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ABSTRACT
This paper examines various types of control systems for
hydrostatic transmissions as applied in mobile
machinery. Because there is a lack of standardized
terminology
and
descriptions
for
hydrostatic
transmissions within the industry, misunderstandings can
result which could cause potentially significant problems
for the OEM and/or the end user of the machine. The
introduction of more complex system solutions increases
the need to explain the control of hydrostatic
transmissions as simply as possible. The operator of a
machine propelled by a hydrostatic transmission is not
interested in the functionality of the components or the
terminology that describes them.
INTRODUCTION
The evolution of control methods for hydrostatic
machines is similar to many other paths evolution has
taken. As with other subject areas, the pace of the
evolution of hydrostatic machines is a balance between
technology (what is possible) and value (the ratio
DIRECT CONTROL
Direct Displacement Control (DDC) provides the means
to position the pump swashplate between maximum
displacement in one direction and maximum
displacement in the opposite direction.
This is
normally/typically accomplished by attaching a lever
directly to the swashplate trunnion. See Figure 4.
Direct
Mechanical
Electrical
1. Pump speed
2. Pump displacement
SERVO CONTROL
3. Motor displacement
TYPE OF CONTROL
The machine operator is primarily interested in
controlling machine function i.e. for a hydrostatic propel
drive this would be the speed and/or torque applied to
the drive wheels. Generally, the hydrostatic pump
control is commanding swashplate position and
consequently output flow of the pump. Pump controls
can be divided into two categories either Load
Dependent or Load Independent. Machine function
cannot be understood (or explained) until the operation
of each of the relevant components is understood. The
first step is to understand the function of each
component so that the resulting system function can be
described.
The second category of controlling a pump servo system
is the output (i.e. what is controlled by the input signal).
The output controlled by the servo valve is typically either
load dependent or load independent.
Load dependent controls provide a pump swashplate
position that, with a fixed input signal, can change with
operating conditions (i.e. load). These load conditions
include input speed, system pressure and temperature.
DIGITAL CONTROL
MOTOR CONTROL
Motor controls have the same general descriptions and
classifications as pump controls. In general, variable
displacement motors may have Load Dependent or Load
Independent Controls with mechanical, hydraulic or
electrical input signals. An additional variant for motors
is the option of two-position control (sometimes
incorrectly labeled two-speed). Motors generally have
REFERENCES
1) Sauer-Danfoss Literature, 520L0958,
October 2010, page 8.
2) Sauer-Danfoss Literature, 11037153,
Sep 2010, page 6.
3) Sauer-Danfoss Literature, 520L0635,
October 2010, page 41, 58.
4) Sauer-Danfoss Literature, 520L0603,
August 2010, page 29.
5) Sauer-Danfoss Literature 11063344,
Jul 2010, page 14.
6) Sauer-Danfoss Literature 11063344,
Jul 2010, page 10.
7) Sauer-Danfoss Literature 11071849,
Oct 2010, cover page.
Rev BA,
Rev CE,
Rev EJ,
Rev FF,
Rev CA,
PWM Pulse Width Modulated
Rev CA,
Rev BB,
CONTACT
Craig Klocke is currently Leader of the Global Propel
Systems Technology Team for Sauer-Danfoss and