NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOODS MISSION

Mission Document

Ministry of Rural Development

Government of India
New Delhi

NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOODS MISSION

Mission Document

Ministry of Rural Development

Government of India

Introduction

he mandate of the Ministry of Rural

Development (MoRD), GoI is rural poverty
alleviation through programmes directly
targeted at the rural poor households. Within the
directly targeted category, there are programmes
focused on wage employment and programmes
focused on self-employment. The Swarnajayanti
Grameen Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY) is the Ministry
programme which focuses on self-employment.
This programme was launched in the year 1999,
by restructuring the Integrated Rural Development
Programme (IRDP).
The cornerstone of the SGSY strategy was that the
poor need to be organised and their capacities
built up systematically so that they can access
self-employment opportunities. In the 10 years
of implementing SGSY, there has developed a
widespread acceptance in the country of the need
for poor to be organised into SHGs as a prerequisite for their poverty reduction.
Comprehensive reviews of SGSY have brought
into focus several shortcomings like vast regional
variations in mobilisation of rural poor; insufficient
capacity building of beneficiaries; insufficient
investments for building community institutions;
and weak linkages with banks leading to low credit
mobilization and repeat financing. Several states

have not been able to fully utilise the funds received

under SGSY due to lack of dedicated human
resources and appropriate delivery systems. In
the absence of aggregate institutions of the poor,
such as the SHG federations, the poor households
could not access higher order support services for
productivity enhancement, marketing linkage, risk
management, etc. SGSY has been found to be
more successful wherever systematic mobilisation
of the poor into SHGs and their capacity building
and skill development has been taken up in a
systematic manner. In other places, the impact has
not been significant.
The magnitude of the task of rural poverty alleviation
through direct interventions in self-employment is
enormous. Out of the estimated 7.0 crore rural BPL
households, 4.5 crore households still need to be
organised into SHGs. A significant number of these
households are extremely vulnerable. Even the
existing SHGs need further strengthening. It was in
this background that Government have approved
the restructuring of SGSY as the National Rural
Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), to be implemented in
a mission mode across the country. NRLM builds
on the core strengths of the SGSY and incorporates
the important lessons from large scale experiences
in the country.

Introduction |

NRLM has an ambitious mandate. It aims

to reach out to all the rural poor families (BPL
families) and link them to sustainable livelihoods
opportunities. It will nurture them till they come
out of poverty and enjoy a decent quality of life.
To achieve this, NRLM will put in place dedicated
and sensitive support structures at various levels.
These structures will work towards organising the
poor, building their capacities and the capacities
of their organisations, enabling them access to
finance and other livelihoods resources. The
support institutions will play the roles of initiating
the processes of organising them in the beginning,
providing the livelihoods services and sustaining
the livelihoods outcomes subsequently. The support
structures will also work with the unemployed
rural poor youth for skilling them and providing
employment either in jobs, mostly in high growth
sectors, or in remunerative self-employment and
micro-enterprises.
The Institutions of the poor SHGs, their federations
and livelihoods collectives - provide the poor
the platforms for collective action based on selfhelp and mutual cooperation. They become a
strong demand system. They build linkages with
mainstream institutions, including banks, and
Government departments to address their core
livelihoods issues and other dimensions of poverty.
These institutions provide savings, credit and other
financial services to meet their priority needs. These
include consumption needs, debt redemption, food
and health security and livelihoods. They augment
knowledge, skills, tools, assets, infrastructure, own
funds and other resources for the members. They
increase incomes, reduce expenditures, increase
gainful employment and reduce risks for their
members. They also increase their voice, space and
bargaining power in dealing with service providers.
Mobilising the poor into their institutions needs to be
induced by an external sensitive support structure.
Government agencies, NGOs and civil society
organisations, Local self governments, banks and
corporate sector can play this role. With time, as
the institutions of poor grow and mature, they
themselves become sensitive support structures

and institutions for the poor. The dependence

on external support structures should decline over
time. Their successful and empowered members
and leaders take charge of and accelerate many
of these processes. Thus, the programme for the
poor becomes the programme by the poor.
These two transitions are critical for the success of
NRLM. Poverty is a complex and multidimensional
phenomenon. The institutions of poor therefore
need to engage in many sectors and with several
service providers. Their ability and effectiveness
improves with time and experience. However, after
the initial learning curve, the progress picks up
speed with quality.
Based on MoRDs extensive consultations
with various stakeholders including the State
Governments, Civil Society Organisations,
Bankers and academicians, the NRLM Framework
for Implementation has been developed. NRLM
is a learning mission and learns from all the best
practices of poverty eradication and also from
failures. Like the Mission, its Framework for
Implementation is a learning, live and dynamic
framework. This framework offers space for local
plans based on local context and offers space
for learning from the experiences in the field
as the implementation progresses. Each state
would develop its own Operational Guidelines
for implementation of NRLM within the broad
contours of the framework. Thematic and issuebased National Operational Manuals would
also be made available as the implementation
progresses.
NRLM endeavours, through its dedicated sensitive
support structures and organisations at various
levels, to reach out to all the BPL households in
the country, and take them out of poverty through
building their capacities, financial muscle and
access, and self-managed self-reliant institutions;
through placement in jobs, and nurturing them into
remunerative self-employment and enterprises.
The institutions of the poor gradually take charge
of supporting their members being in control of
their livelihoods, lives and destiny.

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

Mission, Principles, Values

The core belief of National Rural Livelihoods

Mission (NRLM) is that the poor have innate
capabilities and a strong desire to come out
of poverty. They are entrepreneurial, an essential
coping mechanism to survive under conditions
of poverty. The challenge is to unleash their
capabilities to generate meaningful livelihoods
and enable them to come out of poverty. The first
step in this process is motivating them to form
their own institutions. They and their institutions
are provided sufficient capacities to manage the
external environment, enabled to access finance,
and to expand their skills and assets and convert
them into meaningful livelihoods. This requires
continuous handholding support. An external
dedicated, sensitive support structure, from the
national level to the sub-district level, is required to
induce such social mobilisation, institution building
and livelihoods promotion.
Strong institutional platforms of the poor, enable
them to build-up their own human, social, financial
and other resources. These capabilities enable them
to access their rights, entitlements and livelihoods
opportunities and services, both from the public
and private sector. The social mobilisation process
enhances solidarity, voice and bargaining power of
the poor. These processes enable them to pursue
viable livelihoods based on leveraging their own

resources, skills and preferences. Thus, they come

out of abject poverty and do not fall back into
poverty. NRLM also believes that the programme
can be up scaled in a time bound manner, only if
it is driven by the poor.

NRLM Mission
To reduce poverty by enabling the poor
households to access gainful self-employment and
skilled wage employment opportunities resulting
in appreciable improvement in their livelihoods
on a sustainable basis, through building strong
and sustainable grassroots institutions of the
poor.

NRLM Guiding Principles

Poor have a strong desire to come out of

poverty, and they have innate capabilities.

Social mobilisation and building strong

institutions of the poor is critical for
unleashing the innate capabilities of the
poor.

An external dedicated and sensitive support

structure is required to induce the social
mobilisation, institution building and
empowerment process.

Mission, Principles, Values |

Facilitating
knowledge
dissemination,
skill building, access to credit, access to
marketing, and access to other livelihoods
services enables them to enjoy a portfolio of
sustainable livelihoods.

NRLM Values
The core values which guide all the activities under
NRLM are as follows:

Inclusion of the poorest, and meaningful role

to the poorest in all the processes.

Transparency and accountability

processes and institutions.

Ownership and key role of the poor and

their institutions in all stages planning,
implementation and monitoring.

Community
dependence.

self-reliance

and

of

all

self-

Approach
Towards building, supporting and sustaining
livelihoods of the poor, NRLM harnesses the innate
capabilities of the poor, complements them with
capacities (information, knowledge, skills, tools,
finance and collectivisation) to deal with the rapidly
changing external world. Being conscious of the
livelihoods activities being varied, NRLM works
on three pillars enhancing and expanding
existing livelihoods options of the poor;
building skills for the job market outside; and
nurturing self-employed and entrepreneurs.
Dedicated support structures build and strengthen
the institutional platforms of the poor. These
platforms, with the support of their built-up human
and social capital, offer a variety of livelihoods
services to their members across the value-chains of
key products and services of the poor. These services

NRLM
Livelihood Services

Institutional
Platforms of Poor
(SHGs, Federations and
Livelihoods Collectives:
Aggregating and Federating
Poor, Women, Small &
Marginal Farmers, SCs, STs
and other marginalized and
vulnerable)

ile f
m o es
st ry vic
La live er
e S
D lic
n
Pu

INNOVATIONS
Building Enabling Environment
Partnerships and Convergence

Human and
Social Capital
(Leaders, CRPs,
Community ParaProfessionals)

En Acc
tit es
le s
m to
en
ts

Dedicated Support
Institutions
(Professionals,
Learning Platform
M & E Systems)

t
ke s
ar ge
M ka
n
Li

T
Pr ech
o
Pr du no
od ct log
uc ion y,
tiv &
ity

Financial & Capital

Services

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

include financial and capital services, production

and productivity enhancement services that include
technology, knowledge, skills and inputs, market
linkages etc. The interested rural BPL youth would
be offered skill development after counselling and
matching the aptitude with the job requirements,
and placed in jobs that are remunerative. Selfemployed and entrepreneurial oriented poor
would be provided skills and financial linkages
and nurtured to establish and grow with microenterprises for products and services in demand.
These platforms also offer space for convergence
and partnerships with a variety of stakeholders,
by building an enabling environment for poor to
access their rights and entitlements, public services
and innovations. The aggregation of the poor,
through their institutions, reduces transaction costs
to the individual members, makes their livelihoods
more viable and accelerates their journey out of
poverty.
NRLM implementation is in a Mission Mode.
This enables: (a) shift from the present allocation
based strategy to a demand driven strategy,

enabling the states to formulate their own

livelihoods-based poverty reduction action
plans, (b) focus on targets, outcomes and time
bound delivery, (c) continuous capacity building,
imparting requisite skills and creating linkages
with livelihoods opportunities for the poor,
including those emerging in the organised sector,
and (d) monitoring against targets of poverty
outcomes. As NRLM follows a demand driven
strategy, the States have the flexibility to develop
their livelihoods-based perspective plans and
annual action plans for poverty reduction.
The overall plans would be within the allocation
for the state based on inter-se poverty ratios.
The second dimension of demand driven strategy
implies that the ultimate objective is that the poor
will drive the agenda, through participatory
planning at grassroots level, implementation of
their own plans, reviewing and generating further
plans based on their experiences. The plans will not
only be demand driven, they will also be dynamic.
NRLM recognises and values the iterative nature of
the processes.

