compound, 68-22
Volatility, 21-6, 67-20
Voltage, 61-8, 72-2
deflection, 64-10
divider, 72-4
drop, 72-3
induced, 17-27
line, 19-6 (ftn)
line-to-line, 19-6
motor, 72-17
phase, 19-6 (ftn)
regulation, 72-12
Voltammetric sensor, 64-3
Volume
clearance, 28-2, 32-3
closed system, constant, 24-8
constant, 24-2
control, 24-1
conversion, SI, A-3, A-5
cut-off, 28-11
damper, 41-24
flow conversion, SI, A-3, A-6
mensuration, A-9
mensuration of three-dimensional, A-9
molar, 20-6
molar specific, 23-5
of a fluid, 14-1
of revolution, 9-5, 50-3 (fig)
partial, 23-18
ratio, 23-11
specific, 14-4, 23-5
-surface ratio diameter, 70-5
swept, 28-2
swept, compressor, 32-3
velocity, 73-6
Volumetric
analysis, 21-2
diameter, 70-4
efficiency, 28-3, 32-4
efficiency, pump, 18-3
expansion, coefficient, 35-2, 51-4
flow rate, 17-3
fraction, 21-2, 23-18
strain, 14-14
von Mises
-Hencky theory, 52-5
stress, 52-5
theory, 48-8, 52-5
Vortex
double, 71-7
finder, 66-15
separator, 66-12
shedding, 41-31
Vorticity, 8-7
VSR, 67-5
Vulcanization, 47-13
W
Wadells roundness, 70-5
Wage incentive plan, 63-20
Wahl correction factor, 54-5
Waiting line, 63-6
Wake, drag, 17-41
Wall, 42-2
acceptor, 28-13
and roofs, instantaneous cooling
load, 43-3
complex, 34-8
composite, 34-7
heat transfer, 42-2
post, 67-5
shear stress factor, 17-5 (ftn)
thickness-diameter ratio, 41-14 (fig)
thickness, pipe, 19-4
thickness, pressure vessel, 55-3, 55-12
Warming, global, 68-10
Warning limit, 63-23
Wash, wind, 31-4
I-67
Washer
adiabatic air, 38-10
air, 38-10 (ftn)
Washing, soil, 71-22
Waste (see also type), 68-2
autogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
extrinsic, 68-2
fuel, 21-4
-heat boiler, 29-8
intrinsic, 68-2
K-, 68-3
municipal solid, 68-14, 71-14, 71-17
overautogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
P-, 68-3
solid, 71-14
subautogenous, 71-10 (ftn)
-to-energy facility, 71-14
U-, 68-3
Wastewater, 71-25
pump, 18-5
treatment, 71-25
Wasting, 20-24 (ftn)
Water
balance, post-closure, 68-12
boiling, film coefficient, 35-4
brake, 64-13
bulk modulus, 14-14
chemistry CaCO3
equivalents, A-59, A-60
chemistry equivalents, A-59, A-60
compressed, properties, A-69, A-90
deionized, 20-24
demineralized, 20-24
extinguisher, 67-20
film coefficients, 35-5
flow, steel pipes, 17-9, A-53
gas, 21-8 (ftn)
hammer, 17-38 (fig)
hammer factor, 19-4
hammer wave speed, 17-38
hardness, 20-21
horsepower, 17-15, 18-8
inches of, 41-3
make-up, 20-22
mist system, 67-3
-moderated reactor, 30-1
motor, 67-5
of crystallization, 20-6
of hydration, 20-6
oxygen, dissolved, A-58
pipe, Hazen-Williams, A-48
pipe, PVC dimensions, A-37, A-38, A-39
pipe, roughness, A-48
power, 18-7
pressure drop, steel pipe, A-53
properties, A-16, A-17
quality compartment, 68-19
range, 39-2
rate, 26-16
reactor, boiling, 30-2
reactor, pressure, 30-1
saturated, thermal
properties, A-122, A-123
-side economizer, 43-2
softening equivalents, A-59, A-60
spray humidification, 40-7
spray method, 40-7
spray system, 67-3
supply chemistry, 20-20
-tube boiler, 26-4
tubing dimensions, copper, A-45
vapor, 68-22
viscosity, A-18
Watt, 1-5
density, 42-4 (ftn)
Wave
celerity, 19-12 (ftn)
compression, 73-5
expansion, 25-13, 25-14
longitudinal, 73-5
Mach, 25-11 (ftn)
normal shock, 25-9, 25-11
