EXPERIMENT : AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact value of the road aggregates.To assess their suitability in
road construction on the basis of impact value.This test is done to determine the
aggregate impact value of coarse aggregates.Many tests have been developed to
empirically characterize aggregate properties without, necessarily, strong
relationships to the performance of final products incorporating an aggregate.This
seems to be particularly true for aggregate toughness and abrasion resistance
and durability and soundness. The objective of this research is to select tests for
characterizing aggregate toughness/abrasion resistance and durability/soundness
that are related to the performance of asphalt concrete pavements.

THEORY
This lack of understanding has led to the development of design methods
that tended to overemphasize the need for superior aggregate properties, rather
than the development of innovative design methods to accommodate a wide range
of aggregate properties.
. A number of alternative tests have been used to assess the aggregate
breakdown throughout the European Union. Some of these test methods, such as
aggregate crushing value, ten percent fines value, and aggregate impact value, are
included in the British standards 812.
The Aggregate Impact Value (British Standard 812-Part 112) provides a
measure of the resistance of aggregates to impact. To conduct the test, a specimen
is compacted into an open steel cup.The sample is subjected to a number of
impacts from a dropping weight. This action breaks the aggregate to a degree
which is dependent on the impact resistance of the material.
Classification of aggregates using Aggregate Impact Value is as given below:
Aggregate Impact Value
<20%
10-20%
20-30%
>35%

Classification
Exceptionally Strong
Strong
Satiisfactory for road surfacing
Weak for road surfacing

SAFETY & HEALTH

The basic purpose of these safety instructions is to protect students, researchers,

technicians and teachers from the many hazards that might be encountered during
the use of the various materials and equipment in the geotechnic laboratory.
Ethics in safety and health is very importance. This is because in order to avoid
any injury occurs.
Before Practical Work
I.
II.
III.

Knows locations of first aid and eye station.

Wear appropriate clothing for easy work.
Follow all instructions lecturer.

During practical work

I.
II.
III.
IV.

No running, eating, drinking or smoking while conduct practical work.

Ensure the equipment used in good condition.
Take a reading of the sample correctly.
Wear gloves when entering the sample in oven care for themselves and

V.
VI.

friends.
Do not joke when using the tools.
Do practical work under the surveillance of lecturer.

After Practical Work

I.
II.
III.

Store the equipment after using it carefully.

Make sure the hole is dug filled up again to avoid any injury occurring in
the future.
Follow further instructions from the lecturer after testing is complete.

APPARATUS

testing machine weighing

cylindrical steel cup

tup weighing

cylindrical metal

rod

balance

PROCEDURE
The test sample consists of aggregates sized 10.0 mm.Aggregates may be dried by
heatinf at 100-110C for a period of 4 hours and cooled.

i.

Sieve the material through 14.0mm and 10.0mm sieves.The aggregates passing
through 14.0 mm sieve and retained on 10.0 mm sieve and retained on 10,0 mm
sieve comprises the test material.

ii.

Pour the aggregates to fill

about just 1/3 rd depth of

measuring cylinder.
iii.

Compact the material by

giving 25 gentle blows

with the rounded end of the tamping rod.

iv.

Add two more layers in

similar

manner,so

that

cylinder is full.
v.

Strike

off

the

surplus

aggregates.

vi.

Determine the net weight of the aggregates to the nearest gram (W).

vii.

Bring the impact machine to rest without wedging or packing up on the level
plate,block or floor ,so that it is rigid and the hammer guide columns are vertical.

viii.

Fix the cup firmly in position on the base of machine and place whole of the test
sample in it and compact by giving 25 gentle strokes with tamping rod.

ix.

Raise the hammer until its lower face is 380mm above the surface of aggregate
sample in the cup and allow it to fall freely on the aggregate sample.Give 15 such
blows at an interval of not less than one second between successive falls.
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x.

Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36mm sieves
until no further significant amount passes in one minute.Weigh the fraction
passing the sieves to an accuracy of 1 gm.Also,weigh the fraction retained in the
sieves .

Compute the aggregate impact

value.The mean of two

observations,rounded to

nearest whole number is

reported

as

the

Aggregate Impact Value.

RESULT

Total weight of dry sample (W1 g)

Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm(W 2g)
Aggregate Impact Value (percent)=W2 /W1X

S1
629.9
65.2
16.43%

S2
545.1
69.4
12.73%

100

CALCULATION:

RESULT:

S1 = 65.7 / 629.9 x 100 = 10.43%

Aggregate Impact Value

S2 = 69.4 / 54.51 x 100 = 12.73%

(10.43% + 12.73%) / 2 = 11.58%

NOTES
7

a) Refer to JKR Standart Specification For Roadworks.

b) Classification of aggregates using Aggregate Impact Value is as given below:
Aggregate Impact Value
<20%
10-20%
20-30%
>35%

Classification
Exceptionally Strong
Strong
Satiisfactory for road surfacing
Weak for road surfacing

CONCLUSION
Based on the result obtained, the percentage of impact value is
35.71%.Aggregate impact value is used to determine sustainability of aggregate
due to dynamic loading.
As we know, aggregates is an important material used for road
construction, therefore, traffic loading will be the chief loading for a roadway.
Aggregates used for road construction should be able to sustain heavy loading
applied. This parameter is measured by impact test. From the test carried out, we
known that the sample has high impact value. This showns that percentage not
unsustainable to heavy loading.
After carried out impact test, we can conclude that the sample has an
aggregate impact value of 35.71%.The result is under JKR specification that is
25%.So,it is the weak for road surfacing. This showns that the the aggregate are
not be used in road construction because the aggregate fragile and easily broken
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when compressed. According to JKR specific aggregate of more than 35% should
not be applied.
Aggregates must be tough and abrasion resistant to prevent crushing,
degradation, and disintegration when stockpiled, fed through an asphalt plant,
placed with a

paver, compacted with rollers, and subjected to traffic loadings.

These properties are especially critical for open or gap graded asphalt concrete
mixtures (such as open-graded friction courses and stone matrix asphalt) which do
not benefit from the cushioning effect of the fine aggregate and where coarse
particles are subjected to high contact stresses.
Aggregates which lack adequate toughness and abrasion resistance may
cause construction and performance problems. Degradation occurring during
production can affect the overall gradation and, thus, widen the gap between
properties of the laboratory designed mix and field produced mix.

REFERENCE
1)Internet
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

www.engineeringcivil.com/aggregate-impact-value.html
civilx.unm.edu/laboratories_ss/mechmat/charpy.html
fismapedia.org/index.php?title=Term:Moderate-Impact_System
sroi.london.edu/Measuring-Social-Impact.pdf
ec.europa.eu/culture/key.../study_impact_cult_creativity_06_09.pdf

2)Book
a) A Guide Book for Beginners,Ratnasamy Muniandy,Radin Sohadi,Penerbit
UPM,2001
3)Library
a) Library Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah
b) Perpustakaan Awam Alor Star.
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4)Module
a) Highway Engineering CC302.

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