Mission, Principles, Values |

Key Features of NRLM

Social Inclusion and Institutions

of the Poor
1. Universal Social Mobilisation: To begin
with, NRLM would ensure that at least one
member from each identified rural poor
household, preferably a woman, is brought
under the Self Help Group (SHG) network
in a time bound manner. Subsequently, both
women and men would be organised for
addressing livelihoods issues i.e. farmers
organisations, milk producers cooperatives,
weavers associations, etc. All these institutions
are inclusive and no poor would be left out of
them. NRLM would ensure adequate coverage
of vulnerable sections of the society such that
50% of the beneficiaries are SC/STs, 15% are
minorities and 3% are persons with disability,
while keeping in view the ultimate target of
100% coverage of BPL families.
2. Promotion of Institutions of the poor: Strong
institutions of the poor such as SHGs and
their village level and higher level federations
are necessary to provide space, voice and
resources for the poor, and for reducing
their dependence on external agencies. They
empower them. They also act as instruments
of knowledge and technology dissemination,

and hubs of production, collectivisation and

commerce. NRLM, therefore, would focus on
setting up these institutions at various levels.
In addition, NRLM would promote specialised
institutions like Livelihoods collectives,
producers
cooperatives/companies
for
livelihoods promotion through deriving
economies of scale, backward and forward
linkages, and access to information, credit,
technology, markets etc. The Livelihoods
collectives would enable the poor to optimise
their limited resources.
There are existing institutions of the poor
women formed by Government efforts and
efforts of NGOs. NRLM would strengthen all
existing institutions of the poor in a partnership
mode. The self-help promoting institutions
both in the Government and in the NGO
sector would be supported. Further, existing
institutions and their leaders and staff would
be used as spearhead teams to support the
processes of forming and nurturing new
institutions.
3. Training, Capacity building and skill
building: NRLM would ensure that the poor are
provided with the requisite skills for: managing
their institutions, linking up with markets,

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

managing their existing livelihoods, enhancing

their credit absorption capacity and credit
worthiness, etc. A multi-pronged approach is,
envisaged, for continuous capacity building of
the targeted families, SHGs, their federations,
government functionaries, bankers, NGOs
and other key stakeholders. Particular focus
would be on developing and engaging
community professionals and community
resource persons for capacity building
of SHGs and their federations and other
collectives. NRLM would make extensive use
of ICT to make knowledge dissemination and
capacity building more effective.
4. Revolving Fund and Capital Subsidy:
Subsidy would be available in the form of
revolving fund and capital subsidy. The
Revolving Fund would be provided to the SHGs
(where more than 70% members are from
BPL households) as an incentive to inculcate
the habit of thrift and accumulate their own
funds towards meeting their credit needs in
the long-run and immediate consumption
needs in the short-run. Subsidy would be a
corpus and used for meeting the members
credit needs directly and as catalytic capital
for leveraging repeat bank finance. The key
to coming out of poverty is continuous and
easy access to finance, at reasonable rates,
till they accumulate their own funds in large
measure.
5. Universal Financial Inclusion: NRLM would
work towards achieving universal financial
inclusion, beyond basic banking services
to all the poor households, SHGs and their
federations. NRLM would work on both demand
and supply side of Financial Inclusion. On
the demand side, it would promote financial
literacy among the poor and provides catalytic
capital to the SHGs and their federations.
On the supply side, it would coordinate with
the financial sector and encourage use of
Information, Communication & Technology

(ICT) based financial technologies, business

correspondents and community facilitators
like Bank Mitras. It would also work towards
universal coverage of rural poor against loss
of life, health and assets. Further, it would
work on remittances, especially in areas where
migration is endemic.
6. Provision of Interest Subsidy: The rural
poor need credit at low rate of interest and
in multiple doses to make their ventures
economically viable. In order to ensure
affordable credit, NRLM has a provision for
subsidy on interest rate above 7% per annum
for all eligible SHGs, who have availed loans
from mainstream financial institutions, based
on prompt loan repayment. This subsidy would
be available to SHGs, where at least 70% of
the members are from BPL households, till
a member accesses credit, through repeat
cumulative loaning, up to Rs 1.00 lakh per
household. The interest subsidy would not be
applicable when a SHG avails capital subsidy.
However, interest subsidy would be provided
to this SHG, when they avail a fresh loan after
repaying the capital subsidy linked loan.

Livelihoods
7. Poor have multiple livelihoods as a coping
mechanism for survival. Their existing major
livelihoods are: wage labour, small and
marginal holding cultivation, cattle rearing,
forest produce, fishing, and traditional nonfarm occupations. The net incomes and
employment days from the current livelihoods
are not adequate to meet their expenditures.
NRLM would look at the entire portfolio of
livelihoods of each poor household, and work
towards stabilising and enhancing the existing
livelihoods and subsequently diversifying their
livelihoods.
8. Infrastructure creation and Marketing
support: NRLM would seek to ensure that

Key Features of NRLM |

the infrastructure needs for key livelihoods

activities of the poor are fully met. It would
also provide support for marketing to the
institutions of the poor. The range of activities,
in marketing support, includes market
research, market intelligence, technology,
extension, developing backward and forward
linkages and building livelihoods collectives
and supporting their business plans. NRLM
would encourage and support partnerships
with public and private organisations and
their networks/associations for these activities,
particularly for market linkages. Rural Haats
would also be encouraged to directly link
producer groups (SHGs) and individual
producers with urban and peri-urban markets
through a well developed system of continuous
identification and rotation of beneficiaries.
20% of the states programme outlay is
reserved for this purpose.
9. Skills and Placement Projects: NRLM
would pursue skill upgradation and placement
projects through partnership mode as it is one
of the best investments in youth, and provides
impetus to livelihoods opportunities in emerging
markets. For strengthening this, various models
of partnerships with public, private, nongovernment and community organisations
would be developed. A strong relationship would
also be developed with industry associations
and sector specific employers associations.
National Skill Development Corporation
(NSDC) would be one of the leading partners
in this effort. 15% of the central allocation
under NRLM is earmarked for this purpose.
10. Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs): NRLM encourages public sector
banks to set up RSETIs in all districts of the
country. RSETIs transform unemployed
rural youth in the district into confident selfemployed entrepreneurs through need-based
experiential learning programme followed by
systematic handholding support. Banks are

completely involved in selection, training and

post training follow-up stages. RSETIs partner
with others, including the institutions of the
poor, to realise their mandate and agenda.
11. Innovations: NRLM believes that successful
innovations can reduce the learning curve
for poverty eradication by showing a better
pathway or a different pathway out of poverty.
5% of the Central allocation is earmarked
for innovations. They should be end-toend solutions and have a clear mandate of
transferring knowledge and capabilities to
the livelihoods organisations of the poor.
Those innovations which have the potential
for reaching out specifically to the poorest;
or for reaching out to the largest number
of poor; and having maximum impact with
limited resources would be preferred and
supported.

Convergence and partnerships

12. Convergence: NRLM would place a
very high emphasis on convergence with
other programmes of the Ministry of Rural
Development and other Central Ministries,
and programmes of state governments for
developing synergies directly and through
the institutions of the poor.
13. Partnerships with NGOs and other CSOs:
NRLM would proactively seek partnerships
with Non-Government Organisations (NGOs)
and other Civil Society Organisations (CSOs),
at two levels -strategic and implementation.
The partnerships would be guided by
NRLMs core beliefs and values, and mutual
agreement on processes and outcomes.
NRLM would develop a national framework
for partnerships with NGOs and other CSOs.
Further, NRLM would seek partnerships with
various other stakeholders at various levels
directly, or through the institutions of the
poor.

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

14. Linkages with PRIs: In view of the eminent

roles of Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRIs) that
include governance, agency, commercial
and political, it is necessary to consciously
structure and facilitate a mutually beneficial
working relationship between Panchayats and
institutions of the poor, particularly at the level
of Village Panchayats. Formal mechanisms
would need to be established for regular
consultations between the institutions of the
poor and the PRIs for exchange of mutual
advice, support and sharing of resources.
However, care would be taken to protect
their autonomy. Where there are no PRIs, the
linkages would be with traditional local village
institutions.

Sensitive Support
15. External Sensitive Support Structures:
NRLMs process-intensive effort would
require
dedicated
human
resources.
Realising this, NRLM would be setting up
sensitive and dedicated support structures
at the National, State, district and subdistrict levels. NRLM Advisory, Coordination
and Empowered Committees and National
Mission Management Unit at the national
level, State Rural Livelihoods Missions
(SRLMs) as autonomous bodies and State
Mission Management Units at state level,
District Mission Management Units at district
level, and sub-district units at block and/or
cluster levels would constitute these support
structures. These structures would have
suitable linkages with Government(s), District
Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs), and
PRIs. The governance of DRDAs would be
revitalized with representatives of institutions
of the poor and professionalised so that
they respond better to meeting the needs
of the poor. These support structures would
be staffed with professionally competent
and dedicated human resources through

appropriate
arrangements
including
partnerships and outsourcing of services.
A clear objective of this support structure is
to incubate an internal sensitive support
structure, consisting of the institutions of the
poor, their staff and other social capital. Over
time, the role of the internal support structure
should increase and replace the external
structure in many of these processes.
16. Technical Support: NRLM would provide
technical assistance to the States and all
other partners for creating and strengthening
their institutional capacities for its effective
implementation. It would build national
knowledge management and learning forums/
systems. It would facilitate partnerships
between institutions of the poor and banking
sectors, public and private sectors, for
ensuring last mile service delivery to reach the
poor. It would build a national pool of experts,
practitioners and advisers in all the relevant
disciplines including social mobilisation,
institution building, microfinance, livelihoods,
skill development, entrepreneurship etc. They
would provide handholding support to SRLMs
for developing and executing state poverty
reduction strategies.
17. Monitoring and Learning: NRLM would
monitor its results, processes and activities
through web-enabled comprehensive MIS,
regular meetings of the Performance Review
Committee, visits by senior colleagues, Local,
District, State and National Monitoring Groups
and the mechanisms of Review and Planning
Missions. Process monitoring studies, thematic
studies and impact evaluations would provide
inputs to the above. It would also promote
social accountability practices to introduce
greater transparency. This would be in addition
to the mechanisms that would be evolved by
SRLMs and state governments. The learning
from one another underpins the key processes
of learning in NRLM.