oblique compression shock, 25-13
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
INDEX - W
I N D E X
I-68
M E C H A N I C A L
E N G I N E E R I N G
INDEX - Z
P P I
w w w . p p i 2 p a s s . c o m
R E F E R E N C E
M A N U A L
Wet
-bulb depression, 38-2
-bulb temperature, 38-2
compression, 33-4
condition, 58-6
pipe sprinkler system, 67-2
scrubber, 71-2
vapor compression cycle, 33-4
Wetted perimeter, 16-5, A-28
Weymouth
equation, 25-18
formula, 17-10
Wheatstone bridge, 64-9
Wheel sprocket, 59-16
Whirl, velocity of, 18-11 (ftn)
Whisker, 47-20 (ftn)
Whistle-blowing, 76-3 (ftn)
White
cast iron, 47-9, 49-8
noise, 73-4
Whole
air sample, 70-1
depth, 54-10
Width, 2-2
face, tooth, 54-10
pulse-, modulation, 41-8
Wind
-axis machine, 31-4
-axis rotor, 31-4
energy conversion system, 31-4
farm, 31-6
infiltration, 40-6
pressure, 40-6
shear, 31-5
surface pressure coefficient, 40-6
tunnel, 17-42
velocity, effective, 40-6
velocity, equivalent, 40-6
wash, 31-4
Windage loss, 39-2, 72-18
Windowbox, 29-10
Windows, instantaneous cooling load
from, 43-3, 43-4
Winfrey method, 74-16 (ftn)
Wingquist bearing, 54-22
Winter degree-days, 42-6
Wire
corona, 71-8
crossflow, 36-8
fiber core, 66-2
film coefficient, 35-6
independent core, 66-2
length, 54-6
rope, 66-2, 66-3
sheave, 66-3
size, AWG, 72-8
-strand core, 66-2
Wood, 47-17
as fuel, 21-4
properties, 47-17 (tbl)
Work, 22-2
actual and ideal, pump, 26-7
brake, 26-9 (ftn)
brake, compressor, 32-4
compressor, 32-4
done by force, 22-2
done by torque, 22-2
-energy principle, 22-3, 22-4, 53-20, 54-2
environment, 63-29
external, 22-2
factor, 63-17 (ftn)
finding graphically, 24-4
flow, 22-3, 23-5, 24-6
internal, 22-2, 48-6
lost, 17-4
measurement, 63-15
methods, 63-28
net, 24-11, 26-9 (ftn)
of a constant force, 22-2 (fig)
p-V, 22-3, 22-4, 23-5, 24-4
performed by a force, 9-4
sampling, 63-18
shaft, 24-5, 26-9
spring, 22-2
turbine, 26-9
useful, 26-9 (ftn)
virtual, 51-18
Working
cold, 49-9
depth, 54-10
hot, 49-9
stress design method, 53-2
Worm, 54-15
and worm gear terminology, 54-16 (fig)
drive, 54-15
gear, 54-15
gear set, 54-15
helix angle, 54-16
lead, 54-15, 54-16
lead angle, 54-16
lead ratio, 54-15
Worth
future, 74-5
method, present, 74-14, 74-15
present, 74-5
Wrap cable, 66-4
Wrought iron, 47-10
Wye-connection, 72-11
Wo hler curve, 48-9
X
x-bar chart, 63-22
X-Y heat exchanger, 36-11
X-ray testing, 48-12
Y
Y
-connection, 72-5
-valve, 16-12
Yaw, 58-2
angle, 17-28
Year-end convention, 74-3
Yield, 20-8, 74-28
bond, 74-30
classification, 66-16
mass, 71-15
point, 48-3
strength, 48-3
strength, lower, 48-3
stress, 17-12, 48-3
Youngs modulus, 48-2, 51-2
Yuba Power, Greenman v., 75-7 (ftn)
Z
z-values for confidence level, 11-15
Zebra mussel, 26-13
Zeolite, 20-21
process, 20-21
Zero, 3-3, 13-1, 62-8
-defect program, 63-29
diagram, pole-, 62-8
-discharge facility, 68-8
-force member, 45-14
function, 62-8
-indicating bridge, 64-9 (ftn)
-length loss, 41-18
matrix, 4-2
order reaction rate, 20-13
-solids treatment, 20-24
Zeroth law of thermodynamics, 23-4
Zonal primary airflow, 40-4
Zone
neutral, 41-4
occupant, 40-3
outdoor air, breathing, 40-2
outdoor airflow, 40-3
test, 63-23
ventilation, 40-3
ventilation, single-, 40-3
Zuber equation, 14-11
Zwietering
constant, 66-17
criterion, 66-17