Key Features of NRLM |

18. Funding Pattern: NRLM is a Centrally

Sponsored Scheme and the financing of the
programme would be shared between the
Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25
(90:10 in case of North Eastern States including
Sikkim; completely from the Centre in case of
UTs). The Central allocation earmarked for the
States would broadly be distributed in relation
to the incidence of poverty in the States.

staff and cover a whole range of activities

of universal and intense social and financial
inclusion, livelihoods, partnerships etc.
However, in the remaining blocks or nonintensive blocks, the activities may be limited
in scope and intensity. The outlays in these
blocks would be limited to the State average
allotment for these blocks under the present
SGSY.

19. Phased Implementation: Social capital

of the poor consists of the institutions of the
poor, their leaders, community professionals
and more importantly community resource
persons (poor women whose lives have been
transformed through the support of their
institutions). Building up social capital takes
some time in the initial years, but it multiplies
rapidly after some time. If the social capital of
the poor does not play the lead role in NRLM,
then it would not be a peoples programme.
Further, it is important to ensure that the quality
and effectiveness of the interventions is not
diluted. Therefore, a phased implementation
approach is adopted in NRLM. NRLM would
reach all districts and blocks by the end of
12th Five-year Plan.

20. Transition to NRLM: All States/UTs would

have to transit to NRLM within a period of
one year from the date of formal launch of
NRLM. Further funding under SGSY ceases
thereafter.

The blocks that are taken up for intensive

implementation of NRLM, would have access
to a full complement of trained professional

10

21. Agenda before NRLM: NRLM has set out

with an agenda to reach out, mobilise and
support 7.0 crore BPL households across
600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram
Panchayats, in 6.0 lakh villages in the
country into their self-managed SHGs and
their federal institutions and livelihoods
collectives. NRLMs long-term dedicated
sensitive support would be with them and
extend facilitation support in all their efforts
to get out of poverty. In addition, the poor
would be facilitated to achieve increased
access to their rights, entitlements and public
services, diversified risk and better social
indicators of empowerment.

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

Economic Assistance/Financial Norms/Ceilings

1. Formation of SHGs: Rs. 10,000 per SHG

to be given to NGOs/CBOs/Community
Coordinators/Facilitators/Animators towards
group formation and development.
2. Revolving Fund (RF): As a corpus to SHG
with a minimum of Rs. 10,000 to a maximum
of Rs. 15,000 per SHG. This is given to all
SHGs that have not received RF earlier. Only
those SHGs with more than 70% BPL members
are eligible for RF.
3. Capital Subsidy (CS): Capital subsidy ceiling
is applicable, both for members of SHGs and
individual beneficiaries @Rs. 15,000 per
general category and Rs. 20,000 per SC/ST
category. The maximum amount of subsidy that
an SHG is eligible for is Rs. 2.50 lakh. Only
BPL members are eligible for individual subsidy,
and only those SHGs with more than 70% BPL
members are eligible for the subsidy to SHGs.
4. Capacity building and skills training Rs. 7,500 per beneficiary: The amount
available under this component is used
for training and capacity building not only
of the beneficiaries but also of all other
stakeholders, including programme officers
and staff, community professionals, concerned
government officials, NGOs, PRI functionaries
etc. Expenditure on exposure visits and

immersion visits is also to be covered under

this component. The skills training here refer
to member level training for self-employment
and are distinct from the Placement-linked
Skills training.
5. Interest subsidy: Subsidy on interest rate
above 7% per annum for all SHG loans
availed from banks, based on prompt
repayment. Interest subsidy would be
provided to an individual beneficiary or
SHG member till he/she has availed a bank
loan up to an amount of Rs 1.00 lakh. It is
expected that there will be repeat doses of
financing to members in SHGs and this limit
of 1.0 Lakh is the cumulative loan availed by
a member (household). This subsidy is not
available on such occasions when the SHG
is availing capital subsidy.
6. One time grant for corpus fund for sustainability and effectiveness of federations:
Rs 10,000 for Village/Panchayat level
federation
Rs 20,000 for Block level federation
Rs 100,000 for District level federation
7. Administrative expenses: 5% of the
allocation, net of the component relating to
skill development & placement and net of
the component of RSETIs. This amounts to

Economic Assistance/Financial Norms/Ceilings |

11

5% of Central release to the State and the

corresponding State share.
8. Infrastructure and Marketing: Up to
20% (25% in case of north eastern states
and Sikkim) of the Central share and State
share of allocation i.e. states programme
outlay.
9. Skills and Placement
Innovations (20% of
allocation): Expenditure

12

Projects and
the Central
on innovative

projects should not exceed 5%; and the

remaining 15% is for placement linked skill
development projects. 50% of the allocation
for placement linked skill development
projects (7.5% of total allocation) is retained
at the centre for multi-state skill development
projects and the balance is allocated to states
to implement state specific skill development
and placement projects. The States have to
add the corresponding state share to the
amount released to them.

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

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xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;

Hkkjr ljdkj
ubZ fnYyh

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku

fe'ku nLrkost

xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;

Hkkjr Livelihoods
ljdkj
National Rural
Mission | Framework of Implementation
ubZ fnYyh

15

jk"V dh laLfr yksxksa ds vkRek vkSj fny esa jgrh gSA

eksgu nkl dje pan xkkh

16

National Rural Livelihoods Mission | Mission Document

Hkwfedk

xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dk dk;Z lh/ks xzkeh.k fu/kZu

ifjokjksa dks y{; esa j[kus okys dk;Zeksa ds tfj, xzkeh.k
xjhch dks nwj djuk gSA *R;{k :i ls yf{kr* Js.kh esa
,sls dk;Ze gSa] ftuesa etnwjh jkstxkj vkSj Lo&jkstxkj
ij foksk :i ls /;ku dsfUr fd;k tkrk gSA Lo.kZt;arh
xzke Lo&jkstxkj ;kstuk ,lth,lokbZ bl ea=ky; dk
egRoiw.kZ dk;Ze gSa] ftlesa Lo&jkstxkj ij cy fn;k
tkrk gSA lesfdr xzkeh.k fodkl dk;Ze vkbZvkjMhih
dks iquxZfBr djrs gq, okZ 1999 esa ;g dk;Ze kq:
fd;k x;k FkkA

dfe;ksa dk irk pyk gSA vusd jkT; lefiZr ekuo

lalk/kuksa ,oa mi;q lqiqnZxh .kkfy;ksa dh deh dh
otg ls ,lth,lokbZ ds varxZr feyh fuf/k;ksa dk
iwjh rjg mi;ksx ug dj ik,a gSaA ,l,pth ifjlaksa
tSlh lewg laLFkkvksa dh vuqifLFkfr esa fu/kZu ifjokj
mRikndrk lao/kZu] foi.ku laidZ] tksf[ke ca/ku vkfn
ds fy, mPp Js.kh dh lgk;d lsok,a ug kIr dj
ikrs gSaA tgka dg Hkh fu/kZuksa dks Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa
O;ofLFkr :i ls ,dtqV fd;k x;k gS vkSj O;ofLFkr
rjhds ls mudh {kerk dk fuekZ.k ,oa dkSky fodkl
fd;k x;k gS ogka ,lth,lokbZ dks dkQh vf/kd
fu/kZuksa dks laxfBr fd, tkus dh rFkk mudh {kerkvksa dks lQy ik;k x;k gSA vU; LFkkuksa esa i;kZIr Hkko ug
O;ofLFkr :i ls c<k+, tkus dh t:jr ,lth,lokbZ dh iM+k gSA
dk;Zuhfr dh eq[; fokskrk Fkh rkfd mUgsa Lo&jkstxkj
ds volj fey ldsaA ,lth,lokbZ ds dk;kZUo;u ds Lo&jkstxkj esa R;{k igyksa ds tfj, xzkeh.k fukZurk
10 okks esa nsk esa fu/kZuksa dks Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa dks nwj djus okyk dk;Z dk {ks= dkQh fokky gSA
laxfBr djus dh t:jr dks] tks fd mudh xjhch dks vuqekfur 7 djksM+ xzkeh.k chih,y ifjokjksa esa ls
nwj djus ds fy, iwoZ visf{kr gS] O;kid :i ls Lohdkj 4-5 djksM+ ifjokjksa dks vHkh Hkh Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa
laxfBr fd, tkus dh t:jr gSA bu ifjokjksa esa ls
fd;k x;k gSA
dkQh vf/kd ifjokj vR;ar misf{kr gSaA ;gka rd fd
,lth,lokbZ dh xgu leh{kkvksa ls xzkeh.k fu/kZuksa ekStwnk ,l,pth dks Hkh vkSj vf/kd lq< c+uk, tkus
dks ,dtqV djus esa dkQh vf/kd {ks=h; fofo/krk,a( dh t:jr gSA blh i`BHkwfe esa ljdkj us ,lth,lokbZ
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa vi;kZIr {kerk fuekZ.k( lkeqnkf;d dks jkVh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk feku ds :i esa iquxZfBr
laLFkku cukus ds fy, vi;kZIr fuosk( vkSj cSdksa ds djus dh eatwjh ns nh gS ftls nsk Hkj esa feku eksM esa
lkFk de laidZ ftldh otg ls _.k dh miyC/krk dk;kZfUor fd;k tk,xkA ,uvkj,y,e esa ,lth,lokbZ
de gks tkrh gS rFkk ckjackj fok iksk.k tSlh vusd ds egRoiw.kZ igywvksa ij /;ku fn;k x;k gS vkSj blesa

Hkwfedk A

17

nsk esa cM+s iSekus ij kIr gq, vuqHkoksa dh eq[k lh[kksa ;s lqfo/kknkrkvksa ls dkjksckj ds nkSjku mudh rksyeksy
dks lekfoV fd;k x;k gSA
dh kf dks c<k+rh gSaA
,uvkj,y,e dk dk;Z dkQh vf/kd egRokdka{kh gSA
bldk ms; lHkh xzkeh.k fu/kZu ifjokjksa chih,y
ifjokjksa rd igqapuk vkSj mUgsa vkthfodk ds LFkk;h
volj eqgS;k djkuk gSA ;g ml le; rd mudk
ikyu&iksk.k djrk jgsxk tc rd os xjhch ls mHkjdj
lEekuiw.kZ thou O;rhr u djus yxsA bl ms'; dks
iwjk djus ds fy, ,uvkj,y,e esa fofHk Lrjksa ij
lefiZr ,oa laosnukhy lgk;d lajpuk,a cukbZ xbZ
gSaA ;s lajpuk,a fu/kZuksa dks laxfBr djus] mudh rFkk
muds laxBuksa dh {kerkvksa dk fuekZ.k djus] fuf/k;ka
vkSj vU; vkthfodk laca/kh lalk/ku kIr djus esa
mUgsa leFkZ cukus dh fnkk esa dk;Z djrh gSaA lgk;d
laLFkk,a kjaHk esa mUgsa laxfBr djus dh f;k kq:
djus] vkthfodk laca/kh lsok,a eqgS;k djkus vkSj ckn
esa vkthfodk ifj.kkeksa dks cjdjkj j[kus dh Hkwfedk
fuHkkrh gSaA lgk;d lajpuk,a gquj fodkl ds fy,
xzkeh.k csjkstxkj fu/kZu ;qodksa ds lkFk feydj dk;Z
djsaxh vkSj mUgsa ;k rks vf/kd fodkl okys {ks=ksa esa ;k
ykHkn Lo&jkstxkj vkSj ekbks bUVjkbtst esa dke
fnyok,xhA
fu/kZuksa dh laLFkk,a&,l,pth] muds ifjla vkSj
vkthfodk lewg&xzkeh.k xjhcksa dks Lo&lgk;rk vkSj
ijLij lg;ksx ij vk/kkfjr lkewfgd dk;Zokgh ds fy,
,d eap eqgS;k djkrh gSaA os ekax dh ,d lk .kkyh
cu tkrh gSA os cSadksa vkSj ljdkjh foHkkxksa lfgr eq[k
laLFkkvksa ds lkFk laidZ c<k+rh gS rkfd muds vkthfodk
laca/kh eq[k eqksa rFkk xjhch ds vU; vk;keksa dk
lekkku fd;k tk ldsA ;s laLFkk,a mudh kFkfedrk
vk/kkfjr t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, cpr tek
vkSj vU; fokh; lsok,a eqgS;k djkrh gSaA buesa miHkksx
laca/kh t:jrsa] _.k ls jkgr] [kk| vkSj LokLF; lqj{kk
rFkk vkthfodk kkfey gSaA ;s dkSky] Kku] lk/kuksa]
vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kk] Lo;a dh fuf/k;ksa vkSj lnL;ksa ds fy,
vU; lalk/kuksa dk lao/kZu djrh gSaA ;s vk; dks c<k+rh
gSa] [kpZ dks de djrh gSa] ykHkn jkstxkj dks c<k+rh gSa
rFkk vius lnL;ksa ds fy, tksf[keksa dks de djrh gSaA

18

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

fu/kZuksa dks mudh laLFkkvksa esa ck laosnukhy lgk;d

lajpuk ds tfj, ,dtqV djus dh t:jr gSA ljdkjh
,tsafl;ka] xSj&ljdkjh laxBu vkSj flfoy lkslkbVh
laxBu] LFkkuh; Lokklh ljdkj] cSad vkSj dkWjiksjsV
{ks= ;g Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSaA le; ds lkFk&lkFk
pwafd fu/kZuksa dh laLFkk,a Hkh fodflr vkSj ifjiDo gks
tkrh gSa blfy, os Lo;a laosnukhy lgk;d lajpuk
vkSj fu/kZu dh laLFkk,a cu tkrh gSaA le; chrus ds
lkFk&lkFk ck lgk;d lajpukvksa ij fuHkZjrk de
gksxhA muds lQy vkSj lk lnL; rFkk eqf[k;k
bl dk;Z dk ftEek ys ldrs gSa vkSj buesa ls vusd
f;kvksa esa rsth yk ldrs gSaA bl dkj fu/kZuksa ds
fy, dk;Ze fu/kZuksa }kjk pyk;k tkus okyk dk;Ze
cu tkrk gSA ;s nks igyw ,uvkj,y,e dh lQyrk
ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSaA xjhch ,d tfVy vkSj cgqvk;keh
Vuk gSA blfy, fu/kZu dh laLFkkvksa dks vusd {ks=ksa
esa rFkk vusd lqfo/kknkrkvksa ds lkFk dke ij yxk,
tkus dh t:jr gSA le; vkSj vuqHko ds lkFk&lkFk
mudh ;ksX;rk,a vkSj Hkkfodrk Hkh c<r+h gS rFkkfi
kq:vkrh fk{k.k f;k ds lkFk xq.kokk ds lkFk xfr
esa Hkh rsth vkbZ gSA
jkT; ljdkjksa] flfoy lkslkbVh laxBuksa] cSadksa vkSj
fk{kkfonksa lfgr fofHkUUk LVsd gksYMjksa ds lkFk xzkeh.k
fodkl ea=ky; ds foLr`r ijkekZ ds vk/kkj ij
dk;kZUo;u ds fy, ,uvkj,y,e dk seodZ rS;kj
fd;k x;k gSA ,uvkj,y,e ,d lh[kus okyk feku
gS vkSj ;g xjhch mUewyu ds lHkh mRB dk;ks
vkSj lkFk&lkFk viuh vlQyrkvksa ls Hkh lh[k ysrk
gSA ;g seodZ LFkkuh; fok; ij vk/kkfjr LFkkuh;
;kstukvksa ds fy, LFky eqgS;k djkrk gS vkSj tSls&tSls
dk;kZUo;u vkxs c<r+k gS ;g {ks= esa vuqHkoksa ls lh[kus
ds fy, LFkku eqgS;k djkrk gSA ,uvkj,y,e ds
dk;kZUo;u ds fy, R;sd jkT; dks viuk ifjpkyu
fnkkfunZs'k rS;kj djuk pkfg,A dk;kZUo;u esa xfr
ds lkFk&lkFk fok; vkSj ekeyk vk/kkfjr jkVh;
ifjpkyu fu;ekoyh Hkh miyC/k djkbZ tk,xhA

,uvkj,y,e fofHkUUk Lrjksa ij viuh lefiZr laosnukhy

lgk;d lajpukvksa vkSj laxBuksa ds tfj, nsk esa lHkh
chih,y ifjokjksa rd igqapus dk vkSj mudh {kerkvksa]
vkfFkZd fLFkfr ,oa Locaf/kr vkRefooklh laLFkkvksa
dk fuekZ.k djds( ukSdfj;ksa esa fu;kstu ds tfj, rFkk

mUgsa ykHkn Lojkstxkj rFkk m|eksa esa fu;ksftr djrs

gq, mUgsa xjhch ls mckjus dk ;Ru djrk gSA fu/kZu
dh laLFkk,a viuh vkthfodkvksa] thou vkSj HkkX; ds
v/khu /khjs&/khjs vius lnL; dh lgk;rk dk ftEek
ys jgh gSaA

Hkwfedk A

19

fe'ku] fl)kar vkSj uSfrd ewY;

jkVh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk feku ,uvkj,y,e dh

eq[; /kkj.kk ;g gS fd fu/kZuksa esa xjhch ls mcjus dh
lgt {kerk vkSj lk bPNk gksrh gSA os m|ekhy
gksrs gSa vkSj muesa xjhch dh fLFkfr;ksa esa xqtj clj djus
dh {kerk gksrh gSA pqukSrh bl ckr dh gS fd lkFkZd
vkthfodk l`ftr djus ds fy, {kerkvksa dks mckjk tk,
vkSj mUgsa xjhch ls ckgj fudy ikus esa leFkZ cuk;k
tk,A bl f;k dk igyk pj.k mUgsa mudh Lo;a dh
laLFkk,a cukus ds fy, sfjr djuk gSA ck ekgkSy ls
fuiVus] fok iksk.k kIr djus esa leFkZ cukus vkSj muds
gquj vkSj ifjlaifk;ksa dk foLrkj djus rFkk mUgsa lkFkZd
vkthfodk esa cnyus ds fy, mUgsa rFkk mudh laLFkkvksa
i;kZIr lgk;rk miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA blds fy,
yxkrkj ekSds ij lgk;rk miyC/k djkus dh t:jr
gSA jkV Lrj ls mi&ftyk Lrj rd ck] lefiZr]
laosnukhy lgk;d lajpuk ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS
fd og ,slh lkekftd ,dtqVrk yk,a] laLFkkxr fuekZ.k
djsa rFkk vkthfodk dks c<k,aA
fu/kZuksa dk lk laLFkkxr eap mUgsa vius Lo;a ds
ekuo] lkekftd] fokh; vkSj vU; lalk/ku rS;kj djus
esa leFkZ cukrk gSA bu {kerkvksa ls os lkoZtfud rFkk
futh nksuksa {ks=ksa ls vius vf/kdkj] gd rFkk vkthfodk
volj vkSj lsok,a kIr dj ikrs gSaA lkekftd ,dtqVrk
dh f;k fu/kZuksa esa HkkbZpkjk] vfHkO;f vkSj rksyeksy
dh kf dks c<k+rh gSA bu f;kvksa ls os vius Lo;a

20

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

ds lalk/kuksa] gquj vkSj kFkfedrkvksa ds Lrj dks c<k+us

ds lkFk&lkFk O;ogk;Z vkthfodk esa yxs jg ldrs gSaA
bl dkj os vR;ar fu/kZurk ls ckgj fudy vkrs gSa
vkSj nqckjk xjhch ds tky esa ug QlrsA ,uvkj,y,e
;g Hkh ekurk gS fd ;fn bls fu/kZuksa }kjk lapkfyr
fd;k tk, rks le;c) <ax ls bl dk;Ze esa xfr
gks ldrh gSA

,uvkj,y,e feku
tehuh Lrj ij fu/kZuksa dh lk ,oa LFkk;h laLFkk
cukdj xzkeh.k ifjokjksa dks ykHkn jkstxkj ,oa gqujean
etnwjh jkstxkj ds volj kIr djus esa leFkZ cukrs gq,
xjhch dks de djuk ftlds QyLo:i mudh vkthfodk
esa fujarj vk/kkj ij mYys[kuh; c<ksrjh gksxhA

,uvkj,y,e ekxZnk fl)kar

fu/kZuksa esa xjhch ls fudyus dh etcwr bPNk gksrh

gS vkSj muesa lgt {kerk,a Hkh gSaA

fu/kZuksa dh lgt {kerkvksa dks mckjus ds fy,

mudh lkekftd ,dtqVrk vkSj lk laLFkkvksa
dk fuekZ.k dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSA

lkekftd ,dtqVrk ykus] laLFkkxr fuekZ.k rFkk

lkfdj.k f;k ds fy, ,d ck lefiZr

vkSj laosnukhy lgk;d lajpuk dh vko;drk

gSA

tkudkjh dk pkj&lkj] dkSky fodkl] _.k

dh miyC/krk rFkk cktkj igqap ,oa vkthfodk
laca/kh vU; lsok,a miyC/k djkus esa lgk;rk djus
ls os LFkk;h vkthfodk kIr dj ldrs gSaA

lHkh Lrjksa&fu;kstu] dk;kZUo;u vkSj fuxjkuh esa

fu/kZuksa vkSj mudh laLFkkvksa dk LokfeRo ,oa eq[k
HkwfedkA

lkeqnkf;d vkRefookl vkSj vkRefuHkZjrkA

fVdks.k

,uvkj,y,e dk uSfrd ewY;

xjhcksa ds {kerk fuekZ.k] lgk;rk vkSj vkthfodk lq<

d+jus ds fy, ,uvkj,y,e xjhcksa dh vUrfuZfgr {kerk
,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr lHkh f;kdykiksa dk ekxZnkZu
dk mi;ksx djsxk] muds {kerk tkudkjh] Kku] dkSky]
djus okys uSfrd ewY; fuEukuqlkj gSa%
lk/ku] fok vkSj lesdu fuekZ.k esa lg;ksx djsxk rkfd
vR;ar fu/kZuksa dks kkfey djuk vkSj lHkh f;kvksa rsth ls cnyrh nqfu;k ds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir fd;k
esa vR;ar fu/kZuksa ds fy, lkFkZd HkwfedkA
tk ldsA cnyrs vkthfodk f;kdykiksa dks /;ku esa
lHkh f;kvksa vkSj laLFkkvksa esa ikjnfkZrk ,oa j[krs gq, ,uvkj,y,e rhu ekeyksa ij dk;Z djsxk%&
tokcnsghA
xjhcksa dh vkthfodk ekStnw k fodYiksa dh o`f) ,oa foLrkj]

,uvkj,y,e

vkthfodk lsok,a

kS|

kj
ckt aidZ
l

ksfx
d
mR h] m
ikn Ri
dr knu
k
,

oa

fokh; ,oa iwathxr lsok,a

xjhcksa dk laLFkkxr eap

Lolgk;rk lewg] ifjla?k
,oa vkthfodk lewg]
xjhcksa] efgykvksa] y?kq ,oa
lhekar fdlkuksa]
v-tk-v-t-tk- ,oa
vU; misf{kr rFkk nqcZy oxks

lefiZr lgk;d laLFkk

isksoj] fk{k.k eap] ,e
,oa bZ ra=

h
ksa d
kv Zxh
lso lqiqn
tu afre
v

gd

nkj
dj h mi
kuk yC
k

ekuoh; ,oa
lkekftd iwath
usrk] lhvkjih,l]
leqnk; v)Z&isksoj

vfHkuo dk;Z

lgk;d okrkoj.k iSnk djuk

lk>snkjh ,oa rkyesy

fe'ku] fl)kar vkSj uSfrd ewY; A

21

cktkj ds ckgj jkstxkj cktkj ds fy, dkS'ky fodkl ,uvkj,y,e dk dk;kZUo;u feku ds :i esa fd;k tk
vkSj Lofu;ksftr O;f;ksa vkSj m|fe;ksa dks lg;ksxA
jgk gSA ;g leFkZdkjh cukrk gS% d orZeku vkcaVu
vk/kkfjr dk;Zuhfr ls ekax vk/kkfjr dk;Zuhfrd dh
lefiZr lgk;d lajpuk ls xjhcksa ds laLFkkxr eap dk
fuekZ.k ,oa lq<h+dj.k gksxkA ;s eap & viuh ekuoh; vksj cnyko] ftlls jkT; dks viuh vkthfodk
,oa lkekftd iwt
a h ds lg;ksx ls xjhcksa ds eq[; mRiknksa vkkkfjr xjhch mikeu dk;Z ;kstuk,a cukus esa leFkZ
vkSj lsokvksa dh ewY; J`[a kyk esa vius lnL;ksa dks fofHkUUk cukrk gS [k y{;ksa] ifj.kkeksa vkSj le;c) lqiqnZxh
vkthfodk lsok,a miyC/k djk,axAs bu lsokvksa esa fokh; ij /;ku dsfUr djrk gS] x xjhcksa ds lkFk&lkFk
,oa iwt
a hxr lsok,a] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk lao)Zu lsok,a laxfBr {ks= esa mHkjus okys yksxksa ds fy, vkthfodk
ftuesa kS|ksfxdh] Kku] dkSky ,oa lalk/ku vkSj foi.ku ds voljksa ds lkFk lrr {kerk fuekZ.k] i;kZIr
laidZ fufgr gS]a kkfey gSAa ijkekZ ,oa jkstxkj dkSky miyC/k djkuk vkSj laidZ LFkkfir djuk vkSj
vko;drkvksa ds lkFk ;ksX;rk dk lkeatL; djus ds xjhch nwj djus ds y{; dh fuxjkuhA pwfd
ipkr bPNqd xzkeh.k chih,y ;qokvksa dk dkSky fodkl ,uvkj,y,e ekax vk/kkfjr dk;Zuhfr dk vuqlj.k
fd;k tk,xk vkSj mUgsa ikfjJfed okys jkstxkj esa yxk;k djrk gS blfy,] jkT;ksa dks xjhch mikeu ds fy,
tk,xkA Lofu;ksftr vkSj m|e mUeq[k xjhcksa dks dkSky viuh vkthfodk vk/kkfjr lankZ ;kstuk,a ,oa okfkZd
lac/a kh ,oa fokh; laidZ miyC/k djk;k tk,xk vkSj ekax dk;Z ;kstuk,a cukus ds fy, NwV nh xbZ gSA lexz
ds vuqlkj mRiknksa ,oa lsokvksa ds fy, yq mieksa ds ;kstuk,a vkarfjd xjhch vuqikr ds vk/kkj ij jkT; ds
lkFk LFkkfir ,oa lao)
` djus ds fy, lg;ksx fn;k fy, vkcaVu ds Hkhrj gksxhA ekax vk/kkfjr dk;Zuhfr
tk,xkA ;s eap xjhcksa ds fy, lgk;d okrkoj.k iSnk dj ds f}rh; Lo:i ls rkRi;Z gS fd vafre ms; gS fd
fofHkUUk LVsd gksYMjksa ds lkFk rkyesy ,oa Hkkxhnkjh ds os fupys Lrj ij Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ vk;kstuk] viuh dk;Z
fy, txg miyC/k djkrk gS rkfd os vius vf/kdkj ,oa ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u] vius vuqHkoksa ds vkkkj ij
gdnkjh] tu lsok,a ,oa vfHkuo lqfo/kk,a kIr dj ldsAa Hkkoh ;kstukvksa dh leh{kk rFkk fuekZ.k ds tfj, xjhc
xjhcksa ds lesdu ls O;f viuh&viuh laLFkkvksa ds dk;Zlwph dk lapkyu djsaxsA ;s ;kstuk,a dsoy ekax
tfj, vyx&vyx lnL;ksa dks dkjksckjh ykxr esa jkgr vk/kkfjr ug gksxh cfYd os fujUrj pyrh jgsxhA
feyrh gS] viuh vkthfodk dks vf/kd O;ogk;Z cukrk gS ,uvkj,y,e f;kvksa dh iqujko`rh; Lo:i dh
igpku cukrk gSA
vkSj xjhch ls khz ckgj vkus esa enn djrk gSA

22

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

,uvkj,y,e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a

lkekftd vUroZsku vkSj tula[;k

1- loZO;kih lkekftd tkxj.k% vkjaHk esa ,uvkj,y,e
;g lqfufpr djsxk fd R;sd fu/kkZfjr xzkeh.k
xjhc ifjokj ls de ls de ,d lnL; fokskdj
efgyk lnL; dks le;c) <ax ls Lolgk;rk lewg
usVodZ esa yk;k x;k gSA blds ckn efgyk vkSj
iq:k nksuksa dks vkthfodk laca/kh ekeyksa vFkkZr
kd laxBu] nw/k mRiknd lgdkjh laxBu] cqudj
la vkfn] dk lek/kku djus ds fy, laxfBr fd;k
tk,xkA lHkh laLFkk,a lekoskh gSa vkSj muesa ls
fdlh xjhc dks ug NksM+k tk,xkA ,uvkj,y,e
lekt ds nqcZy oxks dk i;kZIr dojst lqfufpr
djsxk ftlls fd chih,y ifjokjksa ds kr&frkr
dojst ds vafre y{; ds esutj 50 fr'kr
ykHkkFk efgyk,a] 15 fr'kr ykHkkFk vYila[;d
vkSj 3 fr'kr ykHkkFk viax O;f esa ls gksA

blds vfrfj] ,uvkj,y,e vf/kd mRiknu]

gjlaHko lgk;rk] lwpuk] _.k] kS|ksfxdh] cktkj
vkfn miyCk djkdj fofkV laLFkkvksa ;Fkk &
vkthfodk lewgksa] mRiknu] lgdkjh laksa daifu;ksa
dks c<k+ok nsxkA
vkthfodk lewg xjhcksa dks vius lhfer lalk/kuksa
dk vuqdwy mi;ksx djus esa l{ke cuk,xkA ljdkjh
,oa xSj&ljdkjh ;klksa }kjk fufeZr xjhc efgykvksa
ds laxBu gSaA ,uvkj,y,e lHkh ekStwnk laLFkkvksa
dks lk>snkjh Lo:i esa lq< c+uk,xkA ljdkjh
,oa xSj&ljdkjh nksuksa esa Lolgk;rk lao)Zu laLFkk
dh lgk;rk dh tk,xhA blds vfrfj] ekStwnk
laLFkkvksa vkSj muds /kku ,oa LVkQ dk vxz.kh
laLFkkvksa ds :i esa mi;ksx fd;k tk,xk rkfd ubZ
laLFkk,a cukus vkSj mudk lapkyu djus dh f;k
dks lg;ksx fn;k tk ldsA

2- tu laLFkkvksa dks c<k+ok% xjhcksa dh lq< l+aLFkk 3- fk{k.k] {kerk fuekZ.k vkSj dkSky fuekZ.k%
;Fkk & Lolgk;rk lewg vkSj muds xzke Lrjh; rFkk
,uvkj,y,e ;g lqfufpr djsxk fd xjhcksa
mPp Lrjh; ifjla xjhcksa ds fy, LFkku] Hkwfedk
dks fuEufyf[kr ds fy, i;kZIr dkSky miyC/k
vkSj lalk/ku miyC/k djkuk vkSj ckgjh ,tsafl;ksa
djk,xk% viuh laLFkkvksa dk ca/ku djuk] cktkj
ij mudh fuHkZjrk de djus ds fy, vko;d gSA
ds lkFk laidZ LFkkfir djuk] ekStwnk vkthfodk
os mUgsa vf/kdkj lai cukrs gSaA os Kku ds lk/ku
dk ca/ku djuk] mudh _.k mi;ksx {kerk rFkk
rFkk kS|ksfxdh lkj vkSj mRiknu] lkewfgdhdj.k
_.k lk[k c<k+ukA yf{kr ifjokjksa] Lo&lgk;rk
vkSj okf.kT; dsU ds :i esa Hkh dk;Z djrs gSaA
lewgksa] muds ifjlaksa] ljdkjh dfeZ;ksa] cSadjksa]

,uvkj,y,e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a A

23

xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa vkSj vU; eq[; LVsdgksYMjksa

dk;Z djsxkA lkFk gh] ;g fokskdj mu {ks=ksa esa
ds fy, cgq&lw=h; fVdks.k dh ladYiuk dh xbZ
tgk iyk;u LFkkfud gS] Hksth gqbZ jde ls lacaf/kr
gSA Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa vkSj muds ifjlaksa rFkk
dk;Z djsxkA
vU; lewgksa ds {kerk fuekZ.k ds fy, lkeqnkf;d
6- C;ktxr lfClMh miyC/k djkuk% xzkeh.k xjhcksa
isksojksa vkSj lkeqnkf;d lalk/ku O;f;ksa dks dk;Z
dks de C;kt nj ij rFkk fofo/k ek=k esa _.k
esa yxkus ij foksk /;ku dsfUr fd;k tk,xkA
dh vko;drk gksrh gS rkfd muds ;klksa dks
,uvkj,y,e Kku&lkj vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k
vkfFkZd :i ls O;ogk;Z cuk;k tk ldsA lLrk _.k
dks vkSj vf/kd Hkkoh cukus ds fy, vkbZlhVh dk
miyCk djkus ds fy, ,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr
O;kid mi;ksx djsxkA
lHkh ik= Lolgk;rk lewgksa ftUgksaus rRdky _.k
4- ifjkehfuf/k vkSj iwathxr lfClMh% lfClMh
vnk;xh ds vk/kkj ij eq[; fokh; laLFkkvksa ls
ifjkeh fuf/k vkSj iwathxr lfClMh ds :i esa
_.k kIr fd;k gS] ds fy, 7 fr'kr ls vfkd
miyC/k gksxhA Lolgk;rk lewgksa tgk 70 fr'kr
C;kt nj ij _.k dk ko/kku gSA tc rd dksbZ
ls vf/kd lnL; chih,y ifjokjksa esa ls gSa dks
lnL; iqujko`r lap;h _.k ds tfj, fr lnL;
ksRlkgu jkfk ds :i esa ifjkeh fuf/k miyC/k
1-00 yk[k #i, rd _.k kIr djrk gS] ;g
djk;h tk,xh rkfd os cpr dh vknr cuk ldsa
lfClMh Lolgk;rk lewgksa dks miyC/k gksxh tgka
rFkk viuh nhZdkyhu _.k vko;drkvksa rFkk
de ls de 70 fr'kr lnL; chih,y ifjokj
miHkksx laca/kh vYidkyhu vko;drkvksa dks iwjk
ls gSaA tc Lolgk;rk lewg dks iwathxr lfClMh
djus ds fy, fuf/k;ka lafpr dj ldsA lfClMh
kIr gksrh gS( C;ktxr lfClMh ykxw ug gksxhA
lewg ds :i esa gksxh vkSj lnL;ksa dh _.k laca/kh
rFkkfi] C;ktxr lfClMh Lolgk;rk lewg dks rc
vko;drk,a iwjh djus ds fy, vkSj cSad fokiksk.k
nh tk,xh tc os iwathxr lfClMh lac) _.k
dks ykHk ysus ds fy, sjd iwath ds :i esa gksxhA
vnk;xh djus ds ckn u;k _.k kIr djrs gSaA
xjhch ls ckgj vkus ds fy, ;qflaxr njksa ij fok
dh lrr ,oa lgt miyC/krk vko;drk gS tcfd
vkthfodk
os cM+h ek=k esa viuh fuf/k;ka lafpr u dj ysA
7- thou&;kiu ds fy, lk/ku ra= ds :i esa xjhcksa
5- loZO;kih fokh; lekosku% ,uvkj,y,e lHkh xjhc
dh fofo/k vkthfodk gksrh gSA mudh ekStwnk eq[k
ifjokjksa] Lolgk;rk lewgksa ds vfrfj loZO;kih
vkthfodk,a gSa% etnwjh Je] yq ,oa lhekar fk]
fokh; lekosku gkfly djus ds fy, dk;Z djsxkA
ikqikyu ouksit] eRL;ikyu vkSj ikjaifjd xSj&fk
,uvkj,y,e fokh; lekosku ds ekax ,oa vkiwfrZ
O;olk;A orZeku vkthfodk ls fuoy vk; vkSj
i{k ls lacaf/kr dk;Z djsxkA ekax i{k dh vksj ;g
jkstxkj fnol muds O;; dh iwfrZ djus ds fy,
xjhcksa ds chp fokh; lk{kjrk dks c<k+ok nsxk vkSj
i;kZIr ug gSA ,uvkj,y,e R;sd xzkeh.k ifjokj
Lolgk;rk lewgksa ,oa muds ifjlaksa dks sjd iwath
dh vkthfodk ds Lo:i ij fopkj djsxk rFkk
miyC/k djk,xkA vkiwfrZ i{k dh vksj ;g fokh;
ekStwnk vkthfodk dks LFkk;h ,oa le`) djus ds
{ks= ds lkFk leUo; djsxk rFkk lwpuk] lapkj ,oa
fy, dk;Z djsxk ,oa rRipkr mudh vkthfodk dks
kS|ksfxdh vkbZlhVh vkkkfjr fokh; kS|ksfxfd;ksa]
fofo/krk nku djsxkA
fctusl dkWjliksUMsaV ,oa lkeqnkf;d lqfo/kknkrk
;Fkk & cSad fe= ds mi;ksx dks ksRlkfgr djsxkA 8- volajpuk l`tu vkSj foi.ku lgk;rk% ,uvkj,y,e
;g lqfufpr djsxk fd xjhcksa dh vkthfodk
;g e`R;q] LokLF; ,oa ifjlaifk;ksa ds uV gksus dh
fLFkfr esa xzkeh.k xjhc ds loZO;kih dojst ds fy,
laca/kh eq[; f;kdykiksa ds fy, volajpukRed

24

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

vko;drk,a iw.kZr% iwjh gksA ;g xjhc dh laLFkkvksa

gSaMgksYMx liksVZ dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA p;u]
dks foi.ku lgk;rk Hkh miyC/k djk,xkA foi.ku
fk{k.k rFkk fk{k.k ipkr pj.kksa esa cSadksa dks
lgk;rk esa vusd f;kdykiksa esa cktkj vuqla/kku]
kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA vius ms;ksa dks iwjk djus
cktkj Kku kS|ksfxdh] foLrkj] gj laHko lgk;rk
ds fy, vkj,lbZVhvkbZ fu/kZuksa ds laLFkkuksa lfgr
miyC/k djkuk] vkthfodk lewg cukuk rFkk
vU;ksa dk lg;ksx ysrs gSaA
mudh dk;Z ;kstukvksa esa lg;ksx nsuk kkfey gSA
11- ubZ igysa% ,uvkj,y,e ds vuqlkj] ubZ igyksa ls
bu f;kdykiksa&fokskdj cktkj laidZ ds fy,
fu/kZurk dks nwj djus ds dbZ ekxZ kLr gksaxsA
,uvkj,y,e lkoZtfud vkSj futh laxBuksa rFkk
dsUh; vkcaVu dk 5 fr'kr ubZ igyksa ds fy,
muds usVodZ@la ds lkFk lk>snkjh dks ksRlkgu
fu;r fd;k tkrk gSA os ifjiw.kZ lek/kku gksus
,oa lg;ksx nsxkA xzkeh.k gkVksa dks Hkh ksRlkfgr
pkfg, vkSj muesa fu/kZuksa ds vkthfodk laxBuksa dks
fd;k tk,xk rkfd os ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds lrr fukkZj.
tkudkjh miyC/k djkus ,oa muds {kerk fuekZ.k
k ,oa vuqe dh lqfodflr ra= ds tfj, mRiknd
dk LiV vf/knsk fufgr gksuk pkfg,A ,slh igysa
lewgksa kgjh ,oa kgj ds ckgj ds cktkjksa ds
viukbZ tkuh pkfg, ftuls fu/kZure yksxksa vFkok
vyx&vyx mRikndksa ds lkFk R;{k laidZ dk;e
vf/kd ls vf/kd xjhc yksxksa dks ykHk feys vkSj
dj ldsaA jkT; dk 20 fr'kr dk;Ze ifjO;;
lhfer lzksrksa ls vf/kdre Hkko iM+sA
bl ;kstukFkZ vkjf{kr j[kk tkrk gSA
9- dkSky ,oa fu;kstu ifj;kstuk,a% ,uvkj,y,e
rkyesy ,oa lgHkkfxrk
lk>snkjh jhfr ds tfj, dkSky m;u ,oa fu;kstu
ifj;kstuk,a tkjh j[ksxk D;ksafd ;g ;qokvksa esa mke 12- rkyesy% ,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr xzkeh.k fodkl
ea=ky; rFkk vU; dsUh; ea=ky;ksa ,oa jkT;
fuosk esa ls ,d gS vkSj mHkjrs cktkjksa esa vkthfodk
ljdkjksa ds dk;Zeksa ds lkFk rkyesy ij vf/kd
voljksa dks ksRlkgu nsrk gSA bls lq< d+jus ds
cy fn;k tk,xk] rkfd R;{k rkSj ij vkSj fu/kZuksa
fy, lkoZtfud] futh] xSj&ljdkjh vkSj lkeqnkf;d
dh laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls rkjrE; LFkkfir fd;k
laxBuksa ds lkFk lk>snkjh ds fofHkUUk ekWMy cuk,
tk ldsA
tk,axsA vkS|ksfxd ifjlaksa rFkk {ks= fofkV deZpkjh
laksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks etcwr fd;k tk,xkA bl
13- xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa rFkk vU; flfoy lkslk;Vh
;kl esa jkVh; dkSky fodkl fuxe ,u,lMhlh
laxBuksa lh,lvks ds lkFk lgHkkfxrk% ,uvkj,y,e
eq[k lgHkkxh gksxkA ,uvkj,y,e ds rgr dsUh;
ds rgr xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa ,oa vU; flfoy
vkcaVu dk 15 fr'kr bl ms'; ds fy, fu;r
lkslk;Vh laLFkkvksa lhlvks ds lkFk uhfr fuekZ.k
fd;k x;k gSA
,oa dk;kZUo;u Lrjksa ij lgHkkfxrk dh tk,xhA
;g lgHkkfxrk] ,uvkj,y,e esa fufgr egRoiw.kZ
10- xzkeh.k Lo&jkstxkj fk{k.k laLFkku vkj,lbZVhvkbZ%
ekU;rkvksa rFkk ewY;ksa vkSj f;kvksa ,oa ifj.kkeksa
,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa dks
ds laca/k esa ikjLifjd le>kSrs ds vk/kkj ij
nsk ds lHkh ftyksa esa xzkeh.k Lo&jkstxkj fk{k.k
gksxhA ,uvkj,y,e ds rgr ,uthvks ,oa vU;
laLFkku vkj,lbZVhvkbZ LFkkfir djus ds fy,
lh,lvks ds lkFk lgHkkfxrk ds fy, ,d jkVh;
ksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA vkj,lbZVh laLFkkuksa ds
<kapk rS;kj fd;k tk,xkA blds vykok] fofHkUUk
ek/;e ls ftys ds csjkstxkj xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks
Lrjksa ij vU; LVsdgksYMjksa ds lkFk R;{kr% vFkok
vkRefooklh Lo&jkstxkjh m|fe;ksa ds :i esa
fu/kZuksa dh laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls lgHkkfxrk dh
ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS] ftlds fy, vko;drk
vk/kkfjr vuqHkotU; fk{k.k dk;Ze ,oa O;ofLFkr
tk,xhA

,uvkj,y,e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a A

25

14- iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds lkFk laidZ% iapk;rh jkt

m lajpuk dk ms; ,d vkarfjd laosnkRed
lgk;rk lajpuk fodflr djuk gS] ftlesa fu/kZuksa
laLFkkvksa ihvkjvkbZ dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk ftlesa
dh laLFkkvksa] muds LVkWQ rFkk vU; lkekftd
kklu] ,tsalh] O;olkf;d ,oa jktuhfrd Hkwfedk
iwath dks kkfey fd;k tk,xkA le; ds lkFk&lkFk
kkfey gS] dks ns[krs gq, foksk :i ls xzke iapk;r
vkarfjd lgk;rk lajpuk dh Hkwfedk dk foLrkj
Lrj ij iapk;rksa rFkk fu/kZuksa dh laLFkkvksa ds chp
fd;k tk,xk vkSj ,slh dbZ f;kvksa esa ck
,d ikjLifjd ykHkdkjh dk;Z laca/kh laca/k fodflr
lajpuk ds LFkku ij budk ;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
fd, tkus pfg,A ikjLifjd lykg] lgk;rk ,oa
lalk/kuksa dh fgLlsnkjh gsrq fu/kZuksa dh laLFkkvksa rFkk 16- rduhdh lgk;rk% ,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr blds
iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds chp fu;fer ijkekZ ds
izHkkoh dk;kZUo;u gsrq jkT;ksa rFkk vU; LkHkh
fy, ,d vkSipkfjd ra= LFkkfir djuk vko;d
lgHkkfx;ksa dh laLFkkxr {kerkvksa ds l`tu ,oa
gksxkA rFkkfi] mudh Lok;krk cuk, j[kh tk,xhA
mudh lqn`<+rk ds fy, mUgsa rduhdh lgk;rk
tgka iapk;rh jkt laLFkk,a ug gSa] ogka ikjaifjd
miyC/k gksxhA blls jkVh; Kku izca/ku ,oa fk{k.k
LFkk;h xzke laLFkkvksa ds lkFk ydst LFkkfir fd;k
eap@iz.kkfy;ksa dh miyC/rk lqfufpr gksxhA blls
tk,xkA
fu/kZuksa dh laLFkkvksa rFkk cSafdax {ks=ksa lkoZtfud ,oa
futh {ks=ksa ds chp lgHkkfxrk c<sxh ftlls fukZuksa
dks ykHk fey ldsaxsA blls lkekftd ,dtqVrk]
laosnukRed lgk;rk
lkaLFkkfud fuekZ.k] ekbks&Qkbusal] vkthfodk]
15- ck laosnukRed lgk;rk Lo:i% ,uvkj,y,e ds
dkSky fodkk] m|ekhyrk vkfn lfgr izklafxd
f;ksUeq[k ;kl ds fy, lefiZr ekuo lalk/ku
{ks=ksa esa foks"kKksa] izSfDVl djus okyksa rFkk Lkykgdkjksa
visf{kr gksaxsA bls ns[krs gq, ,uvkj,y,e ds
dk jkVh; iqy cukus esa lgk;rk feysxhA os jkT;
rgr jkVh;] jkT;] ftyk rFkk mi&ftyk Lrjksa
Lrj ij xjhch nwj djus laca/kh j.kuhfr;ka cukus
ij laosnh ,oa lefiZr lgk;rk lajpuk,a LFkkfir
rFkk mUgsa f;kfUor djus esa ,uvkj,y,e dks ekSds
dh tk,axhA buesa jkVh; Lrj ij ,uvkj,y,e
ij lgk;rk miYkC?k djk,axsA
lykgdkj] leUo; ,oa vf/kdkj&kIr lfefr;ka
rFkk jkVh; feku ca/ku ,dd] jkT; Lrj ij 17- fuxjkuh rFkk fk{k.k% ,uvkj,y,e }kjk osCk
vk/kkfjr leh{kk lfefr lfefr;ksa dh fu;fer
Lok;k fudk;ksa ds :i esa jkT; xzkeh.k vkthfodk
cSBdksa( ofjB lgdfeZ;ksa] LFkkuh;] ftyk] jkT; ,oa
feku ,lvkj,y,e ,oa jkT; feku ca/ku
jkVLrjh; fuxjkuh lewgksa }kjk nkSjksa vkSj Lkeh{kk
,dd] ftyk Lrj ij ftyk feku ca/ku ,dd
,oa vk;kstuk fekuksa dh O;oLFkk ds ek?;e ls vius
vkSj CykWd rFkk@vFkok cLrh Lrj ij mi&ftyk
ifj.kkeksa] izf;kvksa rFkk dk;Zdykiksa dh ekWuhVfjax
,dd kkfey gSaA ;s ljdkj] ftyk xzkeh.k fodkl
dh tk,xhA Ikzf;k fuxjkuh v?;;uksa] fok;kRed
,tsafl;ksa MhvkjMh, rFkk iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa ds
v?;;uksa rFkk izHkko laca/kh ewY;kaduksa ls mi;qZDr esa
lkFk mi;q :i ls laidZ cuk, j[ksaxhA MhvkjMh
lgk;rk feysxhA blls vkSj vf/kd ikjnfkZrk ykus
,tsafl;ksa esa fu/kZuksa dh laLFkkvksa ds frfuf/k;ksa dks
ds fy, lkekftd Tkokcnsgh izf;kvksa dks izksRlkgu
kkfey djds rFkk bUgsa O;kolkf;d :i nsdj buds
feysxkA ;g ,yvkj,y,e rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk
kklu dks lq< f+d;k tk,xk] rkfd os fu/kZuksa dh
fodflr ra=ksa ds vykok gksxkA
vko;drkvksa dks iwjk dj ldsaA buesa lgHkkfxrk
,oa lsokvksa dh vkmVlksflx lfgr mi;q O;oLFkk 18- fokiksk.k i}fr% ,uvkj,y,e ,d dsanzh; izk;ksftr
ds ek/;e ls O;kolkf;d :i ls n{k ,oa lefiZr
;kstuk gS vkSj bl dk;Ze dk fokiksk.k] dsanz vkSj
ekuo lalk/kuksa esa ls LVkWQ dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA
jkT;ksa dsa Ckhp ds 75 % 25 vuqikr flfDde lfgr

26

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

iwoksZkj jkT;ksa ds ekeys esa 90 % 10] Lka/k jkT; {ksa=ksa

dsa ekeys esa iw.kZr% dsUnz ls esa gksxkA jkT;ksa ds fy,
fu;e dsanzh; vkcaVu dk forj.k eksVs rkSj ij jkT;ksa
esa xjhch ds vuqikr esa gksxkA

LVkWQ miyC/k djk;k tk,xk vkSj lkoZHkkSe ,oa

xgu lkekftd ,oa fokh; lekosku] vkthfodk]
Hkkxhnkjh vkfn tSlh xfrfof/k;ka fuikfnr
dh tk,axhA rFkkfi] ksk CykWdksa ;k de l/ku
CykWdksa esa xfrfof/k;ka lhfer :i ls gksaxh bu
CykWdksa esa ifjO;;] orZeku ,lth,lokbZ ds rgr
buds fy, jkT; vkSlr vkcaVu rd lhfer
jgsxkA

19- pj.kCk} dk;kZUo;u% fu/kZuksa dh lkekftd iwath esa

xjhch dh laLFkk,a] muds usrk] lkeqnkf;d isksoj
rFkk lkeqnkf;d lgk;rk&izkIr O;fDr xjhc
efgyk,a ftudk thou mudh laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx
20- ,uvkj,y,e dks ykxw djuk% LkHkh jkT;ksa@la/k
ls ifjofrZr gqvk gS kkfey gSaA kq# ds okksZ esa
jkT; {ks=ksa dks ,uvkj,y,e dh vkSipkfjd kq#vkr
lkekftd iwath ds fuekZ.k esa dqN le; yxrk
ls ,d okZ esa bls ykxw djuk gksxkA blds ckn
gS] ijUrq dqN le; ckn blesa rsth ls o`f) gksrh
,lth,lokbZ ds varxZr fokiksk.k lekIr gks
gSA ,uvkj,y,e esa xjhcksa dh lkekftd iwath dh
tk,xkA
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gS] blds fcuk ;g turk dk
dk;Ze ugha cu ldrkA LkkFk gh] ;g Hkh lqfufpr 21- ,uvkj,y,e dh dk;Zlwph% ,uvkj,y,e ds varxZr
fd;k tkuk vko;d gS fd igyksa dh xq.kokk ,oa
nsk ds 60 yk[k xkaoksa dh 25 yk[k iapk;rksa ds
izHkkokhyrk esa deh u vk,A blhfy,] ,uvkj,y,e
6000 CykWdksa esa 70 djksM+ chih,y ifjokjksa ds
ds ekeys esa pj.kc) dk;kZUo;u laca/kh n`fVdks.k
Lo&lapkfyr ,l,pth ,oa muds la?kh; laLFkkuksa
viuk;k tkrk gSA 12oha iapokhZ; ;kstuk ds var esa
,oa vkthfodk iz;kstuksa ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djus
,uvkj,y,e dh LkHkh ftyksa RkFkk CykWdksa esa igqap
dk y{; j[kk x;k gSA ,uvkj,y,e ds rgr mUgsa
lqfufpr dh tk,xhA
nh/kZdkfyd rFkk xjhch nwj djus ds muds iz;klksa esa
lgk;rk nh tk,xhA blds vykok] fu/kZuksa dks muds
ftu CykWdksa esa ,uvkj,y,e dk O;kid :Ik ls
dk;kZUo;u fd;k tk,xk] ogka izfkf{kr isksoj
vf/kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa tkx:d fd;k tk,xkA

,uvkj,y,e dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a A

27

vkfFkZd lgk;rkfokh; ekudlhek

1- Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa dk xBu% lewgksa ds xBu

,oa muds fodkl ds fy, ,uthvkslhchvks
lkeqnkf;d leUo;kdksa lqfokknkrkvksa ,uhesVjksa dks
10000@& :0 fr lewg fn, tk,axsA

u dsoy ykHkkfFkZ;ksa cfYd dk;Ze vfkdkfj;ksa

,oa LVkWQ] lkeqnkf;d isksojksa] lacafkr ljdkjh
deZpkfj;ksa vkfn] ,uthvks] iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa
ds dk;ZdkkZvksa vkfn lfgr lHkh vU; LVsdgksYMjksa
ds fk{k.k ,oa {kerk fuekZ.kds fy, mi;ksx dh
tkrh gSA ,Dlikstj nkSjksa rFkk bekZu nkSjksa ij O;;
dks Hkh bl Vd ds rgr doj fd;k tkuk gSA
mfYyf[kr dkSky fk{k.k ls rkRi;Z Lojkstxkj ds
fy, lnL; Lrjh; fk{k.k ls gS rFkk ;g jkstxkj
&lec) dkSky fk{k.k ls vyx gSA

2- ifjkeh fuf/k vkj,Q% ,l,pth ds dkjil ds

:i esa U;wure 10000@& :0 ls ysdj vf/kdre
15000@& :0 fr ,l,pth lgk;rk nh tk,xhA
;g mu lHkh ,l,pth dks nh tk,xh ftUgksaus
igys vkj,Q kIr ug fd;k gSA 70 fr'kr ls
vfkd chih,y lnL;ksa okys Lo&lgk;rk lewg gh
5- C;kt lfClMh% cSd
a ks ls kIr lHkh ,l,pth _.kksa
vkj ,Q ds ik= gSaA
ds fy, 7 fr'kr okfkZd ls vf/kd C;kt nj ij
lfClMh] le; ij iquHkZx
q rku ij vk/kkfjr gSA fdlh
3- iwt
a hxr lfClMh lh,l% ,l,pth ds lnL;ksa rFkk
ykHkkFk ;k ,l,pth lnL; dks C;kt ij lfClMh]
oS;fd ykHkkfFkZ;ksa nksuksa ds fy, lkekU; Js.kh ds
mlds }kjk 1-00 yk[k :0 rd ds cSd
a _.k ij nh
fy, 15000@& :0 rFkk vuqlfw pr tkfr@tutkfr
tk,xhA vuqeku gS fd Lo&lgk;rk lewgksa esa lnL;ksa
Js.kh ds fy, 20]000@& :0 fr vuqlfw pr tutkfr
dks fokiks"k.k esa nksgjko gksxk vkSj ;g 1-00 yk[k :0
Js.kh dh iwt
a hxr lfClMh lhek ykxw gSA R;sd
dh lhek] fdlh lnL; ifjokj }kjk kIr fd;k x;k
,l,pth vf/kdre 2-50 yk[k :0 dh lfClMh ds
lap;h _.k gSA fdlh ,l,pth }kjk iwt
a hxr lfClMh
fy, ik= gSA dsoy chih,y lnL; oS;fd lfClMh
ds ekeys esa m lfClMh miyC/k ug gksxhA
ds fy, ik= gSa vkSj 70 fr'kr chih,y lnL;ksa okys
,l,pth lfClMh ds ik= gSAa tgka Hkh Lolgk;rk 6- ifjlaksa ds LFkkf;Ro rFkk n{krk ds fy, dkiZl QaM
gsrq ,deqr vuqnku &
lewg ,slh O;oLFkk pkgrs gS]a iwt
a hxr lfClMh lhks
Lolgk;rk lewgksa dks vFkok mUgsa muds ifjla?kksa ds
xzkeiapk;r
Lrjh; ifjlaksa ds fy,
ek;e ls nh tk,xhA
10000@& :0
CykWd Lrjh; ifjla ds fy, 20000@& :0
4- {kerk fuekZ.k rFkk dkSky fk{k.k% 7500 :0
ftyk Lrjh; ifjla ds fy, 100000@& :0
fr ykHkkFk & bl Vds ds rgr miyC/k jkfk]

28

jk"Vh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku | fe'ku nLrkost

7- kklfud O;;% dkSky fodkl rFkk jkstxkj vkSj

vkj,lbZVhvkbZ Vd gsrq vkcaVu dk 5 fr'kr ;g
jkT;ksa dks dsUh; fjyht rFkk laxr jkT; fgLls dk
5 fr'kr gSA
8- vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kk,a rFkk foi.ku% dsUh; fgLls rFkk
jkT; Lrjh; fgLls vFkkZr~ jkT; ds dk;Ze ifjO;;
ds 20 fr'kr rd iwokZskj jkT;ksa rFkk flfe ds
ekeys esa 25 fr'krA
9- dkSky rFkk jkstxkj ifj;kstuk,a ,oa uohuhdj.k
dsUh; vkcaVu dk 20 fr'kr% uohuhdj.k

ifj;kstukvksa ij O;; 5 fr'kr ls vf/kd ug

gksuk pkfg, vkSj ksk 15 fr'kr jkstxkj lEc)
dkSky fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, gSA jkstxkj
lEc) dkSky fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ds fy,
vkcaVu 7-5 fr'kr dk 50 fr'kr cgq&jkT;h;
dkSky fodkl ifj;kstukvksa gsrq dsU ds ikl
j[kk tkrk gS vkSj ksk jkT; fofkV dkSky
fodkl ,oa jkstxkj ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u
gsrq jkT;ksa dks vkcafVr fd;k tkrk gSA jkT;ksa
}kjk mUgsa fjyht dh xbZ jkfk dk laxr jkT;
fgLlk miyC/k djkuk gksrk gSA

vkfFkZd lgk;rkfokh; ekudlhek A

29